CN109736715B - Variable-section spiral drilling tool and construction method of variable-section bored pile - Google Patents
Variable-section spiral drilling tool and construction method of variable-section bored pile Download PDFInfo
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- CN109736715B CN109736715B CN201910046289.3A CN201910046289A CN109736715B CN 109736715 B CN109736715 B CN 109736715B CN 201910046289 A CN201910046289 A CN 201910046289A CN 109736715 B CN109736715 B CN 109736715B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application discloses a variable cross-section spiral drilling tool, which comprises a guide device and a spiral drill rod arranged on the guide device, wherein the spiral drill rod comprises a spiral rod and a drill bit part arranged at the bottom end, the drill bit part comprises an outer sleeve, a guide rod, a connecting rod and an expansion head blade, and one end of the outer sleeve is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the spiral rod; the outer sleeve is sleeved on the guide rod, and one end of the guide rod extends out of the outer sleeve to form a drill bit; one end of the expansion head blade is hinged on the outer sleeve, one end of the connecting rod is hinged on the guide rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged on the expansion head blade; when the guide rod moves along the axial direction, the expanding head blade expands or contracts. The application also discloses a construction method for the variable cross section bored pile by using the variable cross section spiral drilling tool. The drilling tool set is efficient and quick, integrates drilling, reaming, pouring and detecting, and has good operation performance. The construction method has the advantages of high efficiency and high precision construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a variable-section spiral drilling tool and a construction method of a variable-section bored pile.
Background
At present, most of buildings adopt reinforced concrete bored concrete piles, and most of the buildings adopt straight bored concrete piles with equal cross sections. In pile foundation design, the friction force between the pile and the soil is increased by adopting a method for increasing the diameter and the length of the pile, but the method does not fully utilize the strength of the pile body, so that the cost is high and the material is wasted. Therefore, the bottom of the pile hole is properly enlarged by reaming the hole in the hole forming process by adopting a bottom-enlarging drill bit, and the bearing capacity of the pile is increased by a common method in construction. The club-footed pile mainly comprises a drilling club-footed cast-in-place pile, a rotary-enlarging pile, a squeezing and enlarging cast-in-place pile and the like. Existing reaming machines in the market mainly comprise two types, wherein the lower end of one type of drill bit is provided with a guniting hole, the guniting hole utilizes high-pressure guniting to expand the space at the bottom of the pile, but most of underground soil layers have complex geological conditions, especially meet rocks, and the reaming purpose cannot be achieved by using guniting. Another type is to enlarge the drill tip of the drill bit, the sides of the drill tip being connected by means of a wire rope. The lower drill point is utilized to ream by applying tension to the steel cable, but because the geological condition of the foundation is complex and the extensibility of one end of the steel cable exists, the condition that the drill point cannot be opened frequently occurs, so that reaming cannot be realized, and great inconvenience is brought to construction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the above problems in the prior art, the present application firstly proposes a variable-section spiral drilling tool, which is efficient and quick, and integrates drilling, reaming, casting and detection, the variable-section spiral drilling tool comprises a guide device and a spiral drill rod mounted on the guide device, the spiral drill rod extends along an axis, the spiral drill rod comprises a spiral rod and a drill bit part mounted at the bottom end of the spiral rod, the drill bit part comprises an outer sleeve, a guide rod, a connecting rod and an enlarged head blade, and one end of the outer sleeve is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the spiral rod; the outer sleeve is sleeved on the guide rod, one end of the guide rod extends away from the spiral rod and extends out of the outer sleeve, and a drill bit is formed at the end part of the guide rod, which extends out of one end of the outer sleeve;
One end of the expansion head blade is connected to the outer wall of the outer sleeve through a first hinge shaft, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the outer wall of one end of the guide rod extending out of the outer sleeve through a second hinge shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the expansion head blade through a third hinge shaft; a first spiral blade is arranged on the outer wall of the guide rod, which is positioned between the second hinge shaft and the drill bit;
The expanding head blade is provided with an expanding position and a contracting position, and is in a maximum expanding state when the expanding head blade is in the expanding position; when the expanding head blade is in the contracted position, the expanding head blade is in a contracted state; when the guide rod is retracted into the outer sleeve, the expansion head blade rotates from the contracted position to the expanded position around the first hinge shaft; when the expanding head blade is in the unfolding position, the rotating radius of the expanding head blade is larger than that of the first spiral blade and larger than that of the spiral rod;
under the action of external force, the guide rod can move along the inner peripheral surface of the outer sleeve in the axial direction, so that the expansion head blade rotates between an expanding position and a contracting position, and when the expansion head blade is in a contracting state, the third hinge shaft is closer to the central axis of the spiral drill rod relative to the first hinge shaft in the radial direction;
The guide device is provided with a supporting part and a limiting part, the supporting part and the limiting part can reciprocate along the guide device, and the supporting part and the limiting part are adjacently arranged along the guide device; a driving motor for driving the spiral drill rod to rotate is arranged on the supporting part; a telescopic mechanism is arranged between the supporting part and the limiting part, and the telescopic mechanism can enlarge or reduce the distance between the supporting part and the limiting part;
the guide device is provided with a limiting part, the limiting part is provided with a clamping part which can be fixedly connected with the limiting part, and when the clamping part is fixedly connected with the limiting part, the limiting part is fixed on the guide device;
When the drill bit position is limited and the limiting part is fixed on the guiding device, the telescopic mechanism can enable the supporting part to move relative to the limiting part along the axial direction, so that the screw rod and the outer sleeve are driven to move relative to the guide rod, and the expanding head blade rotates around the first hinge shaft between the expanding position and the contracting position.
When the pile hole is constructed, the expanding head blade is in the contracted position, the pile hole can be excavated according to the conventional construction method, when the bottom of the pile hole is constructed, a drill bit is kept against the bottom of the pile hole, then the clamping part is fixedly connected to the limiting part, the limiting part is fixed on the guiding device, then the telescopic mechanism is started, the screw rod drives the outer sleeve to move downwards, the outer sleeve is contracted inwards relative to the outer sleeve, the guide rod is pushed by the connecting rod, the expanding head blade is outwards rotated until the expanding position is reached, the connection between the clamping part and the limiting part is loosened, the reaming construction can be completed by rotating the screw rod, and the pile hole of the expanding head part is formed. In order to smoothly rotate the expanding head blade to the set position, the spiral drill rod can be slightly reversed before the telescopic mechanism is started, so that the limitation of soil on the expanding head blade is reduced, and the resistance of the expanding head blade in outward rotation is reduced.
In the prior art, the steel cable is utilized to adjust the position of the drill point, and reaming construction is carried out, and because the steel cable is gradually stretched in the stretching process, a certain error exists in judgment of the position of the drill point, and normal operation of construction is affected. In the application, the parts connected with the expanding head blade are all rigidly connected, so that the error generated in the use process is very small, and the position of the expanding head blade is not misjudged, thereby influencing normal construction. In addition, as the drill part is independently arranged, the drill part can be partially replaced according to different requirements so as to perform larger-diameter reaming construction, and when the drill part is partially replaced, the drill part can be replaced only by disconnecting the expanded head blade from the outer sleeve; or the drill bit part is replaced integrally.
By using the variable-section spiral drilling tool, after reaming is completed, concrete can be poured without hanging the drilling tool out of a pile hole, and before pouring, the expanding head blade is contracted first, and the drilling tool is hung out of the pile hole while pouring. When detecting part of the pile hole, the spiral drill rod of the variable-section spiral drilling tool can be inserted into the pile hole, and the diameter of the pile hole is detected by using the opening degree of the enlarged head blade.
Preferably, the enlarged head blade comprises a cutter body and cutter teeth mounted on the cutter body, at least on the side of the cutter body facing away from the outer sleeve when the enlarged head blade is in the retracted position. It is further preferred that the cutter teeth are mounted on both the side of the cutter body facing away from the outer sleeve and the side facing toward the outer sleeve when the enlarged head blade is in the retracted position. Firstly, one side of the cutter body, which is far away from the outer sleeve, is provided with cutter teeth, so that the expanding head cutter blade can smoothly cut soil in the unfolding and rotating processes. After the cutter teeth are arranged on one side of the outer sleeve, part of large-particle soil can be crushed so as to facilitate the soil to be output to the ground, and meanwhile, the lower side soil can be effectively cut in the bottom expanding construction process.
Further, a guide extending in the axial direction is provided between the outer sleeve and the guide rod. The guide piece can improve the accuracy of relative movement between the outer sleeve and the guide rod, and can be used as a force transmission part between the outer sleeve and the guide rod, so that the connection between the outer sleeve and the guide rod in the circumferential direction is increased, the rotation torque of the connecting rod during working is reduced, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
Specifically, the telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic jack or a mechanical jack. Both jacks can be prepared by using commercially available standard components according to specific requirements, and can also be customized or self-made. The hydraulic jack or the mechanical jack can be externally connected with an automatic control device for operation or monitoring.
Further, in order to prevent external soil or water from entering into a gap between the outer sleeve and the guide rod, corrosion is caused to equipment or flexibility of the equipment is affected, a sealing device is arranged between the outer sleeve and the guide rod, and the sealing device seals the gap between the outer sleeve and the guide rod. Preferably, the sealing device comprises a cylindrical sealing cover, the sealing cover is sleeved on the guide rod and is connected to the lower end surface of the outer sleeve in a sealing way, and a first sealing ring is arranged between the sealing cover and the guide rod; or the sealing device is a second sealing ring arranged between the outer sleeve and the guide rod.
Further, when the enlarged head blade is in the deployed position, a ray of the first articulation axis toward the third articulation axis extends obliquely toward the drill bit, the ray having an angle of less than 90 ° with the axis. The design ensures that the expansion head blade can not be clamped or stopped in the contraction process, and the expansion head blade can smoothly rotate towards the contraction position.
Further, a second helical blade is provided on the outer side of the outer sleeve. The second spiral blade on the outer sleeve is mainly used for conveying earthwork outwards and has the function of correcting the inner wall of the pile hole.
Further, a hooking member is mounted on the enlarged head blade and is hooked on the outer sleeve when the enlarged head blade is in the retracted position. The hooking member may be hooked to the outer sleeve, including directly to the outer sleeve, or indirectly to the outer sleeve, such as by mounting a sealing cap on the outer sleeve, and may be hooked to the sealing cap, i.e., the hooking member may be hooked directly to the outer sleeve or indirectly to the outer sleeve. After the hook hanging piece is installed, a certain locking effect can be formed on the enlarged footing blade by the hook hanging piece during construction, so that the lifting effect of the lower soil body on the enlarged footing blade is reduced.
Secondly, the application also provides a construction method of the bored pile, which adopts any variable-section spiral drilling tool, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) Installing a guide device of the variable-section spiral drilling tool to a set position, enabling the expansion head blade to be in a contracted position, starting a driving motor, enabling the spiral drill rod to rotate positively and drilling a main pile hole along a set direction;
(2) The height position of the spiral drill rod is kept, the clamping part is fixedly connected to the limiting part, the limiting part is fixed on the guiding device, then the spiral drill rod is reversed, the telescopic mechanism is started, the supporting part drives the spiral drill rod and the outer sleeve to move towards the direction of the drill bit, the guide rod is retracted into the outer sleeve, the expanding head blade is rotated from the retracted position to the expanded position, and then the spiral drill rod is rotated forwards, so that the excavation of the expanding head pile hole is completed; the main pile hole and the enlarged footing pile hole form a pile hole;
(3) Lifting the spiral drill rod upwards, rotating the expansion head blade downwards towards the shrinkage position under the obstruction of soil around the pile hole, and synchronously pouring concrete, and lifting the spiral drill rod out of the pile hole while completing concrete pouring;
(4) And (5) inserting a reinforcement cage into the pile hole before the initial setting of the concrete is completed, so as to form the bored pile.
The construction method can accurately finish reaming construction, and an enlarged head pile hole is formed according to design requirements. In the construction process, after the construction of the main pile hole with the constant inner diameter is completed, the expanding head blade can be started to conduct reaming work. Before reaming, only the rotation of the spiral drill rod is needed to be paused, the spiral drill rod is reversed, the telescopic mechanism is started, the expansion head blade is enabled to rotate outwards, the rotation angle of the expansion head blade can be judged by utilizing the variable quantity of the telescopic mechanism in the height direction, the cutting radius of the expansion head is obtained, and when the expansion head blade rotates to a set angle, the operation and locking of the telescopic mechanism are stopped. And (5) performing reaming construction by rotating the spiral drill pipe forward. By utilizing the rigid connection between the screw rod and the outer sleeve and the rigid connection between the connecting rod and the expanding head blade, the error of the expanding head blade in the rotating process can be limited in a smaller deviation range, and the reaming construction can be completed with high precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a variable cross-section helical drilling tool.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the drill bit with the enlarged bit blades in the retracted position.
Fig. 4 is an outline view of the drill bit.
Fig. 5 is another enlarged cross-sectional view of the drill bit with the enlarged head blades in the deployed position.
Fig. 6 is a view in the direction A-A of fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a construction flow chart of a bored pile.
Detailed Description
In the present application, the bottom end, lower end face, top end or top indicating the direction are all descriptions of the variable cross-section helical drilling tool in an upright state.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a variable cross-section screw drill will be further described.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a variable cross-section auger assembly is shown in an embodiment that includes a guide 70 and an auger stem 60 mounted on the guide 70, the auger stem 60 having a central axis 200, the central axis 200 being parallel to an axis N, the guide 70 including a guide frame 71 and a guide rail 72 mounted on the guide frame 71.
The auger stem 60 includes a auger stem 66 and a drill bit portion 100 mounted at a bottom end of the auger stem, the auger stem 66 having a central stem 64 and auger blades 65 helically surrounding the central stem 64. In this embodiment, the central rod 64 is a hollow rod.
Referring to fig. 3-6, the drill part 100 includes an outer sleeve 11, a guide rod 21, a connecting rod 37 and an enlarged-head blade 30, one end of the outer sleeve 11 being fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the screw rod via a flange 14. The outer sleeve 11 is sleeved on the guide rod 21, one end of the guide rod 21 extends away from the screw rod 66 and extends out of the outer sleeve 11, and a drill bit 24 is formed at the end part of one end of the guide rod 21 extending out of the outer sleeve; a guide member is provided between the outer sleeve 11 and the guide rod 21, along which relative movement between the outer sleeve 11 and the guide rod 21 can be generated in the axial direction under the action of an external force, and which can prevent relative rotation between the outer sleeve and the guide rod.
In this embodiment, a first key groove 53 is formed in the inner wall of the outer sleeve, a second key groove 54 is formed in the outer wall of the guide rod, and an elongated key 51 is mounted between the first key groove 53 and the second key groove 54, and for ease of installation, the key 51 is fixed to the guide rod by a countersunk head bolt 52. Where first keyway 53 extends through both end faces of outer sleeve 11, it will be appreciated that in other embodiments first keyway 53 may extend through only an end face of one end of outer sleeve 11. The first key groove, the second key groove and the key together form a guide member.
In other embodiments, the guide member may be provided with other means, for example, a key groove may be formed in only one of the inner side surface of the outer sleeve and the outer side surface of the guide rod, and a protruding strip capable of being inserted into the key groove may be fixedly provided in the other one of the two.
One end of the enlarged footing blade 30 is connected to the outer wall of the outer sleeve via a first hinge shaft 34, one end of a connecting rod 37 is connected to the outer wall of the end of the guide rod 21 extending out of the outer sleeve 11 via a second hinge shaft 26, and the other end of the connecting rod 37 is connected to the enlarged footing blade via a third hinge shaft 33.
In particular, in the present embodiment, the lugs 12 are provided on the outer wall of the outer sleeve, and the first hinge shaft 34 is provided on the lugs 12 so that the enlarged head cutter 30 can be smoothly folded down. A hoop 22 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the end of the guide rod 21 extending out of the outer sleeve 11, the hoop 22 is fixed on the guide rod via a fastening bolt 25, and the second hinge shaft is mounted on the hoop 22. Of course, the second hinge shaft may also be directly mounted on the guide rod. The third hinge shaft 33 is provided at the middle portion of the enlarged head blade.
The guide rod is movable relative to the outer sleeve in the axial direction by the external force to radially expand or contract the enlarged head blade, and when the enlarged head blade is in the contracted state, the third hinge shaft 33 is closer to the central axis 200 of the auger stem relative to the first hinge shaft 34 in the radial direction. The third hinge shaft 33 and the first hinge shaft 34 can form a dead point, so that the expansion head blade is outwards unfolded under the action of soil body during construction, and the normal operation of construction is disturbed.
The enlarged head blade 30 has an extended position and a retracted position, the enlarged head blade being in a maximally extended state when the enlarged head blade 30 is in the extended position, the enlarged head blade being in the extended position in the state shown in fig. 4. When the enlarged head blade is in the contracted position, the enlarged head blade is in the contracted state, and in the state shown in fig. 3, the enlarged head blade is in the contracted position.
To ensure that the expansion head blade 30 can be rotated smoothly between the extended position and the retracted position, the line 38 of the first articulation axis 34, which is oriented toward the third articulation axis 33, extends obliquely in the direction of the drill bit when the expansion head blade is in the extended position, the angle α between the line 38 and the central axis 200 being less than 90 °. In particular, in this embodiment, the included angle α is approximately 60 °. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the angle α may also be 80 °, 70 ° or 30 °. The central axis 200 is parallel to the axis N, i.e. the angle α between the ray 38 and the axis N is less than 90 °.
When the expansion head blade 30 is in the expanded position, that is, when the expansion head blade is in the maximum expanded state, the rotation radius of the expansion head blade is larger than the rotation radius of the first screw blade 23 described later and larger than the rotation radius of the screw 66.
When the guide rod 21 is retracted into the outer sleeve 11, the enlarged-head blade 30 is rotated from the retracted position about the first hinge axis to the extended position. In operation, the guide rod 21 is kept in a fixed position, and the outer sleeve 11 moves toward the drill bit 24, thereby causing the guide rod to retract toward the outer sleeve.
The guide device is provided with a supporting part 76 and a limiting part 75, and the supporting part and the limiting part can reciprocate along the guide device, and in the embodiment, the supporting part and the limiting part are both arranged on the guide rail 72, and in order to facilitate the movement, the supporting part is provided with a roller 73, and the roller 73 is clamped in a clamping groove of the guide rail, so that the supporting part can move along the guide rail.
The support portion 76 and the restriction portion 75 are disposed adjacently along the guide, and when the guide is vertically disposed, the restriction portion 75 is located on the upper side of the support portion 76, and the drive motor 62 for driving the auger stem 60 to rotate is mounted on the support portion 76, and the output shaft of the drive motor 62 is connected to the tip end of the center rod 64 via the transmission 61. In order to avoid the relative rotation between the limiting portion 75 and the supporting portion 76, a locking device 74 is installed between the limiting portion 75 and the supporting portion 76, in this embodiment, a plug is specifically installed on the side walls of the limiting portion 75 and the supporting portion 76, and a plug board 741 and a fixing ring 742 of the plug are respectively installed on the side walls of the limiting portion 75 and the supporting portion 76, and after the plug rod 743 passes through the plug board 741 and the fixing ring 742, the limiting portion 75 is connected to the supporting portion 76.
A telescopic mechanism capable of expanding or reducing the distance between the support portion and the restriction portion is mounted between the support portion 76 and the restriction portion 75. In the present embodiment, the telescopic mechanism employs a hydraulic jack 63. It will be appreciated that the hydraulic jack may also be replaced by a mechanical jack. The hydraulic and mechanical jacks may be either standard or custom made on the current market, or similar devices, such as mechanical jacks that may use threaded rods and nuts that engage together.
When the screw rod and the nut which are meshed together are used as the telescopic mechanism, the screw rod can be fixed on one of the supporting part and the limiting part, the nut is movably abutted against the other of the supporting part and the limiting part, and the distance between the supporting part and the limiting part can be adjusted by rotating the nut. Of course, the nut can be fixed, and the screw rod can be movably arranged.
It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the restriction 75 may be located on the underside of the support 76.
The guide device is provided with a limiting part, the limiting part is provided with a clamping part which can be fixedly connected with the limiting part, and when the clamping part is fixedly connected with the limiting part, the limiting part is fixed on the guide device. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the limiting portion is two limiting holes 77 provided at the bottom of the guide rail 72, the holding portion is two pins 771 inserted into the limiting holes 77 after passing through the limiting portion 75, and the limiting portion 75 is provided with a hole through which the pin 771 passes.
In the present embodiment, the supporting portion 76 is provided at the lower side of the restricting portion 75, and when the bit position is restricted and the restricting portion is fixed to the guide, the hydraulic jack 63 is actuated to extend the piston of the jack, and the supporting portion drives the screw rod and the outer sleeve to move toward the bit 24 to rotate the enlarged-bit blade about the first hinge shaft from the retracted position to the extended position. It will be appreciated that when the support 76 is disposed above the restriction 75, and the drill position is restricted and the restriction is secured to the guide, actuation of the hydraulic jack shortens the piston of the jack, causing the enlarged head blade to rotate about the first hinge axis from the retracted position to the extended position.
The telescopic mechanism can enable the supporting part to move along the axial direction relative to the limiting part, so that the screw rod and the outer sleeve are driven to move relative to the guide rod, and the expanding head blade rotates around the first hinge shaft between the expanding position and the contracting position.
In the present embodiment, the enlarged head blade 30 includes a blade body 31 and blade teeth 32 mounted on the blade body 31, the blade body 31 having a plate shape extending in the axial direction; the cutter teeth 32 are mounted on the outer edge of the cutter body. To facilitate the cutting of the soil, cutter teeth 32 are mounted on opposite sides of the outer edge of the cutter body. The cutter body 31 is substantially elongated, and when the enlarged head blade 30 is in the retracted position, the cutter teeth are located on a side of the cutter body facing the outer sleeve and a side facing away from the outer sleeve, respectively, the cutter teeth extending substantially in a radial direction. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the cutter teeth may be provided on only the side of the cutter body facing away from the outer sleeve when the enlarged head blade 30 is in the retracted position. That is, when the enlarged footing blade is in the retracted position, the cutter teeth are mounted on at least the side of the cutter body facing away from the outer sleeve.
In order to avoid or reduce the ingress of soil and water into the gap between the outer sleeve 11 and the guide rod 21, a sealing device 40 is provided between the outer sleeve and the guide rod, which seals the gap between the outer sleeve and the guide rod. In the present embodiment, the sealing device 40 includes a sealing cover 41 having a cylindrical shape, the sealing cover 41 is sleeved on the guide rod 21 and is sealingly connected to the lower end surface of the outer sleeve 11, and the sealing cover 41 is fastened to the outer sleeve 11 by a connecting bolt 42. A first seal ring 43 is mounted between the seal cover 41 and the guide rod 21. In other embodiments, a second seal ring may also be provided directly between the inner side of the outer sleeve and the outer side of the guide rod.
In order to facilitate cutting of the soil body and outputting of the cut soil body out of the pile hole in time, a first spiral blade 23 is arranged on the outer wall of the guide rod, and the first spiral blade 23 is located between the second hinge shaft and the drill bit. A second helical blade 13 is provided on the outer side of the outer sleeve. The first spiral blade on the guide rod is mainly used for cutting soil body, and the second spiral blade on the outer sleeve is mainly used for conveying the soil body outwards. Namely, the outer side surface of the guide rod and the outer side surface of the outer sleeve are respectively provided with a spiral blade.
In the present embodiment, a hooking member 36 is mounted on the enlarged head blade 30, the hooking member 36 is mounted on the cutter body 31, and a hook having a hooking surface 361 is formed on the hooking member 36, the hooking surface 361 being capable of hooking on the lower end surface of the sealing cover 41 when the enlarged head blade 30 is in the retracted position. When the expanding head blade is in the contracted position, the hook piece is hooked on the outer sleeve through the sealing cover, and the hook piece is indirectly hooked on the outer sleeve through the sealing cover. It will be appreciated that the hooking element may also be provided directly on the outer sleeve with a recess adapted to the hook, so that the hook is inserted into the recess. That is, the hook member may be hooked directly or indirectly on the outer sleeve.
At the lower end of the guide 70 is mounted a drill rod holder 78 through which the auger rod 60 is movably passed for restraining and guiding the auger rod. A guide wheel 79 is rotatably installed at the top of the guide 70, and one end of a drill rod sling is fixed to the top of the auger rod, and the other end of the drill rod sling extends downward while bypassing the guide wheel, through which the auger rod can be lifted off a borehole or pile hole, and the drill rod sling is not shown in the drawing.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a construction method of the bored pile is further described. In this embodiment, the variable cross-section screw drill of embodiment 1 is used, and in this embodiment, the same reference numerals as those of embodiment 1 denote the same technical features.
The construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) Referring to steps (a) and (b) of fig. 7, the guide device of the variable cross-section screw drill is installed to a set position, the enlarged-head cutter 30 is in a contracted position, the driving motor is started, the screw drill stem 60 is rotated forward and the main pile hole 91 is drilled in a set direction;
(2) Referring to step (c) in fig. 7, the height position of the auger stem 60 is maintained, the holding portion is fixedly connected to the limiting portion, the limiting portion is fixed to the guiding device, then the auger stem is reversed, the auger stem rotates at the original depth without cutting the earth downwards, the telescopic mechanism is started, the supporting portion drives the auger stem and the outer sleeve to move towards the direction of the drill bit, the guide rod retracts into the outer sleeve, the expanding head blade 30 rotates from the retracted position towards the expanding position, and after the expanding head blade 30 rotates to the expanding position, the auger stem 60 rotates forward, so as to finish the excavation of the expanding head pile hole 92; the main pile hole and the enlarged footing pile hole form a pile hole;
(3) Referring to steps (d) and (e) in fig. 7, the auger stem 60 is lifted upwards, the enlarged footing blade 30 is rotated downwards towards the direction of the retracted position under the obstruction of the soil around the pile hole, and concrete 93 is poured simultaneously, and the auger stem is lifted out of the pile hole while the concrete pouring is completed;
(4) Referring to step (f) of fig. 7, a reinforcement cage 94 is inserted into the pile hole to form a bored pile before the concrete is initially set.
The variable-section spiral drilling tool in the embodiment 1 can be used for constructing a plurality of enlarged head pile holes, when the construction of one enlarged head pile hole is completed, the rotation of the spiral drilling rod is suspended, the telescopic mechanism returns to the initial position, the spiral drilling rod is lifted upwards, the enlarged head blade rotates towards the shrinkage position under the limit of soil around the pile hole, and when the enlarged head blade is completely positioned in the main pile hole, the enlarged head blade returns to the shrinkage position; and then the spiral drill rod is rotated forwards again, earth excavation is carried out downwards, the pile hole is extended downwards, and when the pile hole reaches the set position, the construction of the enlarged-head pile hole is carried out again, so that the construction of a plurality of enlarged-head pile holes can be completed by repeating the steps.
Claims (10)
1. A variable cross-section screw drill comprising a guide device and a screw rod mounted on the guide device, the screw rod extending along an axis, the variable cross-section screw drill being characterized in that the screw rod comprises a screw rod and a bit portion mounted at the bottom end of the screw rod, the bit portion comprising an outer sleeve, a guide rod, a connecting rod and an enlarged head blade, one end of the outer sleeve being fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the screw rod; the outer sleeve is sleeved on the guide rod, one end of the guide rod extends away from the spiral rod and extends out of the outer sleeve, and a drill bit is formed at the end part of the guide rod, which extends out of one end of the outer sleeve;
One end of the expansion head blade is connected to the outer wall of the outer sleeve through a first hinge shaft, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the outer wall of one end of the guide rod extending out of the outer sleeve through a second hinge shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the expansion head blade through a third hinge shaft; a first spiral blade is arranged on the outer wall of the guide rod, which is positioned between the second hinge shaft and the drill bit;
The expanding head blade is provided with an expanding position and a contracting position, and is in a maximum expanding state when the expanding head blade is in the expanding position; when the expanding head blade is in the contracted position, the expanding head blade is in a contracted state; when the guide rod is retracted into the outer sleeve, the expansion head blade rotates from the contracted position to the expanded position around the first hinge shaft; when the expanding head blade is in the unfolding position, the rotating radius of the expanding head blade is larger than that of the first spiral blade and larger than that of the spiral rod;
under the action of external force, the guide rod can move along the inner peripheral surface of the outer sleeve in the axial direction, so that the expansion head blade rotates between an expanding position and a contracting position, and when the expansion head blade is in a contracting state, the third hinge shaft is closer to the central axis of the spiral drill rod relative to the first hinge shaft in the radial direction;
The guide device is provided with a supporting part and a limiting part, the supporting part and the limiting part can reciprocate along the guide device, and the supporting part and the limiting part are adjacently arranged along the guide device; a driving motor for driving the spiral drill rod to rotate is arranged on the supporting part; a telescopic mechanism is arranged between the supporting part and the limiting part, and the telescopic mechanism can enlarge or reduce the distance between the supporting part and the limiting part;
the guide device is provided with a limiting part, the limiting part is provided with a clamping part which can be fixedly connected with the limiting part, and when the clamping part is fixedly connected with the limiting part, the limiting part is fixed on the guide device;
When the drill bit position is limited and the limiting part is fixed on the guiding device, the telescopic mechanism can enable the supporting part to move relative to the limiting part along the axial direction, so that the screw rod and the outer sleeve are driven to move relative to the guide rod, and the expanding head blade rotates around the first hinge shaft between the expanding position and the contracting position.
2. The variable cross-section helical drilling tool of claim 1, wherein the enlarged head blade includes a cutter body and cutter teeth mounted on the cutter body, the cutter teeth being mounted on at least a side of the cutter body facing away from the outer sleeve when the enlarged head blade is in the retracted position.
3. A variable cross-section helical drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein a guide extending in the axial direction is provided between the outer sleeve and the guide rod.
4. The variable cross-section helical drilling tool of claim 1, wherein the telescoping mechanism is a hydraulic jack or a mechanical jack.
5. A variable cross-section helical drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein sealing means are provided between the outer sleeve and the guide rod, the sealing means closing the gap between the outer sleeve and the guide rod.
6. The variable cross-section spiral drilling tool according to claim 5, wherein the sealing device comprises a cylindrical sealing cover which is sleeved on the guide rod and is in sealing connection with the lower end surface of the outer sleeve, and a first sealing ring is arranged between the sealing cover and the guide rod; or the sealing device is a second sealing ring arranged between the outer sleeve and the guide rod.
7. The variable cross-section helical drilling tool of claim 1, wherein a ray of the first articulation axis toward the third articulation axis extends obliquely toward the drill bit when the enlarged head blade is in the deployed position, the ray having an angle of less than 90 ° with the axis.
8. A variable cross-section helical drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein a second helical blade is provided on the outer side of the outer sleeve.
9. The variable area helical drilling tool of claim 1, wherein a hook member is mounted on the enlarged head blade and is hooked to the outer sleeve when the enlarged head blade is in the retracted position.
10. A construction method of a variable cross-section bored pile, characterized in that a variable cross-section spiral drilling tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, the construction method comprising the steps of:
(1) Installing a guide device of the variable-section spiral drilling tool to a set position, enabling the expansion head blade to be in a contracted position, starting a driving motor, enabling the spiral drill rod to rotate positively and drilling a main pile hole along a set direction;
(2) The height position of the spiral drill rod is kept, the clamping part is fixedly connected to the limiting part, the limiting part is fixed on the guiding device, then the spiral drill rod is reversed, the telescopic mechanism is started, the supporting part drives the spiral drill rod and the outer sleeve to move towards the direction of the drill bit, the guide rod is retracted into the outer sleeve, the expanding head blade is rotated from the retracted position to the expanded position, and then the spiral drill rod is rotated forwards, so that the excavation of the expanding head pile hole is completed; the main pile hole and the enlarged footing pile hole form a pile hole;
(3) Lifting the spiral drill rod upwards, rotating the expansion head blade downwards towards the shrinkage position under the obstruction of soil around the pile hole, and synchronously pouring concrete, and lifting the spiral drill rod out of the pile hole while completing concrete pouring;
(4) And (5) inserting a reinforcement cage into the pile hole before the initial setting of the concrete is completed, so as to form the bored pile.
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| CN110935534B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-03-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Secondary grinder for drill plug scraps of screw drill and secondary grinding method for drill plug scraps |
| CN111472688B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-06-22 | 青岛理工大学 | Self-drilling type pipe column supporting device and method thereof |
| CN111456639B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2024-06-04 | 山东建筑大学 | Adjustable soil body expansion head anchor rod drill bit and use method thereof |
| CN111980576A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-11-24 | 山河智能装备股份有限公司 | Rock-entering reaming drilling tool |
| CN116098676A (en) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-05-12 | 中国人民解放军总医院第八医学中心 | Medical drill bit |
| CN115977093A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-04-18 | 青岛理工大学 | Rotary nozzle suitable for soft soil containing large gravels and method |
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