CN109725131A - The joint measurement method of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in charcoal or charcoal improvement soil - Google Patents
The joint measurement method of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in charcoal or charcoal improvement soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the joint measurement methods of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in charcoal or charcoal improvement soil, and base cation is soluble base ion and exchangeable basic cations；The following steps are included: charcoal or charcoal improvement soil sieving；Add deionized water oscillation, filtering measurement soluble base ion concentration；Add ammonium acetate solution oscillation, elution, measures base cation total amount, calculate exchangeable basic cations content；Charcoal or charcoal improvement soil after ammonium acetate solution elution are eluted with ethyl alcohol and Klorvess Liquid, and measurement ammonium ion content calculates cation exchange capacity (CEC).The invention has the benefit that joint measurement method provided by the invention, is divided into soluble and two kinds of forms of exchangeability for the base cation in charcoal and its improvement soil, and can complete charcoal simultaneously and its improve the measurement of Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils.To correct evaluation and calculates charcoal and its have the function of to the improved effect of acid soil particularly important.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to charcoal or charcoal improvement soil in base cation content and
The joint measurement method of cation exchange capacity (CEC).
Background technique
The acid soil of large area is distributed in China, due to the weather of acid soil their location warm moist and plentiful
Rainfall, leads to that acid soil pH is lower, aluminium is malicious and manganese is malicious more serious and base cation is generally deficient, seriously constrains acidity
The sustainable development of soil region agricultural.Studies have shown that being passed through under anaerobism or anoxic condition by the carbonaceous material in nature
The charcoal that pyrolysis is formed is a kind of efficient acid soil improving agent (ZL 200910036222.8), and charcoal is applied acid
Property soil in can be improved soil pH value, reduce aluminium poison and manganese poison harm, improve base cation content, improve soil organic matter
Content, improvement soil texture etc., to improve the productivity of acid soil.
Exchangeable basic cations content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), degree of base saturation (BS) and effective cation exchange capacity
It (ECEC) is the important indicator for measuring acid soil fertility height.Because base cation is generally deficient in acid soil, survey at present
The neutral ammonium acetate substitution method for determining acid soil base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) does not deduct solubility in soil
Base cation content.And the charcoal as acid soil efficient improver often contains a large amount of soluble base ion, such as
Fruit measure and calculating process in soluble base ion without deducting, will lead to and measured improved through charcoal
The exchangeable basic cations content of soil is seriously higher than true value afterwards, so as to cause degree of base saturation and effective cation exchange capacity
Calculated value it is seriously bigger than normal, cause the inaccuracy of calculated result.Meanwhile also resulting in the mistake that acid soil effect is improved to charcoal
Accidentally evaluate.Therefore, the base cation in soil after charcoal and its improvement is divided into soluble and exchangeability two parts is very
Necessary and in the urgent need to address technical problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to above-mentioned defects in the prior art, provide charcoal or charcoal improvement soil
The joint measurement method of middle base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), can it is quick, accurate, large batch of to charcoal and its
Base cation is classified and is measured in soil after improvement, while can and survey soil cation exchange after charcoal and its improvement
Amount.
To achieve the goals above, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows: alkali in charcoal or charcoal improvement soil
The joint measurement method of ion concentration and cation exchange capacity (CEC), the base cation are soluble base ion and exchangeable base
Ion；Associated detecting method the following steps are included:
1) by charcoal or charcoal improvement soil sieving；
2) by the charcoal or charcoal improvement soil addition deionized water or ammonium acetate solution after sieving, oscillation；
3) in step 2), after deionized water oscillation is added, filtering can measure soluble base ion concentration；
4) it in step 2), after ammonium acetate solution oscillation is added, stands, then carry out secondary oscillation, filters later and with acetic acid
Ammonium salt solution elution, filtrate constant volume can determine the total amount of soluble base ion and exchangeable basic cations, with step 3)
The difference of obtained soluble base ion concentration is exchangeable basic cations content；
5) in step 4), charcoal or charcoal improvement soil after ammonium acetate solution elution are drenched with 95% ethyl alcohol
It washes, washes away ammonium acetate, then elute with Klorvess Liquid, filtrate constant volume measures ammonium ion content after shaking up, according to ammonium ion content
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) can be calculated.
Further, above-mentioned charcoal or charcoal improve the connection of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil
Measuring method is closed, the base cation is solubility K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Alkali cation and exchangeability K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+
Alkali cation.
Charcoal is to be passed through prepared by pyrolytic reaction under anaerobism or anoxic condition using the carbonaceous material in nature
A kind of carbon containing substance abundant.
Further, above-mentioned charcoal or charcoal improve the connection of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil
Measuring method is closed, the charcoal is corn stover charcoal, and it is that corn stover charcoal improves soil that charcoal, which improves soil,.
Further, above-mentioned charcoal or charcoal improve the connection of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil
Close measuring method, in the step 1), be sieved for 2mm sieve；The charcoal amount of taking is 0.5g, and charcoal improvement soil is taken
Amount is 5g.
Further, above-mentioned charcoal or charcoal improve the connection of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil
Measuring method is closed, in the step 2), the additional amount of deionized water is 25ml, and the additional amount of ammonium acetate solution is 25ml, acetic acid
Ammonium salt solution is 1M, pH value 7；Oscillation is to vibrate 5min using reciprocating vibration machine, 180rpm.
Further, above-mentioned charcoal or charcoal improve the connection of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil
Measuring method is closed, in the step 3), is filtered using filter paper.
Further, above-mentioned charcoal or charcoal improve the connection of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil
Measuring method is closed, in the step 4), time of repose is that for 24 hours, secondary frequency of oscillation is 180rpm, and duration of oscillation 15min is adopted
It is filtered with filter paper, the ammonium acetate solution of elution is 1M, and pH value 7, each dosage is 25ml, is eluted 9 times, filtrate is settled to
250ml can determine the total amount of soluble base ion and exchangeable basic cations.
Further, above-mentioned charcoal or charcoal improve the connection of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil
Measuring method is closed, in the step 5), each dosage of 95% ethanol rinse is 25ml, elutes 10 times altogether, washes away ammonium acetate, is eluted
It is 1M with Klorvess Liquid, each dosage is 25ml, elutes 10 times altogether, is settled to 250ml with Klorvess Liquid, measures after shaking up
Ammonium ion content can calculate cation exchange capacity (CEC) according to ammonium ion content.
The invention has the benefit that charcoal provided by the invention or charcoal improvement soil in base cation content and
Base cation in charcoal and its improvement soil is divided into soluble and exchangeability by the joint measurement method of cation exchange capacity (CEC)
Two kinds of forms, and charcoal can be completed simultaneously and its improve the measurement of Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils.To correct evaluation and calculate
Charcoal and its have the function of to the improved effect of acid soil particularly important.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is shown as the dynamic change schematic diagram of soil soluble base cation content in 2 incubation of embodiment.
Fig. 2 is shown as the dynamic change schematic diagram of Soil exchangeable Al ion concentration in 2 incubation of embodiment.
Fig. 3 is shown as the dynamic change schematic diagram of Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils in 2 incubation of embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The measurement of charcoal solubility, exchangeable basic cations and cation exchange capacity (CEC):
Solubility K in charcoal+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Measurement: weigh natural air drying state descended 2mm sieve 0.5000g
Charcoal (corn stover charcoal) in 100mL plastic bottle.25mL deionized water is added.Bottle cap is screwed, in reciprocating vibration machine
5min is vibrated under upper 180rpm.K in filtrate is measured after filter paper filtering+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Content, the as solubility of charcoal
Base cation content.
Soluble and exchangeability K in charcoal+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+The measurement of total amount: it weighs natural air drying state and descended
The charcoal (corn stover charcoal) of the 0.5000g of 2mm sieve is in 100mL plastic bottle.The 1M NH of 25mL is added4OAc (pH=7)
Solution.Bottle cap is screwed, vibrates 5min under 180rpm on reciprocating vibration machine.The charcoal particle being sticked in bottle wall is shaken, is made
Charcoal and NH4The mixture of OAc is stood for 24 hours.It stands for 24 hours afterwards by the plastic bottle equipped with mixture on reciprocating vibration machine
15min is vibrated under 180rpm.Mixture is filtered with filter paper into 250mL volumetric flask.When no filtrate filters out, with 25mL's
1M NH4OAc (pH=7) solution elutes the charcoal on filter paper.Same operation carries out 9 times altogether.Finally, by capacity
Filtrate in bottle is with 1M NH4OAc (pH=7) solution is settled to 250mL.K in filtrate is measured after shaking up+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Contain
Amount, soluble and exchangeability K as in charcoal+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Total amount.
Exchangeability K in charcoal+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Measurement: soluble and exchangeability K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Total amount with
Soluble K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+The difference of content is the exchangeable basic cations content of charcoal.
The measurement of charcoal cation exchange capacity (CEC): through 1M NH4OAc (pH=7) solution eluted after charcoal with 95%
Ethyl alcohol is eluted, and each wash out amount is 25mL, is eluted next time when no filtrate filters out, and is eluted 10 times altogether, to wash
Remove extra NH4OAc.Then it is eluted with 1M KCl solution, each wash out amount is 25mL, is carried out when no filtrate filters out next
Secondary elution elutes 10 times altogether, and filtrate is collected into 250mL volumetric flask.Finally, the filtrate in volumetric flask is determined with 1M KCl solution
Hold to 250mL.NH in filtrate is measured after shaking up4 +Content, according to NH4 +Content can calculate the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of charcoal.
According to soluble, exchangeability and other forms K in the corn stover charcoal of the method measurement+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Content
With each account for being shown in Table 1 than situation.
Table 1
Wherein, identical capitalization indicates that each processing difference under 1% level is not significant in same row.
About 65% K+Exist in the form of other, 35% exists with soluble state, existing with exchange state less than 1%.Greatly
About 45% Na+In the form of other or soluble state exists, existing with exchange state less than 8%.About 80% and 90% Ca2+With
Mg2+Exist in the form of other, 15% and 10% exists with exchange state, existing with soluble state less than 4% and 3%.
The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of corn stover charcoal according to the method measurement is 20.8cmol(+)/kg。
Embodiment 2:
Charcoal improves soluble, exchangeable basic cations and cation exchange capacity (CEC) measurement in soil:
Charcoal improves soluble, exchangeability K in soil+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Measurement with cation exchange capacity (CEC) is in addition to surveying
Random sample product are air-dried soil after charcoal improvement, and soil sample weighting amount is 5.0000g when measuring soluble base ion, are measured solvable
Property and exchangeable basic cations total amount and soil sample weighting amount is outside 5.0000g when cation exchange capacity (CEC), remaining operating procedure is the same as real
Apply in example 1 soluble, exchangeability K in charcoal+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+With the measurement of cation exchange capacity (CEC).
The culture experiment operating procedure of charcoal improvement acid soil are as follows: soil (2mm sieve) and corn stover after air-drying
Charcoal (2mm sieve) total 600g is put into plastic cup after mixing, and the addition level of corn stover charcoal is 0g/kg (0%) conduct pair
According to, 20g/kg (2%), 40g/kg (4%), 60g/kg (6%), 80g/kg (8%) and 100g/kg (10%).With field water holding
The 70% of amount is added deionized water and carries out indoor soil incubation test.Plastic cup is sealed with preservative film, and is stayed among preservative film
One aperture, so as to gas exchanges and reduces moisture loss.Plastic cup was placed in 25 DEG C of constant incubator and cultivates, every 3 days
It weighs 1 time and keeps the skin wet, to keep soil moisture content constant.After culture experiment starts the 0th, 30,90,150,240 and
Soil soluble base cation content, exchangeable basic cations content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) are measured after soil sampling air-dries within 360 days.
The dynamic change of soil soluble base cation content, exchangeable basic cations content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) is shown in incubation
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
As seen from Figure 1, by culture in 360 days, 5 corn stover charcoal pitch-based spheres can significantly improve soil
Soluble K+The amplitude of content, raising increases with the increase of charcoal additive amount, and the size order of increase rate is 10% (236%)
> 8% (181%) > 6% (121%) > 4% (67.2%) > 2% (34.7%)；5 corn stover charcoal pitch-based spheres
To significantly improve soil soluble Na+The amplitude of content, raising increases with the increase of charcoal additive amount, and the size of increase rate is suitable
Sequence is 10% (77.5%) > 8% (67.2%) > 6% (49.1%) > 4% (33.4%) > 2% (19.1%)；Addition 6%,
8% and 10% horizontal charcoal significantly increases soil soluble Ca2+The amplitude of content, raising increases with the increase of charcoal additive amount
Add, the size order of increase rate is 10% (33.6%) > 8% (16.4%) > 6% (8.25%)；Add 2% and 4% water
Flat charcoal reduces soil soluble Ca2+Content, the amplitude that reduces are 6.49% and 4.67%, but it is not significant to reduce degree performance；5
A corn stover charcoal pitch-based sphere can significantly improve soil soluble Mg2+Content, the amplitude of raising with charcoal additive amount increasing
Add and increase, the size order of increase rate is 10% (72.6%) > 8% (48.6%) >, 6% (45.4%) > 4%
(21.1%) > 2% (8.23%).
As seen from Figure 2, by culture in 360 days, 5 corn stover charcoal pitch-based spheres can extremely significant raising soil
Earth exchangeability K+The amplitude of content, raising increases with the increase of charcoal additive amount, and the size order of increase rate is 10%
(293%) > 8% (240%) > 6% (193%) > 4% (134%) > 2% (65.4%)；4%, 6%, 8% and 10% is beautiful
Rice straw charcoal pitch-based sphere can significantly improve soil exchangeable Na+Content, the size order of increase rate are 10%
(57.4%) 8% (26.0%) > 4% (21.2%) of > 6% (29.3%) >；5 corn stover charcoal pitch-based spheres can pole
Significantly improve soil exchangeable Ca2+The amplitude of content, raising increases, the size order of increase rate with the increase of charcoal additive amount
For 10% (242%) > 8% (214%) > 6% (160%) > 4% (102%) > 2% (58.9%)；5 corn stover charcoals
Pitch-based sphere can extremely significant raising soil exchangeable Mg2+The amplitude of content, raising increases with the increase of charcoal additive amount, mentions
The size order of high-amplitude is 10% (405%) > 8% (349%) > 6% (289%) > 4% (193%) > 2%
(96.5%).
As seen from Figure 3, in 360 days incubation times, the cation of soil is handed under 5 corn stover charcoal pitch-based spheres
The amount of changing is in the trend gradually increased, and then there is no variations substantially for control.After 360 days culture experiments, 6%, 8%
Charcoal pitch-based sphere with 10% significantly improves Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils, and 2% and 4% pitch-based sphere also improves the sun of soil
Ion exchange capacity, but increase rate performance is not significant.5 pitch-based spheres are suitable to the size of Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils increase rate
Sequence is 8% (15.4%) > 10% (14.9%) > 6% (10.0%) > 4% (6.21%) > 2% (6.14%).
Embodiment 3:
Charcoal is improved into the base cation in soil and is divided into soluble and exchangeability form urgency:
Traditional calculates acid soil ECEC and BS in the process without the content of deduction soluble base ion.But due to life
Object charcoal soluble base ion rich in, if when calculating ECEC and BS in soil after charcoal is improved to solubility
Base cation will cause ECEC without deductingIt is soluble(including the effective cation exchange capacity of soluble base ion) and
BSIt is soluble(including the degree of base saturation of soluble base ion) is far longer than true CEC and BS, and this mode is calculated
ECEC and BS the result is that unreasonable and inappropriate.The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and alkali of corn stover charcoal improvement soil
Saturation degree concrete analysis the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Wherein, CEC: cation exchange capacity (CEC)；
ECEC: effective cation exchange capacity, the sum of Exchange alkalinity and exchangeable base；
ECECIt is soluble: include the effective cation exchange capacity of soluble base ion, Exchange alkalinity, exchangeable base and
The sum of soluble base；
BS: degree of base saturation, exchangeable base account for the percentage of CEC；
BSIt is soluble: it include the degree of base saturation of soluble base ion, the sum of exchangeable base and soluble base account for
The percentage of CEC.
As can be seen from Table 2, after culture in 360 days, when the additive amount of charcoal reaches 8% and 10%, soil
ECECIt is solubleValue be more than CEC value.And under the pitch-based sphere of 5 charcoals soil BSIt is solubleValue has been more than BS value.In charcoal
Soluble base ion concentration is higher, will cause if not deducted in calculating process the exchangeable base measured from
The increase of sub- content, will lead to ECEC and ECECIt is solubleBetween, BS and BSIt is solubleBetween great deviation, for evaluate charcoal pair
The excellent improved effect of acid soil can misunderstand.Therefore, it is to base cation differentiating forms in soil after charcoal improvement
Soluble and two kinds of forms of exchangeability are very urgent and very necessary.If not deducting the influence of soluble base ion,
It will cause the excessively high estimation to Soil exchangeable Al, ECEC and BS after charcoal is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (8)
1. the joint measurement method of base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), feature in charcoal or charcoal improvement soil
It is, the base cation is soluble base ion and exchangeable basic cations；Associated detecting method the following steps are included:
1) by charcoal or charcoal improvement soil sieving；
2) by the charcoal or charcoal improvement soil addition deionized water or ammonium acetate solution after sieving, oscillation；
3) in step 2, after deionized water oscillation is added, filtering can measure soluble base ion concentration；
4) it in step 2, after ammonium acetate solution oscillation is added, stands, then carry out secondary oscillation, filtering later is simultaneously molten with ammonium acetate
Liquid elution, filtrate constant volume can determine the total amount of soluble base ion and exchangeable basic cations, obtain with step 3)
The difference of soluble base ion concentration be exchangeable basic cations content；
5) in step 4), charcoal or charcoal improvement soil after ammonium acetate solution elution are eluted with 95% ethyl alcohol, are washed
Ammonium acetate is removed, then is eluted with Klorvess Liquid, filtrate constant volume measures ammonium ion content after shaking up, according to ammonium ion content
Calculate cation exchange capacity (CEC).
2. base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in charcoal according to claim 1 or charcoal improvement soil
Joint measurement method, which is characterized in that the base cation is solubility K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Alkali cation and exchangeability K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Alkali cation.
3. base cation content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in charcoal according to claim 1 or charcoal improvement soil
Joint measurement method, which is characterized in that the charcoal is corn stover charcoal, and charcoal improves soil as the improvement of corn stover charcoal
Soil.
4. base cation content and cation are handed in charcoal according to claim 1 to 3 or charcoal improvement soil
The joint measurement method for the amount of changing, which is characterized in that in the step 1), be sieved for 2mm sieve；The charcoal amount of taking is
0.5g, it is 5g that charcoal, which improves the soil amount of taking,.
5. base cation content and cation are handed in charcoal according to claim 1 to 3 or charcoal improvement soil
The joint measurement method for the amount of changing, which is characterized in that in the step 2, the additional amount of deionized water is 25ml, ammonium acetate solution
Additional amount be 25ml, ammonium acetate solution 1M, pH value 7；Oscillation is to vibrate 5min using reciprocating vibration machine, 180rpm.
6. base cation content and cation are handed in charcoal according to claim 1 to 3 or charcoal improvement soil
The joint measurement method for the amount of changing, which is characterized in that in the step 3), be filtered using filter paper.
7. base cation content and cation are handed in charcoal according to claim 1 to 3 or charcoal improvement soil
The joint measurement method for the amount of changing, which is characterized in that in the step 4), time of repose is for 24 hours that secondary frequency of oscillation is
180rpm, duration of oscillation 15min, is filtered using filter paper, and the ammonium acetate solution of elution is 1M, pH value 7, and each dosage is
25ml is eluted 9 times, and filtrate, which is settled to 250ml, can determine the total amount of soluble base ion and exchangeable basic cations.
8. base cation content and cation are handed in charcoal according to claim 1 to 3 or charcoal improvement soil
The joint measurement method for the amount of changing, which is characterized in that in the step 5), each dosage of 95% ethanol rinse is 25ml, elutes 10 altogether
It is secondary, ammonium acetate is washed away, elution is 1M with Klorvess Liquid, and each dosage is 25ml, is eluted 10 times altogether, with Klorvess Liquid constant volume
To 250ml, ammonium ion content is measured after shaking up, cation exchange capacity (CEC) can be calculated according to ammonium ion content.
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Application publication date: 20190507 |