CN109738243B - High-altitude sampler for collecting black carbon - Google Patents
High-altitude sampler for collecting black carbon Download PDFInfo
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- CN109738243B CN109738243B CN201910076662.XA CN201910076662A CN109738243B CN 109738243 B CN109738243 B CN 109738243B CN 201910076662 A CN201910076662 A CN 201910076662A CN 109738243 B CN109738243 B CN 109738243B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-altitude sampler for collecting black carbon, which comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein a closed box is arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle and is divided into an upper box body and a lower box body, an adsorption device is arranged in the upper box body, and a multi-cylinder sampling device is arranged in the lower box body. The multi-cylinder type sampling device comprises an air inlet cylinder, a double-rod air cylinder, a compression cylinder and a sampling cylinder, wherein the left end and the right end of the double-rod air cylinder are respectively connected with the compression cylinder and the air inlet cylinder, the compression cylinder is communicated with the sampling cylinder through a connecting pipe, and an air outlet pipe of the sampling cylinder is communicated with an adsorption device. The invention solves the problems that the acquisition difficulty of black carbon in high-altitude atmosphere is high, the design of the existing acquisition device is unreasonable, the synchronous sampling of black carbon with different heights cannot be realized, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric sampling equipment, in particular to an overhead sampler for collecting black carbon.
Background
Research reports issued by the environmental planning agency of the United nations and the world meteorological organization show that controlling the emission of 'smoke' such as black carbon, near-earth ozone and the like is helpful for coping with global warming, and compared with reducing the emission of carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide emission-reducing agent has the advantages of faster effect and simpler operation. If effective measures are taken to control the discharge of black carbon and near-earth ozone in 20 years in future, the global warming is remarkably delayed, and the crop yield is increased by 5000 ten thousand tons every year.
Black carbon is a by-product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and the like. Such black solid small particles are often left in smoke of forest fires, smoke generated by brick kiln firing and soot. The black carbon has strong sunlight absorption capacity, and after the black carbon is attached to white surfaces such as iceberg snow covers, the black carbon absorbs heat on the one hand, hinders reflection on the other hand, accelerates melting of iceberg, ice sources and arctic ice covers, and then accelerates global warming. In addition, black carbon is one of the pollution factors for monitoring the quality of the atmosphere, and is believed to be associated with diseases such as lung cancer.
Unlike most atmospheric pollutants, black carbon has a relatively short residence time in the atmosphere. Meanwhile, the evolution process of the concentration of the black carbon aerosol in the regional atmosphere is a dynamic coupling complex process which is comprehensively influenced by a plurality of factors such as a polluted source, weather, an underlying surface and the like on different time scales, and the processes occur on different time scales, so that the time-space evolution of the black carbon aerosol presents high nonlinearity, variability and nonstationary characteristics. Due to the complexity characteristics, the concentration of the black carbon aerosol has strong variability in time and space distribution, and accurate information of the time-space distribution and the evolution trend of the black carbon aerosol is difficult to obtain, so that the atmospheric aerosol becomes an important uncertain factor which is difficult to accurately estimate in the current environmental and climate change research, and the accurate influence of the black carbon aerosol on the environmental and climate changes is seriously hindered from being objectively known by human beings. Because of the strong space-time variability of black carbon, the vertical distribution change of the black carbon is very large, and a synchronous black carbon sampling analysis means with different heights is lacked at present, so that synchronous black carbon observation data with different heights is lacked, and in the research, the values of time and space points are obtained by atmospheric diffusion and transmission only by assuming that the synchronous black carbon is exponentially attenuated along with the heights, so that the error is very large.
On the other hand, it has been found that black carbon particles have a very large specific surface area and can adsorb many toxic and harmful pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other harmful chemicals. The traditional black carbon measurement means mainly relies on optical gray scale measurement, and the principle is based on the attenuation of light absorption caused by particles collected on a quartz filter paper belt. The method can measure the concentration of the black carbon in real time, but the method cannot be used for further analyzing other harmful gas components adsorbed by the black carbon sample. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a more scientific and reasonable black carbon collecting method and device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-altitude sampler for collecting black carbon.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a high altitude sample thief for black carbon is gathered, includes unmanned aerial vehicle, connecting rod, seal box, baffle, goes up the box, lower box, adsorption equipment, multicylinder formula sampling device, unmanned aerial vehicle's bottom is equipped with the connecting rod, the lower extreme of connecting rod links to each other with the seal box, be equipped with a baffle in the seal box, the baffle separates the seal box for last box and lower box, upward be equipped with adsorption equipment in the box, be equipped with multicylinder formula sampling device in the lower box.
Furthermore, the multi-cylinder sampling device comprises an air inlet hole, an air inlet pipe, an air inlet fan, an air inlet cylinder, a first piston, a double-rod cylinder, a compression cylinder, a second piston, a connecting pipe, a sampling cylinder, a third piston and an air outlet pipe, wherein the air inlet hole is formed in the side wall of the right side of the lower box body, the air inlet hole is connected with the right end of the air inlet pipe, the air inlet fan is installed in the air inlet pipe, the left end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the air inlet cylinder, the air inlet cylinder is internally provided with the matched first piston, and the first piston can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the air inlet cylinder; the left side of the air inlet cylinder is provided with a double-rod air cylinder, the left side of the double-rod air cylinder is provided with a compression cylinder, a matched second piston is arranged in the compression cylinder, the second piston can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the compression cylinder, the double-rod air cylinder is provided with two air cylinder push rods, the right end of the double-rod air cylinder is connected with the first piston, and the left end of the double-rod air cylinder is connected with the second piston; the compression cylinder is communicated with the sampling cylinder through a connecting pipe, the sampling cylinder is communicated with the air inlet cylinder, a third piston is arranged in the sampling cylinder, the third piston can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the sampling cylinder, and the upper end of the sampling cylinder is connected with the air outlet pipe.
Preferably, the air inlet cylinder, the compression cylinder and the sampling cylinder are all cylindrical hollow box bodies, the first piston, the second piston and the third piston are all round pistons, and sealing rings are installed on the peripheries of the first piston, the second piston and the third piston.
Furthermore, the air inlet cylinder is vertically connected with the sampling cylinder, the cross section area of the sampling cylinder is twice of that of the air inlet cylinder, and the cross section area of the compression cylinder is twice of that of the sampling cylinder.
Furthermore, the air outlet pipe is a conical pipe, the upper end of the air outlet pipe is small, the lower end of the air outlet pipe is large, the lower end of the air outlet pipe is connected with the sampling cylinder, and the upper end of the air outlet pipe penetrates through the partition plate and extends into the upper box body.
Furthermore, the adsorption device comprises a U-shaped pipe, a piston ring, an elevating pipe, a support, a sliding wheel, a linear cylinder, a mounting groove, a roller, a collecting water tank, a cross rod, a vertical rod and an arc-shaped guide rail, wherein the U-shaped pipe is vertically and downwards mounted at the top of the upper box body, one end of the U-shaped pipe is communicated with an air outlet pipe in the multi-cylinder type sampling device, the piston ring capable of sliding up and down is mounted in the other end of the U-shaped pipe and connected with the elevating pipe, the support is mounted outside the elevating pipe, and the sliding wheel is mounted at the lower end of the support; the utility model discloses a collection water tank, including straight line cylinder, installation groove, gyro wheel, collection water tank, straight line cylinder fixed mounting is on the baffle of last bottom half, the push rod of straight line cylinder links to each other with a plurality of mounting groove is fixed, the mounting groove is arranged along the direction of push rod straight line, and it is fixed continuous through the horizontal pole each other between a plurality of mounting groove, the gyro wheel is installed to the bottom surface of mounting groove, the collection water tank has been placed in the mounting groove, be equipped with the absorption liquid in the collection water tank, the side of mounting groove is equipped with perpendicular ascending montant, the arc guide rail is installed to the upper end of montant, arc guide rail and movable pulley looks adaptation.
Further, the mounting groove is upper portion open-ended square groove, it is upper portion open-ended square box to gather the water tank, the bottom surface area of gathering the water tank slightly is less than the open area of mounting groove, it is equipped with weighing transducer to gather between the bottom surface of water tank and the mounting groove.
Preferably, adsorption equipment includes frame, micro motor, action wheel, follows driving wheel, drive belt, clamping, baffle, adsorption plate, frame fixed mounting is in last box, the right-hand member of frame is equipped with from the driving wheel, the left end of frame is equipped with the action wheel, the action wheel links to each other with micro motor, the action wheel passes through the drive belt and links to each other from the driving wheel, install a plurality of evenly distributed's baffle on the drive belt, be equipped with a clamping between per two baffles, the upper portion of clamping is fixed on the drive belt, movable mounting has the adsorption plate in the clamping.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a high-altitude sampler for collecting black carbon, which comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein a closed box is arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle and is divided into an upper box body and a lower box body, an adsorption device is arranged in the upper box body, and a multi-cylinder sampling device is arranged in the lower box body.
The multi-cylinder sampling device comprises an air inlet pipe, an air inlet fan, an air inlet cylinder, a first piston, a double-rod cylinder, a compression cylinder, a second piston, a connecting pipe, a sampling cylinder, a third piston and an air outlet pipe. When the air inlet fan and the double-rod cylinder are started simultaneously, high-altitude atmospheric samples enter the air inlet cylinder through the air inlet pipe, the double-rod cylinder drives the first piston and the second piston to move leftwards, the air inlet volume in the air inlet cylinder is enlarged, the high-altitude atmospheric samples are made to enter, meanwhile, the second piston compresses air in the compression cylinder, the compressed air enters the sampling cylinder through the connecting pipe, the third piston is pushed to move upwards, and the sampling cylinder is communicated with the air inlet cylinder in a cross mode, so that the high-altitude atmospheric samples in the air inlet cylinder enter the upper box body from the air outlet pipe.
In the first embodiment, the adsorption device in the upper box body comprises a U-shaped pipe, a piston ring, a lifting pipe, a support, a sliding wheel, a linear cylinder, a mounting groove, a roller, a collection water tank, a cross rod, a vertical rod and an arc-shaped guide rail. The high-altitude atmosphere sample enters the U-shaped pipe in the upper box body from the air outlet pipe and then enters the lifting pipe from the other end of the U-shaped pipe. When the collection water tank that will install the mounting groove and be located the mounting groove when the sharp cylinder promotes the U-shaped pipe below, because the externally mounted of fall way has support and movable pulley, the movable pulley slides in gathering the water tank along the arc guide rail of mounting groove side, makes in the fall way inserts the adsorption liquid in gathering the water tank, and high altitude atmosphere sample spouts from the fall way, produces a large amount of bubbles in gathering the water tank, and the bubble is at the in-process of rupture and diffusion, mixes with the adsorption liquid, forms a micro-aeration's effect, makes the adsorption liquid absorb, dissolve the black carbon granule in the high altitude atmosphere appearance and attached to the harmful substance on black carbon granule surface fully. When the air sample of co-altitude or different time points need to be gathered, the unmanned aerial vehicle vertical lift of operatable, or lateral motion, the straight line cylinder cooperation motion in the sample thief promotes the collection water tank of difference to U-shaped pipe below simultaneously, makes the different air samples of gathering absorb the dissolution by the collection water tank of difference to realize the air sample gradient collection of different high altitude positions or different time points. The black carbon content and the harmful substances collected by the plurality of collecting water tanks are detected and analyzed, so that the data of the black carbon content and the harmful substances can be accurately obtained, and the change trend of the black carbon content can be recorded. And the accuracy of the data can be further improved by an averaging method. The problems of interference of harmful substances adsorbed on the surfaces of the black carbon particles on optical measurement and inaccurate data in the existing optical gray scale measurement process are solved, and the defect that the existing sampler is difficult to simultaneously detect and analyze the black carbon and the harmful substances in the high-altitude atmosphere is overcome. When necessary, still can set up weighing transducer between the bottom surface of gathering the water tank and the mounting groove, carry out on-line weighing to gathering water tank and adsorption liquid to the quality of black carbon and harmful substance is recorded and is shown on line, in time detects out the content of black carbon and harmful substance in the high altitude atmosphere sample.
In embodiment two, go up the adsorption equipment in the box and include frame, micro motor, action wheel, follow driving wheel, drive belt, clamping, baffle, adsorption plate, when micro motor started, drive from the driving wheel rotation through action wheel, drive belt, because install a plurality of evenly distributed's baffle and clamping on the drive belt, and movable mounting has the adsorption plate in the clamping. When the high-altitude atmosphere sample enters the upper box body from the air outlet pipe, the high-altitude atmosphere sample is directly sprayed onto the adsorption plate. Unmanned aerial vehicle is in different high altitude positions or different time points, and micro motor drives drive belt and adsorption plate motion to adsorb corresponding high altitude gas sample on the adsorption plate of difference. The adsorption plate is taken out from the clamp for detection and analysis, so that the content of the black carbon in the high-altitude atmosphere and the content of the harmful substances adsorbed on the surface of the black carbon corresponding to different high-altitude positions or different time points can be detected. The invention can also carry out average value analysis on the contents of the black carbon and the harmful substances adsorbed by different adsorption plates, thereby further improving the accuracy of the data.
Different from most atmospheric pollutants, the black carbon has short retention time in the atmosphere, presents high nonlinear, variability and non-stationary characteristics in high altitude, and is difficult to obtain accurate information of spatial-temporal distribution and evolution trend. The invention breaks through the design structure of the existing collecting device, compresses the collected high-altitude atmospheric sample into the upper box body by utilizing the interaction of the air inlet cylinder, the compression cylinder and the sampling cylinder, and skillfully collects the high-altitude atmospheric sample by the adsorption devices in the upper box body in two different collecting modes. The invention has novel design and skillful acquisition, and solves the problems of great change of black carbon, difficult accurate acquisition, great data error and incapability of acquiring and analyzing the change trend of the black carbon in the prior art. The invention can obtain accurate information of the spatial and temporal distribution and the evolution trend of the black carbon, and provides a sampling and analyzing means for human to objectively know the environmental and climate change of the black carbon aerosol. In addition, on the one hand, the problem of interference of harmful substances adsorbed on the surfaces of black carbon particles to optical measurement in the existing optical gray scale measurement process is avoided, and the black carbon and the harmful substances in the high-altitude atmosphere can be simultaneously collected, detected and analyzed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-cylinder sampling device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an adsorption apparatus in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an adsorption apparatus in embodiment 2.
In the attached drawings, 1-an unmanned aerial vehicle, 2-a connecting rod, 3-a closed box, 4-a clapboard, 5-an upper box, 6-a lower box, 7-a multi-cylinder sampling device, 8-an adsorption device, 9-an air inlet cylinder, 10-a compression cylinder, 11-a sampling cylinder, 12-a double-rod cylinder, 13-an air inlet hole, 14-an air inlet pipe, 15-an air inlet fan, 16-an air outlet pipe, 17-a first piston, 18-a second piston, 19-a third piston, 20-a connecting pipe, 21-a U-shaped pipe, 22-a pipe clamp, 23-a pipe, 24-a lifting pipe, 25-a bracket, 26-a sliding wheel, 27-a vertical rod, 28-an arc guide rail, 29-a linear cylinder, 30-a push rod, 31-a mounting groove, 32-a collecting water tank, 33-a cross rod, 34-a roller, 35-a weight sensor, 36-a rack, 37-driving wheel, 38-driven wheel, 39-transmission belt, 40-micro motor, 41-baffle, 42-clamping, 43-adsorption plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the high-altitude sampler for collecting black carbon comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a connecting rod 2, a closed box 3, a partition plate 4, an upper box body 5, a lower box body 6, an adsorption device 8 and a multi-cylinder sampling device 7. The unmanned aerial vehicle 1 is an unmanned aerial vehicle operated by utilizing a radio remote control device and a self-contained program control device, and comprises a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a rotor unmanned aerial vehicle 1, an unmanned airship, an umbrella-wing unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a flapping-wing unmanned aerial vehicle 1 and the like. Unmanned aerial vehicle 1's bottom is equipped with connecting rod 2, connecting rod 2 adopts hollow stainless steel pipe or plastic tubing preparation to form, and the upper end of connecting rod 2 passes through the bolt and links to each other with unmanned aerial vehicle 1, and the lower extreme of connecting rod 2 links to each other with seal box 3 through welding or bolted connection's mode. The closed box 3 is a metal hollow box body or a plastic hollow box body, a partition plate 4 is arranged in the middle of the closed box 3 in a welding mode, a bolt connection mode or an integral injection molding mode, the closed box 3 is divided into an upper box body 5 and a lower box body 6 by the partition plate 4, an adsorption device 8 is arranged in the upper box body 5, and a multi-cylinder type sampling device 7 is arranged in the lower box body 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the multi-cylinder sampling device 7 includes an air inlet 13, an air inlet pipe 14, an air inlet fan 15, an air inlet cylinder 9, a first piston 17, a double-rod cylinder 12, a compression cylinder 10, a second piston 18, a connecting pipe 20, a sampling cylinder 11, a third piston 19, and an air outlet pipe 16. The air inlet 13 is arranged on the side wall of the right side of the lower box body 6, and the air inlet 13 is connected with the right end of an air inlet pipe 14 positioned inside the lower box body 6. An air inlet fan 15 is installed in the air inlet pipe 14, and the left end of the air inlet pipe 14 is communicated with the air inlet cylinder 9. The air inlet cylinder 9 is an aluminum alloy cylinder or a high-strength plastic cylinder, the air inlet cylinder 9 is in a hollow cylindrical shape, and a first piston 17 matched with the air inlet cylinder is arranged inside the air inlet cylinder 9. The first piston 17 is a circular piston, a sealing ring is mounted on the periphery of the first piston 17, and the first piston 17 can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the intake cylinder 9. It should be noted that the air supply fan 15 may be replaced by an air supply pump or other air supply device.
The left side of the inlet cylinder 9 is provided with a double rod cylinder 12, and the left side of the double rod cylinder 12 is provided with a compression cylinder 10. The compression cylinder 10 is also an aluminum alloy cylinder or a high-strength plastic cylinder, the compression cylinder 10 is a hollow cylindrical cylinder body, a second piston 18 matched with the compression cylinder 10 is arranged in the compression cylinder 10, the second piston 18 is also a circular piston, a sealing ring is arranged on the periphery of the second piston 18, and the second piston 18 can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the compression cylinder 10.
The double-rod cylinder 12 is provided with two cylinder push rods 30, the right end of the double-rod cylinder 12 is connected with the first piston 17, and the left end of the double-rod cylinder 12 is connected with the second piston 18. The compression cylinder 10 is communicated with the sampling cylinder 11 through a connecting pipe 20, and the connecting pipe 20 is a hose. The sampling cylinder 11 is vertically connected with the air inlet cylinder 9 and communicated with the inside, and the sampling cylinder 11 is also an aluminum alloy cylinder or a high-strength plastic cylinder. Sampling jar 11 is hollow cylindrical cylinder body, is equipped with third piston 19 in sampling jar 11, third piston 19 also is circular piston, and the sealing ring is installed to third piston 19's periphery, just third piston 19 can be followed sampling jar 11 inner wall and slided back and forth. The upper end of sampling jar 11 links to each other with outlet duct 16, outlet duct 16 is the toper pipe, and the upper end is little, the lower extreme is big, the lower extreme of outlet duct 16 links to each other with sampling jar 11, the upper end of outlet duct 16 passes baffle 4 and stretches into in the upper box 5.
During manufacture, the cross-sectional area of the sampling cylinder 11 is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the inlet cylinder 9, and the cross-sectional area of the compression cylinder 10 is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the sampling cylinder 11. Therefore, the high-altitude atmosphere collecting capacity of the air inlet cylinder 9 can be improved, and the pressure of the high-altitude atmosphere sample output by the air outlet pipe 16 of the sampling cylinder 11 can be improved, so that the adsorption device 8 has stronger adsorption and collection capacity on black carbon in the high-altitude atmosphere sample. Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sampling cylinder 11 is twice the cross-sectional area of the inlet cylinder 9 and the cross-sectional area of the compression cylinder 10 is twice the cross-sectional area of the sampling cylinder 11.
As shown in fig. 3, the adsorption device 8 includes a U-shaped tube 21, a piston ring 23, an elevator tube 24, a bracket 25, a sliding wheel 26, a linear cylinder 29, a mounting groove 31, a roller 34, a collection water tank 32, a cross bar 33, a vertical bar 27, an arc-shaped guide rail 28, and a weight sensor 35. The U-shaped pipe 21 is a hollow plastic pipe or an aluminum alloy pipe, the U-shaped pipe 21 is vertically installed downwards, and the top of the U-shaped pipe 21 is fixed on the top of the upper box body 5 through a pipe clamp 22. One end of the U-shaped pipe 21 is communicated with the air outlet pipe 16 in the multi-cylinder sampling device 7, and a piston ring 23 capable of sliding up and down is installed in the other end of the U-shaped pipe 21. The piston ring 23 is adhesively connected to the upper end of the elevator tube 24, or the piston ring 23 is mounted on the upper end of the elevator tube 24 by interference fit. The outer part of the lifting pipe 24 is provided with a bracket 25 by gluing, welding or integral injection molding, and the lower end of the bracket 25 is provided with a sliding wheel 26.
The linear air cylinder 29 is fixedly installed on the partition plate 4 at the bottom of the upper box body 5 through bolts, a push rod 30 of the linear air cylinder 29 is fixedly connected with a plurality of installation grooves 31, the installation grooves 31 are arranged in a linear mode along the direction of the push rod 30, and the installation grooves 31 are mutually and fixedly connected through a cross rod 33. The mounting groove 31 is a square groove with an open upper portion, and the collection water tank 32 is a square box body with an open upper portion. Gyro wheel 34 is installed to the bottom surface of mounting groove 31, collection water tank 32 has been placed in the mounting groove 31, the bottom surface area of collection water tank 32 slightly is less than the open area of mounting groove 31, is equipped with weighing transducer 35 between collection water tank 32's bottom surface and the mounting groove 31, is equipped with the adsorption liquid in the collection water tank 32. The adsorption liquid is pure water or deionized water added with 1-5% of sodium chloride. Preferably, the adsorption liquid comprises the following components (by mass percent): linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid 8-15%; 7-14% of fatty alcohol ether sodium sulfate; 0.01 to 0.2 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium; deionized water was added to 100%. Adding deionized water into a mixing pot, heating to 60-70 ℃, adding linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, fatty alcohol ether sodium sulfate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid while stirring, cooling, clarifying and transparent.
Install perpendicular ascending montant 27 through moulding plastics, or the mode of fix with screw at the side of mounting groove 31, arc guide rail 28 is installed to the upper end of montant 27, montant 27 is the plastics pole, arc guide rail 28 is the plastics guide rail, montant 27 moulds plastics as an organic whole with arc guide rail 28, arc guide rail 28 and movable pulley 26 looks adaptation. It should be noted that the vertical rod 27 and the arc-shaped guide rail 28 may also be made of aluminum alloy material, and the two are connected by welding.
When the air inlet fan 15 and the double-rod cylinder 12 are started simultaneously, a high-altitude atmosphere sample enters the air inlet cylinder 9 through the air inlet pipe 14, the double-rod cylinder 12 drives the first piston 17 and the second piston 18 to move leftwards, so that the air inlet volume in the air inlet cylinder 9 is enlarged, the high-altitude atmosphere sample is promoted to enter, meanwhile, the second piston 18 compresses air in the compression cylinder 10, the compressed air enters the sampling cylinder 11 through the connecting pipe 20, the third piston 19 is pushed to move upwards, and the sampling cylinder 11 is communicated with the air inlet cylinder 9 in a crossed mode, so that the high-altitude atmosphere sample in the air inlet cylinder 9 enters the U-shaped pipe 21 of the upper box body 5 from the air outlet pipe 16 and then enters the lifting pipe 24 from the other end of the U-shaped pipe 21. When the linear cylinder 29 pushes the installation groove 31 and the collection water tank 32 positioned in the installation groove 31 to the lower part of the U-shaped pipe 21, the bracket 25 and the sliding wheel 26 are installed outside the lifting pipe 24, the sliding wheel 26 slides into the collection water tank 32 along the arc-shaped guide rail 28 on the side surface of the installation groove 31, so that the lifting pipe 24 is inserted into the adsorption liquid in the collection water tank 32, the high-altitude atmosphere sample is sprayed out from the lifting pipe 24, a large amount of bubbles are generated in the collection water tank 32, and the bubbles are mixed with the adsorption liquid in the process of breaking and diffusing to form a micro-aeration effect, so that the adsorption liquid can sufficiently absorb and dissolve the black carbon particles in the high-altitude atmosphere sample and the harmful substances attached to the surfaces of the black carbon particles. When needing to gather the air sample of different height or different time points, operatable unmanned aerial vehicle 1 vertical lift, or lateral motion, the straight line cylinder 29 cooperation motion in the sample thief simultaneously promotes different collection water tank 32 to U-shaped pipe 21 below, makes the different air samples of gathering gathered absorb the dissolution by different collection water tank 32 to realize the air sample collection of different high altitude positions or different time points. The black carbon content and the harmful substances collected by the plurality of collecting water tanks 32 are detected and analyzed, so that the data of the black carbon content and the harmful substances can be accurately obtained, and the change trend of the black carbon content can be recorded. And the accuracy of the data can be further improved by an averaging method. The problems of interference of harmful substances adsorbed on the surfaces of the black carbon particles on optical measurement and inaccurate data in the existing optical gray scale measurement process are solved, and the defect that the existing sampler is difficult to simultaneously detect and analyze the black carbon and the harmful substances in the high-altitude atmosphere is overcome. When necessary, still can set up weighing sensor 35 between the bottom surface of gathering water tank 32 and mounting groove 31, carry out on-line weighing to gathering water tank 32 and adsorption liquid to the quality of black carbon and harmful substance is recorded and is shown on line, in time detects out the content of black carbon and harmful substance in the high altitude atmosphere sample.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, a high altitude sample thief for black carbon is gathered, includes unmanned aerial vehicle 1, connecting rod 2, seal box 3, baffle 4, goes up box 5, lower box 6, adsorption equipment 8, multicylinder sampling device 7. The unmanned aerial vehicle 1 is an unmanned aerial vehicle operated by utilizing a radio remote control device and a self-contained program control device, and comprises a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a rotor unmanned aerial vehicle 1, an unmanned airship, an umbrella-wing unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a flapping-wing unmanned aerial vehicle 1 and the like. Unmanned aerial vehicle 1's bottom is equipped with connecting rod 2, connecting rod 2 adopts hollow stainless steel pipe or plastic tubing preparation to form, and the upper end of connecting rod 2 passes through the bolt and links to each other with unmanned aerial vehicle 1, and the lower extreme of connecting rod 2 links to each other with seal box 3 through welding or bolted connection's mode. The closed box 3 is a metal hollow box body or a plastic hollow box body, a partition plate 4 is arranged in the middle of the closed box 3 in a welding mode, a bolt connection mode or an integral injection molding mode, the closed box 3 is divided into an upper box body 5 and a lower box body 6 by the partition plate 4, an adsorption device 8 is arranged in the upper box body 5, and a multi-cylinder type sampling device 7 is arranged in the lower box body 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the multi-cylinder sampling device 7 includes an air inlet 13, an air inlet pipe 14, an air inlet fan 15, an air inlet cylinder 9, a first piston 17, a double-rod cylinder 12, a compression cylinder 10, a second piston 18, a connecting pipe 20, a sampling cylinder 11, a third piston 19, and an air outlet pipe 16. The air inlet cylinder 9, the compression cylinder 10, the sampling cylinder 11 and the double-rod air cylinder 12 are fixedly mounted on the side wall of the rear face of the lower box body 6 through bolts. The air inlet 13 is arranged on the side wall of the right side of the lower box body 6, the air inlet 13 is connected with the right end of an air inlet pipe 14 positioned inside the lower box body 6, and the left end of the air inlet pipe 14 is communicated with the air inlet cylinder 9. The air inlet cylinder 9 is an aluminum alloy cylinder or a high-strength plastic cylinder, the air inlet cylinder 9 is in a hollow cylindrical shape, and a first piston 17 matched with the air inlet cylinder is arranged inside the air inlet cylinder 9. The first piston 17 is a circular piston, a sealing ring is mounted on the periphery of the first piston 17, and the first piston 17 can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the intake cylinder 9.
The left side of the inlet cylinder 9 is provided with a double rod cylinder 12, and the left side of the double rod cylinder 12 is provided with a compression cylinder 10. The compression cylinder 10 is also an aluminum alloy cylinder or a high-strength plastic cylinder, the compression cylinder 10 is a hollow cylindrical cylinder body, a second piston 18 matched with the compression cylinder 10 is arranged in the compression cylinder 10, the second piston 18 is also a circular piston, a sealing ring is arranged on the periphery of the second piston 18, and the second piston 18 can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the compression cylinder 10.
The double-rod cylinder 12 is provided with two cylinder push rods 30, the right end of the double-rod cylinder 12 is connected with the first piston 17, and the left end of the double-rod cylinder 12 is connected with the second piston 18. The compression cylinder 10 is communicated with the sampling cylinder 11 through a connecting pipe 20, and the connecting pipe 20 is a hose. The sampling cylinder 11 is vertically connected with the air inlet cylinder 9 and communicated with the inside, and the sampling cylinder 11 is also an aluminum alloy cylinder or a high-strength plastic cylinder. Sampling jar 11 is hollow cylindrical cylinder body, is equipped with third piston 19 in sampling jar 11, third piston 19 also is circular piston, and the sealing ring is installed to third piston 19's periphery, just third piston 19 can be followed sampling jar 11 inner wall and slided back and forth. The upper end of sampling jar 11 links to each other with outlet duct 16, outlet duct 16 is the toper pipe, and the upper end is little, the lower extreme is big, the lower extreme of outlet duct 16 links to each other with sampling jar 11, the upper end of outlet duct 16 passes baffle 4 and stretches into in the upper box 5.
The cross-sectional area of the sampling cylinder 11 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the inlet cylinder 9, so that the cross-sectional area of the compression cylinder 10 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the sampling cylinder 11. Therefore, the high-altitude atmosphere collecting capacity of the air inlet cylinder 9 can be improved, and the pressure of the high-altitude atmosphere sample output by the air outlet pipe 16 of the sampling cylinder 11 can be improved, so that the adsorption device 8 has stronger adsorption and collection capacity on black carbon in the high-altitude atmosphere sample. Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the sampling cylinder 11 is twice the cross-sectional area of the inlet cylinder 9 and the cross-sectional area of the compression cylinder 10 is twice the cross-sectional area of the sampling cylinder 11.
As shown in fig. 5, the suction device 8 includes a frame 36, a micro motor 40, a driving wheel 37, a driven wheel 38, a driving belt 39, a clip 42, a baffle plate 41, and a suction plate 43. The frame 36 is a plastic frame 36 and is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the upper box 5 through screws, a driven wheel 38 is arranged at the right end of the frame 36, and a driving wheel 37 is arranged at the left end of the frame 36. The driving wheel 37 is connected with a micro motor 40, and the driving wheel 37 is connected with a driven wheel 38 through a transmission belt 39. The transmission belt 39 is a leather transmission belt 39, a rubber transmission belt 39 or a plastic transmission belt 39, and a plurality of baffle plates 41 and clamping clips 42 which are uniformly distributed are arranged on the transmission belt 39 in a gluing or screw fixing mode. A clamp 42 is arranged between every two baffle plates 41, an adsorption plate 43 is arranged in the clamp 42, and the adsorption plate 43 is arranged in the clamp 42 in a clamping or inserting mode. The adsorption plate 43 is a rectangular plastic plate, one surface of the adsorption plate 43 is adhered with solid glue or adhesive resin, and the other surface of the adsorption plate 43 is connected with the transmission belt 39 in a gluing or screw fixing mode. Preferably, the adhesive resin comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90-45 parts of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, 30-6 parts of styrene polymer resin and 15-1 part of polyethylene, wherein the sum of the components is 100 parts.
In this embodiment, the high-altitude atmospheric sample enters the upper box 5 through the air outlet pipe 16 and is directly sprayed onto the adsorption plate 43. Unmanned aerial vehicle 1 is in different high altitude positions or different time points, and micro motor 40 drives drive belt 39 and the corresponding motion of adsorption plate 43 to adsorb corresponding high altitude gas sample on different adsorption plate 43. The adsorption plate 43 is taken out from the clamp 42 for detection and analysis, so that the content of the black carbon in the high-altitude atmosphere and the content of the harmful substances adsorbed on the surface of the black carbon corresponding to different high-altitude positions or different time points can be detected. The invention can also carry out average value analysis on the contents of the black carbon and the harmful substances adsorbed by different adsorption plates 43, thereby further improving the accuracy of the data.
The invention breaks through the design structure of the existing collecting device, compresses the collected high-altitude atmospheric sample into the upper box body 5 by utilizing the interaction of the three cylinder bodies of the air inlet cylinder 9, the compression cylinder 10 and the sampling cylinder 11, and skillfully collects the high-altitude atmospheric sample by the adsorption devices 8 with two different collecting modes arranged in the upper box body 5. If necessary, the adsorption device 8 of the second embodiment of the invention can be rotated to be vertically installed at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1, so that gradient sampling at the same time point and different heights can be realized. The invention has novel design and skillful acquisition, and solves the problems that the change of black carbon is large and difficult to accurately acquire, the data error is large, and the change trend of the black carbon cannot be described in the prior art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It should be noted that the present invention may be practiced using conventional techniques, which are not specifically described. The power devices of the air inlet fan, the double-rod cylinder, the micro motor, the linear cylinder and the like are all powered by a power system of the unmanned aerial vehicle, or the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with an electricity storage device which provides driving electric energy. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high altitude sample thief for black carbon is gathered which characterized in that: the device comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a connecting rod, a closed box, a partition plate, an upper box body, a lower box body, an adsorption device and a multi-cylinder sampling device, wherein the connecting rod is arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the multi-cylinder sampling device comprises an air inlet hole, an air inlet pipe, an air inlet fan, an air inlet cylinder, a first piston, a double-rod cylinder, a compression cylinder, a second piston, a connecting pipe, a sampling cylinder, a third piston and an air outlet pipe, wherein the air inlet hole is formed in the side wall of the right side of the lower box body, the air inlet hole is connected with the right end of the air inlet pipe, the air inlet fan is installed in the air inlet pipe, the left end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the air inlet cylinder, the air inlet cylinder is internally provided with the matched first piston, and the first piston can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the air inlet cylinder; the left side of the air inlet cylinder is provided with a double-rod air cylinder, the left side of the double-rod air cylinder is provided with a compression cylinder, a matched second piston is arranged in the compression cylinder, the second piston can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the compression cylinder, the double-rod air cylinder is provided with two air cylinder push rods, the right end of the double-rod air cylinder is connected with the first piston, and the left end of the double-rod air cylinder is connected with the second piston; the compression cylinder is communicated with the sampling cylinder through a connecting pipe, the sampling cylinder is communicated with the air inlet cylinder, a third piston is arranged in the sampling cylinder, the third piston can slide back and forth along the inner wall of the sampling cylinder, and the upper end of the sampling cylinder is connected with the air outlet pipe.
2. An overhead sampler for black carbon collection as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the air inlet cylinder, the compression cylinder and the sampling cylinder are cylindrical hollow boxes, the first piston, the second piston and the third piston are all round pistons, and sealing rings are installed on the peripheries of the first piston, the second piston and the third piston.
3. An overhead sampler for black carbon collection as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the air inlet cylinder is vertically connected with the sampling cylinder, the cross section area of the sampling cylinder is twice that of the air inlet cylinder, and the cross section area of the compression cylinder is twice that of the sampling cylinder.
4. An overhead sampler for black carbon collection as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the gas outlet pipe is a conical pipe, the upper end of the gas outlet pipe is small, the lower end of the gas outlet pipe is large, the lower end of the gas outlet pipe is connected with the sampling cylinder, and the upper end of the gas outlet pipe penetrates through the partition plate and extends into the upper box body.
5. An overhead sampler for black carbon collection as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the adsorption device comprises a U-shaped pipe, a piston ring, a lifting pipe, a support, a sliding wheel, a linear air cylinder, a mounting groove, a roller, a collecting water tank, a cross rod, a vertical rod and an arc-shaped guide rail, wherein the U-shaped pipe is vertically and downwards mounted at the top of an upper box body, one end of the U-shaped pipe is communicated with an air outlet pipe in the multi-cylinder type sampling device, the piston ring capable of sliding up and down is mounted in the other end of the U-shaped pipe, the piston ring is connected with the lifting pipe, the support is mounted outside the lifting pipe, and the sliding wheel is mounted at the lower end of the support; the utility model discloses a collection water tank, including straight line cylinder, installation groove, gyro wheel, collection water tank, straight line cylinder fixed mounting is on the baffle of last bottom half, the push rod of straight line cylinder links to each other with a plurality of mounting groove is fixed, the mounting groove is arranged along the direction of push rod straight line, and it is fixed continuous through the horizontal pole each other between a plurality of mounting groove, the gyro wheel is installed to the bottom surface of mounting groove, the collection water tank has been placed in the mounting groove, be equipped with the absorption liquid in the collection water tank, the side of mounting groove is equipped with perpendicular ascending montant, the arc guide rail is installed to the upper end of montant, arc guide rail and movable pulley looks adaptation.
6. An overhead sampler for black carbon collection as claimed in claim 5 wherein: the mounting groove is upper portion open-ended square groove, it is upper portion open-ended square box to gather the water tank, the bottom surface area of gathering the water tank slightly is less than the open area of mounting groove, it is equipped with weighing transducer to gather between the bottom surface of water tank and the mounting groove.
7. An overhead sampler for black carbon collection as claimed in claim 1 wherein: adsorption equipment includes frame, micro motor, action wheel, follows driving wheel, drive belt, clamping, baffle, adsorption plate, frame fixed mounting is in last box, the right-hand member of frame is equipped with from the driving wheel, the left end of frame is equipped with the action wheel, the action wheel links to each other with micro motor, the action wheel passes through the drive belt and links to each other from the driving wheel, install a plurality of evenly distributed's baffle on the drive belt, be equipped with a clamping between per two baffles, the upper portion of clamping is fixed on the drive belt, movable mounting has the adsorption plate in the clamping.
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| CN113358425B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-01-24 | 陕西省环境科学研究院 | Flare gas discharge gas sampling device and monitoring method based on unmanned aerial vehicle |
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| CN104483423B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-03-09 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Sample collection and thermal desorption sampling device and method and trace detection equipment |
| CN205844035U (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-28 | 安徽宏远职业卫生技术服务有限公司 | A kind of multi-level gas sampling apparatus |
| CN106546453B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-01-01 | 吉首大学 | A kind of sampling apparatus obtaining different wind strong persistence organic pollutants |
| CN106525521A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-22 | 南京信息工程大学 | Gas acquisition and detection device and use method thereof |
| CN206255197U (en) * | 2016-12-18 | 2017-06-16 | 云南高科新农科技有限公司 | A kind of many rotor air quality sampling unmanned planes |
| CN107631913B (en) * | 2017-08-20 | 2020-04-17 | 泉州味盛食品有限公司 | High-altitude gradient type atmosphere sampler based on unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN208270279U (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-12-21 | 河北润峰环境检测服务有限公司 | A kind of environment measuring gas multiple spot bit synchronization atmosphere sampler |
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