CN108035387B - Experimental device capable of controlling confining pressure and used for simulating installation process of closed pile - Google Patents
Experimental device capable of controlling confining pressure and used for simulating installation process of closed pile Download PDFInfo
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- CN108035387B CN108035387B CN201711457394.3A CN201711457394A CN108035387B CN 108035387 B CN108035387 B CN 108035387B CN 201711457394 A CN201711457394 A CN 201711457394A CN 108035387 B CN108035387 B CN 108035387B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device capable of controlling confining pressure and used for simulating the installation process of a closed pile. The pile body used by said equipment can be made up by splicing pile pieces, and is characterized by that it can simulate the large displacement installation injection process of pile. During experiments, the assembled pile body is positioned at the center of the confining pressure chamber and is in close contact with the upper cover, the bottom plate and the internal soil body of the confining pressure chamber. The interior of the pile body is in contact with a limiting device, and the limiting device is used for limiting the rotation of the pile body. The pile body can control the static and dynamic installation process through a screw and a servo motor. The invention can simulate the static and dynamic driving processes of the closed pile in the soil body in a complex stress state by controlling confining pressure, can measure the static and dynamic resistance of the side wall in the driving process of the pile body, and can simulate the process of driving the pile body into the soil body by infinite displacement.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model provides a steerable confined pressure is used for simulating experimental apparatus of shut a mouthful stake installation, can be used to simulate the static force of shut a mouthful stake in multiple soil body (sand soil, clay, silt) and the process of power is squeezed into to multiple operating modes such as the complicated stress state of soil, drainage conditions can be considered.
Background
In recent years, in order to meet the requirements of high-rise buildings on the bearing capacity and deformation of the foundation, pile foundations are designed to be longer and longer, which puts higher requirements on the construction and installation of piles. In order to ensure the smooth construction and installation, the installation resistance of the pile body needs to be evaluated before installation, and guidance is provided for selecting proper installation equipment.
At present, a plurality of experimental devices for simulating the installation process of the precast pile exist indoors, but because the stress state of the soil body in the normal gravity state is greatly different from the stress state of the soil body in the actual engineering, therefore, a normal gravity model test according to the reduced scale cannot accurately simulate the stress condition between pile soil in actual engineering. At the present stage, a supergravity centrifuge test can be adopted to restore the stress state of the soil body, but the test cost is high and the test is complex.
The invention provides an experimental device capable of controlling confining pressure and used for simulating the installation process of a closed pile, which can simulate the static and dynamic driving processes of the closed pile in a soil body in a complex stress state by controlling the confining pressure, measure the static and dynamic resistance of the side wall of the pile body in the driving process, and simultaneously simulate the process of driving the pile body into the soil body by infinite displacement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs an experimental device capable of controlling confining pressure and used for simulating the installation process of a closed pile. The device is characterized in that: the static and dynamic driving processes of the closed pile in the soil body in a complex stress state can be simulated, and the static and dynamic resistance of the side wall in the driving process of the pile body can be measured; because the pile body can be assembled, the process of driving the pile body into the soil body by infinite displacement can be simulated.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental device capable of controlling confining pressure and used for simulating a closed pile installation process comprises a frame, a confining pressure chamber, a pile body, a limiting device, a loading system, a water confining pressure control system, a sensor system and a data acquisition and control system;
the pile body is inserted into the confining pressure chamber, a pile-soil interface is formed by the pile body and the soil sample in the confining pressure chamber, and the stress state and the drainage condition of the soil body can be controlled through the confining pressure chamber; the limiting device is used for limiting the rotation of the pile body, and has the functions of ensuring that the pile body can do non-rotation up-and-down motion and reducing the friction of the side wall as much as possible. The loading system comprises a hydraulic system, a worm and a servo motor, the hydraulic system is used for applying vertical stress to a soil body, the upper end of the worm is screwed into the pile body, the lower end of the worm is connected with the servo motor, the worm is driven by the servo motor to complete static and dynamic loading control on the pile body, the water confining pressure control system is used for controlling confining pressure of the confining pressure chamber to adjust the stress state of the soil body, the sensor system is used for detecting data to be detected in the device and transmitting the data to the data acquisition and control system, and the data acquisition and control system is used for controlling the loading system, the hydraulic system and the water confining pressure control system. The device can simulate the static and dynamic driving process of the closed pile in the soil body in a complex stress state.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the confining pressure chamber includes a cylindrical outer wall, a confining pressure chamber bottom plate, an annular confining pressure chamber upper cover, and a rubber membrane; the tubular outer wall is fixed on a confining pressure chamber bottom plate, organic glass materials can be adopted, so that the condition of a sample can be conveniently observed from the outer side, the confining pressure chamber upper cover is arranged at the opening at the top of the tubular outer wall, a pile body penetrates through the middle part of the bottom plate and is inserted into the confining pressure chamber upper cover, a rubber film fixing ring is respectively fixed between the pile body and the confining pressure chamber upper cover, between the confining pressure chamber upper cover and the tubular outer wall, and between the pile body and the confining pressure chamber bottom plate through rubber rings, the lower surface of the confining pressure chamber upper cover and the upper surface of the bottom plate are respectively fixed with a rubber film fixing ring, the upper end and the lower end of a rubber film are respectively fixed in the rubber film fixing rings through the rubber rings, a soil body to be detected is arranged between the rubber film and the pile body, and a confining pressure space is formed between the rubber film and the tubular outer wall;
the water confining pressure control system comprises a confining pressure water hole formed in a confining pressure space bottom plate, a back pressure hole formed in a soil body space bottom plate to be detected and a water pressure controller; the confining pressure water hole is connected with the water pressure controller through a pipeline and is used for injecting water or draining water into the confining pressure space so as to control the water pressure in the confining pressure space, and the back pressure hole is connected with the water pressure controller through a flowmeter and is used for measuring the volume change of a soil body under the drainage condition.
Preferably, the hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic loading control device and an oil cylinder connected with the hydraulic loading control device through an oil pipe; a piston rod of the oil cylinder is fixedly connected with an upper cover of the confining pressure chamber through a dowel bar, and the upper cover can move up and down along an axis under the action of the oil cylinder and can apply vertical pressure to a lower soil body.
Preferably, the pile body adopt the concatenation pile body, including a section of stake or end to end's multisection stake, every section of stake includes two symmetrical pile pieces along the longitudinal section amalgamation, the pile piece inner wall is opened threaded and is used for the vertical recess with stop device matched with, the stake inner wall after two pile pieces amalgamation forms can with worm assorted continuous thread, there is the external screw thread every section of stake upper end, the lower extreme has the internal thread for be connected with next section of stake upper end external screw thread cooperation.
More preferably, stop device include connecting rod, limiting plate, on the connecting rod was fixed in the frame, the limiting plate upper end linked to each other with the connecting rod, in the other end inserted the vertical recess of pile body.
More preferably, the limiting plate side inlay and have changeing the pearl in order to reduce the friction with vertical recess.
More preferably, in order to meet the requirement of water resistance, a rubber water-proof strip is arranged at a contact position (namely, an axial middle seam of each pile) when two pile sheets are connected in a split mode.
Preferably, the sensor measuring system comprises a pore pressure sensor, a displacement sensor and a piezoelectric axial force sensor; the hole pressure sensor is used for measuring hole pressure response inside a soil body, the displacement sensor is arranged above the upper cover of the confining pressure chamber and used for measuring vertical displacement of the soil body, the piezoelectric type axial force sensor is arranged at the bottom of the confining pressure chamber and used for measuring mechanical response of a pile-soil interface when a pile body moves vertically, the torque sensor is used for measuring torque of the pile body, and the axial force sensor and the torque sensor are arranged on the transmission shaft.
Preferably, the confining pressure chamber is arranged on the frame, the bottom of the confining pressure chamber is supported by four upright posts, and each upright post is provided with a piezoelectric axial force sensor for measuring the stress condition between pile soils when the pile body moves up and down.
The data acquisition and control system comprises a computer, program control software, a data acquisition instrument and the like. The data acquisition instrument is connected with each sensor for data acquisition, and the program control software analyzes and processes the data and issues an instruction according to user setting, so as to control the loading system, the hydraulic system and the water confining pressure control system to realize different stress states.
The invention is provided with the following advantages are provided:
1. the invention can accurately simulate the stress state of the in-situ soil by controlling the confining pressure and the vertical pressure, and can simulate the response of a pile-soil interface in the driving process of the closed-end piles under different confining pressures.
2. The spliced pile body provided by the device can be recycled, and the driving process of the pile in the soil body under infinite displacement can be simulated.
3. The device can simulate various static and dynamic piling working conditions through the servo motor, and the experimental simulation result can provide guidance for the engineering design and construction installation of the pile.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the confining pressure chamber of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the confining pressure chamber of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pile sheet in three views;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a spliced pile body;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a limiting plate;
the hydraulic pressure control device comprises a base 1, a hydraulic loading control device 2, a water pressure controller 3, a flow meter 4, an upright post 5, a water pipe 6, a hole pressure sensor 7, a confining pressure chamber bottom plate 8, a cylindrical outer wall 9, a rubber membrane 10, a confining pressure chamber upper cover 11, a displacement sensor 12, a displacement sensor 13, a displacement sensor support 14, a limiting plate 15, a force transmission rod 16, a fixed beam 17, a connecting rod 18, a counter force beam 19, an oil pipe 20, an oil cylinder 20, a worm screw 21, a pile body 22, a worm 23, a worm 24, a servo motor 25, a rubber ring 26, a rubber ring fixing ring 27, a rubber water-proof strip 28, a limiting groove 29, an external thread 30, an internal thread 31, a rotating ball or a bearing, a piezoelectric axial force sensor 32 and a pile sheet screw 33.
Detailed Description
The experimental device comprises a frame, a confining pressure chamber, a pile body, a limiting device, a loading system, a water confining pressure control system, a sensor system and a data acquisition and control system; the pile body 22 is inserted into the confining pressure chamber and forms a pile-soil interface with a soil sample in the confining pressure chamber, the limiting device is used for limiting the rotation of the pile body, the loading system comprises a hydraulic system, a worm 23 and a servo motor 24, the hydraulic system is used for applying vertical stress to a soil body, the upper end of the worm 23 is screwed into the pile body, the lower end of the worm 23 is connected with the servo motor 24, the worm is driven by the servo motor to complete static and dynamic loading control on the pile body, the water confining pressure control system is used for controlling confining pressure of the confining pressure chamber to adjust the stress state of the soil body, the sensor system is used for detecting data to be detected in the device and transmitting the data to the data acquisition and control system, and the data acquisition and control system is used for controlling the loading system, the hydraulic system and the water confining pressure control system.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-6, one embodiment is as follows:
the frame comprises a machine base 1, a vertical column 5, a reaction beam 18 and the like. The confining pressure chamber comprises a cylindrical outer wall 9, a confining pressure chamber bottom plate 8, an annular confining pressure chamber upper cover 11 and a rubber film 10; the tubular outer wall 9 is fixed on a confining pressure chamber bottom plate 8, a confining pressure chamber upper cover is arranged at an opening at the top of the tubular outer wall, a pile body 22 penetrates through the middle part of the bottom plate and is inserted into a confining pressure chamber upper cover 11, rubber ring fixing rings 26 with the height of 2cm are respectively fixed on the lower surface of the confining pressure chamber upper cover and the upper surface of the bottom plate, the upper end and the lower end of the rubber film 10 are respectively fixed in the rubber film fixing rings 26 through rubber rings, a soil body to be tested is arranged between the rubber film and the pile body, and a confining pressure space is formed between the rubber film and the tubular outer wall; an oil cylinder 20 is fixed at the center of the counter-force beam 18, a piston rod of the oil cylinder 20 is connected with four force transmission rods 15, the force transmission rods 15 are connected with an upper cover 11 of the confining pressure chamber through screws, and the upper cover 11 is annular. The spliced pile body 22 is positioned at the center of the confining pressure chamber and is in close contact with the upper cover 11 of the confining pressure chamber, the bottom plate 8 and the internal soil body. The interior of the spliced pile body 22 is connected with the worm 21, the worm 21 is controlled by the servo motor 24, and the servo motor 24 is fixed on the base, so that static (such as slow rotation of the motor) and dynamic (such as fast rotation of the motor) loading control of the pile body can be completed, and the static and dynamic installation process of the pile can be simulated.
The confining pressure chamber is annular, the outer wall 9 is made of organic glass materials, the condition of a sample can be observed from the outer side, a bottom plate 8 of the confining pressure chamber is supported on a transverse plate by four upright posts, and piezoelectric axial force sensors 32 are arranged on the upright posts and used for measuring the stress condition of an interface when a pile body moves up and down; three holes are formed in the bottom plate, and the holes on the outer side are confining pressure water holes and are used for injecting water into or discharging water from the confining pressure chamber to adjust pressure; two holes are arranged at the inner side close to the soil body, one hole is a hole pressure measuring hole 7, and the hole pressure sensor is connected to measure the internal hole pressure value; the other is a counter-pressure hole and is connected with a water pressure controller 3 through a flowmeter 4 for measuring the body deformation of the soil body under the drainage condition.
The pile body 22 is assembled by splicing pile sheets; splicing the two pile sheets into a pile body; the inner side of the pile sheet (as shown in figure 4) is provided with a cut pile sheet thread 33 and a limit groove 28 parallel to the axial direction, and a single pile sheet can be regarded as a part of a pile sheet which is cut along the symmetrical plane of the axial line, but in order to meet the requirement of water resistance, a rubber water-proof strip 27 is arranged at the middle seam of the contact position when two pile sheets are connected. The upper end of each pile section is provided with an external thread 29, and the lower end is provided with an internal thread 30 (or the upper side is provided with a screw or a bulge, and the lower side is provided with a screw cap or a pit) for connecting a plurality of pile sections into a longer pile body.
The limiting device is arranged on the fixed beam 16 and comprises a connecting rod 17, a limiting plate 14, a rotating ball or a bearing 31 and the like. The fixed beam 16 is located under the reaction beam 18, the connecting rod 17 is fixed at the lower side of the center, the connecting rod 17 is connected with the limiting plate 14, and the rotating balls 31 (or bearings) are mounted on the side wall and the surface of the limiting plate 14 to reduce vertical friction. The limiting device has the function of ensuring that the pile body does up-and-down movement without rotation and reducing the friction of the side wall as much as possible.
The hydraulic system comprises a cylinder 20 and a hydraulic loading control device 2 and the like. The oil cylinder 20 is fixed in the middle of the counter-force beam 18, and the piston rod of the oil cylinder is connected with the dowel bar 15; the top of the cylinder 20 is connected to the hydraulic loading control device 2 through an oil pipe 19.
The water pressure control system comprises a water pipe 6, a flowmeter 4 and a water pressure controller 3. The water pressure controller 3 can control the confining pressure value of the soil body, and also can control the drainage condition of the sample and measure the volume change of the soil body.
The various sensors include LVDT displacement sensors 12, including pore pressure sensors 7, piezoelectric axial force sensors 32. The displacement sensor 12 is fixed on one upright post 5 through a bracket 13, and the LVDT displacement sensor 12 is used for measuring the vertical displacement of the soil body; the pore pressure sensor 7 is fixed on the frame and used for measuring the pore pressure response in the soil body; the piezoelectric axial force sensor 32 is used to measure the mechanical response of the interface during driving of the pile body.
The data acquisition and control system comprises a computer, program control software, a data acquisition instrument and the like. The data acquisition instrument is connected with each sensor to acquire data, and the program control software analyzes and processes the data and issues an instruction according to user setting, so as to control the loading system, the hydraulic system and the water confining pressure control system to realize different stress states.
A specific test procedure using the apparatus of the above embodiment of the present invention is briefly described below in a simulation experiment for driving long piles into sandy soil:
1. and (4) unscrewing screws on the upper cover of the confining pressure chamber, lifting the dowel bar through a hydraulic loading control device, and taking out the upper cover of the confining pressure chamber and the outer wall of the confining pressure chamber.
2. Aligning the vertical limiting groove of the pile sheet to the side edge of the limiting plate, placing a rubber water-proof strip at the joint of the pile sheet, penetrating the pile through the confining pressure chamber after splicing is completed, and completing the installation of the pile;
3. sleeving a rubber film in a sleeve with the same diameter and height as the sample, sucking air between the rubber film and the sleeve to enable the rubber film to be tightly attached to the sleeve, and installing the sleeve on a rubber film fixing ring of a confining pressure chamber and fixing the sleeve through a rubber ring;
4. weighing sand samples, and filling the sand samples in a layered manner according to a preset compactness;
5. after the sample is arranged to a preset position, a rubber ring is used for sealing the rubber film and the upper cover of the confining pressure chamber, the sleeve is taken down, the outer wall of the confining pressure chamber is arranged to a specified position, and the confining pressure chamber reaches a sealed state;
6. setting a confining pressure value and a vertical pressure value according to experimental requirements;
7. opening software to set simulation working conditions according to experimental requirements, when a section of pile body completely extends out of the confining pressure chamber at the lower part of the pile body, disassembling the pile body, splicing the pile body at the upper part of the pile body, and repeating the process to simulate the process of driving a long pile into a soil body;
8. and (5) after the experiment is finished, discharging confining pressure water, dismantling the confining pressure chamber and taking out the sample.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a steerable confined pressure is used for simulating experimental apparatus of a mouthful installation, its characterized in that: the device comprises a frame, a confining pressure chamber, a pile body, a limiting device, a loading system, a water confining pressure control system, a sensor system and a data acquisition and control system; the pile body (22) is inserted into the confining pressure chamber and forms a pile-soil interface with a soil sample in the confining pressure chamber, the limiting device is used for limiting the rotation of the pile body, the loading system comprises a hydraulic system, a worm (23) and a servo motor (24), the hydraulic system is used for applying vertical stress to a soil body, the upper end of the worm (23) is screwed into the pile body, the lower end of the worm is connected with the servo motor (24) and drives the worm to complete static and dynamic loading control on the pile body by the servo motor, the water confining pressure control system is used for controlling confining pressure of the confining pressure chamber to adjust the stress state of the soil body, the sensor system is used for detecting data to be detected in the device and transmitting the data to the data acquisition and control system, and the data acquisition and control system is used for controlling the loading system, the hydraulic system and the water confining pressure control system;
the confining pressure chamber comprises a cylindrical outer wall (9), a confining pressure chamber bottom plate (8), an annular confining pressure chamber upper cover (11) and a rubber film (10); the tubular outer wall (9) is fixed on a confining pressure chamber bottom plate (8), a confining pressure chamber upper cover is arranged at an opening at the top of the tubular outer wall, a pile body (22) penetrates through the middle part of the confining pressure chamber bottom plate and is inserted into the confining pressure chamber upper cover (11), a rubber film fixing ring (26) is respectively fixed between the pile body and the confining pressure chamber upper cover, between the confining pressure chamber upper cover and the tubular outer wall, and between the pile body and the confining pressure chamber bottom plate through rubber rings, the upper end and the lower end of a rubber film (10) are respectively fixed in the rubber film fixing ring (26) through the rubber rings, a soil body to be tested is arranged between the rubber film and the pile body, and a confining pressure space is formed between the rubber film and the tubular outer wall;
the water confining pressure control system comprises a confining pressure water hole formed in a confining pressure space bottom plate, a back pressure hole formed in a soil body space bottom plate to be detected and a water pressure controller (3); the confining pressure water hole is connected with a water pressure controller through a pipeline and is used for injecting water or draining water into the confining pressure space so as to control the water pressure in the confining pressure space, and the counter pressure hole is connected with the water pressure controller through a flowmeter and is used for measuring the body deformation of a soil body under the drainage condition;
the hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic loading control device (2) and an oil cylinder (20) connected with the hydraulic loading control device through an oil pipe; a piston rod of the oil cylinder (20) is fixedly connected with an upper cover (11) of the confining pressure chamber through a dowel bar (15);
the pile body (22) adopts a spliced pile body and comprises a pile section or a plurality of sections of piles connected end to end, each section of pile comprises two symmetrical pile pieces spliced along a longitudinal section, the inner wall of each pile piece is provided with a thread (33) and a vertical groove (28) matched with a limiting device, the inner wall of the spliced pile of the two pile pieces forms a continuous thread matched with a worm, the upper end of each section of pile is provided with an external thread (29), and the lower end of each section of pile is provided with an internal thread (30) for matching and connecting with the external thread at the upper end of the next section of pile; the limiting device comprises a connecting rod (17) and a limiting plate (14), the connecting rod (17) is fixed on the rack, the upper end of the limiting plate (14) is connected with the connecting rod (17), and the other end of the limiting plate is inserted into the vertical groove (28) of the pile body;
the sensor measuring system comprises a pore pressure sensor (7), a displacement sensor (12) and a piezoelectric axial force sensor (32); the pore pressure sensor (7) is used for measuring pore pressure response inside a soil body, the displacement sensor (12) is arranged above the confining pressure chamber upper cover (11) and used for measuring vertical displacement of the soil body, and the piezoelectric type axial force sensor (32) is arranged at the bottom of the confining pressure chamber and used for measuring mechanical response of a pile-soil interface when a pile body moves vertically.
2. The experimental facility for simulating the installation process of the closed-end piles according to the controllable confining pressure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the limiting plate (14) is embedded with a rotating ball or a bearing (31) at the side edge to reduce the friction with the vertical groove (28).
3. The experimental facility for simulating the installation process of the closed-end piles according to the controllable confining pressure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: and a rubber water-insulating strip (27) is arranged at the contact position when the two pile pieces are spliced.
4. The experimental facility for simulating the installation process of the closed-end piles according to the controllable confining pressure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the confining pressure chamber is arranged on the frame, the bottom of the confining pressure chamber is supported by four upright posts, and each upright post is provided with a piezoelectric axial force sensor (32).
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108982265B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-03-02 | 浙江大学 | Experimental device for pile soil shearing action is observed and is measured based on PIV technique |
| CN109187204B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-12-08 | 广西大学 | Test device for simulating pile-soil interaction during vertical cyclic loading |
| CN109374418B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-05-12 | 浙江大学 | Method for testing tangential and normal resistance of anchor chain and soil under equivalent elastic boundary |
| CN110389060A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-29 | 浙江大学 | A kind of bamboo joint pile-cement soil contact face sample preparation device and contact surface frictional behavior research shearing test device and test method |
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| US5172587A (en) * | 1991-03-13 | 1992-12-22 | Arctic Foundations, Inc. | Pile load testing device |
| CN102175527A (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-09-07 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Unsaturated deformation measuring device for dynamic static tri-axial tester |
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