CN109730706A - A kind of local second-order fluorescence radiation X bulb - Google Patents
A kind of local second-order fluorescence radiation X bulb Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of local second-order fluorescences to radiate X bulb, comprising: vacuum tube;Filament emitters are set in vacuum tube, are used for launching electronics;Focalizer is set in vacuum tube, and the electronics for issuing filament emitters gathers into electron beam;Target material assembly is mounted on vacuum tube, the main target and secondary target set gradually including the direction of the launch along electron beam, and the thickness of main target is less than the thickness of secondary target;The electron beam generates small focus or dispersion focus on main target.The electronics that focalizer of the present invention issues filament emitters is gathered to forming X-ray on the main target of target material assembly, X-ray, which passes through secondary target, directly can locally excite second-order fluorescence, energy transformation ratio is high, it just can be realized high light without high power input, it can be realized the generation of Microfocus X-ray, energy transformation ratio height makes the volume of bulb and power that can significantly simplify application scenarios with very little.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of local second-order fluorescences to radiate X bulb.
Background technique
X-ray generation is obtained with electronics beating target material, general ray include continuous (Bremsstrahlung) spectral line and
Two kinds of characteristic spectral line.If incident electron energy is sufficiently high, characteristic spectral line will be revealed out.The energy of two kinds of spectral lines at this time
Distribution changes about in 70% and 30% Energy distribution with electron energy size.Successive line is since electronic impact atom changes
It changes direction, energy loss release causes.Characteristic spectral line is to lead to outer-shell electron transition since electronics taps intratomic nuclear electron
Energy loss is caused, is discharged in the form of X-ray.Since transition energy difference is fixed, the energy of X-ray is also corresponding fixed.
Traditional Coolidge bulb is based on the use of Bremsstrahlung ray.And the application of traditional second-order fluorescence is general only
It is limited to carry out material detection according to characteristic spectral line.In this application, due to the X-ray distance of the second target and the first target compared with
Far, a large amount of X-ray is attenuated by scattering and shielding, remaining ray impact is very micro- to the second target
It is weak.These characteristic rays can closely detected by detector to carry out material analyzing, but light intensity is very weak,
It carries out being imaged again using and cannot.
Traditional library Ritchie bulb can not efficiently use second-order fluorescence.Firstly, main Bremsstrahlung causes spoke
It penetrates corresponding to the x-ray flux that there is the slave side window for being orientated forward, thus largely obtaining to occur relative to electron beam for discharge
Solid angle very little, and be also the result once radiated.The result of second-order fluorescence is shielded mostly, substantially can not be from side window
It issues.Secondly, in order to which X-ray spectrum to be concentrated on to the energy level for being most suitable for thickness and density, grating is also commonly used.Though
Right grid preferential absorption has higher and compared with low energy part photon flux, but farther out due to distance, is nothing like local glimmering
Light is effective to the conversion and filtering of energy, while it also further reduced the brightness of photon flux in required energy window.
General fluorescent x ray design is all that the electronics first passed through in bulb strikes main target acquisition typical X-ray, then makes
Go further to irradiate the secondary target of distant place the second-order fluorescence radiation to generate with this X-ray.It is detected in most common material component
Application in, the practical status for serving as secondary target of measured object, the second-order fluorescence of sending can be used detector go to carry out it is qualitative
It is quantitative, so that it is determined that measured object ingredient (see Fig. 1).
Applicant is intended to design a kind of process localization by radiating second-order fluorescence, obtains to realize with fluorescence Spectra
The local second-order fluorescence of X-ray based on line radiates X bulb.Using the ray based on fluorescent line when carrying out lossless detection
Example (see Fig. 2).Traditional fluorescence is used for detection object ingredient, and two kinds of target distances are farther out.Due to traditional type library Ritchie bulb
Use efficiency it is very low, expose to secondary target light it is not high, further generate second-order fluorescence efficiency it is more low
Under.This kind of faint fluorescence has been not easy to do other use again other than using detector to go directly to carry out the detection of qualitative, quantitative material
On the way.The electron energy of traditional library Ritchie bulb 60% is converted to thermal energy, and 39% is reflected, and only 1% has been converted into X
Ray (see Fig. 3).This 1% only 0.03% is used, and other most of blocked by radiation proof material be not used.
The second-order fluorescence that this small amount of light quantity irradiation measured object generates is very weak.
Summary of the invention
The local of the ray based on local fluorescent radiation can be launched with high energy efficiency the object of the present invention is to provide one kind
Second-order fluorescence radiates X bulb.
Realizing the technical solution of the object of the invention is: a kind of local second-order fluorescence radiation X bulb, comprising:
Vacuum tube;
Filament emitters are set in vacuum tube, are used for launching electronics;
Focalizer is set in vacuum tube, and the electronics for issuing filament emitters gathers into electron beam;
Target material assembly is mounted on vacuum tube, the main target and secondary target set gradually including the direction of the launch along electron beam
Material, and the thickness of main target is less than the thickness of secondary target;The electron beam generates small focus or dispersion focus on main target.
The vacuum tube includes ceramic tube and shell;The shell is for closing ceramic tube;Filament emitters and poly-
Burnt device is set in ceramic tube;The target material assembly is set to one end of shell, and target material assembly is aligned with filament emitters.
Insulating materials is filled between the shell and ceramic tube of the vacuum tube.
Further include being set in vacuum pipe outer wall, shields additional radiation and constrain the anti-spoke of target material assembly angle of radiation
Penetrate shielding case.
The radiation-resistance mask is equipped with the constriction for constraining the angle of radiation of target close to one end of target material assembly;
In a ring, target material assembly is located at the axle center of constriction to the constriction;The interior diameter of the constriction is by incrementally increasing except interior.
It further include the high-voltage electricity mould group between the ceramic tube and shell of vacuum tube;The target material assembly, filament transmitting
Device and focalizer are electrically connected with high-voltage electricity mould group respectively, and target material assembly and filament emitters form potential difference.
The focalizer presses to the electronics that filament emitters discharge by voltage, and electronics is limited in narrow walking
In angle, to form electron beam, and make the main target of electron beam strike target material assembly.
The high-voltage electricity mould group includes transformer.
It further include magnetic field generator;The magnetic field generator is used to that magnetic field penetration vacuum tube to occur on the outside of vacuum tube to carry out shadow
Ring the final focal position on the main target of target material assembly of electronics that filament emitters issue.
The focalizer is focus lamp.
The secondary target of the target material assembly is equipped with multiple, and is greater than close to the thickness of the secondary target of main target far from main target
The thickness of the secondary target of material.
Using above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) focalizer of the present invention emits filament
The electronics that device issues is gathered to X-ray is formed on the main target of target material assembly, and X-ray, which passes through secondary target, directly locally to be excited
Second-order fluorescence, energy transformation ratio is high, is able to maintain higher luminous flux, just can be realized high light, energy without high power input
Enough realize the generation of Microfocus X-ray, energy transformation ratio height makes the volume of bulb and power can be with very little, the application that greatly simplifies
Scene.
(2) present invention makes effectively to focus the miniaturization with focus by focalizer, can effectively reduce the interference of image
And ghost image, enhance image definition, increases signal-to-noise ratio, so that bulb can be applied on microscope and closely imaging, by
In using filament emitters, filament diameter itself is smaller, and electric current is usually less than 2 milliamperes, can effectively reduce using power, reduce
Bulb volume, at the same by focalizer focus after, most electronics of electron beam are passed on target material assembly, so that electronics
Service efficiency is higher, and the design of this landlord target of target material assembly, secondary target, light efficiency can effectively improve again
(3) it is filled with insulating materials between the shell and ceramic tube of vacuum tube of the invention, avoids leaking electricity.
(4) of the invention further includes being set in vacuum pipe outer wall, shields additional radiation and constraint target material assembly spoke
The radiation-resistance mask of firing angle degree can effectively shield unwanted radiation, and constrain the radiation angle of the second-order fluorescence generated.And
The light-emitting angle of second-order fluorescence can from narrow angle 10 degree to 80 degree of wide-angle be adjusted, substantially reduction detection required distance.
(5) high-voltage electricity mould group of the invention includes transformer, and transformer is beaten by adjusting high pressure to adjust filament emitters
The electron energy of target material assembly is hit, to control x-ray photon energy range, high pressure can be adjusted in 1KV~120KV.
(6) the invention also includes magnetic field generators, and the trend of electronics is further influenced by magnetic field generator, thus to going out
Optical spectrum is adjusted, and helps to disperse the heat affected zone of target material assembly, extends the service life of target.
Detailed description of the invention
In order that the present invention can be more clearly and readily understood, right below according to specific embodiment and in conjunction with attached drawing
The present invention is described in further detail, wherein
Fig. 1 is that non-local target detects schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that local target detects schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the energy transition diagram of traditional library Ritchie bulb.
Fig. 4 is structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the imaging schematic diagram of point light source and linear light source.
Fig. 6 is the energy space distribution map of main target of the invention.
Fig. 7 is that electronics of the invention strikes the energy transfer schematic diagram after target.
Label in attached drawing are as follows:
Vacuum tube 1, ceramic tube 1-1, shell 1-2, filament emitters 2, focalizer 3, target material assembly 4, main target 4-1, pair
Target 4-2, radiation-resistance mask 5, constriction 5-1, high-voltage electricity mould group 6, magnetic field generator 7.
Specific embodiment
(embodiment 1)
See that Fig. 4, the local second-order fluorescence of the present embodiment radiate X bulb, it is characterised in that: include:
Vacuum tube 1.
Filament emitters 2 are set in vacuum tube 1, are used for launching electronics.
Focalizer 3 is set in vacuum tube 1, and the electronics for issuing filament emitters 2 gathers into electron beam.
Target material assembly 4 is mounted on vacuum tube 1, the main target 4-1 that sets gradually including the direction of the launch along electron beam and
Secondary target 4-2, and the thickness of main target 4-1 is less than the thickness of secondary target 4-2.Electron beam generates small coke on main target 4-1
Point or dispersion focus.
Vacuum tube 1 includes ceramic tube 1-1 and shell 1-2.Shell 1-2 is for closing ceramic tube 1-1.2 He of filament emitters
Focalizer 3 is set in ceramic tube 1-1.Target material assembly 4 is set to one end of shell 1-2, and target material assembly 4 and filament emitters
2 alignment.
Insulating materials is filled between the shell 1-2 and ceramic tube 1-1 of vacuum tube 1.
The local second-order fluorescence radiation X bulb of the present embodiment further includes being set on 1 outer wall of vacuum tube, shields extra spoke
Penetrate and constrain the radiation-resistance mask 5 of 4 angle of radiation of target material assembly.
Radiation-resistance mask 5 is equipped with the constriction 5- for constraining the angle of radiation of target close to one end of target material assembly 4
1.In a ring, target material assembly 4 is located at the axle center of constriction 5-1 to constriction 5-1.The interior diameter of constriction 5-1 by except interior gradually
Increase.
The local second-order fluorescence radiation X bulb of the present embodiment further includes ceramic tube 1-1 and shell 1-2 set on vacuum tube 1
Between high-voltage electricity mould group 6.Target material assembly 4, filament emitters 2 and focalizer 3 are electrically connected with high-voltage electricity mould group 6 respectively, and
And target material assembly 4 and filament emitters 2 form potential difference.
Focalizer 3 presses to the electronics that filament emitters 2 discharge by voltage, and electronics is limited in narrow walking angle
In degree, to form electron beam, and make the main target 4-1 of electron beam strike target material assembly 4.Focalizer 3 can effectively reduce poly-
Focus.Notice different applications by different focus size demands.For example it may not be needed in large-scale biological therapy small
Focus, large-scale light source transmitting such as panoramic imagery may also not need.But to be intended to focus the smaller the better for many applications,
Especially microscope and be closely imaged, small focus can to avoid edge diplopia and avoid different light sources from folding imaging bringing
Noise.The result of imaging can be made to differ greatly with reality at the relative size relationship of image focus and object.Linear light source is (similar
In large focal spot) image that object generates is equal with the image that point light source (being similar to small focus) generates long materials, thus
Erroneous judgement can be generated (see Fig. 5).
The X-ray light spot diameter that traditional large-scale X machine generates is 300 microns, causes image-forming range to need remote enough, such as
One meter or so.After having suitable focusing, the local second-order fluorescence radiation X bulb of the present embodiment can produce micro- down to about 50
The focus of rice is for being closely imaged.For microscopical application, it might even be possible to which fine tuning is accomplished lower.
The diameter of filament emitters 2 is smaller, and electric current is usually less than 2 milliamperes.But due to electronics beam electrons quilt big absolutely after focusing
It is transmitted to main target 4-1, so electronics service efficiency can keep very high.Pass through the secondary target 4-2's of secondary local fluorescence again
Design, light efficiency are again more many than traditional raising.This leads to the traditional library Ritchie bulb ray of second-order fluorescence ratio X issued efficiently very
It is more, increase useful brightness.And individual optical filter is commonly used in traditional X-ray tube, is equivalent to and generates multiple launch points,
Light is filtered simultaneously, therefore just more low either on imaging effect or luminous efficacy.For group to be imaged
In the scene for the X-ray knitted, thicker tissue needs the X-ray of higher energy;The size and power that high energy efficiency makes equipment are very
It is small, application scenarios are significantly simplified, for example simple CT and portable mobile imaging become possible, rather than just being confined to
The bright lower dentistry detection of demand.
Since focalizer 3 makes effectively to focus the miniaturization with focus, the interference of image and ghost problems can also reduce, in addition to
Enhance other than image definition, can also further increase bright and dosage needed for signal-to-noise ratio makes and further reduce.Image is clear
In clear degree non-destructive testing high-definition for demand, such as circuit, drug, sample will be very helpful.And low dosage
Then to the healthy and safe closely bound up of human body imaging.
It is related special also to can use its monoenergetic spectrum for the second-order fluorescence for the high quality that we generate by parameter selection appropriate
Property using its phase difference imaging in.Such phase difference imaging significantly reduces the demand to monochromator and even relies on, while
It can avoid reducing the difficulty requirement that grid carries out coherent imaging, also avoided to a certain extent to large-scale synchronizing generator
It relies on.
High-voltage electricity mould group 6 includes transformer.
It further include magnetic field generator 7.Magnetic field generator 7 is used to that magnetic field penetration vacuum tube 1 to occur on the outside of vacuum tube 1 to carry out shadow
Ring the final focal position on the main target 4-1 of target material assembly 4 of electronics that filament emitters 2 issue.
Focalizer 3 is focus lamp.
The secondary target 4-2 of target material assembly 4 be equipped with it is multiple, and close to main target 4-1 secondary target 4-2 integral thickness it is big
In the thickness of the secondary target 4-2 far from main target 4-1.
In addition the transmitting light based on fluorescence, we can select in characteristic on the spectral line of light and light.If choosing
The target selected is thicker, then the radiation of high-energy can more be converted into second-order fluorescence, can obtain the pure spectral characteristic of comparison more
Close to Dan Nengguang, but light efficiency also decreases, because more energy, which are blocked, is converted to heat.In target material assembly 4
When the thickness of main target 4-1 and secondary target 4-2 are larger, then the radiation of high-energy can more be converted into second-order fluorescence, it can obtain
To purer spectral characteristic closer to Dan Nengguang, but light efficiency also decreases, and turns because more energy are blocked
It is changed to heat, when the integral thickness of the main target 4-1 and secondary target 4-2 of target material assembly 4 are smaller, then more lights can be worn
It thoroughly, also include the sum of higher-energy other than fluorescence compared with low energy.In portable scene, the demand of Gao Guangliang can be more important,
And under the premise of high power and heat dissipation are not problem in fixed scene, pure fluorescence is more advantageous to image quality and reduces dosage,
Therefore, the integral thickness of main target 4-1 and secondary target 4-2 can be selected according to the scene of application.
The principle of the local second-order fluorescence radiation X bulb of the present embodiment is: electronics is emitted from filament emitters 2,
Focalizer 3 is converged on main target 4-1 by the electronics that voltage focuses 90% or more, greatly improves electronics service efficiency, main
After target 4-1 is struck by electronics, the energy of sending is divided into Bremsstrahlung and characteristic spectral line, as shown in Figure 6.Due to electronics
Energy and rate it is very high, by these electronic actions go out X-ray energy simultaneously there is proclined, to continue to main target
The propagation of 4-1 depth reaches on secondary target 4-2, and the K absorption edge of secondary target 4-2 can choose lower than even identical to main target 4-
1, so as to continue to absorb the X-ray of energetic portions, carry out the conversion of local second-order fluorescence, while secondary target 4-2 can be with
The energy for being lower than its K absorption edge part is effectively absorbed, the energy of this part is mostly that absorption of human body becomes nothing in medical image
Imaging is not helped with dosage, finally obtains X-ray based on second-order fluorescence, with the high energy that is not completely converted on a small quantity and
Low energy Bremsstrahlung ray, since above process is all in local generation, less energy wastes in the form of heat, together
When Bremsstrahlung and fluorescent x ray all not over shielding or over long distances propagate form carry out invalid decaying, from
And higher luminous flux can be kept.It is final go out light characteristic spectral lines can also for electron beam energy by thickness with
And material metal selection and be adjusted, thus obtain for application optimize result.
When electronics enters main target 4-1 and slowed down by non-resilient Coulomb scattering, they can lose in multiple steps
Energy.Preceding 200nm does not generate X-ray with electronic correlation, Bremsstrahlung radiation and spy between 200nm and 2um
Sign spectral line generates in succession, as shown in Figure 7.When electron energy is higher than the K absorption edge of target elements, the phase interaction of coulomb and target nucleus
Radiation or fluorescence are caused with can be Bremsstrahlung.Bremsstrahlung is radiated to preference before having, most possible
Energy distribution be about the 2/3 of beam energy.In order to make this portion of energy can produce resonance, electron energy is at least higher than
K- absorption edge 50%.The mechanism of radiation with the secondary radiation of the energy production of electronics is different, and electronics can only swash in target material surface
X-ray is sent out, but local Secondary radiation is generated by photon.Its penetration power is stronger, and directionality is more open.The thickness of secondary target 4-2
Degree just determines the production of these light.Thermic load in secondary target 4-2 end window still can generate multiple non-X-rays and generate
Scattering and Auger transmitting, but these merely comprise the sub-fraction of electron beam gross energy load, and most energy are still by local
The form of fluorescence is achieved.Since this efficiency is very high, it is bright which does not need the i.e. capable of emitting bloom of higher-wattage, thus into one
Step reduces the requirement of focusing and heat dissipation, so as to realize the generation of Microfocus X-ray.
The Bremsstrahlung radiation contrast generated with electronics impact, second-order fluorescence is another advantage is that it no longer has
Leaning forward property, and it is converted into uniform isotropic directivity.This eliminates the need for the heel effect of conventional libraries Ritchie bulb, and Irnaging procedures are not
There is direction specificity again and significantly simplify;And light can be prejudged in being evenly distributed for spherical space, the post-processing of image
It is also more succinct with amendment.Simultaneously because the angle of spherical surface light is very big, it is suitable to be adjusted according to demand by constrainer
Angle, and it is no longer only limitted to the narrow angle of conventional libraries Ritchie, the image checking distance of same big wisp can substantially reduce.By
In light attenuation multiple and distance at quadratic relationship, the reduction one of image-forming range reduces the demand of amount of light, reduces equipment
Power demand and manufacturing cost, provide the foundation for mobile application;Two are also greatly reduced the radiation of environment, thus suitable
The urgent scene implemented and infrastructure under-developed area etc. are less susceptible to for radiation shield.
The present embodiment local second-order fluorescence radiation X bulb there are many application: such as medical digital irradiation image, CT at
Picture, mammogram, angiography, angiocarpy imaging, bone density measurement imaging, dental imaging, circuit board imaging, radiotherapy and
Utilize radiography, fluoroscopy, the X-ray of the integrated circuit imaging of chromatography.Computed tomography and multi-energy X-ray skill
Art can be used this technology and obtain image;Also it may be mounted at and carry out real-time monitoring in art in C-arm;It can also be with application review collection
At circuit and circuit board, or the non-destructive estimation of the object including luggage case and shipping container;And it is used for non-destructive
The general X-ray fluoroscopy of test application can be used for treating disease by killing or changing biological sample.
Such as in digital radiation image, high bright and volume miniaturization can make Portable X-ray even hand-held instrument
Device is possibly realized.Minimizing vertical wide-angle conical scan also becomes possible simultaneously, since weight bearing reduces, wants to mechanical load
It asks and declines to a great extent, can substantially lower the cost of simple CT.And dose of radiation is effectively reduced, it is quickly obtained big regional imaging.
Simultaneously because the energy narrower bandwidth of fluorescence, is easier that suitable energy is selected suitably to penetrate testee,
Detecting plate can be more sensitive corresponding simultaneously.So only needing lower effective light that can reach imaging purpose, can subtract
Small patient irradiation dose is without influencing image.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It describes in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of local second-order fluorescence radiates X bulb, it is characterised in that: include:
Vacuum tube (1);
Filament emitters (2) are set in vacuum tube (1), are used for launching electronics;
Focalizer (3) is set in vacuum tube (1), and the electronics for issuing filament emitters (2) gathers into electron beam;
Target material assembly (4) is mounted on vacuum tube (1), the main target (4-1) set gradually including the direction of the launch along electron beam
With secondary target (4-2), and the thickness of main target (4-1) is less than the thickness of secondary target (4-2);The electron beam is in main target
Small focus or dispersion focus are generated on (4-1).
2. a kind of local second-order fluorescence according to claim 1 radiates X bulb, it is characterised in that: vacuum tube (1) packet
Include ceramic tube (1-1) and shell (1-2);The shell (1-2) is for closing ceramic tube (1-1);The filament emitters (2) and
Focalizer (3) is set in ceramic tube (1-1);The target material assembly (4) is set to the one end of shell (1-2), and target material assembly
(4) it is aligned with filament emitters (2).
3. a kind of local second-order fluorescence according to claim 2 radiates X bulb, it is characterised in that: the vacuum tube (1)
Insulating materials is filled between shell (1-2) and ceramic tube (1-1).
4. a kind of local second-order fluorescence according to claim 1 radiates X bulb, it is characterised in that: further include being set in very
On blank pipe (1) outer wall, shields additional radiation and constrain the radiation-resistance mask (5) of target material assembly (4) angle of radiation.
5. a kind of local second-order fluorescence according to claim 4 radiates X bulb, it is characterised in that: the radiation-resistant glass
(5) are covered close to the one end of target material assembly (4) equipped with the constriction (5-1) for constraining the angle of radiation of target;The constriction
(5-1) in a ring, target material assembly (4) is located at the axle center of constriction (5-1);The interior diameter of the constriction (5-1) is by except interior
It incrementally increases.
6. a kind of local second-order fluorescence according to claim 2 radiates X bulb, it is characterised in that: further include being set to vacuum
Manage the high-voltage electricity mould group (6) between the ceramic tube (1-1) and shell (1-2) of (1);The target material assembly (4), filament emitters
(2) it is electrically connected respectively with high-voltage electricity mould group (6) with focalizer (3), and target material assembly (4) and filament emitters (2) are formed
Potential difference.
7. a kind of local second-order fluorescence according to claim 6 radiates X bulb, it is characterised in that: the focalizer (3) is logical
Overvoltage presses to the electronics that filament emitters (2) discharge, and electronics is limited in narrow walking angle, to form electricity
Beamlet, and make the main target (4-1) of electron beam strike target material assembly (4).
8. a kind of local second-order fluorescence according to claim 1 radiates X bulb, it is characterised in that: further include magnetic field
Device (7);The magnetic field generator (7) is used to occur on the outside of vacuum tube (1) magnetic field penetration vacuum tube (1) to influence filament transmitting
The final focal position on the main target (4-1) of target material assembly (4) of electronics that device (2) issues.
9. a kind of local second-order fluorescence according to claim 1 radiates X bulb, it is characterised in that: the focalizer (3) is
Focus lamp.
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