CN109725132A - Measure a kind of short-cut method of crack figure in straight well core - Google Patents
Measure a kind of short-cut method of crack figure in straight well core Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the measuring methods of angle between single fracture dip in a kind of straight well core and different crack tendencies or trend, and step includes: step S1: core column according to the observation cuts the gular transparent paper of certain size；Step S2: being surrounded core column with cellophane paper, and the intersection of fracture surface each on core column and core cylinder is copied onto cellophane paper；Step S3: being directed to a certain fracture surface, analyze the characteristics of it is with core cylinder intersection, determines inclination angle and view tendency；Step S4: it for many cracks on the same core column, determines that inclination angle and view are inclined to according to step S3 respectively, further determines that the angle between crack tendency or trend；Step S5: for many cracks on the same core block, Number of Fractures is counted on cellophane paper, according to the length of core column, determines linear fracture density.The crack figure that the present invention provides determines that method is simple and easy, and determining occurrence is accurately credible, and accurate constraint data can be provided for fracture-type reservoir fine modeling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fractured reservoirs crack research fields, more particularly to a kind of crack single in straight well core to incline
The measuring method of angle between angle and different crack tendencies.
Background technique
With deepening continuously for oilfield prospecting developing work, fractured reservoirs ratio shared in oil-gas reservoir is continuous
Increase, such oil-gas reservoir reservoir is mainly the unconventional reservoirs such as tight sand, volcanic rock, metamorphic rock, their formation directly by
Fracture development is controlled.Crack constitutes the major reservoir spaces and seepage channel of oil gas in unconventional reservoir, while crack
Orientation controls the seepage direction of underground fluid.Currently, the importance in crack is more and more taken seriously, crack research is for guidance
The exploration and development plan implementation of fractured reservoirs, and then improve the development degree of fractured reservoirs reserves, improve exploitation effect
Fruit has most important theories and realistic meaning.
Drill core is the most intuitive firsthand information for obtaining subterranean fracture development characteristics.During core observation, due to
Core is cylindrical, leads to be difficult to the absolute size for directly measuring fracture dip, and the way generallyd use at present is that basis is split
Crack is roughly divided into horizontal joint (0 ° -15 °), low angle frature (15 ° -45 °), high angle frature (45 ° -75 °) by the inclined degree of seam
With vertical lap seam (75 ° -90 °).In addition, being difficult to orient by core is influenced, although can not directly give on core in most cases
Information is definitely inclined to or is moved towards in a certain crack, but when development has a plurality of different tendencies or moves towards crack in certain core section, reason
By the angle that can above provide between different crack tendencies or trend.The column characteristic of core also results in actual mechanical process
Angle between different direction crack tendency or trend is also difficult to directly measure, it is main at present big using the method estimated
It causes to determine the parameter.In short, the either inclination angle for single crack or different direction crack is inclined during core observation
To or trend between angle, influenced by core shape, be all difficult to directly accurate measurement at present, this aspect is unfavorable for finely
The development regularuty in crack is portrayed, while being also difficult to meet the needs of fracture-type reservoir fine modeling.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is intended to the actual conditions based on fracture development in core, proposes single in straight well core split
The Accurate Determining method of angle between inclination angle and different crack tendencies or trend is stitched, on the one hand which facilitates objective announcement and split
Law of development is stitched, while more accurate constraint data can be provided for fracture-type reservoir fine modeling.
It is influenced by lithology, construction and wellbore construction, core yield rate etc. are multifactor, institute's coring column table in drilling process
It is now different length, different angle crack and the intersection of different size core block cylinders is caused to show different characteristics.Right
During the observation of straight well core, for there is the core column of fracture development, the occurrence in the crack developed thereon is determined, specific steps are such as
Under:
Step S1: according to the length of certain observed core column, the gular transparent paper of certain size is cut, it is desirable that cellophane paper
Along core axis of a cylinder to size be not less than core column length, cellophane paper width be not less than core column perimeter.On a left side for cellophane paper
Inferior horn sets a coordinate origin O, crosses the point and is horizontal line OX and vertical line OY respectively, wherein the length of the direction OY representation rock core column
Degree, the direction OX represent azimuth size, intercept line segment OM along horizontal line OX, length is equal to the perimeter of core column, and sets O point pair
0 ° of azimuth is answered, M point corresponds to 360 ° of azimuth, and the corresponding angle of each point is divided equally between 0-360 ° on line segment OM.
Step S2: the meet relationship in analysis crack and core column, the especially Feature of Intersecting Line of fracture surface and core column surface,
Then core column is surrounded in the way of by OY line ∥ core axis of a cylinder on cellophane paper with the gular transparent paper cut, keep cellophane paper
It is constant with the relative position of core column, the intersection on all macrocrack faces developed on the core column and core column surface is copied
Onto cellophane paper.
Step S3: expansion cellophane paper analyzes the specific spy of itself and the intersection on core column surface for some fracture surface
Point determines inclination angle and the view tendency in crack.
Step S31: for horizontal joint, the intersection on fracture surface and core column surface is a circle, is expanded on cellophane paper
One horizontal line, reflection crack inclination angle are 0 °.
Step S32: for stitching vertically, fracture surface is two parallel vertical lines with the intersection on straight well core column surface,
It is unfolded on cellophane paper still for two vertical lines, reflection crack inclination angle is 90 °.If vertical stitch the intersection with core column surface transparent
Corresponding two vertical lines, find out the medium line between two vertical lines on cellophane paper on paper, find out on the cellophane paper described
Medium line between two vertical lines, azimuth corresponding to the line are the view tendency stitched vertically.Relative to medium line
Vertical seam and two intersections on core column surface are moved equidistantly to the left and to the right respectively, until the distance between two straight lines
Equal to the half of core column perimeter, i.e. azimuth corresponding to two straight lines differs 180 °, at this time any bar in this two intersections
The view trend that corresponding azimuth is as stitched vertically.Stitch vertically depending on trend can also directly by the azimuth of medium line ±
90 ° of acquisitions.
Step S33: for rake joist, when fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface complete oval for one, saturating
A complete sine curve is expanded on bright paper, directly measures sinusoidal amplitude h, fracture dip on cellophane paper at this time
θ=arctg (2h/d0), wherein d0For the diameter of core column.Sinusoidal minimum point is found on cellophane paper, this minimum point institute
Corresponding azimuth is the view tendency for representing rake joist.
Step S34: being influenced by crack inclined degree and core column length, when the friendship in dipping fracture face and core column surface
When line is elliptical a part, a curved section or two curved sections are expanded on cellophane paper, they in a cycle just
A part of chord curve is difficult to directly measure on cellophane paper sinusoidal amplitude h corresponding to curved section in this case.
In order to determine the inclination angle in crack, amplitude h is first sought using following method.
If sine curve equation are as follows:
Appoint in curved section on cellophane paper and takes three point S1、S2And S3, in set coordinate system XOY, 3 points of coordinate difference
For (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3), it is available that 3 coordinate values are successively substituted into formula (1):
Simultaneous formula (2), (3) and (4) can obtain following equations group (I):
Equation group I:
Solving equations I, available:
Wherein: a=sinx2-sinx1；B=sinx3-sinx2, c=cosx2-cosx1, d=cosx3-cosx2, e=y1-y2, f
=y2-y3.
Step S35: according to amplitude h and core column diameter d0, seek fracture dip θ=arctg (2h/d0)。
Step S36: further determine that the view of rake joist is inclined to according to the intersection feature of fracture surface and core column surface.When splitting
When the intersection on seam face and core column surface is a complete elliptical lower half portion, corresponding arc is directly found on cellophane paper
The minimum point of curvilinear lengths, the corresponding azimuth of point are the view tendency of rake joist.
Step S37: when fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are a complete elliptical top half, in cellophane paper
On find the highest point of corresponding arc-shaped bend line segment, the corresponding azimuthal opposite direction of the point is that the view of rake joist is inclined to.
Step S38: when fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are a complete elliptical middle section, i.e., specific
When both can not find the elliptical upper vertex of meet on the core column surface of length or can not find the elliptical lower vertex of meet, meet at this time
Line expands into two curves on cellophane paper, makees any level line and hands over two curves in two o'clock respectively, this two o'clock is a pair of symmetrical
Horizontal vertical line is made at point, the midpoint for crossing two o'clock.When two curves, which extend downwardly, tends to intersection, the corresponding azimuth of vertical line is
The view of rake joist is inclined to；When two curves, which upwardly extend, tends to intersection, the corresponding azimuthal opposite direction of vertical line is rake joist
View tendency.
Step S4: for each crack developed on the same core column, its inclination angle is determined according to above-mentioned steps S3
It is inclined to view, further determines that out that the angle between different crack view tendencies, the angle are different crack tendencies or move towards it
Between angle.
Step S5: the item number n of the intersection on fracture surface and core column surface is counted on cellophane paper, is as corresponded on core column
The item number in the crack of development.According to the length of core column, the line density (linear fracture density=described of fracture development is determined
Rock core column length described in Number of Fractures n/).
Step S6: it when a certain piece of core column has palaeo-magnetism orientation or well logging orientation data, is split according to what is developed thereon
The true tendency that crack is determined depending on being inclined to of seam.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present patent application is:
A kind of measurement for angle between fracture dip single in straight well core and different crack tendencies that the present patent application proposes
Method, by the inclination angle that can accurately determine out crack on straight well core during core is observed；When on same core block
Development can accurately provide between different cracks or move towards angle when having the tendency that multiple groups crack, and can easily count
The development density in crack.In the case where there is core orientation data, the tendency in crack can be also accurately determined out.The present invention gives
The determination method of crack figure out is simple and easy, and determining occurrence is accurately credible, can mention for fracture-type reservoir fine modeling
For more accurately constraining data.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that one kind that the present patent application proposes is pressed from both sides between fracture dip single in straight well core and different crack tendencies
The corresponding step schematic diagram of the measuring method at angle.
Fig. 2 is the setting of cellophane paper coordinate system and horizontal joint/core column surface intersection line expanded schematic diagram in the present patent application.
Fig. 3 is to stitch and core column surface intersection line expanded schematic diagram vertically in the present patent application.
The intersection expanded schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is rake joist in the present patent application/core column surface intersection line when being complete oval.
Fig. 5 is rake joist in the present patent application/core column surface intersection line when being elliptical top half or lower half portion, hands over
Line expanded schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is rake joist in the present patent application/core column surface intersection line when being a part among ellipse, intersection expansion signal
Figure.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with attached drawing 1-6, the invention will be further described: one kind fracture dip single in straight well core and difference
The measuring method of angle between the tendency of crack, as shown in Figure 1, specific embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) according to the length of certain observed core column, the gular transparent paper of certain size is cut, it is desirable that cellophane paper is along rock
The size of stem axial direction is not less than core column length, and cellophane paper width is not less than the perimeter of core column.As shown in Fig. 2, transparent
The lower left corner of paper sets a coordinate origin O, crosses the point and is horizontal line OX and vertical line OY respectively, wherein the direction OY representation rock core
The length of column, the direction OX represent azimuth size, intercept line segment OM along horizontal line OX, and length is equal to the perimeter of core column, and
If O point corresponds to 0 ° of azimuth, M point corresponds to 360 ° of azimuth, and the corresponding angle of each point carries out between 0-360 ° on line segment OM
Point.
(2) the meet relationship in crack and core column, the especially Feature of Intersecting Line of fracture surface and core column surface are analyzed, then
Surround core column in the way of by the parallel core axis of a cylinder of OY line on cellophane paper with the gular transparent paper cut, keep cellophane paper with
The relative position of core column is constant, and the intersection imitation in all macrocrack faces developed on the core column and core column surface is arrived
On cellophane paper.It should be noted that about crack and fracture surface, although practical crack be it is three-dimensional, measuring fracture shape
When, as soon as crack is reduced to a two-dimensional face, this face is called fracture surface.
(3) expansion cellophane paper analyzes the specific feature of itself and the intersection on core column surface, really for each fracture surface
Determine inclination angle and the view tendency in crack.
(4) for horizontal joint, the intersection on fracture surface and core column surface is a circle, and Yi Tiaoshui is expanded on cellophane paper
Horizontal line, reflection crack inclination angle are 0 °.
As shown in figure 3, fracture surface is two parallel vertical lines with the intersection on core column surface, saturating for stitching vertically
It is unfolded on bright paper still for two parallel vertical lines, reflection crack inclination angle is 90 °.If vertical seam and the intersection on core column surface exist
Corresponding two vertical lines AB and CD, first determine the medium line EF between two vertical lines, orientation corresponding to the line on cellophane paper
Angle is the view tendency stitched vertically.Vertical line AB, CD are moved equidistantly to left and right respectively relative to medium line EF,
Until the corresponding azimuth of two vertical lines differs 180 °, it is corresponding to obtain two straight lines A ' B ' and C ' D ', straight line A ' B ' or C ' D '
Azimuth is the view trend stitched vertically, and that stitches vertically can also directly be obtained by azimuth ± 90 ° of medium line EF depending on trend.It needs
It should be noted that depending on tendency and depending on being vertical relation between trend.Azimuth refers to 0 to 360 degree, and representative is a side
To, for example, 90 degree refer to is exactly East and West direction.
As shown in figure 4, for rake joist, when fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface complete oval for one,
A complete sine curve is expanded on cellophane paper, directly measures sinusoidal amplitude h on cellophane paper at this time, crack is inclined
Angle θ=arctg (2h/d0), wherein d0For the diameter of core column.Sinusoidal minimum point P is found on cellophane paper, P point institute is right
The azimuth answered represents the view tendency of rake joist.
(5) as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, it is influenced by crack inclined degree and core column length, when dipping fracture face and core
When the intersection on column surface is elliptical a part, expand into a curved section or two curved sections, they in a cycle just
A part of chord curve is difficult to directly measure on cellophane paper sinusoidal amplitude h corresponding to curved section in this case.
In order to determine the inclination angle in crack, amplitude h is first sought using following method.
If sine curve equation are as follows:
Appoint in curved section on cellophane paper and takes three point S1、S2And S3, in set coordinate system XOY, 3 points of coordinate difference
For (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3), it is available that 3 coordinate values are successively substituted into formula (1):
Simultaneous formula (2), (3) and (4) can obtain following equations group (I):
Equation group I:
Solving equations I, available:
Wherein: a=sinx2-sinx1；B=sinx3-sinx2, c=cosx2-cosx1, d=cosx3-cosx2, e=y1-y2, f
=y2-y3.
According to amplitude h and rock core column diameter d0, seek fracture dip θ=arctg (2h/d0)。
(6) as shown in crack 1 in Fig. 5, rake joist is further determined that according to the intersection feature of fracture surface and core column surface
View tendency.When fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are a complete elliptical lower half portion, on cellophane paper directly
The minimum point P of corresponding arc-shaped bend line segment is found, which is the view tendency of rake joist.
As shown in rake joist 2 in Fig. 5, when fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are a complete elliptical top half
When, the highest point P ' of corresponding arc-shaped bend line segment is found on cellophane paper, the corresponding azimuthal opposite direction of the point is inclination
The view of seam is inclined to.
As shown in fig. 6, when fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are a complete elliptical middle section, i.e., in spy
When both can not find the elliptical upper vertex of meet on the core column surface of measured length or can not find the elliptical lower vertex of meet, hand at this time
Tangent line expands into two curves on cellophane paper, makees any level line and hands over two curves in point O respectively1、O2, point O1、O2For a pair
Symmetric points cross O1O2Midpoint O ' make O1O2Vertical line l, the corresponding orientation vertical line l when two curves, which extend downwardly, tends to intersection
Angle is that the view of rake joist is inclined to.When two curves, which upwardly extend, tends to intersection, the corresponding azimuthal opposite direction of vertical line l is to incline
The view of R-joining is inclined to.
(7) under conditions of the relative position of holding cellophane paper and core column is constant, for being developed on the same core block
Each crack, determine inclination angle and view tendency according to the method described above, further determine that out between the view tendency of different cracks
Angle, the angle are the angle between different crack tendencies or trend.
(8) the item number n that the intersection on fracture surface and core column surface is counted on cellophane paper, as corresponds to and develops on core block
Crack item number.According to the length of core column, the line density (=n/ core column length) of fracture development is determined.
(9) when a certain piece of core has palaeo-magnetism orientation or well logging orientation data, according to the view in the crack developed thereon
Tendency determines the true tendency in crack.True tendency is that a more popular concept, those skilled in the art answer in this field
This has enough understandings and understanding to this, does not do excessive repeat herein.
The invention has the advantages that the inclination angle in crack on straight well core can be accurately determined out during core observation；
Angle, and energy can be accurately provided between different cracks or move towards when development has the tendency that multiple groups crack on same core block
Easily count the development density in crack.In the case where there is core orientation data, crack can be also accurately determined out
Tendency.The determination method for the crack figure that the present invention provides is simple and easy, and determining occurrence is accurately credible, can be Fractured
Reservoir fine modeling provides more accurately constraint data.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment, according to above content, according to the ordinary technical knowledge of this field
And customary means, under the premise of not departing from above-mentioned basic fundamental thought of the invention, the present invention can also make other diversified forms
Equivalent modifications, replacement or change, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of measuring method of the angle between single fracture dip in straight well core column and different crack tendencies, feature exist
In, the measuring method the following steps are included:
Step S1: according to the length of observed target core column, the length and width of gular transparent paper, the cellophane paper are determined
Length be not less than core column axial length, the cellophane paper width be not less than the core column perimeter, the cellophane paper
Lower-left angle point be set as coordinate origin, the excessively described coordinate origin is horizontal line OX along the width direction of cellophane paper, along transparent
The length direction of paper is vertical line OY, wherein the direction of the horizontal line OX represents azimuth size, the side of the vertical line OY
To the length grown for indicating core column, line segment OM is intercepted along the horizontal line OX, the length of the line segment OM is equal to the rock
The perimeter of stem, the corresponding azimuth of the coordinate origin are 0 °, and the M point corresponds to 360 ° of azimuth, on the line segment OM
Azimuth between point and 0-360 ° corresponds；
Step S2: being covered on the outer surface of the core column with the cellophane paper along the direction the vertical line OY, keeps described
The relative position of bright paper and the core column is constant, by all macrocrack faces developed on the core column and core column surface
Intersection copy on the cellophane paper；
Step S3: being unfolded the cellophane paper, for some fracture surface, analyzes the spy of the intersection of the fracture surface and core cylinder
Point determines inclination angle and the view tendency in the crack；
Step S4: for crack described in each developed on the core column, according to above-mentioned steps S3 determine its inclination angle and
Depending on tendency, further determine that out that the angle between different crack view tendencies, the angle are the angle between different crack tendencies；
Step S5: counting the item number of the intersection on the fracture surface and core column surface on the cellophane paper, as described
The item number in the crack developed on core column determines the line density of the fracture development according to the length of the core column:
The linear fracture density=the Number of Fractures/rock core column length；
Step S6: when a certain piece of core has palaeo-magnetism orientation or well logging orientation data, according to the view in the crack developed thereon
Tendency determines the true tendency in crack.
2. the measurement of the angle according to claim 1 between fracture dip single in straight well core and different crack tendencies
Method, which is characterized in that the step S3 includes:
Step S31: when the crack is horizontal joint, the intersection on the fracture surface and core column surface is a circle,
A horizontal line is expanded on the cellophane paper, reflection crack inclination angle is 0 °；
Step S32: when the crack is vertical seam, the fracture surface is two parallel with the intersection on core column surface
Vertical line is unfolded still for two vertical lines on the cellophane paper, and the crack counter-bevel is 90 °；On the cellophane paper
The medium line between two vertical lines is found out, azimuth corresponding to the line is the view tendency stitched vertically.
Step S33: when the crack is rake joist, and the fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are in the cellophane paper
On when being projected as a complete sine curve, sinusoidal amplitude h is directly measured on the cellophane paper, the crack is inclined
Angle θ=arctg (2h/d0), wherein d0For the diameter of the core column；Found on the cellophane paper it is described it is sinusoidal most
Low spot, azimuth corresponding to the minimum point are the view tendency of the rake joist；
Step S34: when the crack is rake joist, and the fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are in the cellophane paper
On when being projected as a curved section or two curved sections, determine amplitude h, and according to the amplitude h and rock core column diameter d0, seek
Fracture dip θ=arctg (2h/d0)；
Step S35: when the fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are a complete elliptical lower half portion, in institute
The minimum point that corresponding arc-shaped bend line segment is directly found on cellophane paper is stated, the corresponding azimuth of the minimum point is the inclination
The view of seam is inclined to；
Step S36: when the fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are a complete elliptical top half, in institute
The highest point that corresponding arc-shaped bend line segment is found on cellophane paper is stated, the corresponding azimuthal opposite direction in the highest point inclines to be described
The view of R-joining is inclined to；
Step S37: described when the fracture surface and the intersection on core column surface are a complete elliptical middle section
Rake joist and the intersection on core column surface expand into two curves on the cellophane paper, make any level line and hand over institute respectively
Two curves are stated in two o'clock, horizontal vertical line is made at the midpoint for crossing two o'clock, when two curves, which extend downwardly, tends to intersection,
The corresponding azimuth of vertical line is that the view of the rake joist is inclined to, when two curves, which upwardly extend, tends to intersection, vertical line pair
The azimuthal opposite direction answered is that the view of the rake joist is inclined to.
3. the measurement of the angle according to claim 2 between fracture dip single in straight well core and different crack tendencies
Method, which is characterized in that in the step S34, the method for determining amplitude h includes:
Sine curve equation:
Appoint in curved section on cellophane paper and takes three point S1、S2And S3, in set coordinate system XOY, 3 points of coordinate difference
For (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3), it is available that 3 coordinate values are successively substituted into formula (1):
Simultaneous formula (2), (3) and (4) can obtain following equations group (I):
Equation group I:
Solving equations I, available:
Wherein: a=sinx2-sinx1；B=sinx3-sinx2, c=cosx2-cosx1, d=cosx3-cosx2, e=y1-y2, f=
y2-y3.。
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| CN104989386A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-10-21 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Dense oil characteristic discrimination method and generation method of chart |
| CN106370817A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-01 | 西南石油大学 | Quantitative identification of fractures and caverns based on core analysis and electrical imaging logging |
| CN107389555A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-24 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | A kind of method for analyzing drilling rock mass master joint development direction |
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