CN109720226B - Novel pulse charging and repairing integrated machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel pulse charging and repairing integrated machine, which comprises a main charging circuit and a control circuit, wherein the novel pulse charging and repairing integrated machine is simple in structure, and the circuit is designed by separating a main charging circuit board from the control circuit board, so that the cost is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the system maintenance is convenient; the circuit adopts a series charging and parallel discharging circuit board, realizes heavy current charging without windowing and externally applying copper bar PCB wiring, the positive and negative period main charging circuit board of alternating current alternately works under the action of the control circuit, and the capacitor is used for energy storage and discharging alternately, so that the energy transfer and isolation are effectively realized by using the capacitor as an energy storage element, and the stability of the system is improved.

Description

Novel pulse charging and repairing integrated machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a charger, in particular to a novel pulse charging and repairing integrated machine.

Background

Two major limiting factors of electric vehicles influencing popularization and promotion: 1. battery life 2, driving range. The service life of batteries of electric tricycles for pulling goods and delivering students is often concerned by consumers, and the lithium batteries are high in price, easy to fire and relatively poor in safety, so that the lead-acid batteries still have irreplaceability for a long time. At present, a domestic electric vehicle charger generally adopts a constant-current, constant-voltage and floating-charge three-section charging strategy, and the degradation defect of battery performance is more and more remarkable along with the use of a battery, and the battery capacity is mainly reduced in the mode of 1. The battery is full when being charged and is not used when being used; 2. a battery bulge; 3. the battery plate is vulcanized, and the battery activity is reduced, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity. As a result, the battery performance decreases with time, the internal resistance difference between the non-energized batteries increases more and more, and the battery having a large internal resistance heats up seriously in the constant current charging stage (q=i ² Rt), it is easy to cause rapid evaporation of the battery electrolyte and even swelling of the battery; also, because the voltage at the two ends of the battery with large internal resistance is high (u=ir), the total battery voltage of the battery in series connection is always larger than the stop voltage of the charger, therebyAnd the charger automatically stops charging.

Aiming at capacity reduction caused by pole plate vulcanization of a rechargeable battery, two main effective methods exist at present: 1. the method has a certain effect on the old water battery, but is basically useless for the colloid maintenance-free battery commonly adopted at present; 2. the method is realized by using strong pulse to break polar plate sulfide, and has the following general difficulties that (a) the pulse amplitude is large, the circuit is difficult to realize, the faults of a charger are more, the reliability is low, and (b) the cost of a repairing instrument is too high to be accepted by customers.

At present, a so-called positive pulse repairing instrument, a negative pulse repairing instrument, a plurality of manufacturers, uneven technology, large price difference and unsatisfactory repairing effect are adopted, a plurality of repairing instruments are used for carrying out false repairing and true charging, the repairing effect of a battery is limited, and the reason is that the pulse amplitude is too low and enough energy does not break polar plate crystals.

The inventors have made intensive studies for more than 10 years to solve the above problems, and found that there are three cases of battery damage: 1. and (5) supporting. The UPS standby battery is in a low-current float charge state for a long time, and the battery is damaged mainly because of pole plate vulcanization, so that the activity of the battery is reduced; 2. starvation is performed. The solar energy storage battery meets continuous overcast and rainy days, and the battery electric quantity is over-discharged and can not timely supplement electric energy, so that the activity of a battery polar plate is reduced. 3. Death. The battery backup such as an electric fork truck continuously works for a long time, so that the positive plate of the battery is softened and muddy, and the capacity of the battery is reduced finally. For the third case, such batteries have little maintenance value from my years of experience. Aiming at the first two conditions, the inventor develops a novel pulse charging and repairing integrated machine, realizes high-current charging by adopting a low-cost circuit, has the advantages of reliable system operation and remarkable battery repairing effect after years of verification, prolongs the service life of a new battery by more than one year by adopting the charger, and prolongs the service life of an old battery by more than one year by matching with a battery charging and discharging balance plate. For example, chinese patent publication No. 2015.06.17, application No. 201420820614X discloses a repair type pulse charger, which comprises a main power circuit and a control loop, wherein the main power circuit comprises an input filter circuit, a rectifying circuit, an auxiliary power supply, a DC-DC conversion circuit and a pulse charge-discharge circuit, the auxiliary power supply is connected with the control loop to provide required working voltage for the control loop, the control loop comprises a central control unit, a PWM pulse width modulator, a protection and identification circuit, a feedback control circuit, a regulator, a voltage acquisition circuit, a current acquisition circuit, a temperature acquisition circuit and a driving circuit, wherein the scheme adopts a charging strategy adopted by the most traditional pulse charger, AC-DC-DC needs to be programmed through a rectifier bridge, the output voltage is regulated through a BUCK circuit controlled by a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor) tube after inductance and capacitance filtering, the pulse charger is limited by the width of a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) tube wire and the like, the pulse amplitude is generally smaller, the pulse amplitude of the circuit is low, and the battery repair has almost no effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a novel pulse charging and repairing integrated machine which is simple in structure and convenient to use.

The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:

the novel pulse charging and repairing integrated machine comprises a main charging circuit and a control circuit, wherein the main charging circuit comprises an alternating current positive half-cycle charging circuit and an alternating current negative half-cycle charging circuit, the alternating current positive half-cycle charging current and the alternating current negative half-cycle charging current adopt asymmetric mechanisms, when the alternating current positive half-cycle charging circuit charges an energy storage capacitor in series, the energy storage capacitor of the alternating current negative half-cycle charging circuit discharges a rechargeable battery in parallel to complete charging of the rechargeable battery, and the alternating operation of the positive half-cycle charging circuit and the negative half-cycle charging circuit completes the whole charging process; the control circuit comprises a CPU controller, a charging indicator light interface P4 connected with the CPU controller, a jump level control circuit U6, U7, U8, a power supply processing circuit, an optocoupler U11 and a bridge rectifier voltage division filter circuit, wherein alternating current flows into the bridge U4 after passing through the voltage division resistor R6, R8, the alternating current is connected with filter capacitors C5, C6 and C7 after being divided by the bridge U4 rectifier voltage division resistor R5, R7, the bidirectional thyristor Q14 is connected with the CPU controller through the optocoupler U11, a rechargeable battery is connected with the CPU controller after passing through the power supply processing circuit to supply power for the CPU controller, the rechargeable battery is connected with an ADC1 of the CPU controller after being divided by the voltage division resistor R1, R2 and R4 and filtered by the filter capacitor C4, the CPU samples battery voltage, if the battery is connected, the bidirectional thyristor Q14 is driven to charge the battery through the optocoupler U11, the CPU controller simultaneously collects the alternating voltage in the charging process and controls the jump level and the jump level of the capacitor in parallel connection according to the actual power supply condition, and thus the relative stability of the current in the charging process is ensured.

The alternating current positive half-cycle charging circuit comprises a bidirectional thyristor Q14, a current-limiting capacitor C22, a current-limiting capacitor C23, rectifying diodes D1 and D15, a skip circuit, an energy storage capacitor C16, a diode D5 and an energy storage capacitor C17; the skip-stage circuit comprises rectifier diodes D1, controlled silicon Q9, Q10 and Q11, capacitors C14 and C15, isolation diodes D4 and D9, D10 and D11, current of alternating current enters from an L end, sequentially passes through a bidirectional controlled silicon D14, current limiting capacitors C22 and C23, a rectifier diode D1, a capacitor C14, a controlled silicon Q10, a capacitor C15, an isolation diode D4 and an energy storage capacitor C16, a diode D5, an energy storage capacitor C17 and a diode D15 and then returns to an alternating current N electrode, the skip-stage circuit is connected with the energy storage capacitors C16 and C17 in series after being isolated by a diode D5, the alternating current L end and the alternating current N end respectively pass through a current limiting resistor R6 and R8 and then enter a bridge pile U4, the bridge pile U4 is connected with a control circuit after being filtered, the L end and the bidirectional controlled silicon Q14 are connected with the capacitor C5, the capacitor C12 is connected with the capacitor C21 in parallel, the capacitor C21 is charged and the C18, and the current C21 is charged by the capacitor C14, and the C21 is discharged by the capacitor C18, and the three-way voltage-dividing resistor C4 is charged by the three-phase-dividing resistor R6 and the C7, and the C7 is charged by the three-phase-dividing capacitor C4, and the three-phase-dividing capacitor C4 is connected with the three-phase capacitor C4, and the three-phase circuit is connected with the current-phase circuit, and the current-phase circuit is connected with the current-and the current-phase circuit.

The alternating current negative half-cycle charging circuit comprises a bidirectional controllable silicon Q14, current limiting capacitors C22 and C23, rectifying diodes D2 and D16, energy storage capacitors C21, C20, C19 and C18, isolation diodes D8, D14, D13, D7, D12 and D6, wherein when IGBT or MOSFET transistors Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8 are closed, C21, C20, C19 and C18 complete series charging, meanwhile, IGBT or MOSFET transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are opened, capacitors C14, C15 and C16 and C17 complete parallel discharging of a rechargeable battery, alternating current flows from an N end through the diodes D2, and flows through the C21, D8, C20, D7, C19, D6, C18 and D16, the current limiting capacitors C23 and C22, and when the controllable silicon Q14 returns to the charging of an alternating current L end, the capacitors C14, C15, C16 and C17 are connected in series, and when the capacitors C14, C15 and C16 and C17 are connected in parallel.

The negative electrode of the current-limiting capacitor C22 is connected with the negative electrode of the current-limiting capacitor C23.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention has simple structure, the circuit adopts the separated design of the main charging circuit board and the control circuit board, thereby effectively reducing the cost and facilitating the system maintenance; the circuit adopts a serial charge and parallel discharge circuit board, realizes heavy current charge without windowing and externally applying copper bar PCB wiring, effectively reduces the withstand voltage value and the withstand current value of electronic components by serial charge, improves the reliability and reduces the cost at the same time; the positive and negative period main charging circuit board of alternating current alternately works under the action of the control circuit, capacitor energy storage and discharge are alternately carried out, energy transfer and isolation are effectively achieved by using the capacitor as an energy storage element, system stability is improved, the main charging circuit adopts left-right asymmetric design when the circuit normally works, the CPU samples alternating voltage in real time, automatic serial connection and parallel connection of the capacitor are automatically achieved according to the condition of power supply voltage, stability of charging current is guaranteed, PU samples power grid voltage in real time, average value filtering and two-in-three voting type filtering are adopted, the problem that the power grid moves unstably back and forth at a jump point is effectively filtered, interference is eliminated, and stability is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an AC positive half-cycle charging circuit of a main charging circuit of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an AC negative half-cycle charging circuit of the main charging circuit of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit;

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a main charging circuit;

fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a radiator fan interface P2;

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a 12V transformer secondary interface P3;

fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the charge indicator light interface P4;

fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of the control circuit interface P5;

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a current limiting capacitor;

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of transformer secondary rectification;

FIG. 11 is a diagram of an AC rectification sampling circuit;

FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of a control board power supply processing circuit;

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of driving optocouplers U6, U8;

fig. 14 is a circuit diagram of a driving optocoupler U7;

fig. 15 is a diagram of IGBT or MOSFET transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 driving circuits;

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of the single-chip U12;

fig. 17 is a skip stage circuit diagram.

Fig. 18 is a battery voltage sampling circuit diagram.

Fig. 19 is a circuit diagram of the driving of the thyristor Q14.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 19, a novel pulse charging and repairing integrated machine comprises a main charging circuit and a control circuit, wherein the main charging circuit comprises an alternating current positive half-cycle charging circuit and an alternating current negative half-cycle charging circuit, the alternating current positive half-cycle charging current and the alternating current negative half-cycle charging current adopt asymmetric mechanisms, when the alternating current positive half-cycle charging circuit charges an energy storage capacitor in series, the energy storage capacitor of the alternating current negative half-cycle charging circuit discharges the rechargeable battery in parallel, charging of the rechargeable battery is completed, and the alternating operation of the positive half-cycle charging circuit and the negative half-cycle charging circuit completes the whole charging process; the control circuit comprises a CPU controller, a charging indicator light interface P4 connected with the CPU controller, a jump level control circuit U6, U7, U8, a power supply processing circuit, an optocoupler U11 and a bridge rectifier voltage division filter circuit, wherein alternating current flows into the bridge U4 after passing through the voltage division resistor R6, R8, the alternating current is connected with filter capacitors C5, C6 and C7 after being divided by the bridge U4 rectifier voltage division resistor R5, R7, the bidirectional thyristor Q14 is connected with the CPU controller through the optocoupler U11, a rechargeable battery is connected with the CPU controller after passing through the power supply processing circuit to supply power for the CPU controller, the rechargeable battery is connected with an ADC1 of the CPU controller after being divided by the voltage division resistor R1, R2 and R4 and filtered by the filter capacitor C4, the CPU samples battery voltage, if the battery is connected, the bidirectional thyristor Q14 is driven to charge the battery through the optocoupler U11, the CPU controller simultaneously collects the alternating voltage in the charging process and controls the jump level and the jump level of the capacitor in parallel connection according to the actual power supply condition, and thus the relative stability of the current in the charging process is ensured.

The alternating current positive half-cycle charging circuit comprises a bidirectional thyristor Q14, current limiting capacitors C22 and C23, rectifier diodes D1 and D15, a skip circuit, an energy storage capacitor C16, a diode D5 and an energy storage capacitor C17; the skip-stage circuit comprises rectifier diodes D1, controlled silicon Q9, Q10 and Q11, capacitors C14 and C15, isolation diodes D4 and D9, D10 and D11, current of alternating current enters from an L end, sequentially passes through a bidirectional controlled silicon D14, current limiting capacitors C22 and C23, a rectifier diode D1, a capacitor C14, a controlled silicon Q10, a capacitor C15, an isolation diode D4 and an energy storage capacitor C16, a diode D5, an energy storage capacitor C17 and a diode D15 and then returns to an alternating current N electrode, the skip-stage circuit is connected with the energy storage capacitors C16 and C17 in series after being isolated by a diode D5, the alternating current L end and the alternating current N end respectively pass through a current limiting resistor R6 and R8 and then enter a bridge pile U4, the bridge pile U4 is connected with a control circuit after being filtered, the L end and the bidirectional controlled silicon Q14 are connected with the capacitor C5, the capacitor C12 is connected with the capacitor C21 in parallel, the capacitor C21 is charged and the C18, and the current C21 is charged by the capacitor C14, and the C21 is discharged by the capacitor C18, and the three-way voltage-dividing resistor C4 is charged by the three-phase-dividing resistor R6 and the C7, and the C7 is charged by the three-phase-dividing capacitor C4, and the three-phase-dividing capacitor C4 is connected with the three-phase capacitor C4, and the three-phase circuit is connected with the current-phase circuit, and the current-phase circuit is connected with the current-and the current-phase circuit.

The alternating current negative half-cycle charging circuit comprises a bidirectional controllable silicon Q14, current limiting capacitors C22 and C23, rectifying diodes D2 and D16, energy storage capacitors C21, C20, C19 and C18, isolation diodes D8, D14, D13, D7, D12 and D6, wherein at the moment, IGBT or MOSFET tubes Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8 are closed, C21, C20, C19 and C18 complete series charging, meanwhile, IGBT or MOSFET tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are opened, capacitors C14, C15 and C16 and C17 complete parallel discharging of a rechargeable battery, alternating current flows from an N end through the diodes D2, and flows through the C21, D8, C20, D7, C19, D6, C18 and D16, the current limiting capacitors C23 and C22, and the controllable silicon Q14 returns to an alternating current L end when the charging, the capacitors C14, C15, C16 and C17 are connected in series, and the capacitors C14, C15 and C16 and C17 work in parallel.

The negative electrode of the current-limiting capacitor C22 is connected with the negative electrode of the current-limiting capacitor C23.

The specific working process is as follows:

because the national grid allows 220V mains frequency AC to have an error of + -10% (actual supply voltage 198V-242V), in order to prevent the charge current from being too large, when AC >230V, the bidirectional thyristor Q9 is turned off, Q11 is turned off, Q10 is turned on, the IGBTs Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 are turned off, the positive half-period current of the electric AC enters from L, through the bidirectional thyristor Q14, the current limiting capacitor C22, C23 and then passes through D1, C14, Q10, C15, D4, C16, D5, C17, D15 back to the N pole of the AC, at this time, the IGBTs Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 are turned on, the energy storage capacitors C2, C8, C7, C6 realize parallel charging of the rechargeable battery, and the equivalent circuit realizes serial charging of the energy storage capacitors C14, C15, C16, C17, wherein the equivalent charging voltages are UC 14+15+uc16+uc3=u0, UC15, UC16, UC17, UC 3 are respectively the energy storage capacitors C14, UC16, 2223 are the two ends of the energy storage capacitors C14, C16, 2223, UC16, 2223 are the two ends of the voltage of the corresponding to the capacitor C2, C8, C7, C6 are the voltage of the capacitor 2224, and the voltage of the capacitor is the capacitor 2224; when 210V < ac is less than or equal to 230V, the bidirectional thyristor Q9 is turned off, Q10 is turned off, Q11 is turned on, the IGBTs Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 are turned off, the positive half-cycle current of the electric alternating current enters from the L terminal, passes through the bidirectional thyristor Q14, the current limiting capacitors C22, C23 and then passes through the D1, C14, Q11, C16, D5, C17, D15 back to the N terminal of the alternating current, at this time, the IGBTs Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 are turned on, the energy storage capacitors C2, C8, C7, C6 realize parallel discharge of the charging battery, the same circuit realizes serial charge of the energy storage capacitors C14, C16, C17, and as such charge voltage is UC 14+uc16+uc17+uc3=u0 (wherein UC14, UC15, UC16, UC17, UC2223 are voltages at both ends of the energy storage capacitors C14, C15, C16, C17, UC2223 are voltages at both ends of the capacitors C22, C23, assuming that C2, C8, C7, C6, C14, C15, C16, C17 are equal to each other, and UC 3=2230; when the AC is less than or equal to 210V, the bidirectional thyristor Q9 is conducted, the Q10 is turned off, the Q11 is conducted, the capacitors C14 and C15 are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the capacitor C16, and the N poles of the power supply are returned through D5, C17 and D15, U1415, U16, U17 and UC 2223=U 0 (wherein UC1415, UC16, UC17 and UC2223 are voltages after the energy storage C14 and C15 are connected in parallel respectively, the voltages at the two ends of C16 and C17 are voltages at the two ends of the capacitor C22 and C23, and the charging voltage of the battery is 3UC1415+UC2233, UC 2235= (U0-UC 2233)/3 and UC1415 is assumed that the capacities of C2, C8, C7, C6, C14 and C15 are equal;

when the working voltage 210V < AC is less than or equal to 230V, the CPU samples the power grid voltage to drive the bidirectional controllable silicon Q9 to be turned off, Q10 to be turned off, Q11 to be turned on, the left side and the right side of the main charging circuit are changed into an asymmetric structure, a 60V charger outputs about 72V through the charging voltage of the calculated charger, the CPU samples the power grid voltage to drive the bidirectional controllable silicon Q9 to be turned off, Q11 to be turned off and Q10 to be turned on because the power grid load is small at night and the voltage is higher than 230V to prevent the charging current from being overlarge, so that the circuit is changed into a bilateral symmetry mechanism, and the circuit is changed into a bilateral symmetry mechanism along with the serial connection of a left charging capacitor C15 due to the voltage division effect of the capacitor, the charging voltage drop is calculated (taking a 60V charger as an example) to be about 13V, so that the stability of the charging current is ensured, if the load of a power grid is heavy in the daytime, the voltage is lower than 210V, in order to ensure the stability of the output voltage of the charger, a CPU (Central processing Unit) controller samples the power grid voltage to drive a bidirectional thyristor Q9 to be conducted, Q10 to be turned off, Q11 to be conducted, and a capacitor C14 and a capacitor C15 are connected in parallel and then connected with a capacitor C16 in series, and the capacity of the capacitor C2, C8, C7, C6, C14, C15, C16 and C17 is equal, the capacity of the capacitor is increased and the capacity of the capacitor is decreased after the capacitor C15 and the capacitor 16 are connected in parallel, and the charging voltage is increased by about 13V after calculation (taking the 60V charger as an example), so that the normal operation of the charger is ensured;

as shown in fig. 4, after the rechargeable battery BT1 is connected to the charger, the battery voltage is sent to the control board through the third leg (VCC) and the fourth leg (GND 1) of the control board P5, the CPU controller starts working when power is supplied, the battery voltage is divided by the voltage dividing resistors R1, R3 and R4, the capacitor C4 is filtered and then sent to the ADC1 of the CPU controller for sampling, if the battery is connected, the CPU controller outputs a control signal to control the bidirectional thyristor Q14 to be turned on, if the user only accesses the alternating current and has no battery connected, the CPU controller does not work, so that the charger is prevented from outputting after the user inserts the socket, thereby causing accidental electric shock, and the safety of the system is improved;

the power frequency alternating current is connected with the primary side of a 12V transformer after passing through a bidirectional thyristor Q14, the secondary side output of the transformer is sent to a bridge pile U1 of a control board through an interface P2, and is rectified by the bridge pile U1, C2 and C3 to provide power for a control board part device of a control circuit after capacitive filtering, and on the other hand, the power is output to a cooling fan through P2 to supply power for a main charging board and the control board, the bidirectional thyristor Q14 is closed by a CPU after charging is finished, the cooling fan is closed at the same time, the fan noise can be effectively reduced, and the service life of the fan is prolonged;

the negative half-cycle charging circuit of alternating current, alternating current is input from the right half part N end of the main charging circuit, at this time, IGBT Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 turn off, current enters from diode D2, through capacitor C2, diode D6, capacitor C8, diode D8, capacitor C7, diode D7, capacitor C6, diode D16 after being through current limiting capacitor C23, C22 bidirectional thyristor Q14 back to the L pole of alternating current, capacitor C2, C8, C7, C6 realize series charging, charging voltage is UC2+UC7+UC9+UC6+UC3=U0, wherein UC2, UC7, UC9, UC6, UC3 are voltages at two ends of energy storage C2, C8, C7, C6, UC3 are voltages at two ends of capacitor C22, C23, assuming that the capacities of C2, C8, C7, C6, C14, C15, C16, C17 are equal, UC2+3=U0, UC2+U2+U3=0, UC3+U3+U3=U3 (UC3-UC3/UC2);

because the national grid allows 220V mains frequency alternating current to have an error of +/-10% (actual power supply voltage 198V-242V), in order to prevent overlarge charging current, when AC >230V, the bidirectional thyristor Q9 is turned off, the Q11 is turned off, the Q10 is turned on, the IGBT or MOSFET transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 are turned off, positive half-period current of the electric alternating current enters from L, through the bidirectional thyristor Q14, the current limiting capacitors C22, C23 and then passes through D1, C14, Q10, C15, D4, C16, D5, C17, D15 returns to the N pole of the alternating current, at this time, the IGBT or MOSFET transistors Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 are turned on, the energy storage capacitors C2, C8, C7, C6 realize parallel connection to discharge the rechargeable battery, and the same circuit realizes serial charging of the energy storage capacitors C14, C15, C16, C17, the same charge voltage is UC 14+15+16+uc 17+3=u0, wherein UC14, 15, 16, C17, UC 3, UC17, UC 4, UC16, UC2, UC 4, and UC 4 are respectively the voltages at two ends of the capacitor C14, C8, C17, and 2, C6 are 2224; when 210V < ac is less than or equal to 230V, the bidirectional thyristor Q9 is turned off, Q10 is turned off, Q11 is turned on, the IGBT or MOSFET transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 are turned off, the positive half-cycle current of the ac current enters from L, and passes through the bidirectional thyristor Q14, the current limiting capacitors C22, C23 and then passes through the N poles of the ac current, at this time, the IGBT or MOSFET transistors Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 are turned on, the energy storage capacitors C2, C8, C7, C6 realize parallel discharge to the rechargeable battery, and the same circuit realizes serial charge to the energy storage capacitors C14, C16, C17, and the charging voltage is equal to UC 14+uc16+uc17+uc3=u0 (wherein UC14, UC15, UC16, UC17 are voltages at both ends of the energy storage capacitors C14, C15, C16, C17, C3 are voltages at both ends of the capacitor C22, C23, C2, C8, C6, C14, C16, UC17 are equal to UC 3=uc3 (UC 14, UC15, UC17 and UC 3 are equal to UC 3); when the AC is less than or equal to 210V, the bidirectional thyristor Q9 is conducted, the Q10 is turned off, the Q11 is conducted, the capacitors C14 and C15 are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the capacitor C16, and the N poles of the power supply are returned through D5, C17 and D15, U1415, U16, U17 and UC 2223=U 0 (wherein UC1415, UC16, UC17 and UC2223 are voltages after the energy storage C14 and C15 are connected in parallel respectively, the voltages at the two ends of C16 and C17 are voltages at the two ends of the capacitor C22 and C23, and the charging voltage of the battery is 3UC1415+UC2233, UC 2235= (U0-UC 2233)/3 and UC1415 is assumed that the capacities of C2, C8, C7, C6, C14 and C15 are equal;

when the working voltage 210V < AC is less than or equal to 230V, the CPU controller samples the power grid voltage to drive the bidirectional thyristor Q9 to be turned off, Q10 to be turned off, Q11 to be turned on, the left side and the right side of the main charging circuit become asymmetric structures, a 60V charger outputs about 72V through the charging voltage of the calculated charger, because the power grid load is small at night, the voltage is higher than 230V to prevent the excessive charging current, the CPU samples the power grid voltage to drive the bidirectional thyristor Q9 to be turned off, Q11 to be turned off, Q10 to be turned on, the circuit becomes a bilateral symmetry structure, the charging voltage drop 13V is calculated (taking a 60V charger as an example) due to the voltage division effect of the capacitor C15, so that the stability of the charging current is ensured, if the power grid load is heavy in daytime, the voltage is lower than 210V, the output voltage of the charger is ensured to be stable, the CPU controller samples the power grid voltage to drive the bidirectional thyristor Q9 to be turned on, Q10 to be turned off, Q11 to be turned on, and C14 and C15 to be connected in parallel with the capacitor C16, and C2, C8, C7, C14, C16 and C16 to be connected in parallel with the capacitor C16 is equal to the capacitor C15 to be turned off, and the capacitor C16 is turned on, and the capacitor C16 is turned off to be equal to the positive and the charging voltage is turned off to be turned off to the positive and the capacitor to be turned off and the positive and the charging voltage is turned off to the positive and the charging voltage is turned on the negative to the charging voltage is turned on the capacitor to the negative;

the circuit adopts series charging and parallel discharging, the capacitor is used as an energy storage element to realize signal isolation of an input stage and a charging stage, the reliability and the safety of the system are improved, meanwhile, the cost of a pulse charger is also reduced, a 60V charger is taken as an example, the charging current is assumed to be 20A, the power 60V of the charger is equal to 20A=1200W, 7 IGBTs are used for charging batteries when the circuit normally works, namely the charging current is divided into 7 paths, each path of charging current is only 20A/7=2.85A, the PCB wiring width is 3MM, the cost and the production difficulty are effectively reduced (at least 1.5 square pure copper wire of a common charger 20A circuit), the efficiency of the charger is not considered, the width of the PCB wiring of an alternating current input end is equal to 6MM, the requirement can be met, and the series charging parallel discharging strategy circuit board can meet the current requirement without windowing and additional copper bars are arranged on the PCB board;

the common 20A charger can meet the requirements of the diode 6A10 in the main circuit, the current 3A of each IGBT or MOSFET tube and the withstand voltage value of 100V can meet the requirements, the withstand voltage value of the energy storage capacitor is 80V, the diode current 6A in the circuit and the withstand voltage of 80V can meet the requirements, and the requirements of electronic components are effectively reduced, so that the overall cost is reduced;

the charger is a pulse charger manufactured based on a Mas charging law, the circuits at the left side and the right side work alternately, so that the sulfuration of battery plates can be effectively eliminated, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the service life of the battery can be prolonged by testing a common battery by a large number of installers;

the inventors have found that according to a number of documents, such as experimental study on K1 values in mars theory Yan Xiao, wang Fuzhong, dunghun, wang Zhaocheng, deng Yawen. The research of energy saving technology and the like and the engineering experience are combined, a great amount of experimental research shows that the pulse current is 5-7 times of the charging current, the pole plate sulfuration effect is best, the pulse current of one 20A charger is required to be 100A-140A, the pulse charging current is also the gap which is difficult to be spanned by domestic pulse chargers, the pulse charging current is not acceptable in terms of cost or technology, the pulse charging current is also the reasons of uneven technology and huge price difference of the current domestic pulse chargers, most domestic pulse chargers are charged next time, a switching tube is only added for carrying out direct current chopping on the basis of a common charger, and the inventor has great value in a great amount of experiments on prolonging the service life of batteries and removing pole plate sulfuration;

and (5) calculating pulse current. The pulse charger has 7 paths of discharge, the average current of each path of charging current of 140A is only 20A, the requirements on IGBT and wiring are not high, the pulse current Io= (Uo-Uc)/Ro is assumed to be the output voltage Uo, the battery voltage Uc and the battery internal resistance Ro of the pulse charger, the internal resistance of the battery is very small, the national standard internal resistance of the electric three-wheel and four-wheel common 12V 150AH battery is about 4 milliohms, the voltage difference is only required to reach 0.56V, the internal resistance of the battery is increased due to the fact that the voltage difference is increased after the battery is used for a period of time, the capacitor is used as an energy storage element, the capacitor is not discharged when the capacitor is charged in series when the battery alternately works left and right, and the capacitor is discharged in parallel connectionWhen not charging, the discharging process is zero state response, and the pulse current Io= (Uo-Uc)/ro×e ^-t/RoC The pulse current is rapidly attenuated by the exponent power of e, the instantaneous pulse current is overlarge due to small internal resistance of the battery, the pulse amplitude is properly regulated to improve the reliability of the circuit, a smooth inductor L1 is introduced into the circuit, the inductance value is small, and several to tens of microhenries are needed, and a freewheeling diode D8 is added in the circuit for rapidly closing the IGBT or MOSFET tube because the current in the inductor cannot be suddenly changed, so that the freewheeling of the circuit and the recovery of the inductive energy are realized;

the inventor deeply surveys the market, found that 60V electric tricycles and quadricycles account for about 50% of the market, 48V accounts for 15%,72V accounts for 15%, and the rest 24V,36V,84V,96V accounts for about 20%, along with the improvement of user demands, a plurality of electric quadricycles for receiving students are provided with warm-air machines, the battery voltage is too low and the warm-air machines are difficult, the market share of 72V,84V electric tricycles is gradually improved, in order to improve the compatibility of the system, the stock cost is reduced, the Q8, C21, D24 and D8 are removed from the right side I of a main charging circuit, the circuit can charge 72V batteries without any change, and the right side Q8, C21, D24, D8, Q7, C20, D13 and D7 of the main charging circuit can charge 84V batteries without any change by proper change of a proper change program, and the circuit board has strong compatibility.

If the grid voltage is creeping back and forth around 230V in the charging process, the CPU controller adopts a three-in-two algorithm besides filtering the digital tie value of the sampled data in order to prevent the CPU controller from continuously driving the controllable silicon to realize charging skip. For example, the CPU controller samples the grid voltage three times, and if the voltage is found to be greater than 230V more than two times, the jump is realized, and the other conditions are the same.

As shown in fig. 10 to 19, the specific operation of the control circuit is as follows: the auxiliary side coil of the 12V isolation transformer is filtered by rectifier capacitors C1, C2 and C3 of the bridge pile U1 to be used as a fan, and a voltage comparator LM358 provides power; the alternating current L and N enter bridge rectifier U4 after passing through current limiting resistors R6 and R8, voltage dividing resistors R5 and R7 divide voltage, capacitors C5, C6 and C7 filter and send the alternating current to a singlechip U12 for AD sampling, the alternating current change is perceived, optocouplers U6 and U7 are driven, and U8 realizes the jump stage of a left half circuit of a main control circuit, so that the stability of charging current is ensured; the battery voltage is divided by voltage dividing resistors R1, R3 and R4, the filter capacitor C4 filters the voltage and then sends the voltage to the singlechip U12 for AD sampling, and the bidirectional thyristor driving chip U11 is driven according to the battery voltage, so that charging is started and the charging is finished.

The battery voltage is filtered by voltage stabilizing tubes VD1, VD2 and VD3, voltage reducing capacitors C11 and C8, and then is fed into three-terminal voltage stabilizing chip U5 capacitors C9, C12, C13 and C10, and working electric energy is provided for the CPU.

The auxiliary side coil of the 12V isolation transformer enters the non-inverting input end of the comparator LM358 after passing through the resistors R13 optocouplers U9 and U13, the output voltage of the bridge pile U1 is fed into the inverting input end of the comparator LM358 after being divided by the resistors R18 and R19, a comparison threshold value is provided for the comparator, and the comparator output drives the main charging circuit to realize alternate charging and discharging according to design logic. ISP is SCM U12 program download port, and the IO port P3.5 and P3.2 of SCM drive charge indicator lamp.

The positive half period of alternating current, the auxiliary side current AC122 of the 12V isolation transformer goes through an optocoupler U13, a current limiting resistor R13 enters and returns to AC121, at the moment, a fifth pin in-phase input end of a comparator LM358 inputs high voltage IO10 to output high level, IO9 outputs low level, IGBT or MOSFET transistors Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8 are opened, capacitors C21, C20, C19 and C18 realize parallel discharging of rechargeable batteries, IGBT or MOSFET transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are closed, capacitors C14, C15, C16 and C17 realize serial charging on a CPU jump level measurement control line, and the working process of the negative half period of alternating current is identical.

In order to prevent overcharge of part of the battery caused by disconnection, electrode falling and the like, the CPU controller continuously samples the battery voltage in the charging process, if the battery voltage reaches a set value, for example, 68.5V of a 60V charger, the CPU controller is started for 2 hours, the charging is finished if the battery voltage reaches 69.5V in a set time, the battery voltage drops after the charging is finished, but the charging is continued if the set time is not reached, and the charging is finished if the battery voltage does not reach 69.5V in 2 hours after the voltage reaches 68.5V.

The charging and discharging circuit can obtain 5-7 times of rated charging current under the condition that a PCB is not required to be windowed, the crystallization of a battery polar plate is effectively eliminated, the service life of a battery is prolonged, a CPU automatically collects the power supply voltage of a national power grid, the jump-stage series connection and parallel connection of a capacitor can be automatically realized according to the fluctuation of the power grid, so that the relative stability of the charging current is ensured, the circuit has good universality, for charging batteries with different voltage grades, the charging of batteries with the types of 60V,72V,84V and 96V which are not passed can be realized by only removing part of electronic components of the charging circuit with the negative alternating current half cycle, the battery charger utilizes the capacitor to realize the isolation between alternating current and the charging battery, the size of the charging current is controlled through the current limiting capacitor, the ingenious series connection and parallel connection of the electronic components are realized, the charging current is effectively reduced, and the cost is reduced.

Claims (3)

1. Novel pulse charging restores all-in-one, its characterized in that: the power supply device comprises a main charging circuit and a control circuit, wherein the main charging circuit comprises an alternating current positive half-cycle charging circuit and an alternating current negative half-cycle charging circuit, and an asymmetric mechanism is adopted for the alternating current positive half-cycle charging current and the alternating current negative half-cycle charging current; when the alternating current positive half-period charging circuit carries out series charging on the energy storage capacitor, the energy storage capacitor of the alternating current negative half-period charging circuit carries out parallel discharging on the rechargeable battery, charging on the rechargeable battery is completed, and the positive and negative half-period charging circuit alternately works to complete the whole charging process; the control circuit comprises a CPU controller, a charge indicator interface P4 connected with the CPU controller, a jump level control circuit U6, U7, U8, a power supply processing circuit, an optocoupler U11 and a bridge rectifier voltage division filter circuit, wherein alternating current enters the bridge U4 after being limited by a voltage division resistor R6 and R8, the alternating current is connected with filter capacitors C5, C6 and C7 after being divided by the bridge U4 rectifier voltage division resistor R5 and R7, the CPU is connected with the CPU controller through a voltage ADC0 voltage sensing change of the sampling ADC0, a bidirectional thyristor Q14 is connected with the CPU controller through an optocoupler U11, the rechargeable battery is connected with the CPU controller through a power supply processing circuit to supply power to the CPU controller, the rechargeable battery is connected with an ADC1 of the CPU controller after being divided by the voltage division resistor R1, R2 and R4, the CPU controller samples battery voltage, and senses battery voltage in real time, if the battery is connected, the battery is charged by the optocoupler U11, and the bidirectional thyristor Q14 is driven to charge the battery, and the current is stably connected with the jump level control circuit in parallel according to the actual power supply current; the alternating current positive half-cycle charging circuit comprises a bidirectional thyristor Q14, current limiting capacitors C22 and C23, rectifying diodes D1 and D15, a skip circuit, energy storage capacitors C14 and C15, a diode D5, energy storage capacitors C16 and C17 and isolation diodes D9, D10 and D11; the skip-stage circuit comprises rectifier diodes D1 and D15, skip-stage control thyristors Q9, Q10 and Q11, capacitors C14 and C15, isolation diodes D9, D10 and D11 and circuit inter-stage rectifier diodes D4 and D5; the current of alternating current enters from an L end and sequentially passes through a bidirectional controllable silicon D14, a current limiting capacitor C22 and C23, a rectifying diode D1, a capacitor C14, a controllable silicon Q10, a capacitor C15, an interstage rectifying diode D4 and an energy storage capacitor C16, wherein the interstage rectifying diode D5 is connected with the bidirectional controllable silicon Q14 after the energy storage capacitor C17 and the rectifying diode D15 are isolated, the skip circuit and the energy storage capacitor C16 and C17 are connected in series after being isolated by the diode D5, a control circuit is respectively connected with the skip circuit and the bidirectional controllable silicon Q14, the alternating current L end and the alternating current N end respectively pass through a current limiting resistor R6 and R8 and enter a bridge pile U4, the bridge pile U4 is connected with a voltage dividing resistor R5 and a voltage dividing filter capacitor C5 and C6 through a resistor R7 after being filtered, the C7L end is connected with the control circuit, the alternating current L end is connected with the bidirectional controllable silicon Q14, the current at the alternating current N end passes through a primary side 2 of a 12V isolation transformer, the alternating current L end enters a primary side 1 of the 12V isolation transformer after the bidirectional controllable silicon Q14, and the alternating current L end is charged by the bridge rectifier Q14 or the 12V isolation transformer Q4, and the bridge Q4 is charged by the bridge pile Q4 or the capacitor C21, and the bridge Q21 is charged by the bridge Q21, C20 is charged in series, and the bridge Q21 is charged by the bridge Q20, and the bridge capacitor C20 is charged by the bridge capacitor C21, and the bridge capacitor C20C 18 is charged; the alternating current negative half-cycle charging circuit comprises a bidirectional controllable silicon Q14, current limiting capacitors C22 and C23, rectifying diodes D2 and D16, energy storage capacitors C21, C20, C19 and C18, isolation diodes D8, D14, D13, D7, D12 and D6, wherein at the moment, IGBT or MOSFET tubes Q5, Q6, Q7 and Q8 are closed, C21, C20, C19 and C18 complete series charging, meanwhile, IGBT or MOSFET tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are opened, capacitors C14, C15 and C16 and C17 complete parallel discharging of a rechargeable battery, alternating current flows from an N end through the diodes D2, and flows through the C21, D8, C20, D7, C19, D6, C18 and D16, the current limiting capacitors C23 and C22, and the controllable silicon Q14 returns to an alternating current L end when the charging, the capacitors C14, C15, C16 and C17 are connected in series, and the capacitors C14, C15 and C16 and C17 work in parallel.

2. The novel pulse charging repair all-in-one machine according to claim 1, wherein: the negative electrode of the current-limiting capacitor C22 is connected with the negative electrode of the current-limiting capacitor C23.

3. The novel pulse charging repair all-in-one machine according to claim 1, wherein: the CPU controller collects the voltage of the rechargeable battery in real time, when the voltage of the battery reaches a certain threshold value, the CPU controller automatically starts timing, and when the timing time is reached, the charging is automatically stopped, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged.