CN109741672B - Self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation operation training device - Google Patents
Self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation operation training device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation operation trainer, which comprises a trainer main body, a bladder module, a prostate module and a replaceable urethra end-to-end anastomosis module; the replaceable urethra end-to-end anastomosis module comprises a penis scrotum outer part, a urethra catheter, a muscle tissue part and a funnel-shaped coupling head, wherein the penis scrotum outer part comprises a scrotum, a penis and surrounding epidermis tissues thereof; the perineum area of the hollow trainer main body is provided with a through hole I which is in concave-convex fit with the muscular tissue part, and the bladder module and the prostate module which are hollow and have two open ends are positioned in the trainer main body. The simulation trainer has high simulation degree and vivid experience, can improve the surgical skill of medical personnel, is convenient to replace damaged parts, and has low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical teaching molds, and relates to a self-assembled replaceable modular simulation training device for end-to-end anastomosis of human urethra, in particular to a simulation training device for urethra restoration and reconstruction surgery.
Background
The urethral stricture is a disease which is common and difficult to treat in the urology surgery, the incidence rate of the urethral stricture is 300-600/10 ten thousands, and the nearly ten year incidence rate in China shows a continuously rising situation. But the urethra restoration and reconstruction is usually troublesome in the practical clinical treatment due to the characteristics of high operation difficulty, high technical requirement, low success rate, more postoperative complications and the like.
The male urethra from the urethral orifice of the neck of the bladder to the external orifice of the urethra has a length of about 16-22 cm and an average diameter of 5-7 mm, and is divided into a cavernous body part, a bulbus part, a membranous part and a prostate part. The latest research results show that the traumatic urethral stricture proportion in China is the highest and reaches 51.76%, and most of the traumatic urethral stricture is concentrated on the bulbar and membranous urethral injuries. Mainly because when the patient falls down or falls from a high place, the perineum straddles on the hard object, the bulbar urethra is extruded between the hard object and the combined lower edge of the pubis to cause urethral injury, and more than 10 percent of patients with bulbar injury can finally develop urethral stricture. In addition, with the development and popularization of the endoscopic urethral surgery, iatrogenic injuries also become an important cause of the bulbar urethral stricture, the proportion of which reaches 34.49 percent and is close to the incidence of diseases in western countries. Surgery is the best way to treat urethral strictures completely, and urethroplasty is still considered the "gold standard" for the treatment of urethral strictures today. Currently, the main surgical approach to bulbar, membranous and proximal prostatic urethral strictures is the most classical urethral end-to-end anastomosis. According to the existing report, the technology is the operation mode with highest success rate and most definite effect in treating bulbar and various posterior urethral strictures, and is the basis of the operation of urinary surgery for mastering the relevant urethral diseases. However, the diagnosis and treatment level of the urethral diseases in China at present has obvious regional differences, and the primary hospitals cannot accept a corresponding number of patients, so that urethral repair and reconstruction operations are performed by urologists, and particularly, the urethral end-to-end anastomosis technology is less, and the doctors cannot exercise enough, so that the actual clinical curative effect is unsatisfactory. While the specialized Hospital can absorb a large number of patients with urethral diseases every year, but is technically monopolized, and only a small number of doctors in peripheral hospitals can obtain clinical guidance, so that the wide popularization of the technology is limited.
Therefore, the development of the simulation operation simulation training device which has high simulation degree and can simulate the urethral end-to-end anastomosis more truly has practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation operation simulation trainer which has high simulation degree and can simulate urethra end-to-end anastomosis more truly. The simulation training device for the simulated operation has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, convenient replacement of damaged parts, low use cost, vivid operation process experience, high simulation degree and strong operability due to the adoption of module combination and installation. By using the simulation operation simulation training device, vast medical staff can quickly understand, learn and master the operation key under the background of zero foundation of urethral diseases, and the learning period is shortened.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation operation training device mainly comprises a training device main body, a bladder module, a prostate module, a rectum module and a replaceable urethra end anastomosis module;
the replaceable urethra end-to-end anastomosis module is used for simulating the penis, scrotum and urethra of a human body; the bladder module, the prostate module and the rectum module are respectively used for simulating the bladder, the prostate and the rectum of a human body; the trainer body is used for simulating the part of a human body for accommodating penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder, prostate and rectum;
the replaceable urethra end-to-end anastomosis module comprises a penis scrotum outer part, a urethra conduit, a muscle tissue part and a funnel-shaped coupling head, wherein the penis scrotum outer part mainly comprises a scrotum, a penis and surrounding skin tissues, the penis scrotum outer part is connected with the muscle tissue part, the muscle tissue part is used for simulating a structure of the muscle tissue around the urethra, the urethra conduit is used for simulating the urethra of a human body and is communicated with the funnel-shaped coupling head through the muscle tissue part by the penis penetration, a solid cylindrical module fixed with a urethra conduit tube cavity is arranged in the urethra conduit so as to simulate the clinical expression of far-end stenosis of a bulb part, a membrane part and a prostate part, the position of the solid cylindrical module can be set according to actual needs, in addition, the periphery of a urethra stenosis part is bonded with the muscle tissue part so as to simulate the scar bonding condition around the urethra stenosis, the funnel-shaped connecting head is used for simulating a connecting part between a urethra and a bladder, is funnel-shaped, and is connected with a muscle tissue part at the smaller end of an opening;
the trainer main body is of a hollow structure so as to be convenient for embedding a replaceable urinary organ module in the trainer main body, a perineum area of the trainer main body is provided with a through hole I which is in concave-convex fit with a muscle tissue part and a blind hole II which is in concave-convex fit with a rectum module, a through hole III is arranged in a periumbilical area of the trainer main body, an abdominal cavity cover is arranged at the through hole III, and the bladder module and the prostate module are positioned in the trainer main body;
the bladder module and the prostate module are both of hollow structures with openings at two ends, the open end A of the bladder module is connected with the open end C of the prostate module through a hollow pipeline, the open end D of the prostate module is connected with the larger end of the opening of the funnel-shaped coupling head, and the hollow pipeline is connected with the inner wall of the trainer main body through a support piece.
The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation operation training device comprises a through hole IV formed in an abdominal cavity cover, an opening end B of a bladder module is communicated with the through hole IV, and probe steel can be placed into a urethra through the bladder module and a prostate module through the through hole IV in the training process.
The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation training device is characterized in that the openings of the bladder module and the prostate module are circular, the through hole IV is a circular through hole with the aperture of 7-10 mm, the abdominal cavity cover is about 10 multiplied by 10cm in size, the diameter of the opening end B of the bladder module is 4-8 cm, the opening end B of the bladder module corresponds to the through hole IV in the abdominal wall cover in position to ensure that probe steel smoothly passes through and presses down, the diameter of the opening end D of the prostate module is 8-10 mm to ensure that the probe steel smoothly passes through, the bladder module and the prostate module are obtained by casting or injection molding of high polymer materials, and the bladder module and the prostate module are made of more than one of ABS, PVC, PS, PC, POM, PMMA, PET and PA6 or more than one of polyolefin, styrene, polyurethane, polyester and polyamide. The bladder module and the prostate module can be coated with any color according to needs, and the hollow pipeline for communicating the bladder module and the prostate module is of a hollow cylinder structure and is made of white foam. The prostate module is completely communicated with the bladder module through the hollow pipeline, so that the probe steel can smoothly pass through the hollow pipeline. The concrete shapes of the bladder module and the prostate module can be adjusted according to actual requirements, the bladder module and the prostate module can be hollow spherical structures with openings at two ends, and the upper part and the lower part 1/3 of the spherical structures can be removed to realize a complete decapsulation design.
The self-assembled replaceable modular human urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation operation training device comprises a rectum module, wherein the rectum module is of a hollow cylindrical structure with two sealed ends, the diameter of the rectum module is 1.5-2 cm, the wall thickness of the rectum module is 0.5mm, colored liquid fuel is filled in the hollow structure, the phenomenon of external permeation of intestinal contents and liquid when a rectum is damaged is simulated in the operation training process, and the rectum module is made of silica gel, vinyl or TPU. The shape of the rectum module is completely matched with the blind hole II of the perineum area of the trainer body.
The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation operation trainer comprises a trainer body, wherein a perineum area of the trainer body is provided with a bilateral crus penis structure which is a herringbone red rubber part, the bilateral crus penis structure, a rectum module and a muscle tissue part are matched with each other to realize fixation, the trainer body is obtained by casting or injection molding of high polymer materials, the materials of the trainer body are more than one of ABS, PVC, PS, PC, PP, POM, PMMA, PET and PA6 (the materials are all hard plastics), and the hard plastics can be wrapped by soft thermoplastic elastomers, wherein the thermoplastic elastomers are more than one of polyolefins, styrenes, polyurethanes, polyesters and polyamides.
The through hole I of the perineum area of the trainer main body is a wedge-shaped hole with a large opening and a small opening, the outer surface of the through hole I is a circular or square defect, the middle part of the through hole I is designed in an inverted trapezoid shape, and the inside of the through hole I is of an arched hollow structure so as to be used for filling a muscle tissue part capable of replacing the urethra end-to-end anastomosis module. The two sides of the middle section of the perineum area of the trainer body are stuck with rubber red tissues which are upwards fused and similar to herringbone, so as to simulate the structure of the penis feet at two sides. A semi-arc semi-blind hole is arranged in the middle of the lower edge of the perineum area and used for fixing the rectum component. The muscle tissue parts are downwards contacted with the penis feet at the two sides of the perineum area of the trainer main body and are simultaneously attached to the upper semicircular arc of the rectum part to form a mutual fixing structure.
The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation trainer comprises a trainer body, a self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation trainer body and a self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation trainer body, wherein the peripheral epidermal tissue is connected with the trainer body through a buckle; the muscle tissue part is made of a high-molecular elastic material through pouring or injection molding; the urethral catheter is a hollow silicone tube; the length of solid cylindrical module is 1 ~ 3cm, and its material is AB glue. The external surface part of the scrotum of the penis is about 15cm multiplied by 7cm, the thickness of the epidermal tissue is 3-5mm, the scrotum and the penis are positioned at 1/3 parts in the epidermal tissue, the center of the penis is provided with a pipeline for placing a urethral catheter according to the anatomical structure of the urethra of a human body, the upper edge and the lower edge of the back surface of the epidermal tissue are designed into two nylon hasps which can be fixed with a foam filling part in the trainer body, and the size of the nylon hasps is 7 x 1.5 cm. And the muscular tissue part is positioned below the external part of the scrotum of the penis and is bonded with the external part of the scrotum of the penis. The muscle tissue component is internally provided with a pipeline for placing the urethral catheter from the head end of the penis, penetrates through the muscle tissue component in an arc shape, is designed above the position of the anatomical rectum, and is in an arc-shaped anatomical position structure with the position of a module close to 6 points of the lower edge.
The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation operation trainer comprises two leg structures, a chassis and a support, wherein the two leg structures are connected with a trainer body, the connected whole body is in a human body lithotomy position posture, the appearance is dissected from the lower edge of a costal arch to 1/3 positions on thighs, and the chassis is connected with the buttocks of the trainer body through the support.
The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation operation training device comprises a leg structure, wherein the leg structure is the upper third of a thigh structure, the leg structure is detachably designed, the maximum adduction angle is 30 degrees, the maximum abduction angle is 70 degrees, and the operation area can be fully exposed.
The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation training device comprises a base plate, wherein the base plate is of a square plate-shaped structure, is made of metal or hard plastic, is 1/2-2/3 of the total weight of the training device, is mainly used for stabilizing the training device and ensures that the training device does not move or shake when being operated by a person.
The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation operation training device comprises 1-2 hollow cylindrical supports, the whole model is in a head-foot high position, the length of the supports is 20-50 cm, the length of the supports can be adjusted according to needs, and the supports are made of metal or hard plastic. The bracket and the trainer body have certain mobility, and can be tilted up to 70 degrees at maximum and tilted down to 30 degrees at maximum.
The structure of the simulated operation simulated trainer is basically the same as the structure of human tissue, and various conditions possibly occurring in the operation are simulated by adopting materials capable of highly simulating the performance of the human tissue, so that the purposes of improving the understanding of urinary surgeons on the urethral operation and popularizing the urethral operation technology are achieved.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the simulation operation simulation trainer simulates the dissection situation of the solid urethra, is highly fitted with the actual clinical operation, and is beneficial to mastering the actual operation skill in the shortest time after training by the trainer;
(2) the simulated operation simulation trainer of the invention allocates different rigidity and elasticity aiming at the materials of skin, lower adipose tissue, muscle tissue, urethra, bladder and rectum in the perineum area, thereby simulating the feeling of human body in actual operation to the maximum extent;
(3) the urethra end anastomosis module is designed in an interchangeable manner, damaged parts are convenient to replace, and modules with different degrees and sizes can be selected to simulate various conditions possibly occurring in an entity, so that repeatability and difficulty adjustability of training of operators are ensured, and actual requirements of various clinicians in practical training are met;
(4) the simulation training device for the simulated operation has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, low use cost, vivid operation process experience, high simulation degree, strong operability and great application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of the self-assembled replaceable modular simulation trainer for urethral end-to-end anastomosis in human body;
wherein, the device comprises 1-a replaceable urethra end-to-end anastomosis module, 2-a trainer body, 3-a leg structure, 4-a chassis and 5-a bracket.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The invention relates to a self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation operation trainer, which mainly comprises a trainer body 2, a bladder module, a prostate module, a rectum module, a replaceable urethra end anastomosis module 1, two leg structures 3, a chassis 4 and a bracket 5, wherein the self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end anastomosis simulation operation simulation trainer is shown in figure 1;
the replaceable urethra end-to-end anastomosis module is used for simulating the penis, scrotum and urethra of a human body;
the bladder module, the prostate module and the rectum module are respectively used for simulating the bladder, the prostate and the rectum of a human body;
the trainer body is used for simulating the part of a human body for accommodating penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder, prostate and rectum;
the two leg structures are connected with the trainer body, the whole body after the connection is in a human lithotomy position posture, and the chassis is connected with the hip of the trainer body through the bracket; the leg structure is the upper third of thigh structure, and the leg structure adopts detachable design, and the chassis is square plate structure, and its material is metal or rigid plastic, and its weight is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of training ware total weight, and the support is hollow cylindrical structure, and its quantity is 1 ~ 2, and its length is 20 ~ 50cm, and its material is metal or rigid plastic.
The replaceable urethra end-end anastomosis module comprises a penis scrotum outer part, a urethra catheter, a muscle tissue part and a funnel-shaped coupling head, wherein the penis scrotum outer part mainly comprises a scrotum, a penis and peripheral epidermal tissues of the penis, the peripheral epidermal tissues are connected with the trainer body through buckles, the penis scrotum outer part is connected with the muscle tissue part, the muscle tissue part is used for simulating a peripheral muscle tissue-like structure of the urethra, it is made by pouring or injection molding macromolecule elastic material, the urethral catheter is a hollow silicone tube used for simulating the urethra of a human body, the penis penetrates through the urethra and is communicated with a funnel-shaped connecting head through a muscle tissue part, a solid cylindrical module which is fixed with a lumen of the urethra catheter and has the length of 1-3 cm is arranged in the urethra catheter, the funnel-shaped connecting head is used for simulating a connecting part between the urethra and the bladder and is shaped like a funnel, and the smaller end of an opening is connected with the muscle tissue part; the solid cylindrical module is made of AB glue
The trainer main body is of a hollow structure, the perineum area of the trainer main body is provided with a through hole I which is matched with the muscle tissue part in a concave-convex mode and a blind hole II which is matched with the rectum module in a concave-convex mode, and a bilateral penis foot structure which is matched with the rectum module and the muscle tissue part to realize fixation is arranged. The rectum module is the hollow cylinder structure that both ends were sealed, and the diameter is 1.5 ~ 2cm, and the wall thickness is 0.5mm, and hollow structure intussuseption is filled with coloured liquid fuel, and the material of rectum module is silica gel, vinyl or TPU. The navel peripheral region of training ware main part is opened there is through-hole III, and through-hole III department is installed the abdominal cavity lid, and it has the circular through-hole IV that the aperture is 7 ~ 10mm to open on the abdominal cavity lid, and an open end B and the through-hole IV intercommunication of bladder module, bladder module and prostate module are located the training ware main part, and the training ware main part is pour the shaping or injection moulding through macromolecular material and is obtained, and its material is more than one in ABS, PVC, PS, PC, PP, POM, PMMA, PET and PA 6.
The bladder module and the prostate module are both of hollow structures with openings at two ends, the openings of the bladder module and the prostate module are circular, the diameter of an opening end B of the bladder module is 4-8 cm, an opening end A of the bladder module is connected with an opening end C of the prostate module through a hollow pipeline, an opening end D of the prostate module is connected with a larger opening end of the funnel-shaped connecting head, the diameter of the opening end D is 8-10 mm, the hollow pipeline is connected with the inner wall of the trainer body through a supporting piece, the bladder module and the prostate module are obtained through high polymer material pouring forming or injection molding, and the bladder module and the prostate module are made of more than one of ABS, PVC, PS, PC, POM, PMMA, PET and PA6 or more than one of polyolefin, styrene, polyurethane, polyester and polyamide.
The steps of adopting the trainer to carry out simulated operation training are as follows:
1) assembling a trainer;
2) disinfecting perineal skin, and cutting skin, subcutaneous and bulbocavernosus muscles;
3) penetrating the probe steel from the abdominal wall cover opening to reach the urethra through the bladder and the prostate in sequence to determine a urethral stricture part;
4) separating and excising the narrow urethra and the surrounding scar tissues;
5) making end-to-end anastomosis of two broken ends of urethra;
6) suturing the spherical sponge muscle, and placing a drainage strip;
7) suturing the subcutaneous tissue;
8) suturing the skin and fixing the drainage strip.
After the training is finished, whether the operation is successful can be confirmed by using a probe steel.
Experiments prove that the simulated operation simulation trainer has vivid experience and high simulation degree, can greatly improve the operation skill of medical personnel, and has the advantages of replaceable design of the urethra end anastomosis module, convenient replacement of damaged parts, repeated training and low cost.
Claims (9)
1. The self-assembled replaceable modular simulation operation trainer for the end-to-end anastomosis of the human urethra is characterized in that: mainly comprises a trainer main body, a bladder module, a prostate module, a rectum module and a replaceable urethra end-to-end anastomosis module;
the replaceable urethra end-to-end anastomosis module is used for simulating the penis, scrotum and urethra of a human body; the bladder module, the prostate module and the rectum module are respectively used for simulating the bladder, the prostate and the rectum of a human body; the trainer body is used for simulating the part of a human body for accommodating penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder, prostate and rectum;
the replaceable urethra end-to-end anastomosis module comprises a penis scrotum outer part, a urethra catheter, a muscle tissue part and a funnel-shaped coupling head, wherein the penis scrotum outer part mainly comprises a scrotum, a penis and surrounding skin tissues, the penis scrotum outer part is connected with the muscle tissue part, the muscle tissue part is used for simulating a surrounding muscle tissue-like structure of the urethra, the urethra catheter is used for simulating the urethra of a human body and is communicated with the funnel-shaped coupling head through the muscle tissue part by the penetration of the penis, a solid cylindrical module fixed with a tube cavity of the urethra catheter is arranged in the urethra catheter, the funnel-shaped coupling head is used for simulating a connecting part between the urethra and a bladder and is funnel-shaped, and the smaller opening end of the funnel-shaped coupling head is connected with;
the trainer main body is of a hollow structure, a perineum area of the trainer main body is provided with a through hole I which is in concave-convex fit with a muscular tissue part and a blind hole II which is in concave-convex fit with a rectum module, a through hole III is arranged in the periumbilical area of the trainer main body, an abdominal cavity cover is arranged at the through hole III, and the bladder module and the prostate module are positioned in the trainer main body;
the bladder module and the prostate module are both hollow structures with openings at two ends, the open end A of the bladder module is connected with the open end C of the prostate module through a hollow pipeline, the open end D of the prostate module is connected with the larger opening end of the funnel-shaped coupling head, and the hollow pipeline is connected with the inner wall of the trainer main body through a support piece;
the bladder module and the prostate module are obtained by casting or injection molding of high polymer materials, and the materials of the bladder module and the prostate module are more than one of ABS, PVC, PS, PC, POM, PMMA, PET and PA6 or more than one of polyolefin, styrene, polyurethane, polyester and polyamide;
the rectal module is made of silica gel, vinyl or TPU;
the trainer main body is obtained by casting or injection molding of a high polymer material, and the material of the trainer main body is more than one of ABS, PVC, PS, PC, PP, POM, PMMA, PET and PA 6;
the surrounding epidermal tissues are connected with the trainer body through buckles; the muscle tissue part is made of a high-molecular elastic material through pouring or injection molding; the urethral catheter is a hollow silicone tube; the length of solid cylindrical module is 1 ~ 3cm, and its material is AB glue.
2. The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation training device of claim 1, wherein the abdominal cavity cover is opened with a through hole IV, and the open end B of the bladder module is communicated with the through hole IV.
3. The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation training device according to claim 2, wherein the openings of the bladder module and the prostate module are both circular, the through hole IV is a circular through hole with a hole diameter of 7-10 mm, the diameter of the opening end B of the bladder module is 4-8 cm, and the diameter of the opening end D of the prostate module is 8-10 mm.
4. The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation training device according to claim 1, wherein the rectum module is a hollow cylindrical structure with two sealed ends, the diameter is 1.5-2 cm, the wall thickness is 0.5mm, and the hollow structure is filled with colored liquid fuel.
5. The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation training device of claim 1, wherein the perineum area of the training device main body is provided with bilateral crus penis structures, and the bilateral crus penis structures, the rectum module and the muscle tissue component are matched with each other to realize fixation.
6. The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation training device according to claim 1, comprising two leg structures, a chassis and a bracket, wherein the two leg structures are connected with the training device body, the connected whole body is in a human body lithotomy position posture, and the chassis is connected with the hip of the training device body through the bracket.
7. The self-organizing replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation training device according to claim 6, wherein the leg structure is the upper third of the thigh structure, and the leg structure is detachable.
8. The self-assembling replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation training device of claim 7, wherein the base plate is a square plate structure made of metal or hard plastic, and the weight of the base plate is 1/2-2/3 of the total weight of the training device.
9. The self-assembled replaceable modular human body urethra end-to-end anastomosis simulation training device according to claim 8, wherein the support is a hollow cylindrical structure with 1-2 supports, a length of 20-50 cm, and is made of metal or rigid plastic.
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| CN86202932U (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-04-08 | 蒋济民 | Educational model of female sexual organ |
| CN2569272Y (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2003-08-27 | 刘霄飞 | Multifunctional buttocks injection model |
| DE202007015023U1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2007-12-27 | Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité) | Operations trainer and system for simulating abdominal surgery |
| CN102812504A (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2012-12-05 | 道格拉斯·W·米雅萨基 | Pelvic Surgery Training Model |
| CN202306930U (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-07-04 | 天津市医学堂科技有限公司 | Rotary simulation device for prostate examination |
| CN202714885U (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2013-02-06 | 江苏省人民医院 | Clamping mechanism of bladder urethra anastomat |
| CN202976643U (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-06-05 | 天津市天堰医教科技开发有限公司 | Female digital rectal examination model |
| CN203055300U (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-07-10 | 天津市天堰医教科技开发有限公司 | Male pelvic cavity anatomical model |
| CN203179374U (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-09-04 | 中国人民解放军总医院 | Laparoscope urethrovesical anastomosis operation training die |
| CN203895025U (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-10-22 | 深圳市中医院 | Prostate inspection practice model |
| CN204833872U (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-12-02 | 中国人民解放军第二军医大学 | Guide of per rectum supersound is prostate puncture model down |
| CN205028563U (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2016-02-10 | 上海世恒医学科技有限公司 | Peritoneoscope gynaecology operation training ware |
| CN204833878U (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-02 | 北京大学人民医院 | Fibre cholangioscope teaching training model |
| WO2018126254A1 (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2018-07-05 | Tallman Richard D Jr | Heart simulation system for medical services or diagnostic machines |
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