CN109743017B - Photovoltaic module water film temperature regulating device based on fuzzy control strategy - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module water film temperature regulating device based on fuzzy control strategy Download PDFInfo
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- CN109743017B CN109743017B CN201910212143.1A CN201910212143A CN109743017B CN 109743017 B CN109743017 B CN 109743017B CN 201910212143 A CN201910212143 A CN 201910212143A CN 109743017 B CN109743017 B CN 109743017B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic module water film temperature control device based on a fuzzy control strategy, which comprises a temperature control unit, a circulating water unit and a photovoltaic power generation unit; the temperature control unit is connected with the photovoltaic power generation unit, the photovoltaic power generation unit is connected with the circulating water unit, and the circulating water unit is connected with the temperature control unit. The fuzzy observation quantity is obtained by carrying out fuzzy algorithm processing on the temperature deviation, the fuzzy control quantity is obtained according to the membership function and the established fuzzy rule, and the actual value is obtained by utilizing anti-fuzzy calculation to adjust the power of the water pump. The invention can form a water film on the surface of the photovoltaic cell panel, reduce the surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell, reduce the dust on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell and prolong the service life of the photovoltaic cell. The fuzzy controller and the variable-frequency water pump are utilized, the integration of detection and implementation is realized, and the automation of the device is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic module water film temperature control device based on a fuzzy control strategy, and belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic.
Background
The use of traditional fossil energy in large quantities poses a serious threat to human living space. Solar energy is an emerging renewable energy source. Photovoltaic power generation is a particular form of solar energy utilization.
The generating efficiency of the traditional photovoltaic cell is influenced by the surface temperature and the dust, so that the generating efficiency of the photovoltaic cell can be improved by reducing the surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell and reducing the dust on the surface of the photovoltaic cell. The water heat storage performance under the normal temperature condition is good, so that the water flows on the surface of the photovoltaic cell to absorb the heat of the photovoltaic cell and take away part of dust. In addition, when sunlight irradiates the surface of the cell panel, reflection loss can occur, the accumulative reflection loss of the traditional photovoltaic system can reach 8-15%, the reflection loss in tropical regions can reach 42%, the refractive index of water is 1.3, and a water film is formed on the surface of the cell panel, so that the reflection loss can be reduced, and the photovoltaic power generation efficiency can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the invention, the circulation of water between the surface of the photovoltaic cell and the water tank is realized by means of the water pump, and a photovoltaic module water film control method and device based on a fuzzy control strategy are researched.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a photovoltaic module water film temperature control device based on a fuzzy control strategy comprises a temperature control unit, a circulating water unit and a photovoltaic power generation unit; the temperature control unit is connected with the photovoltaic power generation unit, the photovoltaic power generation unit is connected with the circulating water unit, and the circulating water unit is connected with the temperature control unit.
The photovoltaic power generation unit is a photovoltaic cell panel with an inclined angle, and the circulating water unit comprises a water storage tank, a porous tubular spray head, a direct-current water pump, a control valve, a water flowmeter and a circulating water pipe;
the utility model discloses a photovoltaic cell, including photovoltaic cell panel, porous tubulose shower nozzle, aqua storage tank, frequency conversion water pump, the porous tubulose shower nozzle sets up on photovoltaic cell panel's top, and porous tubulose shower nozzle sprays water on photovoltaic cell panel through a plurality of apertures, forms the water film, absorbs the heat on photovoltaic cell surface and takes away the dust when the water film flows, the aqua storage tank sets up the below at photovoltaic cell panel, and the aforesaid sprays water on photovoltaic cell panel because the photovoltaic cell panel that the slope set up flows into the aqua storage tank, the aqua storage tank sends water to porous tubulose shower nozzle through connecting the frequency conversion water pump, be connected with photovoltaic cell panel behind the frequency conversion water pump connection.
The temperature control unit comprises a temperature sensor, a singlechip, a relay, a fuzzy controller and a frequency converter; the temperature sensor is respectively connected with the photovoltaic cell panel and the single chip microcomputer and used for monitoring the temperature in real time and sending the detected temperature to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the relay and the fuzzy controller, the relay is connected with the variable frequency water pump and used for controlling the on and off of the variable frequency water pump, and the fuzzy controller is connected with the frequency converter and used for adjusting the frequency of the frequency converter.
The model of the temperature sensor is DS18B 20.
The model of the single chip microcomputer is AT89S 52.
The fuzzy controller adjusts the power of the frequency converter through a fuzzy control algorithm, and makes a decision on the difference between the detected temperature and the set temperature calculated by the single chip microcomputer;
the fuzzy control algorithm takes the difference value between the detected temperature and the set temperature T1 as an observed quantity e, and takes the difference value between the actual frequency converter frequency and the standard frequency as a control quantity u;
the observations of the fuzzy control algorithm are divided into 5 fuzzy sets by e: negative big, negative small, zero, positive small, positive big, the value range of e is [ -a, a ]; the control quantity of the fuzzy control algorithm is divided into 5 fuzzy sets by u: negative big, negative small, zero, positive small, positive big, u's value range is [ -f, f ];
the fuzzy rule of the fuzzy control algorithm is as follows: if e is negative, u is negative; if e is small, u is small; if e is zero, u is zero; if e is positive small, u is positive small; if e is positive, u is positive; solving the fuzzy rule to obtain a fuzzy relation set R;
fuzzy decision is carried out by using a fuzzy control algorithm, and the control quantity u is obtained by synthesizing a deviation matrix e and a fuzzy relation matrix R, namely: u ═ e · R;
the defuzzification method of the control quantity u comprises the following steps: and according to the fuzzy degree of the control quantity u to each fuzzy set, carrying out linear interpolation on the fuzzy table to directly obtain the difference value between the corresponding actual frequency converter frequency and the standard frequency.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
the invention can form a water film on the surface of the photovoltaic cell panel, reduce the surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell, reduce the dust on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell and prolong the service life of the photovoltaic cell. The fuzzy controller and the variable-frequency water pump are utilized, the integration of detection and implementation is realized, and the automation of the device is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the control algorithm of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of water pump start-stop control.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 2, a photovoltaic module water film temperature control device based on a fuzzy control strategy comprises a temperature control unit 1-1, a circulating water unit 1-2 and a photovoltaic power generation unit 1-3; the temperature control unit is connected with the photovoltaic power generation unit, the photovoltaic power generation unit is connected with the circulating water unit, and the circulating water unit is connected with the temperature control unit.
The photovoltaic power generation unit 1-3 is a photovoltaic cell panel with an inclined angle, and the circulating water unit 1-2 comprises a water storage tank 1-2-1, a variable frequency water pump 1-2-2, a porous tubular spray head 1-2-3 and a circulating water pipe 1-2-4;
the porous tubular spray head 1-2-3 is arranged at the top end of the photovoltaic cell panel, the porous tubular spray head 1-2-3 sprays water on the photovoltaic cell panel through a plurality of small holes to form a water film, the water film absorbs heat on the surface of the photovoltaic cell and takes away dust when flowing, the water storage tank 1-2-1 is arranged below the photovoltaic cell panel, the water sprayed on the photovoltaic cell panel flows into the water storage tank 1-2-1 due to the obliquely arranged photovoltaic cell panel, the water storage tank 1-2-1 is connected with a variable frequency water pump 1-2-2 to send water to a porous tubular nozzle 1-2-3, the variable frequency water pump 1-2-2 is further connected with the temperature control unit 1-1 and then connected with the photovoltaic cell panel, and the variable frequency water pump 1-2-2 is powered through the storage battery.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the temperature control unit includes a temperature sensor, a single chip, a relay, a fuzzy controller and a frequency converter; the temperature sensor is respectively connected with the photovoltaic cell panel and the single chip microcomputer and used for monitoring the temperature in real time and sending the detected temperature to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the relay and the fuzzy controller, the relay is connected with the variable frequency water pump 1-2-2 and used for controlling the on and off of the variable frequency water pump 1-2-2, and the fuzzy controller is connected with the frequency converter and used for adjusting the frequency of the frequency converter.
The model of the temperature sensor is DS18B 20.
The model of the single chip microcomputer is AT89S 52.
The fuzzy controller adjusts the power of the frequency converter through a fuzzy control algorithm, and makes a decision on the difference between the detected temperature and the set temperature calculated by the singlechip;
the fuzzy control algorithm takes the difference value between the detected temperature and the set temperature T1 as an observed quantity e, and takes the difference value between the actual frequency converter frequency and the standard frequency as a control quantity u;
the observations of the fuzzy control algorithm are divided into 5 fuzzy sets by e: negative Big (NB), Negative Small (NS), Zero (ZO), Positive Small (PS), Positive Big (PB), the value range of e is [ -a, a ]; the control quantity of the fuzzy control algorithm is divided into 5 fuzzy sets by u: negative Big (NB), Negative Small (NS), Zero (ZO), Positive Small (PS), Positive Big (PB), and the value range of u is [ -f, f ].
The fuzzy table of the observed quantity e of the fuzzy control algorithm is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
The fuzzy table of the control quantity u of the fuzzy control algorithm is shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2
The fuzzy rule of the fuzzy control algorithm is as follows: if e is negative, u is negative; if e is small, u is small; if e is zero, u is zero; if e is positive small, u is positive small; if e is positive, u is positive; solving the fuzzy rule to obtain a fuzzy relation set R; as in table 3.
TABLE 3
| IF | NBe | NSe | ZOe | PSe | PBe |
| THEN | NBu | NSu | ZOu | PSu | PBu |
Fuzzy decision is carried out by using a fuzzy control algorithm, and the control quantity u is obtained by synthesizing a deviation matrix e and a fuzzy relation matrix R, namely: u ═ e · R;
the defuzzification method of the control quantity u comprises the following steps: and according to the fuzzy degree of the control quantity u to each fuzzy set, carrying out linear interpolation on the fuzzy table to directly obtain the difference value between the corresponding actual frequency converter frequency and the standard frequency.
The working principle is as follows: artificially setting two temperature values T1 and T2(T1 is more than T2), when the photovoltaic cell panel normally works, the temperature sensor monitors the back temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel in real time, the single chip microcomputer reads the numerical value of the temperature T3 in real time through an IO port, and when the numerical value is higher than T2, the relay is closed to enable the variable-frequency water pump 1-2-2 to start working. The single chip microcomputer sends the difference value between the detected temperature T3 and the set temperature T1 to the fuzzy controller, the fuzzy controller makes a decision through a fuzzy control algorithm, the frequency of the variable frequency water pump is controlled by the u value after defuzzification, and then fuzzy control of water flow is achieved.
The variable frequency water pump 1-2-2 conveys water in the water storage tank 1-2-1 to a porous tubular spray head erected at the highest position of the photovoltaic cell panel. The porous tubular spray head 1-2-3 sprays water on the photovoltaic cell panel through the plurality of small holes to form a water film, and the water film absorbs heat on the surface of the photovoltaic cell and takes away dust when flowing and finally flows into the water storage tank 1-2-1.
When the temperature value read by the singlechip is reduced to T2, the relay is disconnected to stop the water pump.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A temperature control device utilizing a water film of a photovoltaic module based on a fuzzy control strategy is characterized in that: the device comprises a temperature control unit, a circulating water unit and a photovoltaic power generation unit; the temperature control unit is connected with the photovoltaic power generation unit, the photovoltaic power generation unit is connected with the circulating water unit, and the circulating water unit is connected with the temperature control unit;
the photovoltaic power generation unit is a photovoltaic cell panel with an inclined angle, and the circulating water unit comprises a water storage tank, a porous tubular spray head, a variable frequency water pump and a circulating water pipe;
the device comprises a photovoltaic cell panel, a porous tubular spray head, a water storage tank, a variable frequency water pump, a temperature control unit, a storage battery and a storage battery, wherein the porous tubular spray head is arranged at the top end of the photovoltaic cell panel, sprays water on the photovoltaic cell panel through a plurality of small holes to form a water film, the water film absorbs heat on the surface of the photovoltaic cell and takes away dust when flowing, the water storage tank is arranged below the photovoltaic cell panel, the water sprayed on the photovoltaic cell panel flows into the water storage tank due to the inclined photovoltaic cell panel, the water storage tank is connected with the variable frequency water pump to deliver water to the porous tubular spray head, the variable frequency water pump is connected;
the temperature control unit comprises a temperature sensor, a single chip microcomputer, a relay, a fuzzy controller and a frequency converter; the temperature sensor is respectively connected with the photovoltaic cell panel and the single chip microcomputer and used for monitoring the temperature in real time and sending the detected temperature to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the relay and the fuzzy controller, the relay is connected with the variable frequency water pump and used for controlling the on and off of the variable frequency water pump, and the fuzzy controller is connected with the frequency converter and used for adjusting the frequency of the frequency converter.
2. The temperature control device utilizing the water film of the photovoltaic module based on the fuzzy control strategy of claim 1, wherein: the model of the temperature sensor is DS18B 20.
3. The temperature control device utilizing the water film of the photovoltaic module based on the fuzzy control strategy of claim 1, wherein: the type of the single chip microcomputer is AT89S 52.
4. The temperature control device utilizing the water film of the photovoltaic module based on the fuzzy control strategy of claim 1, wherein: the fuzzy controller adjusts the power of the frequency converter through a fuzzy control algorithm and makes a decision on the difference between the detected temperature and the set temperature calculated by the single chip microcomputer;
the fuzzy control algorithm takes the difference value between the detected temperature and the set temperature T1 as an observed quantity m, and takes the difference value between the actual frequency converter frequency and the standard frequency as a control quantity u;
the observations m of the fuzzy control algorithm are divided into 5 fuzzy sets: negative big, negative small, zero, positive small, positive big, m's value range [ -a, a ]; the control quantity of the fuzzy control algorithm is divided into 5 fuzzy sets by u: negative big, negative small, zero, positive small, positive big, u's value range is [ -f, f ];
the fuzzy rule of the fuzzy control algorithm is as follows: if e is negative, u is negative; if e is small, u is small; if e is zero, u is zero; if e is positive small, u is positive small; if e is positive, u is positive; solving the fuzzy rule to obtain a fuzzy relation set R;
fuzzy decision is carried out by using a fuzzy control algorithm, and the control quantity u is obtained by synthesizing a deviation matrix e and a fuzzy relation matrix R, namely: u = e.R;
the defuzzification method of the control quantity u comprises the following steps: and according to the fuzzy degree of the control quantity u to each fuzzy set, carrying out linear interpolation on the fuzzy table to directly obtain the difference value between the corresponding actual frequency converter frequency and the standard frequency.
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