CN109736778B - Infrared monitoring device and method for hydration deformation of well bore - Google Patents
Infrared monitoring device and method for hydration deformation of well bore Download PDFInfo
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- CN109736778B CN109736778B CN201910156013.0A CN201910156013A CN109736778B CN 109736778 B CN109736778 B CN 109736778B CN 201910156013 A CN201910156013 A CN 201910156013A CN 109736778 B CN109736778 B CN 109736778B
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- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 73
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for monitoring the hydration deformation of a well, wherein the device comprises the following components: an outer cylinder having a sealed inner cavity; the loading mechanism is arranged in the sealed inner cavity and is provided with a shaft pressure loading piece and a confining pressure loading piece; the confining pressure loading piece is provided with two confining pressure half molds which can be opened and closed, the two confining pressure half molds are arranged on the periphery of the core to be measured in a surrounding mode, and the axial pressure loading piece can be axially movably arranged at the upper end of the core to be measured; the liquid injection mechanism is provided with a sealing liquid pool and a liquid guide tube, the sealing liquid pool is connected to the top end of the outer barrel body, one end of the liquid guide tube is connected with the sealing liquid pool, and the other end of the liquid guide tube can extend into the rock core to be measured; the monitoring mechanism is provided with an electrode and an infrared monitor, the electrode is arranged above the hole of the rock core to be measured, and the infrared monitor is arranged in the hole of the rock core to be measured. The invention can simulate the situation that the hole of the core to be tested is deformed under the condition of soaking water and monitor the hole of the core to be tested in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling rock mechanics, in particular to a device and a method for infrared monitoring of borehole hydration deformation.
Background
Along with the national indication of strengthening the development strength of petroleum and natural gas resources, each large petroleum company must increase the development strength of oil gas exploration, and the discovery amount and the yield of the oil gas resources can meet the national strategic requirements and the needs of people by increasing the number of exploratory wells and development wells. Inevitably, reservoirs that were previously difficult to access will be increasingly being incorporated into development targets due to limitations in exploration, drilling, production technology and equipment capabilities. For example, in the Bohai sea and the south sea of China, due to poor shallow layer diagenetic effect or partial horizon crack development and high clay mineral content, large-section borehole collapse instability accidents can occur when drilling the horizons, thus causing downhole drilling tool blocking, poor well cementation quality and the like, and a great deal of time, manpower and material resources are generally spent on site to solve the underground complex condition, so that the time efficiency of drilling and completion operation is extremely low and the operation cost is high. In order to determine the borehole deformation cause of the sensitive area and the distribution rule of the area deformation, it is very necessary to develop a set of indoor experimental device and method capable of monitoring the actual condition inside the borehole in real time, and the device can simulate the actual borehole size to perform full-size indoor mechanical experiment so as to be close to the actual operation condition on site.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for infrared monitoring of borehole hydration deformation, which can simulate the deformation of the hole of a core to be tested under the condition of soaking water in the hole of the core to be tested and monitor the hole of the core to be tested in real time.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a well bore, which comprises:
an outer cylinder having a sealed inner cavity;
the loading mechanism is arranged in the sealed inner cavity and is provided with a shaft pressure loading piece and a confining pressure loading piece; the confining pressure loading piece is provided with two confining pressure half molds capable of being opened and closed, the two confining pressure half molds are arranged on the periphery of the core to be tested in a surrounding mode, and the axial pressure loading piece is arranged at the upper end of the core to be tested in an axially movable mode;
the liquid injection mechanism is provided with a sealing liquid pool and a liquid guide tube, the sealing liquid pool is connected to the top end of the outer cylinder body, one end of the liquid guide tube is connected with the sealing liquid pool, and the other end of the liquid guide tube can extend into the core to be measured;
the monitoring mechanism is provided with an electrode and an infrared monitor, the electrode is arranged above the hole of the core to be detected, and the infrared monitor is arranged in the hole of the core to be detected.
In an embodiment of the invention, the axial compression loading piece comprises a loading body, wherein the loading body is provided with a loading rod and a loading block connected with the loading rod, the lower end surface of the loading block is connected with an axial spacer, and an axial compression heating coil is clamped between the axial spacer and the loading block.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the axial spacer is embedded with a first pressure sensor.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the axial compression loading member further includes an axial compression power component capable of driving the loading body to move along the axial direction of the core to be measured, and the axial compression power component includes:
the support seat is fixedly connected to the top end of the outer cylinder body;
one end of the transmission shaft is rotatably arranged in the supporting seat in a penetrating way, and the other end of the transmission shaft is sleeved with a transmission gear;
the transmission rack can be axially movably arranged on the supporting seat and can be in transmission connection with the transmission gear, and the transmission rack is connected to the end part of the loading rod penetrating out of the outer cylinder body.
In an embodiment of the invention, the infrared monitor is provided with a vertical rod and a radial rod connected to the upper end of the vertical rod, the radial rod is movably connected with an infrared ranging probe, the vertical rod is arranged in an eyelet of the core to be measured in a penetrating way, and the infrared ranging probe is positioned at the upper end of the eyelet.
In an embodiment of the invention, the monitoring mechanism is provided with a bearing base, the loading mechanism and the core to be tested are placed on the bearing base, the bearing base is provided with a mounting groove, and the lower end of the vertical rod of the infrared monitor is connected in the mounting groove.
In an embodiment of the invention, the confining pressure loading member comprises a transmission part and a confining pressure power part; wherein,
the transmission part comprises two transmission rods, one end of each transmission rod is connected to the outer wall of the confining pressure half die, and the other end of each transmission rod is rotatably connected with a lead screw through a transmission bearing;
the confining pressure power component comprises a worm, a forward rotation worm wheel and a reverse rotation worm wheel which are connected to the worm in a transmission way, and two lead screws on two transmission rods are respectively connected in the forward rotation worm wheel and the reverse rotation worm wheel in a penetrating way.
In the embodiment of the invention, two diametrically opposite perforations are arranged on the wall of the outer cylinder, two transmission rods are respectively connected with a limit rod, and the limit rods can be arranged in the perforations in a penetrating way.
In an embodiment of the invention, the confining pressure loading member is provided with two supporting rods which are arranged on the outer sides of the two confining pressure half moulds in a radial opposite mode, one end of each supporting rod is rotatably connected to the confining pressure half mould, and the other end of each supporting rod is connected with a pulley.
In the embodiment of the invention, the inner sides of the two confining pressure half moulds are connected with confining pressure spacers, and confining pressure heating coils are clamped between the confining pressure spacers and the confining pressure half moulds.
In an embodiment of the invention, the confining pressure spacer is embedded with a second pressure sensor.
In an embodiment of the invention, the electrode is connected to the lower end of the axial compression loader.
The invention also provides a monitoring method adopting the infrared monitoring device for the hydration deformation of the well, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a core to be measured in an outer cylinder, recording the initial depth H0 and the initial diameter R0 of an eyelet of the core to be measured, adjusting the initial position of an infrared monitor of a monitoring mechanism to H=H20, and setting the circumferential rotation speed of the infrared monitor;
step S2: injecting fluid into the core to be measured through a fluid injection mechanism, and then applying axial pressure and confining pressure to the core to be measured through an axial pressure loading piece and a confining pressure loading piece of a loading mechanism;
step S3: recording the distance H1 between a measuring point and a position point where the hole of the core to be measured is deformed through the infrared monitor;
step S4: when the distance H1=H20, the infrared monitor continues to rotate along the circumferential direction, H2, H3 and … Hn are obtained at the same time, and when Hn is smaller than H0, the hole of the core to be measured is judged to have contracted;
step S5: and the infrared monitor slides along the radial direction of the axis of the core to be measured until H1=H20 is measured, the displacement W of the infrared monitor moving along the radial direction is monitored and recorded, and the steps S2 to S5 are repeated.
The infrared monitoring device and the infrared monitoring method for the hydration deformation of the well bore have the characteristics and the advantages that: the infrared monitoring device and the infrared monitoring method for the hydration deformation of the well bore are simple and efficient, the real well condition simulation of a single triaxial experiment, a Kaiser effect experiment, a hydration experiment and the like of the large-size core can be carried out through the infrared monitoring device, the deformation condition of the well bore in the large-size core is monitored in real time under the condition of soaking water, and analysis is carried out, so that the deformation reason and the distribution rule of the well bore deformation when the well bore of the block where the core is positioned in the experiment are further defined.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an infrared monitoring device for borehole hydration deformation according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the axial compression loader of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an axial compression power member of the axial compression loader of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of another view of the axial compression power member of the axial compression loader of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the confining pressure loading member of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a confining pressure half module of a confining pressure loading member of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared monitor of the monitoring mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an infrared monitoring device for borehole hydration deformation according to another aspect of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. an outer cylinder; 11. sealing the inner cavity; 12. an outer cylinder body; 121. an upper connecting flange; 13. a lower flange; 131. an outer edge; 14. a top cover; 15. a base; 16. a bolt; 17. a bolt; 18. perforating; 19. a limit rod; 2. a loading mechanism; 21. an axial pressure loading member; 211. loading a body; 2111. a loading rod; 2112. loading a block; 2113. an axial spacer; 2114. shaft pressing a heating coil; 2115. a first pressure sensor; 2116. a groove space; 212. an axle pressure power component; 2121. a support base; 2122. a transmission shaft; 2123. a drive rack; 2124. a transmission gear; 2125. a bearing; 2126. a gear inner cylinder; 22. a confining pressure loading member; 221. enclosing and pressing a half mould; 222. a transmission member; 2221. a transmission rod; 2222. a transmission bearing; 2223. a screw rod; 223. a confining pressure power component; 2231. a worm; 2232. a forward rotation worm wheel; 2233. a reverse rotation worm wheel; 2234. an outer housing; 2235. a worm wheel seat; 2236. a motor; 224. surrounding pressure isolation pads; 225. a confining pressure heating coil; 226. a second pressure sensor; 3. a monitoring mechanism; 31. an electrode; 32. an infrared monitor; 321. a vertical rod; 322. a radial rod; 323. an infrared ranging probe; 33. a load-bearing base; 4. core to be measured; 41. an eyelet; 5. a comprehensive control system; 51. a data collector; 52. a processor; 6. a liquid injection mechanism; 61. sealing the liquid pool; 62. a catheter; 63. an electric valve; 64. a conduit; 7. a balancing mechanism; 71. a support rod; 72. and (3) a pulley.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a borehole, which comprises an outer cylinder 1, a loading mechanism 2, a liquid injection mechanism 6 and a monitoring mechanism 3, wherein: the outer cylinder 1 is provided with a sealed inner cavity 11; a loading mechanism 2 is arranged in the sealed inner cavity 11, and the loading mechanism 2 is provided with an axial pressure loading piece 21 and a confining pressure loading piece 22; the confining pressure loading piece 22 is provided with two confining pressure half molds 221 which can be opened and closed, the two confining pressure half molds 221 are arranged around the periphery of the rock core 4 to be measured, and the axial pressure loading piece 21 is axially movably arranged at the upper end of the rock core 4 to be measured; the liquid injection mechanism 6 is provided with a sealed liquid pool 61 and a liquid guide tube 62, the sealed liquid pool 61 is connected to the top end of the outer cylinder 1, one end of the liquid guide tube 62 is connected with the sealed liquid pool 61, and the other end of the liquid guide tube 62 can extend into the core 4 to be measured; the monitoring mechanism 3 has an electrode 31 and an infrared monitor 32, the electrode 31 is arranged above the hole 41 of the core 4 to be measured, and the infrared monitor 32 is arranged in the hole 41 of the core 4 to be measured.
The infrared monitoring device for the hydration deformation of the well bore is simple and efficient, and can carry out experimental tests on a large-size core, wherein the large-size core can be a cylindrical core 4 to be tested, for example, with the diameter of 6 inches, 8 inches or 12.25 inches, and the height of about 1.5-2 times of the diameter, in the embodiment, the core 4 to be tested is in a cylinder shape with the size of phi 2.54 multiplied by 5cm, and the deformation condition of the hole of the large-size core under the condition of soaking water can be monitored and analyzed in real time, so that the deformation reason of the block of the core 4 to be tested in the experiment under the condition of soaking water and the distribution rule of the deformation of the well bore can be further clarified.
Specifically, the outer cylinder 1 is generally cylindrical, and has an outer cylinder body 12, a lower flange 13 is sealingly connected to the lower end of the outer cylinder body 12, a top cover 14 is sealingly connected to the upper end of the outer cylinder body 12, and a sealing inner cavity 11 is formed in the outer cylinder 1 formed by the top cover 14, the outer cylinder body 12 and the lower flange 13. In the present embodiment, an upper connection flange 121 is formed at the outer edge of the upper end of the outer cylinder body 12, and the top cover 14 is connected to the upper connection flange 121 by a plurality of bolts 16; the lower flange 13 has an outer diameter larger than that of the outer cylinder body 12, and exceeds the outer edge 131 of the outer cylinder body 12 for the purpose of connecting the outer cylinder 1 to the base 15 located below the outer cylinder 1 by a plurality of bolts 17. In the present embodiment, the number of the bolts 16 and the bolts 17 may be 4, 8 or more, respectively, and the plurality of bolts 16 and the plurality of bolts 17 are uniformly and alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the top cover 14 and the lower flange 13, respectively.
The loading mechanism 2 is arranged in the sealed inner cavity 11 of the outer barrel body 1, and the loading mechanism 2 is used for applying loading force to the rock core 4 to be tested so as to meet experimental requirements. The loading mechanism 2 has an axial pressure loading member 21 and a confining pressure loading member 22.
The axial pressure loading piece 21 is axially movably arranged at the upper end of the core 4 to be tested and is used for applying axial loading force to the core 4 to be tested.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the axial compression loading member 21 includes a loading body 211, the loading body 211 has a loading rod 2111 and a loading block 2112 connected to the loading rod 2111, the lower end surface of the loading block 2112 is connected with an axial spacer 2113, and an axial compression heating coil 2114 is sandwiched between the axial spacer 2113 and the loading block 2112. In the present embodiment, the loading block 2112 has a substantially hemispherical shape, although other shapes can be used, and the invention is not limited thereto; the loading rod 2111 is generally cylindrical and is screwed or welded to the upper end of the loading block 2112; the axial spacer 2113 has a certain thickness, and is made of a metal material which is easy to deform, such as lead skin, etc., or the axial spacer 2113 can be a temperature-resistant plastic tube, or the axial spacer 2113 can be a soft bag filled with fine sand particles or high-temperature-resistant oil, and the axial spacer 2113 is not limited herein, so that the upper end face of the core 4 to be measured can be uniformly stressed, and the uneven stress on the upper end face of the core 4 to be measured caused by uneven surface of the core 4 to be measured or uneven lower end face of the loading block 2112 can be avoided; the axial compression heating coils 2114 are uniformly laid and fixed on the bottom end surface of the loading block 2112, namely, between the loading block 2112 and the axial spacer 2113, and the axial compression heating coils 2114 can generate heat after being electrified so as to heat the axial spacer 2113 and the core 4 to be measured wrapped inside.
Further, the axial spacer 2113 has a first pressure sensor 2115 embedded therein. The first pressure sensor 2115 is embedded in the lower end surface of the axial spacer 2113, and the lower end surface of the first pressure sensor 2115 is flush with the lower end surface of the axial spacer 2113, so as to monitor the axial pressure applied to the upper end surface of the core 4 to be measured.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the axial loading member 21 further includes an axial pressure power unit 212 capable of driving the loading body 211 to move along the axial direction of the core 4 to be measured, the axial pressure power unit 212 includes a support 2121, a transmission shaft 2122, and a transmission rack 2123, wherein: the supporting seat 2121 is fixedly connected to the top end of the outer cylinder 1; one end of a transmission shaft 2122 is rotatably arranged in the supporting seat 2121 in a penetrating way, and the other end of the transmission shaft is sleeved with a transmission gear 2124; a drive rack 2123 is axially movably arranged on the support 2121, which drive rack 2123 can be connected to a drive gear 2124, which drive rack 2123 is connected to the end of the loading rod 2111 which protrudes out of the outer cylinder 1.
Specifically, a bearing 2125 is arranged in the supporting seat 2121, one end of a transmission shaft 2122 is arranged in the bearing 2125 in a penetrating manner, the transmission shaft 2122 is tightly matched with an inner ring of the bearing 2125, an outer ring of the bearing 2125 is fixed on the supporting seat 2121, a transmission gear 2124 is sleeved at the other end of the transmission shaft 2122, a gear inner cylinder 2126 is connected to the right end side surface of the transmission gear 2124, the inner diameter of the gear inner cylinder 2126 is the same as the inner diameter of an inner ring of the transmission gear 2124, and the outer diameter of the gear inner cylinder 2126 is smaller than the diameter of the transmission gear 2124; the drive shaft 2122 is closely fitted to the inner ring of the drive gear 2124 and the inner gear cylinder 2126. A drive rack 2123 is engaged with a drive gear 2124 which is movably disposed on the support 2121, the drive rack 2123 being fixedly coupled to the loading rod 2111. The transmission shaft 2122 is driven by a motor to synchronously rotate with the inner ring of the bearing 2125, meanwhile, the transmission gear 2124 is driven to synchronously rotate, the transmission rack 2123 meshed with the transmission gear 2124 is driven by the rotating transmission gear 2124 to move up and down along the support seat 2121, the moving direction of the transmission rack 2123 is the same as the axis direction of the outer cylinder 1, and the transmission rack 2123 is in a limited state on the support seat 2121 and can only move along the vertical direction but cannot laterally move in the horizontal direction.
The confining pressure loading piece 22 is used for applying circumferential loading force to the core 4 to be measured. The confining pressure loading piece 22 is provided with two confining pressure half moulds 221 which can be opened and closed, and the two confining pressure half moulds 221 are arranged around the periphery of the core 4 to be measured.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the confining pressure half die 221 is generally in a semi-annular shape, and the two confining pressure half die 221 are buckled together to form a complete circle so as to be matched with the cylindrical core 4 to be measured, although in other embodiments, the confining pressure half die 221 may be designed into other shapes according to the shape of the core 4 to be measured, so long as the confining pressure half die 221 can enclose the core 4 to be measured and provide a circumferential loading force to the core 4 to be measured, and the shape of the confining pressure half die 221 is not limited.
In the present invention, the inside of each of the two confining pressure half molds 221 is connected with a confining pressure spacer 224, and a confining pressure heating coil 225 is sandwiched between the confining pressure spacer 224 and the confining pressure half mold 221. In this embodiment, the confining pressure spacer 224 has a certain thickness, and is made of a metal material that is easy to deform, such as lead, or the like, or the confining pressure spacer 224 may be a temperature-resistant plastic tube, or the confining pressure spacer 224 may be a soft bag filled with fine sand particles or high-temperature-resistant oil, which is not limited herein, and the confining pressure spacer 224 can ensure that the outer peripheral wall surface of the core 4 to be measured is uniformly stressed, so as to avoid uneven stress on the peripheral wall surface of the core 4 to be measured due to uneven surface of the core 4 to be measured or uneven inner side surface of the confining pressure half mold 221.
In the invention, a second pressure sensor 226 is embedded in the confining pressure spacer 224, the second pressure sensor 226 is embedded in the inner end surface of the confining pressure spacer 224, and the end surface of the second pressure sensor 226 is flush with the inner end surface of the confining pressure spacer 224 so as to monitor the confining pressure of the peripheral wall surface of the core 4 to be measured. The confining pressure heating coils 225 are uniformly laid and fixed on the inner side walls of the confining pressure half die 221, namely between the confining pressure half die 221 and the confining pressure spacer 224, and the confining pressure heating coils 225 can generate heat after being electrified so as to heat the confining pressure spacer 224 and the core 4 to be measured wrapped inside.
Further, in the present invention, the confining pressure loading member 22 further includes a transmission member 222 and a confining pressure power member 223; the transmission component 222 includes two transmission rods 2221, one end of each transmission rod 2221 is connected to the outer wall of the confining pressure half die 221, and the other end of each transmission rod 2221 is rotatably connected with a screw rod 2223 through a transmission bearing 2222; the confining pressure power part 223 comprises a worm 2231, a forward rotation worm wheel 2232 and a reverse rotation worm wheel 2233 which are connected on the worm 2231 in a transmission way, and two lead screws 2223 on the two transmission rods 2221 are respectively penetrated and connected in the forward rotation worm wheel 2232 and the reverse rotation worm wheel 2233.
Each transmission rod 2221 of the transmission component 222 is generally U-shaped, one end of the transmission rod 2221 is welded on the outer wall of the confining pressure half die 221, the other end of the transmission rod 2221 is tightly matched with the inner ring of the transmission bearing 2222, one end of the screw rod 2223 is welded with the outer ring of the transmission bearing 2222, and the other end of the screw rod 2223 is in transmission connection with the forward rotation worm wheel 2232 or the reverse rotation worm wheel 2233.
The confining pressure power part 223 has an outer shell 2234, the outer shell 2234 is mounted at the bottom of the outer shell 1, the upper end in the outer shell 2234 is connected with two worm wheel bases 2235, wherein, a worm rod 2231 is penetrated in the outer shell 2234, one end penetrating out of the outer shell 2234 is connected with a motor 2236, two ends of the worm rod 2231 are respectively fixedly connected with the outer shell 2234 through bearings (not shown in the figure) so as to reduce the rotation resistance thereof; the forward rotation worm wheel 2232 and the reverse rotation worm wheel 2233 are respectively positioned in two worm wheel seats 2235, are positioned in a horizontal parallel position and above the worm wheel 2231, are meshed with the worm wheel 2231, and the worm wheel 2231 is driven by a motor 2236 to rotate and drive the forward rotation worm wheel 2232 and the reverse rotation worm wheel 2233 to rotate. In the present invention, the inner ring of the forward rotation worm wheel 2232 and the inner ring of the reverse rotation worm wheel 2233 are respectively connected with the corresponding lead screws 2223 through threads, so that the two lead screws 2223 can move horizontally relative to the outer housing 2234 under the rotation drive of the forward rotation worm wheel 2232 and the reverse rotation worm wheel 2233. In the present embodiment, one end of the two lead screws 2223 is located inside the outer housing 2234, and the other end thereof is located outside the outer housing 2234.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, two diametrically opposite through holes 18 are provided on the wall of the outer cylinder 1, and as shown in fig. 5, two transmission rods 2221 are respectively connected with a limit rod 19, and the limit rods 19 can be inserted into the through holes 18 in a sealing manner. Specifically, the stop lever 19 is screwed on the outer side of the transmission lever 2221, and rollers (not shown in the drawing) may be disposed on both sides and lower end surfaces in the through hole 18, and the rollers may roll at the through hole 18, but the moving space is limited by the through hole 18, and the rollers mainly reduce the resistance of the stop lever 19 when moving in the horizontal direction, so as to reduce the resistance of the two confining pressure half dies 221 of the confining pressure loading member 22 when moving in the horizontal direction.
As shown in fig. 1, the sealed liquid pool 61 of the liquid injection mechanism 6 is fixedly connected to the top cover 14 of the outer cylinder 1, one end of the liquid guide tube 62 is connected with the sealed liquid pool 61 through an electric valve 63 and a conduit 64, and the other end of the liquid guide tube 62 can extend into the core 4 to be measured. In the present invention, the catheter 62 is disposed in the loading rod 2111 and loading block 2112, and one end of the catheter extending out of the loading block 2112 can extend into the bore 41 of the core 4 to be measured. The liquid injection mechanism 6 is used for injecting fluid into the holes 41 of the core 4 to be tested so as to simulate the condition of soaking water in the core 4 to be tested.
The monitoring mechanism 3 has an electrode 31 and an infrared monitor 32, the electrode 31 being arranged above the hole 41 of the core 4 to be measured, the infrared monitor 32 being arranged in the hole 41 of the core 4 to be measured.
In the present invention, two electrodes 31 are provided, the two electrodes 31 are connected to the lower end of the axial loading member 21 in an insulating manner, that is, to the lower end of the loading block 2112 of the axial loading member 21, a groove space 2116 is formed in the middle of the axial spacer 2113 so as to accommodate the two electrodes 31, and when the axial loading member 21 is pressed against the upper end face of the core 4 to be measured, the two electrodes 31 are located right above the hole 41 of the core 4 to be measured. The electrode 31 is used to monitor the level of the liquid in the bore 41 of the core 4 to be measured. When the two electrodes 31 are in weak current in operation, when the fluid in the holes 41 of the core 4 to be measured floods the two electrodes 31, the two electrodes 31 are electrified, an electrified signal of the two electrodes 31 is transmitted to the integrated control system 5 so as to control the closing of the electric valve 63, and when the fluid level in the holes 41 of the core 4 to be measured is lower than the two electrodes 31, the two electrodes 31 are not communicated, and an unconnected signal of the two electrodes 31 is transmitted to the integrated control system 5 so as to control the opening of the electric valve 63 until the fluid in the holes 41 just floods the two electrodes 31.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the monitoring mechanism 3 has a carrying base 33, the carrying base 33 can be mounted on an outer casing 2234 of the confining pressure power member 223, the carrying base 33 is generally disc-shaped, and a hollow groove is provided in the middle; in this embodiment, the infrared monitor 32 has a vertical rod 321 and a radial rod 322 connected to the upper end of the vertical rod 321, and an infrared ranging probe 323 is movably connected to the radial rod 322, where the vertical rod 321 is inserted into the hole 41 of the core 4 to be measured, and the infrared ranging probe 323 is located at the upper end of the hole 41. The lower end of the vertical rod 321 is connected in a groove of the bearing base 33, and the upper end of the vertical rod 321 is connected with the radial rod 322 through threads so as to be convenient for installation.
In the present invention, a driving device is arranged in the bearing base 33 and can be used for driving the vertical rod 321 of the infrared monitor 32 to rotate, the infrared ranging probe 323 of the infrared monitor 32 can rotate along the circumference of the eyelet 41 of the core 4 to be measured under the driving of the vertical rod 321, meanwhile, the infrared ranging probe 323 can move horizontally on the radial rod 322 along the radial direction of the core to be measured, in the present embodiment, the initial measuring point position of the infrared ranging probe 323 is closely attached to the inner side wall of the upper end of the eyelet 41, infrared rays are emitted by the initial measuring point along the axial direction of the eyelet 41 for ranging, and when the ranging value is smaller than the height of the eyelet 41, the infrared ranging probe 323 moves along the radial direction of the eyelet 41 until the ranging value is equal to the height of the eyelet 41; when the distance measurement value is equal to the height of the hole 41, the infrared distance measurement probe 323 is driven by the vertical rod 321 to rotate along the circumferential direction of the hole 41.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the device for testing the hydration collapse pressure of the well bore further comprises an integrated control system 5, which comprises a data collector 51 and a processor 52, wherein the processor 52 is used for analyzing information data collected by the data collector 51 and operating a motor and the like, and simultaneously recording and displaying the monitored data.
Specifically, the electrical signal of the electrode 31 may be transmitted to the integrated control system 5 to control the opening or closing of the electrically operated valve 63. The electrical signal of the infrared monitor 32 can be transmitted to the integrated control system 5 so as to monitor the deformation condition of the perforation 41 of the core 4 to be tested in real time. The integrated control system 5 can also control the motor 2236 and the motor that controls the drive shaft 2122 so that experiments can be performed smoothly.
As shown in fig. 8, the infrared monitoring device for borehole hydration deformation further comprises a balancing mechanism 7, the balancing mechanism 7 is provided with two supporting rods 71 which are radially and oppositely arranged on the outer sides of the two confining pressure half moulds 221, one end of each supporting rod 71 is rotatably connected to the confining pressure half mould 221, and the other end of each supporting rod 71 is connected with a pulley 72. The balance mechanism 7 can ensure the balance state of the confining pressure loading member 22 and cannot incline left and right.
The monitoring method of the infrared monitoring device for the hydration deformation of the well bore is as follows:
step S1: removing a plurality of bolts 16 for fixing the top cover 14, removing the top cover 14, lifting the core 4 to be measured with the holes 41 processed therein to the right center in the outer cylinder body 1, recording the depth of the holes 41 as H0, and the diameter of the holes 41 as R0;
step S2: connecting the infrared monitor 32 and adjusting the initial position of the infrared ranging probe 323 of the infrared monitor 32 to h=h0;
step S3: a top cover 14 with the connected pipeline is arranged at the upper end of the outer cylinder body 1, and is fixedly and hermetically connected by a plurality of bolts 16;
step S4: connecting the comprehensive control system 5, setting an axle pressure value, a confining pressure value and a temperature condition, opening an electric valve 63 of the liquid injection mechanism 6, injecting fluid into the hole 41 of the core 4 to be measured, setting the horizontal circumferential rotation rate of the infrared ranging probe 323, rotating at a certain rate, and monitoring and recording the distance H1 from a measuring point to a blocking point (namely, a position point where the inner wall of the hole 41 deforms) in real time;
step S5: starting a motor 2236 of the axial pressure loading piece 21 and a motor 2236 of the confining pressure loading piece 22, starting power supplies of the axial pressure heating coil 2114 and the confining pressure heating coil 225, enabling the axial pressure loading piece 21 and the confining pressure loading piece 22 to synchronously pressurize the core 4 to be tested in the outer cylinder 1 until a pressure value reaches a set value, maintaining the axial pressure and the confining pressure to a set duration, and enabling the axial pressure heating coil 2114 and the confining pressure heating coil 225 to start to work to heat the core 4 to be tested;
step S6: when the monitored distance h1=h0, the infrared ranging probe 323 is driven by the vertical rod 321 to rotate along the circumferential direction, and H2, H3 and … Hn are obtained at the same time, until Hn is smaller than H0, the infrared ranging probe 323 of the infrared monitor 32 slides along the radial rod 322 towards the axis direction of the core 4 to be tested until h=h0 is measured, the movement displacement W of the infrared ranging probe 323 on the radial rod 322 is monitored and recorded, higher axial pressure and confining pressure are reset according to the steps S4 and S5, and the pressurization experiment is continued and the pressure is maintained for a set period of time;
step S7: when the H value measured by the infrared ranging probe 323 is smaller than H0, it indicates that the shrinkage of the hole 41 has occurred, and at this moment, the infrared ranging probe 323 moves on the radial rod 322 toward the axis direction of the core 4 to be measured and monitors the H value in real time until h=h0, and the movement displacement of the infrared ranging probe 323 on the radial rod 322 reflects the shrinkage condition inside the hole 41 of the core 4 to be measured.
The infrared monitoring device for the hydration deformation of the well bore can solve the problem that the deformation cause of the well bore of oil and gas drilling, especially the shallow oil and gas drilling of the ocean is not clear under the condition of soaking water. The invention can carry out mechanical experiments of large-size rock cores and simulate high-temperature stratum (such as stratum with the temperature of more than 150 ℃); the stratum and well bore conditions during actual drilling can be truly simulated, and the experimental result is closer to the field reality; the worm gear and the gear rack are adopted for pressure loading, so that the accurate regulation and control of loading pressure can be realized; the device provided by the invention has the advantages that the experimental conditions are safe and controllable, the risk of high-pressure fluid leakage in a hydraulic oil loading mode is avoided, the structure is simpler, the cost is low, and the use is convenient.
Second embodiment
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the present invention further provides a method for monitoring a wellbore hydration deformation infrared monitoring device according to the first embodiment, wherein the specific structure, the working principle and the beneficial effects of the wellbore hydration deformation infrared monitoring device are described in the first embodiment, and the method for monitoring the wellbore hydration deformation infrared monitoring device is not described herein, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a core 4 to be measured in the outer cylinder 1, recording the initial depth H0 and the initial diameter R0 of the eyelet 41 of the core 4 to be measured, adjusting the initial position of the infrared monitor 32 of the monitoring mechanism 3 to H=H20, and setting the circumferential rotation speed of the infrared monitor 32;
step S2: injecting fluid into the core 4 to be measured through the fluid injection mechanism 6, and then applying axial pressure and confining pressure to the core 4 to be measured through the axial pressure loading piece 21 and confining pressure loading piece 22 of the loading mechanism 2;
step S3: recording the distance H1 between a measuring point and a position point where the hole of the core to be measured is deformed through the infrared monitor;
step S4: when the distance H1=H20, the infrared monitor continues to rotate along the circumferential direction, H2, H3 and … Hn are obtained at the same time, and when Hn is smaller than H0, the hole of the core to be measured is judged to have contracted;
step S5: and the infrared monitor slides along the radial direction of the axis of the core to be measured until H1=H20 is measured, the displacement W of the infrared monitor moving along the radial direction is monitored and recorded, and the steps S2 to S5 are repeated.
The infrared monitoring method for the hydration deformation of the well bore can solve the problem that the deformation cause of the well bore of oil gas drilling, especially the shallow oil gas drilling of the ocean is not clear under the condition of soaking water. The invention can carry out mechanical experiments of large-size rock cores and simulate high-temperature stratum (such as stratum with the temperature of more than 150 ℃); the method can truly simulate the stratum and borehole conditions during actual drilling, and experimental results are closer to field reality.
The foregoing is merely a few embodiments of the present invention and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or alterations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the disclosure herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. An infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a well bore, comprising:
an outer cylinder having a sealed inner cavity;
the loading mechanism is arranged in the sealed inner cavity and is provided with a shaft pressure loading piece and a confining pressure loading piece; the confining pressure loading piece is provided with two confining pressure half molds capable of being opened and closed, the two confining pressure half molds are arranged on the periphery of the core to be tested in a surrounding mode, and the axial pressure loading piece is arranged at the upper end of the core to be tested in an axially movable mode;
the liquid injection mechanism is provided with a sealing liquid pool and a liquid guide tube, the sealing liquid pool is connected to the top end of the outer cylinder body, one end of the liquid guide tube is connected with the sealing liquid pool, and the other end of the liquid guide tube can extend into the core to be measured;
the monitoring mechanism is provided with an electrode and an infrared monitor, the electrode is arranged above the hole of the core to be tested, and the infrared monitor is arranged in the hole of the core to be tested; the infrared monitor is provided with a vertical rod and a radial rod connected to the upper end of the vertical rod, the radial rod is movably connected with an infrared ranging probe, the vertical rod is arranged in a hole of a rock core to be measured in a penetrating mode, the infrared ranging probe is located at the upper end of the hole, the monitoring mechanism is provided with a bearing base, the bearing base is provided with a mounting groove, and the lower end of the vertical rod of the infrared monitor is connected in the mounting groove.
2. The infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a well bore according to claim 1, wherein the axial compression loading piece comprises a loading body, the loading body is provided with a loading rod and a loading block connected with the loading rod, the lower end face of the loading block is connected with an axial spacer, and an axial compression heating coil is clamped between the axial spacer and the loading block.
3. The infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a well bore of claim 2, wherein the axial spacer is embedded with a first pressure sensor.
4. The infrared wellbore hydration deformation monitoring device of claim 2 or 3, wherein the axial compression loader further comprises an axial compression power component capable of driving the loading body to move along the axial direction of the core to be measured, the axial compression power component comprising:
the support seat is fixedly connected to the top end of the outer cylinder body;
one end of the transmission shaft is rotatably arranged in the supporting seat in a penetrating way, and the other end of the transmission shaft is sleeved with a transmission gear;
the transmission rack can be axially movably arranged on the supporting seat and can be in transmission connection with the transmission gear, and the transmission rack is connected to the end part of the loading rod penetrating out of the outer cylinder body.
5. The infrared monitoring device of borehole hydration deformation as recited in claim 1, wherein the loading mechanism and the core to be measured are placed on the load bearing base.
6. The infrared wellbore hydration deformation monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the confining pressure loading member comprises a transmission member and a confining pressure power member; wherein,
the transmission part comprises two transmission rods, one end of each transmission rod is connected to the outer wall of the confining pressure half die, and the other end of each transmission rod is rotationally connected with a lead screw through a transmission bearing;
the confining pressure power component comprises a worm, a forward rotation worm wheel and a reverse rotation worm wheel which are connected to the worm in a transmission way, and two lead screws on two transmission rods are respectively connected in the forward rotation worm wheel and the reverse rotation worm wheel in a penetrating way.
7. The infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a well hole according to claim 6, wherein two diametrically opposite through holes are formed in the wall of the outer cylinder, two transmission rods are respectively connected with a limit rod, and the limit rods can be arranged in the through holes in a penetrating mode.
8. The infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a well bore according to claim 1, 6 or 7, wherein the confining pressure loading member is provided with two supporting rods which are arranged radially and oppositely outside the two confining pressure half die, one end of each supporting rod is rotatably connected to the confining pressure half die, and the other end of each supporting rod is connected with a pulley.
9. The infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a well bore according to claim 1, wherein the inner sides of the confining pressure half moulds are connected with confining pressure spacers, and confining pressure heating coils are clamped between the confining pressure spacers and the confining pressure half moulds.
10. The infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a well bore of claim 9, wherein the confining pressure spacer is embedded with a second pressure sensor.
11. The infrared wellbore hydration deformation monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the electrode is connected to a lower end of the axial compression loading member.
12. A monitoring method employing the infrared monitoring device for hydration deformation of a well bore according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the monitoring method comprises the steps of:
step S1: placing a core to be measured in an outer cylinder, recording the initial depth H0 and the initial diameter R0 of an eyelet of the core to be measured, adjusting the initial position of an infrared monitor of a monitoring mechanism to H=H20, and setting the circumferential rotation speed of the infrared monitor;
step S2: injecting fluid into the core to be measured through a fluid injection mechanism, and then applying axial pressure and confining pressure to the core to be measured through an axial pressure loading piece and a confining pressure loading piece of a loading mechanism;
step S3: recording the distance H1 between a measuring point and a position point where the hole of the core to be measured is deformed through the infrared monitor;
step S4: when the distance H1=H20, the infrared monitor continues to rotate along the circumferential direction, H2, H3 and … Hn are obtained at the same time, and when Hn is smaller than H0, the hole of the core to be measured is judged to have contracted;
step S5: and the infrared monitor slides along the radial direction of the axis of the core to be measured until H1=H20 is measured, the displacement W of the infrared monitor moving along the radial direction is monitored and recorded, and the steps S2 to S5 are repeated.
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