CN109726897A - A kind of indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking based on AHP - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking based on AHP, step include: (1) determine indoor terrestrial reference evaluation index and its module；(2) user's Case-based Reasoning scores to indoor terrestrial reference；(3) the normalization result of terrestrial reference significance evaluation index scoring is calculated；(4) hierarchy Model of indoor terrestrial reference significance is established；(5) Judgement Matricies；(6) terrestrial reference significance evaluation criterion weight coefficient is calculated；(7) consistency check is carried out；(8) indoor terrestrial reference significance weight calculation and overall merit.Present invention incorporates the actual conditions of indoor environment, evaluation result has more objectivity, compared with traditional expert graded, be easy to quantify, weight calculation it is more scientific rationally；The scope of application is wider, is especially suitable for the case where sample data is less and evaluation goal structure is more complicated or the judgement of index relative importance size degree is relatively easy to and index moderate number.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to interior space positioning, airmanship more particularly to a kind of indoor terrestrial reference significances based on AHP to comment
Divide method.
Background technique
The time of mankind 80%-90% lives indoors, large public building emergence in recent years and its internal structure
Increasingly complicated, people tend to lose direction wherein, it is difficult to accurately be rapidly performed by pathfinding.Currently, due to technology with
The limitation of cost, indoor positioning, airmanship are not yet universal, compared to outdoor user can obtain easily itself position and
Guidance path, user are more dependent on information provided by indoor map and oriented identification indoors, this is to individual subscriber
Spatial cognitive Abilities are more demanding, thus also just make it easier to lose direction.However, many studies have shown that, ground is marked on user
It completes to play an important role during pathfinding task, terrestrial reference can be closed in the case where not needing extra effort by user
Note, so that its pathfinding process relative ease.
The structuring that terrestrial reference can help user to establish to environment understands, during path-search, in user cognition map
Terrestrial reference is the important clue for connecting real world space and cognitive map space, plays the role of " anchor point ".Terrestrial reference is environment
In significant object, the significance of terrestrial reference is user's selectively main foundation of target, it represents terrestrial reference to the attraction of user,
Carrying out evaluation to terrestrial reference significance is the basis for carrying out a series of other terrestrial reference correlative studys.The research of current terrestrial reference significance is same
Sample is still in very primary stage, theoretical and method to the research of indoor terrestrial reference significance also mainly for outdoor environment
The characteristics of most Direct Transfer is certainly outdoor, does not fully take into account indoor environment.At the same time, outdoor terrestrial reference significance research institute
The some problems having similarly occur in the research of terrestrial reference significance indoors, such as the acquisition of evaluation index data is more numerous
Trivial and be difficult to safeguard, exploitativeness is poor and lacks further investigation etc. to evaluation criterion weight.Traditional terrestrial reference significance
Evaluation method calculates mostly using arithmetic mean method, for whole each significance first class index (vision, semanteme, structure)
Body significance is calculated using weighted mean method, and weight is generally basede on expert graded and sets determines according to actual conditions.This
Kind method does not account for the weight difference of two-level index under each first class index of vision, semanteme, structure, and expert graded knot
Fruit accuracy is lower, is especially wanting the difference journey between more multiple indexs (such as nine two-level index in the present invention) simultaneously
In the case where degree.The present invention will propose a kind of improved easy on the basis of analyzing existing terrestrial reference significance evaluation method as a result,
In the evaluation method of the reasonable indoor terrestrial reference significance of quantization, weight calculation.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for the limitation of existing indoor terrestrial reference significance evaluation method, the object of the present invention is to provide one
Kind it is easy to quantify, the evaluation method of the reasonable indoor terrestrial reference significance of weight calculation, by user's interior space cognitive characteristics
Research and behavioural analysis, extract based on AHP and construct indoor stratification terrestrial reference, meet user's interior space cognitive need to generate
Navigation map.
Technical solution: a kind of indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking based on AHP includes the following steps:
Step (1), determine indoor terrestrial reference evaluation index and its module；
Step (2), user's Case-based Reasoning score to indoor terrestrial reference；
Step (3), the normalization result for calculating the scoring of terrestrial reference significance evaluation index；
Step (4), the hierarchy Model for establishing indoor terrestrial reference significance；
Step (5), Judgement Matricies；
Step (6) calculates terrestrial reference significance evaluation criterion weight coefficient；
Step (7) carries out consistency check；
Step (8), indoor terrestrial reference significance weight calculation and overall merit.
The step (1) specifically includes following content: referring to existing indoor and outdoor terrestrial reference significance evaluation method, uses for reference one
The characteristics of existing evaluation indexes a bit select the method using individual instances evaluation, are based on interior terrestrial reference and terrestrial reference individual are opposite
In the difference of landmark category, the main method using scale carries out grade classification to index, subjective index is adopted
It is with Pyatyi scale, i.e., not applicable, relatively applicable, applicable, more highly rated and ideal, for the index with clear boundary using fixed
Sequence scale, which divide, is aided with Boolean type evaluation, respectively from vision, semanteme, three level-one factors of structure and effective area, aobvious
Eye degree, unique label, familiarity, description length, uniqueness, spatial dimension, permanent, nine second levels of location prominence because
Son, which sets out, carries out the evaluation of indoor terrestrial reference significance.
In the step (3), scoring is mapped between [0,1] using the method that feature scales, its calculation formula is:
In formula, score refers to the scoring of the factor, and i refers to that single terrestrial reference element, I refer to the set of all terrestrial references, max
({ score (i) | i ∈ I }) refers to the maximum value acquired by the factor in all terrestrial references, min (score (i) | i ∈ I })
Refer to the minimum value acquired by the factor in all terrestrial references.
In the step (4), vision, semanteme, three first class index of structure and nine two-level index under it are constructed
Hierarchy Model calculates its respective weight by analytic hierarchy process (AHP).
In the step (5), the criterion of decision-making level is sentenced with understanding according to relative importance construction according to the experience to it
Disconnected matrix B=(aij)m×n, relative importance scale reference 1~9 and its reciprocal using expert advice and verifies.
In the step (6), meet Bx=λ using acquiring with area methodmaxThe Maximum characteristic root λ of xmaxAnd feature vector x,
The component of x is weight coefficient.
The step (8) specifically includes following content: indoor terrestrial reference has the significance of vision, semanteme, three aspect of structure,
It is carried out multi-time weighted average, respectively obtains terrestrial reference vision, semanteme, the structure respectively significance of dimension and overall significant
Degree
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the present invention having following marked improvement: (1) proposing a kind of improved room
Interior terrestrial reference significance evaluation method, combines the actual conditions of indoor environment, and evaluation result has more objectivity, and traditional special
Family scoring compare, be easy to quantify, weight calculation it is more scientific rationally；(2) scope of application is wider, be especially suitable for sample data compared with
Less and evaluation goal structure is more complicated or the judgement of index relative importance size degree is relatively easy to and index moderate number
The case where.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is destination layer and rule layer in hierarchy Model.
Specific embodiment
It is as shown in Figure 1 flow diagram of the invention.The present invention comprehensively considers the characteristics of indoor environment and evaluation is difficult
Degree and cost, combine the actual conditions of indoor environment, are analyzed compared with current existing terrestrial reference significance evaluation,
Select suitable Evaluation Strategy；Then, it needs to choose suitable terrestrial reference significance evaluation index, and is standardized using characteristic attribute
Method determine its module；Finally, being selected in view of traditional terrestrial reference significance evaluation method has the shortcomings that larger subjectivity
It selects and uses analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (AHP) as multi-index evaluation and obtain index weights and finally obtain that indoor terrestrial reference is whole
Significance.The spatial cognition that its research achievement also can be more in line with user for the design of indoor map and expression provides important reason
It is supported by knowledge and technology method.Below with reference to appended flow chart and specific embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is made detailed
Illustrate:
Methods of marking of the invention, basic index variable used are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Each process step in Fig. 1 is explained in detail and is illustrated below.
One, indoor terrestrial reference significance Evaluation Strategy is determined
On evaluation object type, current terrestrial reference significance evaluation can be divided into evaluating based on classification and based on individual
Evaluation.Due to currently lacking careful classification standard to indoor terrestrial reference or POI, and indoor terrestrial reference is densely distributed, uses base
Evaluation result precision is caused to be greatly reduced in the difference that the evaluation of classification can ignore terrestrial reference in same type.Moreover, because indoor
The environment gross area is smaller, and the relatively fewer indoor terrestrial reference of quantity is also easier to carry out individual evaluation, and thus the present invention will be based on individual
The significance of indoor terrestrial reference is evaluated.
In evaluation index type, the evaluation of current terrestrial reference significance can be divided into evaluation method based on measurement and be based on commenting
The evaluation method divided.Evaluation method based on measurement needs to acquire a large amount of achievement data, phase to each spatial object on the spot
To accurate, but these data are more many and diverse, and procurement cost is high, and is difficult to safeguard, exploitativeness is poor, are unfavorable for it quickly
Using with popularization.Moreover, many data such as color-values (RGB) itself might not have specific phase with visual saliency itself
Pass relationship, wherein the treatment process of user's subjectivity is difficult to effectively be reflected.Evaluation method based on scoring be use scale as
Qualitative evaluation is converted into the tool of quantitative assessment, though there is certain subjectivity, it can be the case where lacking precise measurement
Under obtain the relative result for meeting human cognitive as far as possible, and implement relatively easy convenience.The main method for using scale
Grade classification is carried out to index, Pyatyi scale is used for subjective index, i.e., it is not applicable, relatively more applicable, applicable, high
Degree is applicable in and ideal, carries out division using sequencing scale for the index with clear boundary and is aided with Boolean type evaluation.
Two, indoor terrestrial reference significance evaluation index is established
(1) user carries out the evaluation of indoor terrestrial reference significance from three vision, semanteme, structure level-one factors respectively.
It is often because of its vision note more attractive relative to other objects around that terrestrial reference, which has visual saliency,
Meaning.Usual perceptual property includes shape, color and material.Indoors in environment, due to blocking for building, effective area is opposite
More important in its occupied area, for the relatively outdoor object of room objects also with the presence of more word tags, these all improve it
Visual saliency.Its evaluation index is as follows.
Effective area (α), which refers to, has bigger effective area for advantageously, needing larger as candidate terrestrial reference
Physical area and be not blocked closely relatively from path.It takes path central distance terrestrial reference closest approach as a reference point, compares it
Effective area.Its relative value, example are evaluated by Pyatyi scale according to the effective area distribution situation of all terrestrial references of room area
If the lesser dustbin of effective area can assign point 1, and the biggish shop of effective area can be set to 5, other terrestrial references then basis
The relative size of itself and the above terrestrial reference, which assign, divides.
Salient (β) refers to visually than more prominent, special marker color or has significant area with surroundings
Other space characteristics.Salient is often related to the factors such as color, design features, light, needs through remarkable cognitive process
Comprehensively consider, is suitable for being evaluated using Li Kete Pyatyi scale.
Unique label (γ), which refers to, some visible unique labels, can attract the vision attention of user, be divided into
" no label ", " having label ", " having unique label " three grades are assigned respectively using sequencing scale and divide 1,2,3.
Semantic significance represents the attraction functionally or in history culture of indoor terrestrial reference, can be by making
It is evaluated with predetermined range.People are riper to the object with universal functionality and more well-known object
It knows, indoors in environment, there are a large amount of generally existing infrastructure, these have the potentiality as terrestrial reference.In addition, when one
When verbal description required for terrestrial reference is shorter, it is easier to be remembered and identified and propagate by people.Particularly, for individual
Terrestrial reference keeps uniqueness that can guarantee that it is not confused or produces ambiguity in a certain range.Its evaluation index is as follows.
Familiarity (δ) refers to that those generally existing objects (such as elevator) or well-known object (such as KFC) are right
It is more familiar with for user and is more suitable for becoming terrestrial reference.Its opposite popularity is mainly considered for retail shop, it is main for other objects
Consider its relative frequency occurred in general indoor environment, is evaluated using Pyatyi scale.
Description length (ζ) refers to that shorter sentence can be used, which to be described, to be more advantageous to memory and transmit letter to other people
Breath, is divided into " word without modification ", " word for needing to modify ", " other " three grades, using sequencing amount
Table is assigned respectively divides 3,2,1.
Uniqueness (η) refers to that unique room objects are more suitable for becoming candidate terrestrial reference, multiple room objects occurs and is easy
Form ambiguity.Its semantic significance can be reduced if having terrestrial reference to occur more than once in same indoor environment, by same indoor ring
Unique terrestrial reference is assigned a value of 1 in border, is not assigned a value of 0 uniquely.
Structure significance is marked on the significance level on spatial position with referring to.In outdoor environment, area reference generally can be with
It being conceptualized as a little, but environment indoors, the planar property of these terrestrial references still should be considered into the evaluation of terrestrial reference significance, this
It is that it is completely different with outdoor situation.In addition, being permanently also that terrestrial reference structure significantly guarantees that location prominence is for a
Body terrestrial reference is evaluated then more important.Its evaluation index is as follows.
Spatial dimension (θ) refer to some planars object (such as rest area) can also become terrestrial reference, but dotted object or
Person approximate can regard dotted object (such as lesser retail shop of only one side) as and be more suitable for becoming terrestrial reference, will dottedly
Mark is assigned a value of 1, and area reference is assigned a value of 0.
Permanently (ι) refers to that the object that those are seldom moved is more suitable for becoming candidate terrestrial reference, and permanent terrestrial reference is assigned a value of 1,
There is mobile terrestrial reference and is assigned a value of 0.
Location prominence (κ) refers to the interior on path or at intersection (including stair) or entrance
Object have higher structure significance, according to terrestrial reference have the above characteristic number can be assigned a value of 1,2,3 respectively.
(2) the normalization result of terrestrial reference significance evaluation index scoring is calculated；For the evaluation method of scoring, need to use
The normalized method of characteristic attribute, its object is to the joints that qualitative and quantitative numerical value is realized in the difference eliminated between variable dimension
It uses, the significance difference of different type variable is reflected with unified mode, if scoring model between terrestrial reference significance evaluation index
Enclosing disunity then can not directly carry out operation, its significance lies in that obtaining score of some index relative to integral level.The present invention
Scoring is mapped between [0,1] using the method that feature scales, its calculation formula is:
Score refers to the scoring of the factor in formula, and i refers to that single terrestrial reference element, I refer to the set of all terrestrial references, max
({ score (i) | i ∈ I }) refers to the maximum value acquired by the factor in all terrestrial references, min (score (i) | i ∈ I })
Refer to the minimum value acquired by the factor in all terrestrial references.
Three, the indoor terrestrial reference significance overall merit based on AHP
(1) hierarchy Model of indoor terrestrial reference significance is established；Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is introduced terrestrial reference significance by the present invention
In evaluation to replace expert graded parameter weight, including vision, semanteme, three first class index of structure weight and
The weight of each two-level index under it.The scope of application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is wider, is particularly suitable for that sample data is less and evaluation goal
The case where structure is more complicated or the judgement of index relative importance size degree is relatively easy to and index moderate number.Pass through layer
Fractional analysis calculates its respective weight, and destination layer is with rule layer as shown, destination layer is generally in hierarchy Model
Problem to be solved, rule layer are the criterion realized target and need to follow, and complicated level may include a series of sub- criterion.Layer
Destination layer and rule layer are as shown in Figure 2 in secondary structural model；
(2) Judgement Matricies；The criterion of decision-making level according to the experience to it and is understood according to relative importance structure
Make judgment matrix B=(aij)m×n, relative importance scale reference 1~9 and its reciprocal is mainly in view of classification quantity and sentences to people
Disconnected influence is suggested and is verified by psychologist Saaty.The following table 2 is the meaning of scale:
Table 2
(3) terrestrial reference significance evaluation criterion weight coefficient is calculated；Meet Bx=λ using acquiring with area methodmaxThe maximum of x is special
Levy root λmaxAnd the component of feature vector x, x are weight coefficient.
(4) consistency check is carried out；Need to carry out judgment matrix consistency check to determine the validity of judgment matrix
And the science of weight coefficient.Coincident indicator CI calculation formula are as follows:
Due to constructing completely the same judgment matrix i.e. λmax=n is relatively difficult to achieve, generally allows to deposit under certain limitation
In a degree of inconsistency, it need to be compared with Aver-age Random Consistency Index (RI), coincident indicator RI such as table
It is shown:
By only as n > 2, judgment matrix can just there is a situation where inconsistent known to formula, need to calculate consistency ration
CR, need to guarantee CR < 0.1, otherwise illustrate that matrix inconsistent needs to reconfigure judgment matrix there are biggish:
(5) indoor terrestrial reference significance weight calculation and overall merit；Indoor terrestrial reference has vision, semanteme, three aspect of structure
Significance, to indoor terrestrial reference significance carry out overall merit need to be weighted and averaged it twice, respectively obtain the terrestrial reference
The significance of the respective dimension of vision, semanteme, structure, its calculation formula is:
In formula, wαFor the weight of effective area index；wβFor the weight of salient index；wγFor unique label index
Weight；wδFor the weight of familiarity index；wζFor the weight for describing length index；wηFor the weight of uniqueness index；wθFor
The weight of spatial dimension index；wlFor the weight of permanent index；wκFor the weight of position always property index.
In formula, SαFor the scoring after effective area criterion；SβFor the scoring after salient criterion；
SγFor the scoring after unique label criterion；SδFor the scoring after familiarity criterion；SζTo describe length index
Scoring after standardization；SηFor the scoring after uniqueness criterion；SθFor the scoring after spatial dimension criterion；Sl
For the scoring after permanent criterion；SκFor the scoring behind position always property criterion.
In formula, SvisFor the scoring of visual saliency；SsemFor the scoring of semantic significance；SstrFor structure significance
Scoring.
Indoor terrestrial reference significance totality significance:
Ssum=wvisSvis+wsemSsem+wstrSstr (5)
S in formulasumFor the whole significance of the terrestrial reference, wvisFor the scoring weight of visual saliency；wsemIt is semantic significant
The scoring weight of degree；wstrFor the scoring weight of structure significance.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking based on AHP, which comprises the steps of:
Step (1), determine indoor terrestrial reference evaluation index and its module；
Step (2), user's Case-based Reasoning score to indoor terrestrial reference；
Step (3), the normalization result for calculating the scoring of terrestrial reference significance evaluation index；
Step (4), the hierarchy Model for establishing indoor terrestrial reference significance；
Step (5), Judgement Matricies；
Step (6) calculates terrestrial reference significance evaluation criterion weight coefficient；
Step (7) carries out consistency check；
Step (8), indoor terrestrial reference significance weight calculation and overall merit.
2. the indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking according to claim 1 based on AHP, it is characterised in that: the step
(1) it specifically includes following content: referring to existing indoor and outdoor terrestrial reference significance evaluation method, use for reference some existing evaluations and refer to
Mark, method of the selection using individual instances evaluation, the characteristics of based on indoor terrestrial reference and area of the terrestrial reference individual relative to landmark category
Not, grade classification is mainly carried out to index using the method for scale, Pyatyi scale is used for subjective index, i.e., not
It is applicable in, is relatively applicable, applicable, more highly rated and ideal, the index with clear boundary is divided using sequencing scale
It is aided with Boolean type evaluation, respectively from vision, semanteme, three level-one factors of structure and effective area, salient, Du Tebiao
Label, familiarity, description length, uniqueness, spatial dimension, permanent, nine second level factors of location prominence set out and carry out room
The evaluation of interior terrestrial reference significance.
3. the indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking according to claim 1 based on AHP, it is characterised in that: the step
(3) in, scoring is mapped between [0,1] using the method that feature scales, its calculation formula is:
In formula, score refers to the scoring of the factor, and i refers to that single terrestrial reference element, I refer to the set of all terrestrial references, max
({ score (i) | i ∈ I }) refers to the maximum value acquired by the factor in all terrestrial references, min (score (i) | i ∈ I })
Refer to the minimum value acquired by the factor in all terrestrial references.
4. the indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking according to claim 1 based on AHP, it is characterised in that: the step
(4) in, hierarchy Model is constructed to vision, semanteme, three first class index of structure and nine two-level index under it, is passed through
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) calculates its respective weight.
5. the indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking according to claim 1 based on AHP, it is characterised in that: the step
(5) in, the criterion of decision-making level according to the experience to it and is understood according to relative importance Judgement Matricies B=(aij)m×n,
Relative importance scale reference 1~9 and its inverse, using expert advice and are verified.
6. the indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking according to claim 1 based on AHP, it is characterised in that: the step
(6) in, meet Bx=λ using acquiring with area methodmaxThe Maximum characteristic root λ of xmaxAnd the component of feature vector x, x are weight
Coefficient.
7. the indoor terrestrial reference significance methods of marking according to claim 1 based on AHP, it is characterised in that: the step
(8) specifically include following content: indoor terrestrial reference has the significance of vision, semanteme, three aspect of structure, carries out to it multi-time weighted
It is average, respectively obtain terrestrial reference vision, semanteme, the structure respectively significance of dimension and overall significance.
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