CN109733437A - A kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems - Google Patents
A kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN109733437A CN109733437A CN201910083646.3A CN201910083646A CN109733437A CN 109733437 A CN109733437 A CN 109733437A CN 201910083646 A CN201910083646 A CN 201910083646A CN 109733437 A CN109733437 A CN 109733437A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems, the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end of monitoring sensor and acquisition monitoring sensing data on rail is arranged in multiple distributions, and to the cloud database that the rail health data of acquisition is analyzed, cloud database reads the ID of monitoring sensor, the temperature value and deflection value of unit time multi collect, the acquisition time of data, it obtains comparing after amount of deflection maximum value when train crosses rail is aligned, using temperature value as reference quantity, find deflection value extremely and be more than the installation point position of secure threshold, obtain the physical location of corresponding problem rail.Using passive scheme, front end is converted to electric energy using rail vibration mechanical energy and powers, realization reduces cost and no supervision, it is not required to wired power supply, monitoring by sensor to rail simple parameter realizes the automation generaI investigation of rail structure body health, reduces hardware cost, monitoring efficiency is promoted, realizes comprehensive covering of rail.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rail health monitoring systems technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health
Monitoring system.
Background technique
However, whether large-scale inspection car or hand propelled flaw detection trolley, have a common problem, that is, occupy iron
Route road,.Meanwhile it can be found that flaw detection vehicle cost is high, even a most common flaw detection trolley from network data
Also tens of thousands of members are wanted.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of rail health monitoring systems of cheap convenient fixed installation formula, to solve the currently monitored hand
Section time interval is long, low efficiency and the problem for influencing railway operation.
China railways revenue kilometres are up to 12.7 ten thousand kilometers, wherein a large amount of rail are on active service under dynamic heavy load for a long time, easily
There is the even fracture of burn into deformation, abrasion, crackle, seriously affects traffic safety.Rail health monitoring is that train is maintained to transport safely
Capable necessary means, because of rail aging, fracture, caused train derailment accident has become the first killer of safe train operation.
To prevent railway track failure, usually there are two types of methods: using lossless detection method to the rail under service state
Carry out the inspection of defect hurt and health monitoring.Wherein, non-destructive testing at present and assessment technology are directed to rail aging performance, predominantly
Guided wave detection and two class of track probe vehicles, have higher detection accuracy, but expensive, and professional is needed to go to scene
Monitoring, manpower and material resources consumption is huge, and needs to occupy track in monitoring, influences train operation, is unable to all weather operations, and nothing
The dynamic monitoring of method realization rail health status.These reasons result in the monitoring gap periods of traditional monitoring scheme up to 6
It~12 months, cannot achieve real-time monitoring, and be difficult to take into account the track of remote districts, leave some potential safety problems.Using
Non-destructive testing and assessment technology realize that the fast inspection of railway track can effectively find steel rail defect hurt, however high-speed railway
Widespread adoption cause carry out rail inspection and maintenance " skylight phase " be gradually shortened, divide different time intervals carry out periodicity
Ground rail inspection is difficult to obtain the status information of rail in time.
And health monitoring realizes railway track structural health conditions by installation permanent sensors and building sensor network
Real-time monitoring, facilitate the service state for comprehensively understanding rail, in time find failure simultaneously carry out state-maintenance, but rail knot
Structure health status monitoring system needs to install a large amount of sensing nodes.And existing sensor node cost is excessively high, cannot achieve highly dense
Degree distribution and all standing, and either wired power supply or battery powered system, later maintenance require to spend big
The manpower and material resources of amount.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a low cost and the efficient rail health monitoring systems that formula is fixedly mounted, with cheap
Cost realizes relatively broad covering surface, so that it is long to solve the currently monitored means time interval, low efficiency and influences railway fortune
Capable problem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: solve current rail health monitoring be mainly guided wave detection and two class of track probe vehicles,
Expensive, and need professional's field monitoring, manpower and material resources consumption is huge, and when monitoring needs to occupy track, it is difficult to take into account
The track of remote districts, provides a kind of intelligence at the problem of cannot achieve the real-time automatic monitoring of all rail overlay areas
Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems, including multiple distributions are arranged on rail acquisition rail and are good for
The monitoring sensor of health data and the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end for reading monitoring sensing data, further include to intelligence
The cloud database that the data that passive rail monitoring perception front end is read are analyzed, wherein before Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception
End includes: master control borad, and master control borad is connected with wireless communication module, further includes the vibrational energy acquisition module being arranged on rail,
Vibrational energy acquisition module electric energy output end is connected with power management module, and it is before monitoring perceives that power management module, which exports electric energy,
End is whole to power with monitoring sensor, and master control borad connection monitoring sensor controller works and read its data, monitors sensor
It include thermometer and deflectometer, the health data of wireless communication module and external communications equipment communication real-time Transmission rail；
The ID of each monitoring sensor and the physical location of its installation point are stored in master control borad, cloud database reads prison
When surveying the acquisition of the ID of sensor, the temperature value of unit time thermometer and deflectometer multi collect and deflection value and data
Between, amount of deflection maximum value when train crosses rail is obtained from the deflection value of unit time multi collect, and all monitorings are sensed
The amount of deflection maximum value of device installation point compares after being aligned, and using temperature value as reference quantity, find deflection value is more than safety threshold extremely
The installation point position of value, to obtain the physical location of the problem rail of the extremely high correspondence of deflection value.
Further, the amount of deflection maximum value obtains process are as follows: will first obtain from the deflection value of unit time multi collect
Train crosses the deflection value period of change of each monitoring sensor installation point on rail, finds out this from deflection value period of change
The amount of deflection maximum value of installation point.
Further, the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end includes the intelligent nothing that multiple blanket types are arranged on rail
The monitoring section of source rail monitoring perception front end, adjacent Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with each other, each intelligence nothing
Source rail monitoring perception front end communicates the health data of real-time Transmission rail with cloud database respectively,
Further, each Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with multiple monitorings positioned at different installation points
Sensor.
Further, the vibrational energy acquisition module uses mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module, is coaxially mounted on main shaft
The first driving gear and the second driving gear, and be provided between the first driving gear and the second driving gear and main shaft unidirectional
The agreeing with respectively for side of bearing, the first driving gear and the second driving gear is provided with the first rack gear and the second rack gear, and first
Rack gear and the second rack gear direction are oppositely arranged, first driving gear and second driving gear by vibratory drive its respectively in the first tooth
Upper and lower relative displacement is rotated and occurred on item and the second rack gear, and main shaft is by unilateral bearing, the first driving gear and the second driving
Gear drives jointly and keeps one-directionally rotating, and the gearbox for accelerating to main axis is also equipped on main shaft, gearbox
Axis connection generator is exported, generator is generated electricity by the output shaft rotate driving of gearbox, is additionally provided on generator for making to send out
The flywheel of motor Continuous Drive.
Further, the power management module includes energy stores control circuit, microcontroller, control interface and energy
Measure input/output control circuit, the energy stores control circuit, control interface, energy input output control circuit difference
Microcontroller is connected, the energy stores control circuit connects control interface, and the energy stores control circuit connects energy
Measure input/output control circuit, in which:
Energy input output control circuit: the AC or DC electricity for inputting to vibrational energy acquisition module is converted
And pressure stabilizing and to the electric energy for being output to the monitoring each component in perception front end and monitoring sensor power supply carry out AC or DC conversion and
Pressure stabilizing；
Energy stores control circuit: it is converted for being inputted to vibrational energy acquisition module through energy input output control circuit
Electric energy pressure limiting, detection, energy storage and the distribution output of processing；
Control interface: for connecting microcontroller, energy stores control circuit and energy input output control circuit
Control port；
Microcontroller: for controlling the work of the whole each control circuit module of power management module.
Further, the system controls work using energy events driving method, and method includes the following steps:
Step 1: vibrational energy acquisition module acquires and stores the energy of rail vibration generation, while perceiving power management mould
The storage energy of block early period；
Step 2: whether the storage energy that power management module is judged according to step 1 is more than system operation threshold, if being more than,
Then drive system works；If not exceeded, then returning to step 1 continues the energy acquired, in storage environment.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, in the present invention, using passive scheme, electric energy is converted to using the mechanical energy of rail vibration and is powered, realizing reduces
The purpose of cost and no supervision is not required to wired power supply, the monitoring by sensor to rail simple parameter, realizes rail knot
The automation of structure body health is generally investigated, and is reduced hardware cost, is improved monitoring efficiency, realize comprehensive covering of rail.Either
Crack is still corroded and the aging conditions such as all kinds of deformations, the amount of deflection performance generated when finally can all be passed through by train.Work as column
When vehicle crosses, as long as there are any aging blemiss for rail, bigger amount of deflection can be all shown at corresponding temperature.Pass through comparison
The data of difference monitoring sensor can find out overaging rail position quickly, realize that the automation in monitoring section is general
It looks into.This scheme will not influence train operation, carries special equipment without professional and goes to field monitoring, compared to tradition side
For the monitoring method that case scans paragraph by paragraph, greatly reduces manpower and material resources cost and improve real-time.Due to temperature and amount of deflection
Data only need very simple equipment to be acquired, and the volume production cost of each monitoring sensor can be down to 5 yuan or less, it is easy to accomplish
High density covering.It can be further decreased into such a way that the monitoring sensor of multiple and different installation points shares a perception front end
This, and realize comprehensive covering to railroad track.Further, since this scheme does not influence train operation, when can monitor train operation
The real work situation of rail has higher for not having the case where train operation in monitoring compared to existing all kinds of methods
Accuracy and validity.
2, in the present invention, vibrational energy acquisition module is vibrated the pressure of generation using rack gear or driving direct geared
The elastic force of thrust and vibrating object makes that gear is driven to rotate on rack gear and upper and lower relative displacement occurs, drives gear
To driving spindle rotation input mechanical energy, controlling two driving gears by unilateral bearing during rotation can only be a side
Torque is transmitted to main shaft upwards, so that main shaft keeps a direction rotation in the reciprocatory movement of complex vibration, and is passed through
Driven generator after gearbox accelerates, generator, which runs at high speed, exports electric energy, and the present invention is larger using being generated by low-frequency vibration
Pressure thrust and the larger elastic force of vibrating object drive, and mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module can be made to obtain high-power
Mechanical energy input works by the driving force of vibration, gets rid of vibration acceleration and frequency limit, can be real under low-frequency vibration
Existing high-power output, and special mechanical structure improves the efficiency of transmission of mechanical energy, motor can drive in the compound movement of vibration
Dynamic lower up to tens of watts of output of regulated power, about the 1000 of conventional energy acquisition module times, can be used for powerful monitoring
Etc. systems use, it is applied widely.And mechanical structure, it is easy to customize, is adapted to various section all standings, can adapt to
All kinds of adverse circumstances, have the longer adaptation service life and volume production is at low cost, are easy to volume production and extensive use.It is additionally provided on generator
For making the flywheel of generator Continuous Drive or directlying adopt the generator of built-in flywheel, in some vibrational energies and discontinuous
In the case where, it can be by flywheel by generator Continuous Drive, in order to which more smoothly to run output more stable for generator
Electric energy, promoted energy conversion efficiency.
3, in the present invention, Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end uses the vibrational energy acquisition driven based on rail vibration
The mechanical energy of rail vibration is converted high-power electric energy by module, and power management module is by the electric energy of vibrational energy acquisition module
It is allocated output and energy storage, is automatically waken up in vibrational energy acquisition module inputing power and starts to export electric energy as master control borad confession
Electricity to be not required to the power supply of wired and battery, be also not required to waste of manpower and the energy for assembly power supply each in this front end, mountable any
Remote section realizes passive long-range real-time automation rail monitoring generaI investigation, while reducing monitoring cost, improves prison
Survey efficiency.Master control borad is started to work when train passes through, and control monitoring sensor acquires data, and master control borad reads monitoring sensing simultaneously
The data of device acquisition, and base station is sent to by long range wireless communication module, the data for perceiving front end are integrated in base station
And it is sent to cloud database, this completes the real-time monitorings once automated.Can when train passes through real-time monitoring
And data are transmitted, dynamic monitoring is realized, the true function situation of rail, exists compared to traditional scheme when can monitor train operation
Rail is in for zero load or low load condition when monitoring, has higher accuracy.Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end
Including multiple blanket types, the monitoring perception of the Intelligent Passive rail on rail front end, adjacent Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception are set
The monitoring section of front end is connected with each other, and each perception front end can work independently, and is realized with cheap cost to monitoring section
Covering, rail monitoring data are more comprehensive and accurate comprehensively.
4, in the present invention, power management module includes including energy stores control circuit, microcontroller, control interface
The exchange that is used to input vibrational energy acquisition module with energy input output control circuit, energy input output control circuit or
Direct current carries out conversion and pressure stabilizing and carries out AC or DC conversion to the electric energy for being output to each component power supply in monitoring perception front end
And pressure stabilizing；Energy stores control circuit is used for: being inputted to vibrational energy acquisition module and is converted through energy input output control circuit
Electric energy pressure limiting, detection, energy storage and the distribution output of processing；Control interface is used for: connection microcontroller, energy stores control
The control port of circuit and energy input output control circuit；Microcontroller is used for: control power management module integrally each control
The work of circuit module processed.It is produced electricl energy when train crosses, power management module automatic power, monitoring front end work monitoring number
According to, since the energy of input is the electric energy that vibrational energy acquisition module is converted from abnormal energy, the opportunity of input energy and
Power is unpredictable and uncontrolled, while energy limited source, and efficient dynamic power may be implemented in power management module
Management, and have preferable versatility, front end can be allowed steadily to work.Microcontroller is examined in energy input output control circuit
It is automatically waken up when having measured electric energy input and starts control output electric energy for master control borad power supply, after electric energy end of input in setting
Interior maintenance exports electric energy, terminates output electric energy after setting time and waits the electric energy input vibrated next time, in reality
Hardware deterioration is reduced as far as possible on the basis of existing effect rail monitoring, extends lifetime of system, utmostly to realize no supervision, exempt from
The purpose of maintenance.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair
The restriction of range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also be according to this
A little attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems integrated stand composition of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is Intelligent Passive rail of the present invention monitoring perception front end overall structure block diagram；
Schematic diagram is arranged in Fig. 3 Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end blanket type on rail of the present invention
Fig. 4 is mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module structural schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 5 is unilateral bearing schematic diagram in mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention
When Fig. 6 is downward for the vibration of mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention in the case where the direction controlling of unilateral bearing acts on
The operation schematic diagram of sliding tooth wheel drive main shaft one-directional rotation；
When Fig. 7 is upward for the vibration of mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention in the case where the direction controlling of unilateral bearing acts on
The operation schematic diagram of sliding tooth wheel drive main shaft one-directional rotation；
Fig. 8 is that the mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention installs and uses schematic diagram on common railway；
Fig. 9 is that the mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module of the present invention installs and uses schematic diagram on non-fragment orbit；
Figure 10 is power management module structural block diagram of the present invention；
Energy stores control circuit Figure 11 of the invention；
Figure 12 is voltage regulator circuit figure of the invention；
Figure 13 is analog to digital conversion circuit figure of the invention；
Figure 14 is ac-dc converter circuit of the invention；
Figure 15 is microcontroller circuit figure of the invention；
Figure 16 is present invention monitoring perception front-end collection temperature and deflection data operation principle schematic diagram；
Figure 17 is the work flow diagram of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems of the present invention；
Figure 18 is the flow chart of energy events driving method of the present invention；
Figure 19 is the present invention as rail bending stiffness H=60KN/mm, TEMPERATURE FORCE N=200KN, under different force under (P)
Deflection curve figure；
Figure 20 is the present invention as rail pressure P=2KN, rail bending stiffness H=60KN/mm, under different temperatures power (N)
Deflection curve figure；
Figure 21 is the present invention as rail bending stiffness H=60KN/mm, the amount of deflection and external force and temperature of rail center point x
Relational graph between power；
Marked in the figure: the driving gear of 1- first, the driving gear of 2- second, 3- main shaft, the first rack gear of 4-, the second rack gear of 5-,
6- unilateral bearing, 7- gearbox, 8- generator, 9- roadbed, 10- rail, 11- sleeper, 12- roller, 13- outer ring, 14- inner ring,
15- flywheel.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention, i.e., described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is logical
The component for the embodiment of the present invention being often described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and be designed with a variety of different configurations.
Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below claimed
The scope of the present invention, but be merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the relational terms of term " first " and " second " or the like be used merely to an entity or
Operation is distinguished with another entity or operation, and without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation, there are any
This actual relationship or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant be intended to it is non-exclusive
Property include so that include a series of elements process, method, article or equipment not only include those elements, but also
Further include other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment it is intrinsic
Element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that including described
There is also other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment of element.With reference to embodiments to spy of the invention
Performance of seeking peace is described in further detail.
A kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems, as shown in Figure 1, including that multiple distributions are arranged on rail
It acquires the monitoring sensor of rail health data and reads the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end of monitoring sensing data, also
Including monitoring the cloud database analyzed of data that perception front end is read to Intelligent Passive rail, wherein Intelligent Passive rail
Monitoring perception front end is as shown in Figure 2, comprising: master control borad, master control borad are connected with wireless communication module, further include being arranged on rail
Vibrational energy acquisition module, vibrational energy acquisition module electric energy output end is connected with power management module, power management module
Exporting electric energy is monitoring perception front end entirety and monitoring sensor power supply, and master control borad connection monitors sensor controller work and reads
Its data is taken, monitoring sensor includes thermometer and deflectometer, and wireless communication module and external communications equipment communication pass in real time
The health data of defeated rail；
Stored in master control borad each monitoring sensor ID and its installation point physical location, cloud database by with
Monitoring perception front end communication reads the temperature value of the ID, unit time thermometer and deflectometer multi collect that monitor sensor and scratches
The acquisition time of angle value and data obtains amount of deflection when train crosses rail from the deflection value of unit time multi collect
Maximum value is compared after being aligned the amount of deflection maximum value of all monitoring sensor installation points, using temperature value as reference quantity, is found
Deflection value is more than the installation point position of secure threshold extremely, to obtain the physical bit of the problem rail of the extremely high correspondence of deflection value
It sets.
Further, the amount of deflection maximum value obtains process are as follows: will first obtain from the deflection value of unit time multi collect
Train crosses the deflection value period of change of each monitoring sensor installation point on rail, finds out this from deflection value period of change
The amount of deflection maximum value of installation point.
Rail sag curve equation by taking the rail of one section of 4M long seamless steel as an example, under elastic restraint are as follows:
Wherein: P is external force, and N is that (TEMPERATURE FORCE is the tension generated when rail expands with heat and contract with cold to TEMPERATURE FORCE, is received when rail cools down
N > 0 when contracting, N < 0 when expanded by heating.TEMPERATURE FORCE has temperature when rail installation related to operating temperature.Operating temperature is higher than peace
Expanded by heating when temperature when dress, on the contrary it shrinks.), H is rail bending stiffness, and y is rail amount of deflection, and x is stress point position, and α is
The linear expansion coefficient of rail, k are the half power of TEMPERATURE FORCE and rail bending stiffness ratio, i.e.,
It is obtained according to above-mentioned formula:
As rail bending stiffness H=60KN/mm, TEMPERATURE FORCE N=200KN, the sag curve under different force under (P) is such as
Shown in Figure 19.
As rail pressure P=2KN, rail bending stiffness H=60KN/mm, the sag curve under different temperatures power (N) is such as
Shown in Figure 20.
Relationship as rail bending stiffness H=60KN/mm, between the amount of deflection and external force and TEMPERATURE FORCE of rail center point x
As shown in figure 21.
Above it can be concluded that amount of deflection maximum value data principle of contrast are as follows: when train groups cross, the amount of deflection of a certain stress point
And external force, TEMPERATURE FORCE, rail bending stiffness and installation site have relationship.But it is same in train for a certain specific point
When wheel group crosses, external force and installation site have just been fixed, at this point, the amount of deflection of rail is just only and temperature and rail bending stiffness
It is related.Therefore, we measure temperature as reference and represent it if the amount of deflection of rail this stress point at this temperature is abnormal
Bending stiffness is abnormal (intensity decline), then there are certain aging or damage situations for the stress point.When amount of deflection exceptional value is more than certain
One threshold value (need expert to set by actual environment, can measure in the actual environment its can normal use it is not damaged
Rail bending stiffness minimum in hidden trouble scope, the amount of deflection threshold value under each temperature is calculated according to temperature value), then it regards
It is excessive for rail aging, it needs replacing.This completes the monitorings to overaging rail.
The amount of deflection of rail is easiest to measure with temperature, and the two parameters can be used as the reflection of rail health degree.?
It is long-term in use, rail may generate the aging performances such as crack or corrosion to lead the decline of its intensity, cross this in train
The deflection value different from other sections will be shown when section.The amount of deflection of rail is also related with temperature simultaneously, in different temperatures
Under, rail expand with heat and contract with cold generation tension it is also not identical, temperature decline will lead to rail tensioning so that under uniform pressure
Deflection value reduces, and temperature rises then in contrast, therefore the temperature and deflection value that rail generates when measurement train driving, can be pre-
The health status in the section is surveyed, if abnormal parameters, which is likely to produce the agings shape such as crack, corrosion and deformation
Condition.It will lead to bending stiffness decline when rail generates the agings such as crack, section or corrosion, to open up at that same temperature
Reveal bigger deflection value.Due to monitoring sensor (including thermometer and deflectometer, can also include other such as pressure gauges,
The more rails of the sensor measurements such as intensitometer and environmental data) it is that high density is distributed in rail on both sides, by comparing not simultaneous interpretation
The data of sensor are just easy to find out problem rail.Its working principle is as shown in figure 16.When train crosses, before monitoring perception
The master control borad at end can for monitoring sensor provide work energy to control monitoring working sensor (or monitoring sensor it is direct
It is powered by power management module, its switching circuit for monitoring sensor is controlled to control the work of monitoring sensor by master control borad
Make), temperature collection and deflection data, master control borad are read out the data of acquisition, can be according to actual user's demand, master control borad is every
Second reads multiple sensing data, and records read access time.And stress point (the installation position of sensor corresponding with the ID of sensor
It is fixed for setting, and the physical location of each sensor installation can be stored in master control borad), every lengths of rail is in identical stress point
Data just have comparativity.Since train has multiple bogies, the amount of deflection at any point is in each bogie of train on rail
The process that meeting first increases and then decreases is all undergone when crossing is in mechanical periodicity.In each amount of deflection period of change, the maximum of rail amount of deflection
Value is all that train wheel reaches exactly to measure when monitoring sensor position, and the maximum that represent the work of this period rail is negative
Lotus.System extracts each cycle amount of deflection maximum value, and be aligned.Since train reaches each sensing
The time of device is not identical, and alignment of data can ensure that (data of comparison are that identical wheel group crosses difference for the comparativity of data comparison
The data of sensor.) since data are aligned (when wheel reaches exactly to) according to each cycle amount of deflection maximum value, even if speed
Variation, will not be affected.Next, monitoring perception front end can carry out the data that each sensor acquires to integrate concurrently
It send to base station, compares, according to the abnormality of data, find problem section.Since to will lead to its bending resistance rigid for the aging of rail
Degree decline can then make this section of rail generate bigger deflection value in the case where corresponding temperature is according to force-bearing situation.By comparing train
Same wheel group crosses the deflection value generated when different lengths of rail, then is subject to temperature as reference quantity, can find out problem rail, mention
It is preceding that it is replaced, traffic safety is improved, realizes the automation generaI investigation of rail condition in damaged.
It, can be to rail although the section or crack equivalent damage of rail can not be measured directly by this method
Degree of aging is predicted.Meanwhile the parameter of the method measurement is the real time data that rail works in train operation, is had very
Good accuracy, validity and real-time realizes efficient, the real-time monitoring of rail health parameters by lower cost.
Further, the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end includes the intelligent nothing that multiple blanket types are arranged on rail
The monitoring section of source rail monitoring perception front end, adjacent Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with each other, each intelligence nothing
Source rail monitoring perception front end communicates the health data of real-time Transmission rail with cloud database respectively, as shown in figure 3, with cheap
Cost realize that rail monitoring data are more comprehensive and accurate to comprehensive covering in monitoring section.And each perception front end can
It works independently, is independent of each other.Multiple prisons positioned at different installation points are connected in each Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end
It surveys sensor to be powered, further reduced the cost for it by the multiple monitoring sensors of a front-end control, and realizes to rail
Comprehensive covering in road.
Further, the monitoring sensor includes multiple sensors connecting with master control borad, such as in addition to necessary temperature
Except meter and deflectometer, pressure sensor, hardness transducer etc. can also be set, it is convenient to be laid out on rail, it can be accurate in real time
The various characteristics of detection rail and the normal operation for not influencing rail, it is easy to use.
When installing and using, sensor such as thermometer and deflectometer are monitored, is fixed at according to the detection characteristic of sensor
The rail position of required detection does not block rail normal operation.Master control borad and wireless communication module connected to it, power supply
Management module can be fixedly mounted on the roadbed of rail.It is logical that the general remote-wireless such as 3G, 4G can be used in wireless communication module
Letter and base station etc. transmit data.
Further, the vibrational energy acquisition module uses mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module, as shown in figure 4, including the
One driving gear 1 and the second driving gear 2, the first driving gear 1 and the second driving gear 2 are coaxially mounted on main shaft 3, and first
The side of driving gear 1, which is agreed with, is provided with the first rack gear 4, and the side of the second driving gear 2, which is agreed with, is provided with the second rack gear 5, the
One rack gear 4 and 5 direction of the second rack gear are oppositely arranged, it exists respectively by vibratory drive for the first driving gear 1 and the second driving gear 2
Rotate and occur on first rack gear 4 and the second rack gear 5 upper and lower relative displacement, the first driving gear 1 and the second driving gear 2 with
Unilateral bearing 6 is provided between main shaft 3, main shaft 3 drives gear 1 and the second driving gear 2 to drive jointly by unilateral bearing 6, first
It moves and keeps one-directionally rotating, the mechanical gear box 7 for accelerating to the rotation of main shaft 3, mechanical gear box 7 are also equipped on main shaft 3
Output axis connection generator 8, generator 8 generates electricity by the output shaft rotate driving of gearbox 7, is additionally provided with use on generator 8
In the flywheel 15 for making generator Continuous Drive.
Unilateral bearing is mounted between two drivings gear and main shafts, can only transmit torsion, that is, locking shape along a direction
State, and it is in free state in opposite direction, unilateral bearing schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 5.First driving gear and the second driving gear
It is rotated on the first rack gear and the second rack gear, thus driving spindle, and main shaft is unidirectional under the effect of the direction controlling of unilateral bearing
The specific working mode of rotation is following (right side of the first driving gear to be arranged in the first rack gear, the second rack gear is arranged second
For driving on the left of gear, another set-up mode is the left side that the first driving gear is arranged in the first rack gear, and the second rack gear is set
Set on the right side of the second driving gear, similar no longer do of working method excessively repeats): when two rack gears are transported downwards by vibratory drive
When row, as shown in fig. 6, the second driving gear lock stops, and transmitting torsion driving spindle rotation is (suitable under unilateral bearing control action
Hour hands), and the first driving gear is then in free state, does not transmit torsion.And when two rack gears are run up by vibratory drive
When, as shown in fig. 7, the first driving gear lock stops, transmit torque and the second driving gear is in free state, main shaft still along
It rotates clockwise.By flywheel by generator Continuous Drive, flywheel is used for storage section rotation potential energy, impact is eliminated, to increase
The stationarity of forceful electric power machine operating exports more stable electric energy in order to which generator is more smoothly run, promotes energy conversion
Efficiency can directly adopt the threephase alternator of built-in flywheel.Main shaft can be allowed in rail complex vibration using such structure
Driving under operate in one direction, it is ensured that generator is also able to maintain one-directional rotation.Rack gear is fixed, and rail drives energy to adopt
Similar no longer do of installment work mode principle of collection module bodies vibration excessively repeats.
Gearbox is using mechanical rotation gearbox such as accelerating gearbox (accelerating epicyclic gearbox) etc., so that its complete machine
Tool, it is more convenient to use without the external offer energy.
There are many mounting means to adapt to different railroad tracks for mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module.(have in common railway
Sleeper) on when installing and using, as shown in figure 8, the first and second rack gears are fixedly mounted in ground, and energy acquisition module master
Body includes that the first driving gear, the second driving gear, main shaft, gearbox and generator are mounted on sleeper in orbit.?
When train driving, the pressure of wheel will lead to track settlement and generate vibration, since sleeper has certain elasticity, in train driving
Sleeper upper surface can be vibrated with the vibration of rail, and energy acquisition module bodies are mounted on sleeper, also can be with rail
It vibrating and vibrates, rack gear is fixed on motionless in ground, the vibration of energy acquisition module bodies and rack gear generation relative displacement, on
Lower movement will allow the first driving gear and second that gear is driven to rotate on the first rack gear and the second rack gear, to drive master
Axis, and main shaft one-directionally rotates under the effect of the direction controlling of unilateral bearing, driven generator after being accelerated by gearbox, generator
It runs at high speed, passes through the electromagnetic induction principle output high-power electric energy of generator.
When being installed and used on high-speed rail, subway this kind non-fragment orbit, as shown in figure 9, since railroad track does not have sleeper,
So rack gear is fixed on rail side, energy acquisition module main body is mounted on roadbed, the method for operation and common railway
On the method for operation it is similar, difference is that this mounting means is to vibrate to input as mechanical energy with carry-over bar using rail.
Mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module use the larger pressure thrust and vibrating object generated by low-frequency vibration compared with
Big elastic force drives, and mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module can be made to obtain high-power mechanical energy input, by the drive of vibration
Dynamically working gets rid of vibration acceleration and frequency limit, and high-power output, and special machine can be realized under low-frequency vibration
Tool structure improves the efficiency of transmission of mechanical energy, and motor can export up to tens of watts of stabilization under the compound movement of vibration driving
Electric energy, about the 1000 of conventional vibration energy acquisition module times can be used for the power requirement that the systems such as rail monitoring use, be applicable in
Range is wide.Using mechanical structure, it is easy to customize, is adapted to various sections to realize railroad track all standing, Neng Goushi
All kinds of adverse circumstances are answered, has the longer adaptation service life and volume production is at low cost, be easy to volume production and extensive use.
Preferably, the power management module is as shown in Figure 10, including energy stores control circuit, microcontroller, control
Interface circuit and energy input output control circuit, the energy stores control circuit, control interface, energy input output
Control circuit is separately connected microcontroller, and the energy stores control circuit connects control interface, the energy stores control
Circuit connection energy input output control circuit processed, in which:
Energy input output control circuit: the AC or DC electricity for inputting to vibrational energy acquisition module is converted
And pressure stabilizing and to be output to monitoring perception each component in front end (master control borad, wireless communication module) and monitor sensor power electric energy
Carry out AC or DC conversion and pressure stabilizing.What generator exported in vibrational energy acquisition module may be alternating current or direct current,
According to the difference of the generator of selection, select energy input output control circuit direct current input interface or exchange input interface with
The connection of generator output interface.Monitoring sensor can provide operating voltage by the master control borad of connection for it, can also directly with energy
Electric energy needed for measuring the output end connection acquisition work of input/output control circuit.
Energy input output control circuit includes that direct current input interface, exchange input interface, DC output end one, direct current are defeated
Outlet two, analog-to-digital conversion module, ac-dc converter circuit and the voltage regulator circuit for adjusting input/output bound, the modulus turn
Module input connection analog sensor is changed, output end connects microcontroller；The ac-dc converter circuit input terminal connection
Exchange input, output end connect energy stores control circuit and direct current input, and the energy stores control circuit output end connects
DC output end two is connected after connecing voltage regulator circuit, the energy stores control circuit output end is also connected with DC output end one.
Energy stores control circuit: it is converted for being inputted to vibrational energy acquisition module through energy input output control circuit
Treated, and electric energy carries out pressure limiting, detection, energy storage and distribution output.
Energy stores control circuit includes the control chip and multiple independent electricals for pressure limiting, energy measuring and Capacity control
Hold, the microcontroller, control chip and independent capacitance are successively electrically connected.
More capacitors that energy-storage function is connected in series are realized, since system is used for the management of abnormal energy, input and output
Energy randomness is strong and has larger fluctuation, so that storage capacitor is chronically at charging and discharging state at work, and storage capacitor
It is service life shortest part in frame again, so needing the scheme using the storage of more capacitors, extends system service life.
Control chip has Capacity control function, the energy in the meeting each capacitor of autobalance, even if partition capacitance is damaged
It is bad also to work normally.Capacitor uses cascaded structure, can obtain compared with high output voltage.Then may in partition capacitance damage
Cause tank voltage decline or formed open circuit, at this point, control chip can by the voltage superposition of residual capacitance and by go up and down it is voltage-controlled
Voltage needed for unit processed boosts to load guarantees to work normally.
Control interface: for connecting microcontroller, energy stores control circuit and energy input output control circuit
Control port.
Control interface includes control interface, and described control interface one end connects microcontroller, other end connection control
Coremaking piece, the other end are also connected with voltage regulator circuit.
Microcontroller: for controlling the work of the whole each control circuit module of power management module.
It is preferred:
It further include temperature-control circuit in power management module, temperature-control circuit connects microcontroller.
Microcontroller is also connected with digital sensor.
Energy stores control circuit further includes multiple independent capacitance interfaces and the metal-oxide-semiconductor for isolation, independent capacitance interface
Independent capacitance is connected, adjacent independent capacitance is connected by metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Voltage regulator circuit includes voltage stabilizing chip U1 and the divider resistance for realizing different resistance values is connected by wire jumper interface, and 9 draw
Foot connects output after connecting divider resistance.
Power management module automatically controls work monitoring data in front end when train crosses, since the energy of input is vibration
The electric energy that energy acquisition module is converted from abnormal energy, the opportunity of input energy and power are unpredictable and uncontrolled
System, while efficient dynamic energy management may be implemented in energy limited source, power management module, and has preferable general
Property, front end can be allowed steadily to work.
Preferably, microcontroller automatically wakes up when there is electric energy input starts to export electric energy as master control borad power supply, works as electric energy
Maintenance exports electric energy within the set time after end of input, terminates output electric energy waiting after setting time and shakes next time
Dynamic electric energy input, reduces hardware deterioration on the basis of realizing effectively rail monitoring in real time as far as possible, utmostly extends system
Service life, to realize no supervision, non-maintaining purpose.
The circuit specific implementation of each component part of power management module is illustrated below:
(1) energy input output control circuit:
Physical circuit connects as illustrated in figs. 11-14, and the model ADS1115, ADS1115 that analog-to-digital conversion module uses are one
The common high-precision analog of money-number conversion chip, the signal accurate transformation that analog sensor can be exported are digital signal,
Since the chip is relatively conventional, this will not be repeated here.Microcontroller is also connected with digital sensor, and controller is turned by high-precision AD
Parallel operation connects analog sensor.Digital sensor may be coupled directly on microcontroller, and the output end of sensor may be connected to micro-
2 feet~6 feet for controlling chip on any pin between 12~28 foot, 34~51 foot and 58~61 feet, and pass through program pair
It is controlled.Analog sensor is then connected to 4~7 feet of chip u3 in analog to digital conversion circuit, and chip converts analog signal
To be transferred to microcontroller by 9 feet after digital signal.Each chip at most can connect 4 analog sensors.Analog-to-digital conversion
Chip is connected to microcontroller by i2c bus, and microcontroller can at most connect 4 this model modulus conversion chips.Therefore, exist
In this circuit, microcontroller can at most connect 44 digital sensors and 16 analog sensors, and the quantity for increasing sensor can
Environment is more accurately perceived with realizing, adapts to a variety of environment, improves adaptability, realization is precisely controlled.
The connection of voltage regulator circuit physical circuit is as shown in figure 12, the voltage stabilizing chip model LTC3130 in voltage regulator circuit.
Working principle: LTC3130 is a efficient voltage regulator circuit, and different from other voltage regulator circuits, LTC3130 has
Burst operating mode, in this mode, the working frequency of chip will be with load current and be adjusted, to realize negative
Load electric current reaches 75%~92% energy conversion efficiency in the case where being 0.01~660 milliampere, have wider array of application scenarios.
The efficiency operation range of remaining voltage stabilizing chip is smaller, and in the case where transfer efficiency is more than 60% demand, load current changes model
It encloses and is often no more than 10 times.Common scheme is progress chip selection according to actual needs, does not have versatility.
The input voltage range of LTC3130 is 2.4-25V, has wider application range.Circuit has voltage stabilizing function, leads to
The Voltage Feedback that 9 feet receive is crossed to realize.Output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the divider resistance of No. 9 feet, output area 1
~25V is applicable to most application scenarios；Voltage regulator circuit passes through PWM (pulse width modulation) Lai Shixian pressure stabilizing.Originally it is setting
In meter, voltage of voltage regulation is adjustable, and voltage Principles of Regulation are feedback regulations.9 feet are the input pin of feedback voltage, input in chip
Voltage is divided to obtain by the rectifier output voltage to chip.Chip can be adjusted output voltage by PWM, thus
So that the feedback voltage after partial pressure is stabilized to 1V, therefore, output voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the mode of divider resistance,
Its formula are as follows:
Vout=(1+Ra/Rb)
In this example, R2Represent Ra, R3、R4Or R5Represent Rb, connected by wire jumper interface 3130Vo with X to realize
(1~4V is the setting of this example demand, by replacing voltage-limiting protection resistance R for the output of 3.3V, 3.5V and 1-4v adjustable voltage6With
R7, it can be achieved that 1~25V pressure regulation).By the way that the efficient and adjustable voltage regulator circuit of range is arranged, input/output bound is widened, is passed through
PWM realizes pressure stabilizing, and the voltage of output different range is realized by the divider resistance of different resistance values, is suitable for the control of multiple types energy
System, improves the versatility of device.
(2) energy stores control circuit:
Physical circuit connection as shown in figure 11, controls the model LTC3350 of chip, and capacitor uses super capacitor, capacitance
For 10F, illustrates herein and 4 super capacitors are arranged according to rail environment and demand.
Working principle: LTC3350 control chip has pressure-limiting function, when input voltage is higher than 40V, 34 foot of input terminal
High-impedance state will be entered, bypass electric current, carry out self-protection；The input voltage of chip is 4.5~35V, is suitable for absolutely mostly
Number application range.
Chip has energy monitoring function, passes through the resistance between 34 foot monitoring input voltages and 30 and 31 feet
Rsnsi1, Rsnsi12 monitoring current monitor capacitance voltage and 21 and 22 by 21 feet to calculate the power of input system
Resistance Rsnsi3 between foot calculates the charge-discharge electric power of capacitor, and is controlled it by internal circuit with utmostly
It is needed with load.Chip interior is integrated with multiple registers, logic controller and control interface, can accurately according to demand
The storage and output of energy are controlled, the data of storage inside can be accessed by control interface, and circuit has memory U9,
Specific program can be stored, to carry out more accurate control to energy according to demand.
Circuit has Capacity control function, and chip has 4 independent capacitance connection interface 13-16 feet, meanwhile, capacitor it
Between be isolated by metal-oxide-semiconductor m8~m10, if one of capacitance damage, occur pressure difference between capacitor, stored in residual capacitance
Energy will be by metal-oxide-semiconductor autobalance, i.e., when occurring obvious pressure difference between capacitor, and metal-oxide-semiconductor will be connected, and will be damaged
Capacitor bypass, to avoid the case where causing 4 capacitors that can not all work because of a capacitor open circuit.Due to using string between capacitor
Connection connection, after partition capacitance is impaired, maximum tank voltage will decline, can also be with even if only one capacitor works normally
Reach the operating voltage of system needs, the upper voltage limit of each capacitor is 5v, and the series voltage upper limit of 4 capacitors is 20V, monitoring
The pin of capacitor total voltage is 21 feet, and the minimum operating voltage of 21 feet is 1V, even if 4 capacitance damage 3, it still can be normal
Work.
Circuit has certain pressure stabilizing ability, is realized by the Voltage Feedback that 7 feet receive.Output voltage is by adjusting No. 7
The divider resistance of foot is adjusted, and output area is 0~40V, is applicable to most application scenarios.
To sum up, this programme is managed multiple independent capacitors, and adjacent independent capacitance is connected by metal-oxide-semiconductor, avoids one
A capacitor open circuit causes other capacitors that can not work, the short disadvantage of service life, extends the capacitor service life, realizes non-maintaining, raising
Convenience.
(3) control interface: as shown in Figure 11, using control interface.
(4) microprocessor: as shown in figure 15, the model Msp430F169 of microcontroller.
Power management module widens input/output bound, passes through PWM by the way that the efficient and adjustable voltage regulator circuit of range is arranged
It realizes pressure stabilizing, the voltage of output different range is realized by the divider resistance of different resistance values, be suitable for multiple types energy hole,
Improve the versatility of device；Multiple independent capacitors are managed, adjacent independent capacitance is connected by metal-oxide-semiconductor, avoids one
Capacitor open circuit causes other capacitors that can not work, the short disadvantage of service life, extends the capacitor service life, and realization is non-maintaining, improves just
Benefit；Programming interface and high-precision control device are set, is monitored and controls according to actual needs, adapt to a variety of environment,
Adaptability is improved, realization is precisely controlled；For the non-intellectual and diversity for overcoming specific environment, it is defeated that voltage regulator circuit extension input is set
Range, the capacitor that setting high-precision control device enhances adaptability, setting is managed independently prolong the service life, realize and exempt to tie up out
Shield has achieved the effect that accurate control dynamic power, versatile, adaptable.
In the present invention, the mechanical energy of rail vibration is converted using the vibrational energy acquisition module driven based on rail vibration
For high-power electric energy, the electric energy of vibrational energy acquisition module is allocated output and energy storage by power management module, is being vibrated
Automatically wake up that start to export electric energy be that master control borad power supply comes for each assembly power supply in this front end when energy acquisition module inputing power,
It is not required to the power supply of wired and battery, is also not required to waste of manpower and the energy, it is mountable in any remote section, it realizes passive long-range
Automation rail monitoring generaI investigation in real time, while reducing monitoring cost, improves monitoring efficiency.Master control borad is opened when train passes through
Beginning work, control monitoring sensor acquires data, and is sent to base station by long range wireless communication module, before base station will perceive
Cloud database is integrated and be sent to the data at end, and this completes the real-time monitorings once automated.It can arrange
Real-time monitoring and data are transmitted when vehicle passes through, realizes dynamic monitoring, the true function situation of rail when can monitor train operation,
Compared to traditional scheme, in monitoring, rail has higher accuracy for unloaded or low load condition.
Further, the system controls work using energy events driving method, and method includes the following steps:
Step 1: vibrational energy acquisition module acquires and stores the energy of rail vibration generation, while perceiving power management mould
The storage energy of block early period；
Step 2: whether the storage energy that power management module is judged according to step 1 is more than system operation threshold, if being more than,
Then drive system works；If not exceeded, then returning to the energy that step 1 continues acquisition, storage rail vibration generates.
Working principle: when no train passes through, system will for a long time in a dormant state, when train reaches, system
It can be automatically waken up and be started to work by the energy that energy acquisition module acquires；After train crosses, system can also be as needed
It works again a period of time, finally enters dormant state；Realization system works when needed, remaining time is in powered down sleep
State utmostly reduces hardware deterioration, prolongs the service life；It is calculated according to the shortest farad capacitor of service life in system,
(70 degree) its service life is about 5000 hours under worst condition；It mounts the system to by high-speed railway rail, in the 150 times feelings of being open to traffic daily
Its average life span fully achieved no supervision up to 40 years under condition；Simultaneously as system is driven using energy, system can be with
Long-term empty electricity storage, even if being under empty electricity condition (first installation or long-term idle to cause system not store any in system
Energy), it (train crosses) can also automatically wake up in energy input, be safeguarded without personnel.Energy acquires energy as event-driven
Amount provides the required energy, while the signal as the work of wake-up system for system work, accelerates energy drive efficiency.Method flow
Figure is as shown in figure 18.
Further, step 2 includes the following steps:
Step 2.1: power management module judges whether the work capacity in energy stores control circuit is more than monitoring perception
Front end operation threshold skips to step 2.2 if being more than；If not exceeded, then skipping to, step 1 continues acquisition, storage rail vibration produces
Raw energy；Work capacity in energy stores control circuit include early period storage energy or storage energy early period deposited with acquisition
The work capacity summation of storage or the work capacity of acquisition storage；
Step 2.2: the energy output interface of power management module control system, by the monitoring sense of work capacity access system
Know front end, driving Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems are started to work.
The power management module of system supplies energy to system, and system is made to work, the energy moments variation of rail vibration, energy
The power and monitoring perception front end for measuring acquisition device need can not real-time matching, so the energy stores of acquisition in power supply
The energy stores control circuit of management module is supplied to monitoring perception front end and utilizes.Power management module passes through acquisition conversion on one side
It is stored, is on one side load energy supply；There is vibrational energy just to acquire in environment, swashs as long as the enough loaded work pieces of energy of storage
Live system.If being stored with enough energy in early period system, when having appropriate energy in the environment, it is sharp simultaneously to carry out energy acquisition
Live system；If the energy of energy or storage that system mid-early stage does not store does not reach threshold value, first acquire, to needed for work
After threshold value, reactivation back-end system.Storage energy early period in power management module is perceived, so that system more quickly opens
It is dynamic, without system is activated until electricity energy harvester acquires enough energy；Power management module is for controlling in system
Output of the storage energy to monitoring perception front end can allow monitoring perception front end to work when needed, avoid the prior art
The shortcomings that middle energy abundance just starts work, and depleted of energy just powers off, substantially reduces energy consumption, prolongs the service life.
The work flow diagram of system is as shown in figure 17, using the vibrational energy acquisition module driven based on rail vibration by iron
The mechanical energy of rail vibration is converted into high-power electric energy, and the electric energy of vibrational energy acquisition module is allocated by power management module
Output and energy storage, automatically waken up in vibrational energy acquisition module inputing power start export electric energy be master control borad power supply come for this
Each assembly power supply in front end is not required to the power supply of wired and battery, is also not required to waste of manpower and the energy, mountable on any remote road
Section realizes passive long-range real-time automation rail monitoring generaI investigation, while reducing monitoring cost, improves monitoring efficiency.
Master control borad is started to work when train passes through, and control monitoring sensor acquires data, and is sent by long range wireless communication module
To base station, cloud database is integrated and be sent to the data for perceiving front end by base station, and this completes primary automations
Real-time monitoring.Real-time monitoring and data can be transmitted when train passes through, dynamic monitoring be realized, when can monitor train operation
The true function situation of rail, compared to traditional scheme, in monitoring, rail has more for unloaded or low load condition
High accuracy.Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end includes the Intelligent Passive rail prison that multiple blanket types are arranged on rail
Perception front end is surveyed, the monitoring section of adjacent Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with each other, and each perception front end can be only
Vertical work realizes comprehensive covering to monitoring section with cheap cost, and rail monitoring data are more comprehensive and accurate.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems, it is characterised in that: be arranged on rail including multiple distributions
It acquires the monitoring sensor of rail health data and reads the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end of monitoring sensing data, also
Including monitoring the cloud database analyzed of data that perception front end is read to Intelligent Passive rail, wherein Intelligent Passive rail
Monitoring perception front end includes: master control borad, and master control borad is connected with wireless communication module, further includes the vibrational energy being arranged on rail
Acquisition module, vibrational energy acquisition module electric energy output end are connected with power management module, and power management module output electric energy is
Monitoring perception front end entirety and monitoring sensor power supply, master control borad connection monitor sensor controller work and read its data,
Monitoring sensor includes thermometer and deflectometer, and wireless communication module and external communications equipment communicate the strong of real-time Transmission rail
Health data；
The ID of each monitoring sensor and the physical location of its installation point are stored in master control borad, cloud database reads monitoring and passes
The acquisition time of the ID of sensor, the temperature value of unit time thermometer and deflectometer multi collect and deflection value and data, from
Amount of deflection maximum value when train crosses rail is obtained in the deflection value of unit time multi collect, and all monitoring sensors are installed
The amount of deflection maximum value of point compares after being aligned, and using temperature value as reference quantity, finds deflection value extremely and be more than the peace of secure threshold
Position is decorateeed, to obtain the physical location of the problem rail of the extremely high correspondence of deflection value.
2. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to scratch
Degree maximum value obtains process are as follows: will first obtain train from the deflection value of unit time multi collect and crosses each prison on rail
The deflection value period of change for surveying sensor installation point, finds out the amount of deflection maximum value of the installation point from deflection value period of change.
3. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the intelligence
The passive rail monitoring perception front end of energy includes the Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end that multiple blanket types are arranged on rail, phase
The monitoring section of adjacent Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with each other, each Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end difference
With the health data of cloud database communication real-time Transmission rail.
4. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described every
A Intelligent Passive rail monitoring perception front end is connected with multiple monitoring sensors positioned at different installation points.
5. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the vibration
Energy acquisition module use mechanical vibrational energy acquisition module, be coaxially mounted on main shaft (3) first driving gear (1) and
Second driving gear (2), and unilateral bearing is provided between the first driving gear (1) and the second driving gear (2) and main shaft (3)
(6), the agreeing with respectively for side of the first driving gear (1) and the second driving gear (2) is provided with the first rack gear (4) and the second tooth
Item (5), the first rack gear (4) and the second rack gear (5) direction are oppositely arranged, first driving gear (1) and second drive gear (2) by
It rotates on the first rack gear (4) and the second rack gear (5) respectively and occurs upper and lower relative displacement to vibratory drive, main shaft (3) by
Unilateral bearing (6), the first driving gear (1) and the second driving gear (2) drive jointly and keep one-directionally rotating, on main shaft (3)
It is also equipped with the gearbox (7) for accelerating to main shaft (3) rotation, the output axis connection generator (8) of gearbox (7), power generation
Machine (8) is generated electricity by the output shaft rotate driving of gearbox (7), and generator is additionally provided on (8) for making generator Continuous Drive
Flywheel (15).
6. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the electricity
Source control module includes energy stores control circuit, microcontroller, control interface and energy input output control circuit, institute
It states energy stores control circuit, control interface, energy input output control circuit and is separately connected microcontroller, the energy
Storage control circuit connects control interface, and the energy stores control circuit connects energy input output control circuit,
In:
Energy input output control circuit: the AC or DC electricity for inputting to vibrational energy acquisition module carries out conversion and steady
It presses and perceives the electric energy progress AC or DC conversion and pressure stabilizing that each component in front end and monitoring sensor are powered to monitoring is output to；
Energy stores control circuit: for inputting vibrational energy acquisition module through energy input output control circuit conversion process
Electric energy pressure limiting, detection, energy storage and distribution output；
Control interface: for connecting the control of microcontroller, energy stores control circuit and energy input output control circuit
Port processed；
Microcontroller: for controlling the work of the whole each control circuit module of power management module.
7. a kind of Intelligent Passive rail structure body health monitoring systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the system
System controls work using energy events driving method, and method includes the following steps:
Step 1: vibrational energy acquisition module acquires and stores the energy of rail vibration generation, while before perceiving power management module
The storage energy of phase；
Step 2: whether the storage energy that power management module is judged according to step 1 is more than system operation threshold, if being more than, is driven
Dynamic system work；If not exceeded, then returning to step 1 continues the energy acquired, in storage environment.
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| CN111737898A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-02 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Rail health tracking method |
| CN111751024A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-10-09 | 江苏雷威建设工程有限公司 | Intelligent track temperature control method, system and device and storage medium thereof |
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