CN109735695A - A kind of high-pressure water jet reduces the process of welding residual stress - Google Patents
A kind of high-pressure water jet reduces the process of welding residual stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN109735695A CN109735695A CN201910091047.6A CN201910091047A CN109735695A CN 109735695 A CN109735695 A CN 109735695A CN 201910091047 A CN201910091047 A CN 201910091047A CN 109735695 A CN109735695 A CN 109735695A
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- residual stress
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the processes that a kind of high-pressure water jet reduces welding residual stress, belong to welding reinforcement technique field.Using the method for the invention, its welding residual stress of test measurement is carried out to weldment using indentation method first, and then analogue simulation is carried out to weldment, obtain the simulation distribution rule of welding residual stress, select to carry out after suitable water jet technological parameter reducing again the practical operation of welding residual stress by analog result, overcoming existing high-pressure water jet reduces the problems such as by virtue of experience caused strengthening effect of operation is bad in welding residual stress method, has the advantages that precision, low energy consumption, effect are good and high-efficient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to weld reinforcement technique field, in particular to a kind of high-pressure water jet reduces the work of welding residual stress
Process.
Background technique
Welding is that two or more of the same race or dissimilar material is connected by the combination between atom or molecule with diffusion
It is connected into integrated technical process.If there are numerical value in welding structure welding residual stress excessive, unevenly distributed, it will cause
Welding structure generates the unstable failures such as cold and hot crackle, brittle fracture, fatigue fracture, stress corrosion fracture, but also can generate weldering
Deformation is connect, dimensional accuracy, the stability of structure are influenced, therefore how to improve welding residual stress into raising welding structure performance
The main problem faced.
How to efficiently control welding residual stress all the time is all the hot issue of domestic and international welding scholar concern, mesh
The conventional method of preceding control welding residual stress has post weld heat treatment, mechanical deformation method (overload stretching, oscillating aging, hammering, spray
Ball, explosive treatment etc.) and temperature difference Deformation Method.There is low stress without deformation method, transient state again in succession with the development of science and technology
Stretch welding, pulse magnetic method, with the weldering modern scientists new method such as rolled-on method and trailing peening method.Above method respectively has disadvantage,
Post weld heat treatment reduces stress effect preferably but needs to consume a large amount of energy and time, needs for austenitic stainless steel
It will be using expensive solution treatment, the at present all not thermally treated direct use of many containers;Although oscillation time-effect method energy consumption is small,
Period is short, is not suitable for but handling the high rigid elements such as slab;Although mechanism method is using relatively broad, these methods hardly possible
To reduce the residual stress of dead angle position (such as adapter tube root), so that fracture failure often results from dead angle position.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the processes that a kind of high-pressure water jet reduces welding residual stress, with effectively
The residual stress for reducing weldment solves the problems, such as weldment stress corrosion cracking and fatigue at high temperature cracking.To achieve the goals above,
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of high-pressure water jet reduces the process of welding residual stress, comprising the following steps:
(1) two stainless-steel sheet test specimens are welded together, welding point form is banjo fixing butt jointing, after weldment is cooling
It is tested using indentation method, measures the welding residual stress of weldment;
(2) using simulation model is established in finite element software ABAQUS, the regularity of distribution of welding residual stress is obtained;
(3) the mobile load subprogram DLOAD of a three-dimensional high-pressure water jet is write, is adjusted in finite element software ABAQUS
It is calculated with the subprogram, suitable technological parameter when obtaining through high-pressure water shot stream process, including water jet range, water jet
Pressure, water jets impact number and water jet movement speed;
(4) weldment is fixed on the table, it is distributed according to welding residual stress obtained in step (2) and (3)
Field and high-pressure water jet technological parameter adjust high pressure nozzle at a distance from weld seam, water jet movement speed, water jets impact number
With the initial pressure of high-voltage generator, the axis of high-pressure water jet is made to carry out shock treatment perpendicular to face of weld.
Further, in the step (1) weldment welding residual stress acquisition methods are as follows: apply KJS-2 type impression
The residual stress of method intelligence stress test system measurement welding, using resistance strain gage as measuring sensing element, in electricity
It hinders strain rosette centre and impression is manufactured using Impulsive load, Hookean region strain increment outside indented area is recorded by deformeter and is become
Change, edge can be calculated according to Hooke's law and answer nyctitropic residual stress.
Further, nozzle is transported to nozzle by ultra-high pressure water fluid jet pump perpendicular to surface of test piece, water, forms high pressure,
Impact is in surface of test piece after nozzle, water jet pressure distribution curve as shown in figure 5, high-pressure water jet to the active force of test specimen
Reduce as impulse radius increases, until being zero.
Compared with prior art, the process that a kind of high-pressure water jet of the invention reduces welding residual stress is had
Beneficial effect be:
Using the method for the invention, its welding residual stress of test measurement is carried out to weldment using indentation method first,
And then analogue simulation is carried out to weldment, the simulation distribution rule of welding residual stress is obtained, it is suitable to select by analog result
Water jet technological parameter after carry out reducing the practical operation of welding residual stress again, overcoming existing high-pressure water jet reduces weldering
The problems such as strengthening effect caused by by virtue of experience operating in residual stress method is bad is connect, has precision, low energy consumption, effect good
And high-efficient advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is method flow schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is high-voltage water jet device schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that welding residual stress of the invention detects operation chart.
Fig. 4 is that the residual stress measurement point in the embodiment of the present invention divides schematic diagram
Fig. 5 is high-pressure water jet axle center dynamic pressure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the distribution map that residual stress changes with axle center dynamic pressure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the distribution map that residual stress changes with water jets impact number in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is residual stress in the embodiment of the present invention with the distribution map of water jets impact velocity variations.
Fig. 9 is weld dimensions welding residual stress distribution nearby in water jet load front and back in the embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, the invention will be further described in conjunction with attached drawing 1-9.
It should be understood that the embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, for explaining only the invention, and cannot
It is construed to limitation of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, reducing the operating process of the process of welding residual stress for a kind of high-pressure water jet of the present invention
Schematic diagram.As shown in Fig. 2, the device includes high-pressure water shot for the high-pressure water jet intensifying device for carrying out water jets impact
Delivery pump, pressure gauge, bracket, nozzle, test specimen, weld seam are flowed, after the test specimen being welded cooling, is fixed on workbench, adjusts
Whole nozzle and weld spacing, and the Water projectile for spraying nozzle opens high-voltage generator perpendicular to surface of test piece, starting is high
The hydraulic and baric systerm of pressure water jet delivery pump adjusts the dynamic pressure of Water projectile axle center, makes starting of the high-pressure water jet from weld seam
Position is advanced along the length direction of weld seam by given movement speed, while guaranteeing that nozzle water outlet and weld spacing are constant,
Nozzle and test specimen spacing and nozzle rate travel in step are kept, nozzle is moved back and forth 2~3 times along weld seam, closes nozzle.
Below for using 304 stainless-steel sheet butt-welds in the downhand position, illustrate that a kind of high-pressure water jet of the present invention reduces welding
The process of residual stress the following steps are included:
(1) two 304 stainless-steel sheets are welded together, welding point form is banjo fixing butt jointing, is adopted after test specimen is cooling
It is tested with indentation method, measures the welding residual stress of test specimen.It is measured using KJS-2 type indentation method intelligence stress test system
The residual stress of welding is added in strain rosette centre using impact using resistance strain gage as measuring sensing element
Manufacture impression is carried, Hookean region strain increment outside indented area is recorded by deformeter and is changed, is calculated according to Hooke's law along strain
The residual stress in direction.According to engineering experience, it is believed that welding residual stress is symmetrical about weld seam and central cross-section, the present embodiment
As shown in figure 4, taking 6 points in X direction since central cross-section, 4 points are taken along Y-direction since Weld pipe mill, adjacent two survey
Point is at a distance of 10mm, in order to improve the reliability of measurement data, carries out electrobrightening processing to region to be measured, removes region to be measured
Oxide and welding slag.Each measuring point can be tested repeatedly, and test is averaged afterwards three times, to improve the accuracy of detection.
(2) simulation model is established using finite element software ABAQUS, obtains the regularity of distribution of welding residual stress.
The simulation of steel plate welding residual stress is carried out, based on finite element software ABAQUS to determine point of welding residual stress
Cloth rule.It for the embodiment in Fig. 2~4, is modeled by finite element software ABAQUS, grid division, defined parameters, side is set
Boundary and primary condition simulate the available temperature field of heat source step, then each node temperature field computation result are output to result text
The temperature of each node is finally read in the predefined field that part is analyzed as power from predefined field, carries out interpolation calculation and is welded
The distribution of welding residual stress is grasped in residual stress field.
According to obtained by above-mentioned simulation result along longitudinal direction and lateral residual stress size and the regularity of distribution, due to structure
Symmetry, it is related along the distribution of central cross-section (Y-axis) longitudinal residual stress and along bead direction (X-axis) cross so as to obtain weld seam
Distribution to residual stress can obtain the present embodiment according to analog simulation result, and residual stress is symmetrical with weld seam distribution, meter
Calculating maximum longitudinal stress numerical value is 351MPa, is located at Weld pipe mill and is tensile stress, apart from the region Weld pipe mill axis 20mm, is indulged
Compression, the residual stress maximum value 110MPa tensile stress of heat affected area are gradually become to stress.Horizontal residual stress both ends are
Compression, centre are pressure, and amplitude is less than longitudinal residual stress, and the maximum residual stress of heat affected area is tensile stress.With this
Primary condition or basic data of the stress field as subsequent analysis, for carrying out the high-pressure water jet technological parameter in (3) step
Calculating.
(3) the mobile load subprogram DLOAD of a three-dimensional high-pressure water jet is write, is adjusted in finite element software ABAQUS
It is calculated with the subprogram, suitable technological parameter when obtaining through high-pressure water shot stream process, including water jet pressure, water jet
Number of shocks, water jet movement speed.
High-pressure water jet is to the distribution of forces curve of test specimen as shown in figure 5, specific pressure loading distribution formula is as follows:
P(r)=Pm(1-3η2+2η3)
P in above-mentioned formulamFor axle center dynamic pressure, η=r/r0, r is the jet radius at calculating position, r0For jet radius.It will
Pressure water jets impact process is regarded a distributed force with function distribution as and is loaded in face of weld, will with formula translation
Above formula is written as the mobile load subprogram DLOAD of a three-dimensional high-pressure water jet, and the subprogram is called to carry out in ABAQUS
It calculates, obtains the residual stress distribution through high-pressure water shot stream process.
Applicant has found that nozzle is more appropriate away from 30~60mm of workpiece distance under study for action, at this apart from interior residual stress
Reducing effect is more preferable, and distance is too big or too low residual stress reducing effect is not significant.Distance need to increase water jet pressure when too big
Cause energy waste, distance is too small to cause water flow serious in workpiece surface splash, and when practical operation influences the drop point of observation water flow.
Fig. 6 indicates that the face of weld maximum longitudinal residual stress of the embodiment and maximum equivalent plastic strain are dynamic with axle center
The change curve of pressure, from fig. 6 it can be seen that with the increase of high-pressure water jet axle center dynamic pressure, the residual compressive stress of weld metal zone
Also it is gradually increased, when axle center, dynamic pressure reaches 215MPa, the residual tension of weld metal zone becomes compression.Increase water jet pressure
Power, the equivalent plastic strain generated on Seam and heat effected zone increase, and the plastic deformation of generation is bigger, therefore residual stress drops
It is low to become apparent.
Weld dimensions surface of the embodiment when reducing welding residual stress using high-pressure water jet is maximum
Longitudinal residual stress and maximum equivalent plastic strain are as shown in Figure 7 with the change curve of water jets impact number.It can from Fig. 7
To obtain, the residual compressive stress on weld dimensions surface increases with the increase of number of shocks.With number of shocks
Increase, weld dimensions surface equivalent plastic strain increases, and welding residual stress reducing effect is more preferable.When water jet rushes
When hitting number and being more than 3 times, weld dimensions surface maximum equivalent plastic strain amplification very little, thus in weld seam and heat affecting
The residual stress amplification that area surface generates is also smaller.When water jets impact number reaches 4 times or more, residual compressive stress amplification compared with
It is small.To consider working efficiency and economy, select to be advisable for water jets impact number 2~3 times in actual process.
Keeping the high-pressure water shot a fluid stream axle center dynamic pressure in nozzle is 215MPa, and water intaking jet impulse speed is respectively
The pressure water jets impact of 0.001m/s, 0.003m/s, 0.005m/s, 0.008m/s, 0.010m/s are in test specimen weld seam and hot shadow
It rings in area, obtains the maximum longitudinal residual stress of face of weld on test specimen and maximum equivalent plastic strain with water jets impact
The change curve of speed is as shown in Figure 8.As can be seen from Figure 8, with the increase of pressure water jets impact speed, face of weld
Maximum equivalent plastic strain does not change substantially, i.e., generates without apparent plastic deformation, then in the residual of weld dimensions
Residue stress size does not change substantially.
By analogue simulation, selected technological parameter are as follows: in welded seam area, axle center dynamic pressure is 215MPa (material for test surrender
0.87 times of the limit), number of shocks is 3 times, and water jet movement speed is 0.01m/s.In heat affected area, axle center dynamic pressure is
150MPa (0.59 times of material for test yield limit), number of shocks are 2 times, and water jet movement speed is 0.02m/s.
Analysis result after the completion of calculating, remnants of the comparison through high-pressure water jet weld dimensions before and after the processing
Stress situation.By the available high-pressure water jet of comparison before and after the processing for the effect of reduction welding residual stress, from Fig. 9
As can be seen that the test specimen in illustrated embodiment is after High Pressure Water Jet, residual stress is substantially reduced.By analyzing above
It is found that after high-pressure water shot stream process, the residual stress of face of weld and heat affected area has and significantly reduces.To weld seam
Area and heat affected area use different impact parameters, can reach it is ideal reduce residual stress effect and reduce at
Sheet and energy consumption.
(4) test specimen is fixed on the table, according to welding residual stress distribution field described in step (2) and (3) and
High-pressure water jet technological parameter adjusts high pressure nozzle at a distance from weld seam, water jet movement speed, water jets impact number and height
The initial pressure of pressure generating apparatus makes the axis of high-pressure water jet carry out shock treatment perpendicular to face of weld.
The shock treatment that test specimen is carried out according to above-mentioned technological parameter, in impact process, control high-pressure water jet is along flat
Row is moved back and forth in bead direction.After the test, it in order to verify the beneficial effect that the method for the invention reaches, carries out again
The residual stress test of same position as shown in Fig. 3~4, obtain longitudinal maximum crushing stress that test value is commissure be-
172MPa, simulation calculation stress -185MPa, error 8%, it is tensile stress 328MPa, emulation that longitudinal maximum stress is tested before impacting
Calculate stress 351MPa, error 7%.After high-pressure water shot stream process, longitudinal tension stress is converted for compression, for examination
The fatigue behaviour of part is beneficial, illustrates to have achieved the effect that reduce welding residual stress.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is by appended claims and its equivalent limits.
Claims (2)
1. the process that a kind of high-pressure water jet reduces welding residual stress, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) two stainless-steel sheet test specimens are welded together, welding point form is banjo fixing butt jointing, is used after weldment is cooling
Indentation method is tested, and the welding residual stress of weldment is measured;
(2) simulation model is established using finite element software ABAQUS, obtains the regularity of distribution of weldment welding residual stress;
(3) the mobile load subprogram DLOAD of a three-dimensional high-pressure water jet is write, calling in finite element software ABAQUS should
Subprogram is calculated, suitable technological parameter when obtaining through high-pressure water shot stream process, including water jet range, water jet pressure
Power, water jets impact number and water jet movement speed;
(4) weldment is fixed on the table, according to welding residual stress distribution field obtained in step (2) and (3) and
High-pressure water jet technological parameter adjusts high pressure nozzle at a distance from weld seam, water jet movement speed, water jets impact number and height
The initial pressure of pressure generating apparatus makes the axis of high-pressure water jet carry out shock treatment perpendicular to face of weld.
2. the process that a kind of high-pressure water jet according to claim 1 reduces welding residual stress, it is characterised in that:
The welding residual stress acquisition methods of weldment in the step (1) are as follows: apply KJS-2 type indentation method intelligence stress test system
The residual stress for measuring welding, using resistance strain gage as measuring sensing element, in strain rosette centre using punching
Load manufacture impression is hit, Hookean region strain increment outside indented area is recorded by deformeter and is changed, calculates edge according to Hooke's law
Answer nyctitropic residual stress.
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Cited By (3)
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CN110102924A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-09 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A method of for controlling correction large-size box structural member fillet weld deformation |
CN111334658A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-26 | 西南交通大学 | Method for reducing welding residual stress of orthotropic steel bridge deck |
CN115121981A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Cavitation water jet strengthening process for cross-shaped welded joint structure |
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CN115121981B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-06-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Cavitation water jet strengthening process for cross welding joint structure |
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