CN109743074A - The PN synchronization method and PN synchronization device of non-homogeneous spread spectrum - Google Patents
The PN synchronization method and PN synchronization device of non-homogeneous spread spectrum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the PN synchronization methods and PN synchronization device of field of communication technology more particularly to a kind of non-homogeneous spread spectrum.Method includes the following steps: signal is searched for and captured according to the length of half-bit；Current half bit amplitudes of spreading code are compared with detection threshold, if more than detection threshold, then enter tracking mode；Coherent accumulation is carried out in half-bit, and carries out noncoherent accumulation within the predetermined bit period, obtains optimum sampling point to adjust code phase, and the signal for sending receiving end received signal with transmitting terminal is synchronous.The present invention uses half bit searching code loop, can resist big interference, and can adapt to carry out stable code ring tracking under low-noise situation, have the advantages that economize on resources, handle it is stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the PN synchronization methods and PN synchronization of field of communication technology more particularly to a kind of non-homogeneous spread spectrum
Device.
Background technique
Direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication mechanism is that data information is modulated on required frequency band by respective handling and emits by sender, recipient
Primary data information (pdi) is then extracted by corresponding inversely processing.However, extracting or restoring valid data information for recipient
Key point is uncertainty caused by solving man-made environment, solves the process referred to as " synchronization " of this uncertainty.It is synchronous
Emphasis be that the signal at system transmitting-receiving both ends is required to be consistent in frequency and in phase, could correctly demodulate letter in this way
Breath.Its effect seeks to realize that locally generated signal is consistent in frequency and phase with the signal received.It synchronized
Journey generally includes two stages: capture and tracking.(1) receiving end is due to being not aware that whether other side has sent signal, because
This, needs an arrest process, i.e., searches for signal in certain frequency and time range, that is, sender is sent
Signal and the difference of phase of local signal be included in hold-in range, i.e., in one symbol time slice of spread-spectrum pseudo code, this
Stage is known as slightly synchronizing, and also cries " capture "；(2) it after the completion of capture, then needs further to adjust pseudo-code and frequency error.No matter
Since which kind of factor causes frequency and phase to shift, synchronization system can be adjusted, so that continue to keep synchronizing, this
Stage is known as essence and synchronizes, and also cries " tracking ".
After the capture for completing direct sequence signal (signal that sender sends), spread-spectrum pseudo code phase difference is received and dispatched in a symbol
Within, to be transferred to tracking mode.Due to the not accurate known prior information of carrier frequency and pseudo-code phase, so must build
Non-coherent code ring is found to carry out tracking reception to pseudo-code, i.e. it is unknown based on carrier frequency to be built upon yard ring structure for PN code tracking loop
On the basis of this hypothesis.In some determination range that carrier wave deviates specified index, this code ring allows for bearing concurrent
The effect of waving.Based on above-mentioned consideration, for common directly-enlarging system receives the signal trace of terminal, incoherent full-time can be used
Delay lock loop DLL is as PN code tracking loop in advance-lag structure form.
The related operation of this PN code tracking loop uses two independent correlators: advanced code (early code) correlator and stagnant
Code (late code) correlator afterwards.Input signal is divided into two-way: related with advanced local reference code (early code) all the way；Another way is the same as lag
Local reference code (late code) is related.Correlated results using integral or it is cumulative, square, plus and minus calculation complete phase demodulation.Pseudo-code tracing
Ring functional block diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
PN code tracking loop is by code correlator, code loop filter, code NCO (numerically-controlled oscillator) and local code generator
4 parts composition.Wherein, code correlator plays phase demodulation, and the digital medium-frequency signal of input is divided into two-way and local carrier I, Q
Two-way enters code correlator after being multiplied, related to early, late two-way pseudo-code progress respectively, obtains 4 road correlated results, makees plus and minus calculation
After obtain phase error signal.And phase error signal is used for the frequency control word of correcting code NCO after loop filtering, makes code
The output frequency of NCO is by the dynamic change for inputting frequency.The effect of loop filter is not only to filter out noise, and can be with
The dynamic of track signal.Loop filter determines the dynamic property of PN code tracking loop.
Above-mentioned pseudo-code tracing loop is effective both for uniform spread spectrum system, that is, a spread code length is directed to one
The period of BIT, symbol (the corresponding BIT of a symbol), that is, frequency expansion sequence and the week of a BIT/ symbol
Phase is identical, and boundary is also identical, and this spread spectrum mode belongs to uniform spread spectrum.It is more for non-homogeneous spread spectrum, such as a symbol correspondence
A BIT, and BIT quantity is uncertain, as soon as such as corresponding 3.345 BIT of spreading code, pseudo-code tracing loop traditional at this time
It can not work normally.
Therefore, it is badly in need of the PN synchronization method and PN synchronization device of a kind of non-homogeneous spread spectrum.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of PN synchronization method of non-homogeneous spread spectrum and PN synchronization devices, in order to be able to adapt to
Stable code ring tracking is carried out under low-noise situation.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of PN synchronization method of non-homogeneous spread spectrum, comprising the following steps:
Length search and capture signal according to half-bit；
Current half bit amplitudes of spreading code are compared with detection threshold, if more than detection threshold, then enter tracking shape
State；
Coherent accumulation is carried out in half-bit, and carries out noncoherent accumulation within the predetermined bit period, is obtained best
Sampled point adjusts code phase, and the signal for sending receiving end received signal with transmitting terminal is synchronous.
Further, into after tracking mode, received signal is adjusted using digital delay phase-locked loop.
Further, the calculation of optimum sampling point are as follows: calculate the correlation of current optimum sampling point and its front and back two o'clock
Value chooses the maximum point of wherein correlation and is used as optimum sampling point.
Further, further comprise the steps of: is using the former code value judgement relevant to local reference code of working as in input signal
It is no also in tracking mode, if not existing, re-search for and capture signal.
Further, each bit is divided into odd and even number, extracts length of the maximum numerical value as half-bit
Degree search and capture signal.
The second aspect of the invention provides a kind of PN synchronization method for realizing the non-homogeneous spread spectrum described among the above
PN synchronization device, comprising:
Signaling module is captured, searches for and capture signal for the length according to half-bit；
Current spreading code comparison module, for being compared current half bit amplitudes of spreading code with detection threshold, if greatly
In detection threshold, then enter tracking mode；
Signal synchronization module for carrying out coherent accumulation in half-bit, and carries out within the predetermined bit period non-
Coherent accumulation obtains optimum sampling point to adjust code phase, and the signal for sending receiving end received signal with transmitting terminal is synchronous.
Further, into after tracking mode, received signal is adjusted using digital delay phase-locked loop.
Further, signal synchronization module calculates the correlation of current optimum sampling point and its front and back two o'clock, chooses wherein
The maximum point of correlation is used as optimum sampling point.
It further, further include tracking mode judgment module, for being referred to using in input signal when former code and locally
The relevant value of code judges whether also in tracking mode, if not existing, re-searches for and capture signal.
Further, each bit is divided into odd and even number by capture signaling module, is extracted maximum numerical value and is made
Length search and capture signal for half-bit.
The PN synchronization method and PN synchronization device of non-homogeneous spread spectrum provided by the invention, have compared with prior art
It improves below: using half bit searching code loop, big interference can be resisted, and can adapt to carry out under low-noise situation
Stable code ring tracking, resource are saved, and processing is stablized.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to allow above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage can
It is clearer and more comprehensible, the followings are specific embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
By reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, various other advantages and benefits are common for this field
Technical staff will become clear.The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating a preferred embodiment, and is not considered as to the present invention
Limitation.And throughout the drawings, the same reference numbers will be used to refer to the same parts.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is PN code tracking loop functional block diagram；
The step of Fig. 2 is the PN synchronization method of non-homogeneous spread spectrum in the embodiment of the present invention is schemed；
Fig. 3 is that the device of the PN synchronization device of non-homogeneous spread spectrum in the embodiment of the present invention connects block diagram；
Fig. 4 is spread spectrum code acquisition schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is frequency spreading tracking process correlation value calculation schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram (integral in a PN code) being superimposed using half bit；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram (integral in N number of PN code) being superimposed using half bit；
Fig. 8 is half chip loop tracks device block diagram；
Fig. 9 is that code loop filter tracks schematic diagram in the present invention；
Figure 10 is the signal constellation (in digital modulation) figure after synchronizing in the present invention；
Figure 11 is using conventional bit spreading code loop tracks simulation result diagram；
Figure 12 is the signal constellation (in digital modulation) figure after being synchronized using conventional bit spreading code loop tracks.
Specific embodiment
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing
Exemplary embodiment, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without should be by embodiments set forth here
It is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to facilitate a more thoroughly understanding of the present invention, and can be by the scope of the present disclosure
It is fully disclosed to those skilled in the art.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific term), there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, it should be understood that have in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of meaning, and unless otherwise will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning by specific definitions.
Present embodiments provide the PN synchronization method and PN synchronization device of a kind of non-homogeneous spread spectrum.
Such as Fig. 2, the PN synchronization method of the non-homogeneous spread spectrum of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
S1, signal is searched for and captured according to the length of half-bit；
S2, current half bit amplitudes of spreading code are compared with detection threshold, if more than detection threshold, then enter tracking
State；
S3, coherent accumulation is carried out in half-bit, and carry out noncoherent accumulation within the predetermined bit period, obtain most
Good sampled point adjusts code phase, and the signal for sending receiving end received signal with transmitting terminal is synchronous.
The PN synchronization method of the non-homogeneous spread spectrum of the present embodiment can be resisted big using half bit searching code loop
Interference, and can adapt to carry out stable code ring tracking under low-noise situation, resource is saved, and processing is stablized.
When it is implemented, received signal is adjusted using digital delay phase-locked loop into after tracking mode.
When it is implemented, the calculation of optimum sampling point are as follows: calculate the phase of current optimum sampling point and its front and back two o'clock
Pass value chooses the maximum point of wherein correlation and is used as optimum sampling point.
When it is implemented, further include step S4, using in input signal when former code value relevant with local reference code is sentenced
Whether break also in tracking mode, if not existing, re-searches for and capture signal.
When it is implemented, each bit is divided into odd and even number, maximum numerical value is extracted as half-bit
Length search and capture signal.
Such as Fig. 3, arrow is signal flow in figure.Non-homogeneous spread spectrum described in realization above-described embodiment of the present embodiment
The PN synchronization device of PN synchronization method, comprising:
Signaling module is captured, searches for and capture signal for the length according to half-bit；
Current spreading code comparison module, for being compared current half bit amplitudes of spreading code with detection threshold, if greatly
In detection threshold, then enter tracking mode；
Signal synchronization module for carrying out coherent accumulation in half-bit, and carries out within the predetermined bit period non-
Coherent accumulation obtains optimum sampling point to adjust code phase, and the signal for sending receiving end received signal with transmitting terminal is synchronous.
When it is implemented, received signal is adjusted using digital delay phase-locked loop into after tracking mode.
When it is implemented, signal synchronization module calculates the correlation of current optimum sampling point and its front and back two o'clock, it is chosen
The middle maximum point of correlation is used as optimum sampling point.
It further include tracking mode judgment module such as Fig. 3, for working as former code and local reference code phase using in input signal
The value of pass judges whether also in tracking mode, if not existing, re-searches for and capture signal.
When it is implemented, each bit is divided into odd and even number by capture signaling module, maximum numerical value is extracted
Length search and capture signal as half-bit.
The present embodiment carries out pseudo-code loop tracks device, using non-homogeneous spread spectrum, pseudo- code length example using half chip
For example CL=1023 or CL=2047, spreading ratio is related with information rate, it could even be possible to not being an integer.It is filtered with matching
When wave device method realizes acquiring pseudo code, using the method that noncoherent accumulation is combined with coherent accumulation, wherein when coherent accumulation
Between be half-bit time, the noncoherent accumulation time is M section (M half bit) coherent accumulation data, if puppet code length is
CL=1023, the then chip lengths to add up every time are the integral multiple of CL=1023.
Spread spectrum code acquisition be carry out sliding relevant process using spreading code while frequency sweep, once relevant peaks be more than door
Limit can then be accurately obtained the initial code phase positions time for receiving signal spread-spectrum code word.Spread spectrum code acquisition schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.
In Fig. 4, K represents chip counter, TbThe duration of a BIT is represented, N represents the corresponding code of a spreading code
Piece quantity, b represent BIT signal, TcRepresent the duration of a chip.The spreading code period is 1023, and when capture at most needs
It searches for the time of N=1023 pseudo-code phase, search is carried out using data sectioning method, is every time N number of puppet for the relevant time
Code period, the inside include the time of M-bit (such as M=6).Every segment data searches for the time of K chip, completes one piece of data
After search, into wait state, when receive completely descend one piece of data after, then restart to search for, until correlation peak is more than thresholding, complete
Until capture.Every segment data is to search for the time of K chip, with T in each chipc/ 4 time interval carries out correlation, therefore
Every segment data needs to calculate M=2f altogethermax/fdThe correlation at a time point.
Since using non-homogeneous spread spectrum mode, there is no alignment relations between spread spectrum code phase and information bit, are
Coherence data using the method for half bit coherent accumulation is divided into two by coherent accumulation of the smooth realization inside 1 bit
Group, the length of every group of coherent accumulation are half bit, and the data of two groups of coherent accumulations are interlocked half bit.In this case, it necessarily has
The data of one group of coherent accumulation are fallen in a complete bit.
Time of integration when due to correlation is M bit period, and the value of adjacent bit may jump, therefore not
Coherent accumulation can be used, the present embodiment uses coherent accumulation by the way of noncoherent accumulation that is, within the time of half-bit,
M coherent accumulation values mould square is added again as final correlation.
Due to the presence of frequency deviation, therefore when carrying out related at every point of time, need also to be calculated in each frequency deviation point, respectively
The interval of a frequency deviation point is taken as fd=fb, fb=1/TbFor bit rate.Therefore, each code phase point needs to calculate M=altogether
2fmax/fdThe correlation of a frequency deviation point.Frequency offset estimation accuracy is f at this timeb/2.Wherein, fdRepresent Doppler frequency shift, fbRepresent ratio
Special rate, M represent the correlated measure for needing parallel computation, TbIt represents the duration an of bit or referred to as bit is all
Phase, fmaxMaximum frequency deviation numerical value is represented, when maximum frequency deviation numerical value is bigger, the parallel computation needed is just few.
After completion initial spreading code synchronizes, it is also necessary to be tracked during demodulation, frequency spreading tracking is actually pair
Spread the tracking of code phase.Spreading code Phase Tracking is the correlation calculated according to current optimum sampling point and front and back two o'clock
Size, it is identical when relevant method is with spread spectrum code acquisition to adjust code phase.The signal of frequency spreading tracking process correlation value calculation
Figure is as shown in figure 5, point, current point and point later, right side three before three vertical lines of lower left successively represent from left to right in Fig. 5
Vertical line is identical as left side.
Similar when with capture, when tracking is also coherent accumulation to be carried out in half-bit, then carry out the non-of M bit period
Coherent accumulation.3 correlations are calculated every time, if current correlation value is maximum, optimum sampling point is remained unchanged；If put before
Correlation is maximum, then optimum sampling point is moved along a point；If the correlation put later is maximum, optimum sampling point is past to be moved back
Move a point.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is illustrated using half BIT principle of stacking, and Fig. 6 is integral in PN (PN sequence) code,
Fig. 7 is integral in N number of PN code.In figure, top half is to receive the sequence of signal, and lower half portion is that a spreading code includes
BIT quantity, the length of a spreading code is fixed in code ring.In figure, b0 indicates that 0BIT, m indicate that m bit, b0o indicate the
The odd number (odd) of 0 bit, b0e are the even numbers (even) of the 0th bit.Pseudo- code length CL=1023 defaults from spreading code first
Initially as the starting point of first BIT, every half of BIT integral integrates, half BIT sampled point in the way of odd and even number
It is inside arithmetic integral (correlation is cumulative), is absolute value integral (noncoherent accumulation) between BIT, then selects odd number integral result and idol
The big value of number integral result is as the result specifically integrated.
After the capture for completing direct sequence signal, spread-spectrum pseudo code phase difference is received and dispatched within a symbol, to be transferred to tracking
State.Tracking phase, which needs to calculate at this time, works as former code, and advanced code and lag code, the related operation of this PN code tracking loop use
Two independent correlators: advanced code (early code) correlator and lag code (late code) correlator.Such as Fig. 8, input signal is divided into three
Road: related with advanced local reference code (early code) all the way；Another way is related with local reference code (late code) is lagged；Centre is all the way
When former code is related to local reference code.The controlling party of code is obtained using the comparison of advanced code correlation values and lag code correlation values
To and size, when the numerical value of former code decides whether also in tracking mode, when system is in tracking mode, half chip loop tracks dress
It is as shown in Figure 8 to set block diagram.
PN code tracking loop is by code correlator, code loop filter, code NCO (numerically-controlled oscillator) and code generator 4
It is grouped as.Wherein, code correlator plays phase demodulation, the digital medium-frequency signal of input is divided into two-way and local carrier I, Q two-way
Enter code correlator after multiplication, respectively with current E, advanced P and lag L, the progress of three tunnel pseudo-codes is related, obtains six tunnel correlation knots
Fruit obtains phase error signal after making plus and minus calculation.
And phase error signal is used for the frequency control word of correcting code NCO after loop filtering, makes the output frequency of yard NCO
By the dynamic change of input frequency.The effect of loop filter is not only to filter out noise, and want to track the dynamic of signal.
Loop filter determines the dynamic property of PN code tracking loop.
Wherein the calculating of important parameter code phase increment is as follows:
1. half chip amplitude calculates；
2. current half BIT amplitude of spreading code and detection threshold compare, illustrate on current code phase tenacious tracking more than thresholding
Signal；
3. code_err (code error signal), code_err is calculated in anticipating signal amplitude and delay signal Magnitude Difference
Dll_out (DLL- digital delay phase-locked loop, digital loop output) is obtained into code loop filtering, dll_out determines code
Direction and size are adjusted, code phase increment cfcw=((dll_out (n)+Rc)/fs) is calculated by following formula.
Such as Fig. 9 and Figure 10, Fig. 9 is E (advanced), P (current), L (lag) amplitude comparison diagram, in lateral coordinates representative accord with
Number index, longitudinal coordinate represents amplitude size, preferable using half chip loop tracks simulation result, effect in the present embodiment；Figure
11 and Figure 12, Figure 11 are E (advanced), P (current), L (lag) amplitude comparison diagram, in lateral coordinates represent notation index, it is vertical
Amplitude size is represented to coordinate, using conventional bit spreading code loop tracks simulation result, effect is poor.
For embodiment of the method, for simple description, therefore, it is stated as a series of action combinations, but this field
Technical staff should be aware of, and embodiment of that present invention are not limited by the describe sequence of actions, because implementing according to the present invention
Example, some steps may be performed in other sequences or simultaneously.Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that, specification
Described in embodiment belong to preferred embodiment, the actions involved are not necessarily necessary for embodiments of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of PN synchronization method of non-homogeneous spread spectrum, which comprises the following steps:
Length search and capture signal according to half-bit；
Current half bit amplitudes of spreading code are compared with detection threshold, if more than detection threshold, then enter tracking mode；
Coherent accumulation is carried out in half-bit, and carries out noncoherent accumulation within the predetermined bit period, obtains optimum sampling
For point to adjust code phase, the signal for sending receiving end received signal with transmitting terminal is synchronous.
2. the PN synchronization method of non-homogeneous spread spectrum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that after entering tracking mode,
Received signal is adjusted using digital delay phase-locked loop.
3. the PN synchronization method of non-homogeneous spread spectrum according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the calculating of optimum sampling point
Mode are as follows: calculate the correlation of current optimum sampling point and its front and back two o'clock, choose the maximum point of wherein correlation as best
Sampled point.
4. the PN synchronization method of non-homogeneous spread spectrum according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further comprise the steps of: utilization
Former code value relevant to local reference code of working as in input signal judges whether also in tracking mode, if not existing, re-searches for
With capture signal.
5. the PN synchronization method of non-homogeneous spread spectrum according to claim 4, which is characterized in that each bit is divided into surprise
Several and even number extracts length search and capture signal of the maximum numerical value as half-bit.
6. a kind of PN synchronization device for the PN synchronization method for realizing non-homogeneous spread spectrum described in claim 1, feature exist
In, comprising:
Signaling module is captured, searches for and capture signal for the length according to half-bit；
Current spreading code comparison module, for being compared current half bit amplitudes of spreading code with detection threshold, if more than catching
Thresholding is obtained, then enters tracking mode；
Signal synchronization module for carrying out coherent accumulation in half-bit, and carries out within the predetermined bit period incoherent
It is cumulative, optimum sampling point is obtained to adjust code phase, and the signal for sending receiving end received signal with transmitting terminal is synchronous.
7. the PN synchronization device of non-homogeneous spread spectrum according to claim 6, which is characterized in that after entering tracking mode,
Received signal is adjusted using digital delay phase-locked loop.
8. the PN synchronization device of non-homogeneous spread spectrum according to claim 7, which is characterized in that signal synchronization module calculates
The correlation of current optimum sampling point and its front and back two o'clock chooses the maximum point of wherein correlation and is used as optimum sampling point.
9. the PN synchronization device of non-homogeneous spread spectrum according to claim 8, which is characterized in that further include that tracking mode is sentenced
Disconnected module, for being judged whether using the former code value relevant to local reference code of working as in input signal also in tracking mode, if
Do not exist, then re-searches for and capture signal.
10. the PN synchronization device of non-homogeneous spread spectrum according to claim 9, which is characterized in that capture signaling module will
Each bit is divided into odd and even number, extracts length search and capture signal of the maximum numerical value as half-bit.
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| CN113328765A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-31 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for realizing universal receiver of multiple spread spectrum systems under high dynamic condition |
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| CN115149979A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-04 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Pseudo code synchronization method suitable for variable sampling rate with any length |
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| CN110855317A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2020-02-28 | 熊军 | Non-uniform spread spectrum synchronization method |
| CN113328765A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-31 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for realizing universal receiver of multiple spread spectrum systems under high dynamic condition |
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Application publication date: 20190510 |