CN109718490A - A kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire - Google Patents
A kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of foamite amount screening techniques of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire, including battery fire foamite amount to determine method and protection zone foamite amount predictor method.Battery fire foamite amount determines that method is to put out battery fire by testing to obtain and battery surface temperature after fire extinguishing is made to reach the amount of extinguishing chemical needed for the unit volume space of preferred temperature.Protection zone foamite amount predictor method is entire protection zone foamite amount of being extrapolated by battery fire foamite amount.Battery fire foamite amount determines that method includes single battery fire fighting test, and data fitting, extinguishing chemical it is expected that dosage determines, single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amount determines.The present invention can be selected by testing sieve put out battery fire in certain space volume and battery surface temperature made to reach desired value needed for foamite amount, and then to provide reference using the design for fire protection in the new-energy automobile of lithium ion battery energy storage system and electrochemical energy storage power station.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to security technology areas, are related to fire-fighting system, in particular to a kind of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire
Foamite amount screening technique.
Background technique
In recent years, it with the appearance of the environmental problems such as greenhouse effects, haze and gets worse, it is lithium ion battery, all solid state
The novel energy-storings such as battery equipment is increasingly used in new-energy automobile, smart grid etc..In numerous novel energy-storing equipment
In, the technology of lithium ion battery is more mature, and the good characteristics such as its energy density is high, has extended cycle life is relied on to become novel storage
Main product in energy equipment.However, lithium ion battery is in unit cost, cycle life still has more need in terms of security performance
The space to be promoted.Wherein, the safety problem of lithium ion battery is particularly troublesome.Due to the special nature of lithium ion battery, work as lithium
When ion battery is under abuse conditions, chain reaction, internal temperature of battery rapid increase, lithium ion battery occur for inside battery
Thermal runaway easily occurs, and then develops into serious fire explosion.Easily cause fire for lithium ion battery thermal runaway
The characteristics of, existing many tissues have carried out systematic Study to lithium ion battery fire-fighting technique.Existing research shows that partial consolidates
Lithium ion battery can be effectively suppressed in body, liquids and gases extinguishing chemical.Solid extinguishing agent mainly includes that dry powder, ultra-fine dry powder are gentle
Colloidal sol etc.；Liquid extinguisher mainly includes water (containing additive), fire foam, novel alkyl halide and MJPZ extinguishing chemical etc.；
Gas extinguishing agent mainly includes carbon dioxide and heptafluoro-propane etc..And due to novel alkyl halide and gas extinguishing agent it is easy to clean,
Environmental effect is low and easy to carry, and gas extinguishing agent is paid more and more attention in lithium ion battery fire extinguishing, therefore the present invention is main
For gas extinguishing agent and novel halon extinguishing agent.
Currently, unified fire extinguishing scheme and foamite amount have not yet been formed in industry for fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire
Screening technique.There are still biggish insufficient and defects for existing lithium ion battery fire suppression technology: (1) can not estimate certain space
Foamite amount volume puts out monomer lithium ion battery fire again needed for.(2) it is difficult to solve answering after lithium ion battery is put out a fire
Combustion problem.(3) lack scientific and reasonable extinguishing chemical screening technique, can not be extrapolated according to small scale lithium ion battery fire fighting test big
The foamite amount of scale lithium ion battery energy storage system.(4) current extinguishing chemical screening technique is mostly just for certain battery
Or certain class extinguishing chemical, do not have universality.
The invention proposes a kind of foamite amount screening technique for putting out lithium-ion electric Pool fire, this screening technique is based on
Lithium ion battery fire fighting test is fitted with data, it is more scientific compared with the mode of theoretical calculation with it is accurate.This method can be according to lithium
Ion battery material system and the spatial volume locating for it determine that the extinguishing chemical needed for protection lithium ion battery energy storage system is used
Amount, and then reference is provided for lithium ion battery energy storage device Fire Control System Design, more efficiently protection lithium ion battery energy storage is set
It is standby.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to be selected suitably according to lithium-ion electric pool count, material system and battery pack gross energy
Foamite amount is provided in the installation of energy storage device for extinguishing chemical and is referred to and reference, more efficiently protection lithium ion battery energy storage
Equipment.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire, be
The design for fire protection of lithium ion battery energy storage device provides reference, ensures the safe operation of lithium ion battery energy storage device.By more
Secondary experiment is fitted with data, and finds the recommendation foamite amount of particular battery, and is extrapolated with this and obtained entire lithium ion battery system
The foamite amount of system, the design for fire protection for lithium ion battery energy storage device provide reference, keep fire-fighting system highly efficient
Protect lithium ion battery energy storage device.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: a kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire, packet
Include following steps:
Step 1: battery fire foamite amount determines method:
Battery fire foamite amount determines that method is to obtain to put out battery fire and make battery surface temperature by experiment
Foamite amount needed for reaching desired value.Battery fire foamite amount determines that method includes single battery fire fighting test, number
According to fitting, extinguishing chemical it is expected that dosage determines, single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amount determines, battery pack fire fighting test, battery
Group fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient calculates and unit volume battery fire foamite amount calculates；Data are fitted the number used
According to be battery peak temperature and fire extinguishing agent dose；Extinguishing chemical it is expected that dosage can be determined according to data matched curve；Single battery goes out
The determination of fiery extinguishing chemical theoretical amount should it is expected that dosage determines according to the extinguishing chemical of multiple battery surfaces；Battery pack fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical
Dosage penalty coefficient can be to be obtained by battery pack fire fighting test and single battery fire fighting test comparing calculation；
Step 2: protection zone foamite amount predictor method:
Protection zone foamite amount predictor method is to be extrapolated by battery fire foamite amount and protection zone spatial volume
Calculate the extinguishing chemical total amount that protection zone should use.
This screening technique mainly includes that battery fire foamite amount determines method and the protection zone foamite amount side of estimating
Method.Battery fire foamite amount determines that method battery fire foamite amount determines that method includes single battery fire fighting test,
Data fitting, extinguishing chemical it is expected that dosage determines, single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amount determines, battery pack fire fighting test, electricity
Group fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient in pond calculates and unit volume battery fire foamite amount calculates.Protection zone extinguishing chemical is used
Amount predictor method is to calculate the fire extinguishing that protection zone should use by battery fire foamite amount and the extrapolation of protection zone spatial volume
Agent total amount.
Wherein, single battery and experimental provision used by battery pack fire fighting test mainly include experiment module cavity, heat
Trigger device out of control, temperature collecting device, thermocouple, extinguishing device.
Wherein, experiment module cavity makes 1:1 production according to the actual size for the battery module that need to screen dosage；In order to increase
Strong cavity intensity, the steel that cavity uses with a thickness of 6mm；Cavity wall bursts at the seams hole with the fixed long hole of fire trace tube, and fire trace tube fixes length
Hole can adjust fire trace tube away from battery distance, adjustable distance 4-10cm according to experiment demand；The long side wall of experiment module cavity is set
Observation window is set, whether re-ignition occurs for battery in observation experiment；The top setting radius of experiment module cavity is 12.5 to let out
Circular hole is pressed, prevents experiment module cavity internal pressure excessively high.
Wherein, heating or the mode overcharged can be used to trigger for battery thermal runaway in experiment.Thermal runaway is triggered with heating method
When, use the high-power thin slice heater with battery equidimension；When triggering thermal runaway in a manner of overcharging, the charging current that uses
For the maximum charging current for being tested battery.
Further, in order to make the selection result there are certain safe clearance, the battery that the experimental stage uses is thermal runaway
The battery of the highest state-of-charge 100% of risk afterwards.
Further, in experiment, in order to make battery with compact arranged state in actual conditions more closely, using steel
Clamping plate clamps battery and heating sheet.
Wherein, temperature measurement preferably uses the K-type thermocouple of diameter 0.5mm-1.0mm；Data acquisition equipment should be able to be supervised continuously
It surveys, record test procedure parameter, the sampling period is not more than 1s.
Wherein, extinguishing device mainly includes extinguishing chemical storage tank, firing-fighting medium, solenoid valve, fire trace tube, control cabinet etc..Fire extinguishing
Device can automatic trigger, can also be manually opened.
Further, fire extinguishing storage tank is steel, and pressure resistance is 10MPa；Firing-fighting medium be gas or liquid fire extinguishing medium, such as
Heptafluoro-propane, perfluor hexanone and water etc.；Fire trace tube is connected with solenoid valve, and solenoid valve maintains a normally open state when release automatically, manually
Opened manually solenoid valve when release；Programmable logic device, A.C. contactor, electromagnetic relay are integrated in control cabinet
Deng.
Further, the driving gas of firing-fighting medium is nitrogen or argon gas；It can be according to application scenarios and firing-fighting medium type
Change the pressure filled in fire extinguishing storage tank.
Further, the melt fracture temperature of fire trace tube is 120-180 DEG C.
Further, the mass gradient of extinguishing chemical is preferably selected as 0.2-0.5kg, and mass gradient is smaller, and experimental result is more accurate.
Further, for the accuracy of experimental result, every kind of working condition experimenting should be repeated 1-3 times.
Wherein, data fitting refers to quasi- using battery temperature data and fire extinguishing agent dose progress second order or three rank multinomials
It closes.
Further, the battery temperature data generally selected is the long surface of battery, battery bottom surface institute energy after extinguishing chemical release
The peak temperature reached.But temperature data is not limited to long surface and bottom surface, if having temperature requirements to other surfaces, can also adopt
It is analyzed simultaneously after collection peak temperature.
Further, for novel halogenated hydrocarbons, such as heptafluoro-propane and perfluor hexanone firing-fighting medium, it is multinomial that three ranks can be used
Formula fitting；Second order polynomial fit can be used for firing-fighting mediums such as water.
Wherein, extinguishing chemical expectation dosage is determined as in the peak temperature-foamite amount matched curve on multiple surfaces, leads to
It crosses ideal battery peak temperature (value of y-axis) and chooses corresponding foamite amount (value of x-axis).In the method, extinguishing chemical
It is expected that dosage is denoted as Rexp。
Wherein, single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amount, which determines, refers to according to the extinguishing chemical of multiple battery surfaces expectation use
Amount chooses maximum value therein and is determined as working as the single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amount of class battery.In this method, monomer electricity
The theoretical amount of Pool fire extinguishing chemical is denoted as Rsin。
Wherein, since battery pack foamite amount and single battery foamite amount are there may be difference, this part is calculated
One extinguishing chemical penalty coefficient of middle setting, is denoted as δ, by the result of battery pack fire fighting test and the knot of single battery fire fighting test
Fruit comparing calculation obtains.
Wherein, the extinguishing chemical original amounts of battery pack fire fighting test used are bigger than normal, recommend 1.5-2.0kg.
Wherein, in battery pack fire fighting test, in addition to number of battery cells, other all external conditions should put out a fire real with single battery
It tests and is consistent.
Wherein, it if the battery temperature that battery pack fire fighting test obtains is greater than any point in matched curve, increases
Foamite amount (is recommended to increase foamite amount by gradient of 0.5kg) herein, is tested again.
Wherein, in order to save cost, battery pack used herein is the compact battery group of 2-3 batteries composition.It can also make
It is tested with master die group, such result is closer to actual conditions.
Protection zone foamite amount predictor method is to be extrapolated by battery fire foamite amount and protection zone spatial volume
Entire protection zone foamite amount.
Wherein, extrapolation calculates and refers to: as shown in following formula (1), determining what method obtained according to battery fire foamite amount
Fire-fighting dose required for unit volume battery fire is denoted as R in this methodef.Further, according to energy storage device battery system
The total volume in locating space, the total amount for the extinguishing chemical that the entire battery system of can extrapolating needs are denoted as D in this screening technique.
D=Ref×V(1)
D: extinguishing chemical total amount (kg) needed for postponing lithium ion battery energy storage system outside；
Ref: put out the amount (kg/m of extinguishing chemical required for unit volume battery fire3)；
V: the total volume (m in space locating for the lithium-ion battery systems of protection zone3)；
The present invention has the advantages that the concept of quantification is introduced the choosing of battery foamite amount for the first time by 1, this screening technique
It selects, the total volume in this screening technique space according to locating for battery system determines the dosage of firing-fighting medium, guarantor that can be highly efficient
Protect lithium ion battery energy storage device.2, this screening technique is suitable for the lithium ion battery of different systems.3, this screening technique passes through
The mode of experimental binding data analysis screens foamite amount, and process is simple, and the selection result is more accurate.4, this screening technique
Suitable for multiple gases and liquid fire extinguishing medium, such as water (containing additive), heptafluoro-propane and perfluor hexanone.5, for not androgynous
It is, the battery of size that this method still has universality, this screening technique has the possibility in industry promoted and applied on a large scale.
6, this method considers the foamite amount penalty coefficient between single battery and battery pack fire extinguishing, and the selection result is more acurrate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is fire fighting test experiment module cavity schematic diagram, wherein 1 is lithium ion single battery, and 2 be high-power thin
Piece heater, 3 be heat insulating board, and 4 be constraint clamping plate, and 5 be fire trace tube, and 6 be observation window, and 7 be the fixed long hole of fire trace tube, and 8 are
String holes, 9 be experiment battery cavity block body.
Fig. 2 is fire fighting test experimental provision schematic diagram, wherein 1 is lithium ion single battery, and 5 be fire trace tube, and 7 be fire
Inserting tube fixes long hole, and 8 be string holes, and 9 be experiment battery cavity block body, and 10 be balance, and 11 be bracket, and 12 be solenoid valve, and 13 are
Extinguishing chemical storage tank, 14 be fire trace tube plug, and 15 be communication line, and 16 be electric cabinet, and 17 be operation touch screen.
Fig. 3 is the thermocouple layout drawing of single battery fire fighting test under heating cycle, wherein Fig. 3 (a) is top view, Fig. 3
It (b) is sectional view.Wherein, 18 be thermocouple, and T1 is thermocouple measuring point one, and T2 is thermocouple measuring point two, and T3 is thermocouple measuring point
Three, T4 are thermocouple measuring point four, and T5 is thermocouple measuring point five.Wherein, 1 is lithium ion single battery, and 2 heat for high-power thin slice
Device, 3 be heat insulating board, and 4 be constraint clamping plate.
Fig. 4 is the thermocouple layout drawing of battery pack fire fighting test under heating cycle, wherein T1 is thermocouple measuring point one, T2
For thermocouple measuring point two.Wherein, 1 and 1 ' is lithium ion single battery, and 1 ' calculates foamite amount compensation to obtain battery temperature
The battery 2 of coefficient is high-power thin slice heater, and 3 be heat insulating board, and 4 be constraint clamping plate.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of experiment screening and calculated result extrapolation process.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The foamite amount screening technique of this fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire specifically includes that battery fire foamite amount is true
Determine method and protection zone foamite amount predictor method.Battery fire foamite amount determines that method includes that single battery fire extinguishing is real
It tests, data fitting, extinguishing chemical it is expected that dosage determines, single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amount determines, battery pack fire fighting test,
Battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient calculates and the calculating of unit volume battery fire foamite amount.
The experimental provision that fire fighting test uses mainly includes experiment module cavity, thermal runaway trigger device, temperature acquisition dress
It sets, thermocouple, extinguishing device.Wherein, in order to increase the reliable and practicability of experiment, experiment module cavity and battery module grade ratio
Production, mainly includes heat insulating board 3, constrains clamping plate 4, observation window 6, the fixed long hole 7 of fire trace tube, string holes 8 etc..Thermal runaway touching
Transmitting apparatus is mainly high-power thin slice heater 2 and charge and discharge cycles instrument, wherein to keep trigger condition more true, using adding
When heat triggering thermal runaway, the peak temperature of high-power heating sheet should be no less than tested battery thermal runaway peak temperature ± 50 DEG C；
When causing thermal runaway to overcharge, charging current should use the maximum charging current of tested battery.Extinguishing device can trigger manually
Can also automatic trigger discharge extinguishing chemical, mainly include fire trace tube 5, solenoid valve 12, extinguishing chemical storage tank 13, communication line 15, electricity
Control case 16, operation touch screen 17 etc..
Main implementation process of the invention is as follows:
Before single battery fire fighting test, temperature point is arranged in the way of Fig. 3, wherein the long surface of lithium ion single battery 1
Using thermocouple 18 arrange three measuring points, be two T2 of thermocouple measuring point, three T3 of thermocouple measuring point, four T4 of thermocouple measuring point, lithium from
One measuring point of sub- 1 sole arrangement of single battery is five T5 of thermocouple measuring point.Lithium ion single battery 1 and high-power thin slice are heated
Device 2 is adjacent to, and monitors its temperature change in one measuring point of high-power 2 surface layout of thin slice heater, is one T1 of thermocouple measuring point.It is real
In testing, in order to simulated battery in battery module compact arranged scene, battery and heating sheet are clamped using constraint clamping plate 4,
Wherein, in order to reduce the influence that constraint clamping plate conducts heat to experiment, heat insulating board 3 is placed in battery and about interfascicular.After clamping
Structure be put into experiment battery cavity block body 9, before experiment, fire trace tube can be changed at the fixed long hole 7 of fire trace tube away from battery
Temperature to change extinguishing chemical liberation port away from battery temperature, and then meets the needs of different application scene.After experiment starts, beat
Heating plate is opened, record temperature is started simultaneously at.
After thermal runaway occurs for lithium ion single battery 1, safety valve is opened, release exit flow fire and High Temperature Gas inside battery 1
Body, at this point, 5 melted by heating of fire trace tube ruptures, work of the pre-filled extinguishing chemical in high-pressure inert gas in extinguishing chemical storage tank 13
It is released under from breach.Under the conditions of heating means trigger thermal runaway, in order to reduce the heat of heater to experimental result
Influence, battery safety valve open when close heater.After experiment, our available one T1- thermoelectricity of thermocouple measuring point
The temperature data of even five five measuring points of T5 of measuring point, wherein setting one T1 of thermocouple measuring point guarantees that heating plate has normal heat input,
It takes the average value of two T2- thermocouple measuring point of thermocouple measuring point, four T4 temperature as the long surface temperature of battery, takes thermocouple measuring point five
Temperature of the T5 as battery bottom surface.
Using 0.1-0.5kg as extinguishing chemical mass gradient, the extinguishing chemical of different quality is chosen, repeats above-mentioned experiment.
The fire fighting test of battery pack can copy single battery fire fighting test to carry out, it is noted that, if it is considered that cost, it can
The low-cost die group formed using 3-4 batteries, such as makes result more accurate, and the master die group of battery can be used to be tested.
As shown in figure 5, the step of screening protection zone foamite amount are as follows: (1) carry out various dose in module cavity and go out
The single battery fire fighting test of fiery agent (pressing mass gradient).(2) temperature data of each group experimental cell different surfaces is extracted.(3)
Draw long surface temperature and bottom surface the temperature versus time curve before and after extinguishing chemical release of battery.(4) it is sought from curve
The surface peak temperature of corresponding battery after different quality extinguishing chemical discharges is found, with extinguishing chemical quality, battery surface peak value temperature
Degree is that data point carries out data fitting.(5) according to the fitting of multiple battery surface peak temperature data as a result, and combining to fire extinguishing
The preferred temperature on each surface of battery afterwards finds the extinguishing chemical expectation dosage R on each surfaceexp1、Rexp2…….(6) more same electricity
The expectation dosage of pond different surfaces filters out maximum value and is determined as single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amount, is denoted as Rsin。(7)
The fire fighting test of battery pack is carried out with the extinguishing chemical of certain mass.(8) each table that the battery of heating sheet is closed in experiment is extracted
The temperature data in face.(9) the long surface temperature and bottom surface temperature for drawing battery change with time song before and after extinguishing chemical release
Line.(10) the peak temperature T of the long surface of battery and bottom surface is foundmod1、Tmod2, the matched curve that is taken in step (4)
In, and obtain long surface this temperature (Tmod1) under extinguishing chemical theoretical amount after corresponding fitting, be denoted as Rmod1And this temperature of bottom surface
(Tmod2) under extinguishing chemical theoretical amount after corresponding fitting, be denoted as Rmod2.(12) it is put out a fire according to used in battery pack fire fighting test
Agent actual amount RmodWith the theoretical amount R obtained in matched curvemod1、Rmod2Each surface in battery pack fire extinguishing is calculated separately to go out
Fiery agent dosage penalty coefficient δ1, δ2... (13) choose maximum value from all penalty coefficients in order to which there are certain safe clearances
As battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient, it is denoted as δ.(14) according to single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amount, electricity
Chamber volume locating for the fire fighting test of pond and battery pack are put out a fire foamite amount penalty coefficient, required for unit of account volume battery
Foamite amount Ref.(15) the total volume extrapolation in the space according to locating for lithium-ion battery systems calculates protection zone lithium ion battery
Extinguishing chemical total amount required for system.
Case study on implementation one:
This example only carries out qualitative analysis, in order to reader's understanding, does not do quantitative calculating.
The fire fighting test of different quality extinguishing chemical is carried out with the extinguishing chemical mass gradient of 0.5kg, every group of experiment is repeated once.
After experiment, the long surface of battery, bottom surface peak temperature are fitted with foamite amount respectively, obtain the long surface peak of battery
It is worth temperature-foamite amount matched curve and battery bottom surface peak temperature-foamite amount matched curve.
By the temperature desired values on the long surface and bottom surface of battery after being discharged to extinguishing chemical, in the long surface peak temperature-of battery
It is searched out respectively in foamite amount matched curve and battery bottom surface peak temperature-foamite amount matched curve to single battery
The extinguishing chemical expectation dosage on long surface and the extinguishing chemical of bottom surface it is expected dosage, are denoted as R respectivelyexp1And Rexp2。
As shown in following formula (2), is required to guarantee that the temperature on each surface meets expectation, biggish use is selected from the two
Amount is denoted as R as single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amountsin。
Rsin={ Rexp1,Rexp2}max(2)
Rsin: single battery puts out a fire extinguishing chemical theoretical amount (kg)；
Rexp1: long surface extinguishing chemical it is expected dosage (kg)；
Rexp2: bottom surface extinguishing chemical it is expected dosage (kg)；
{}max: choose max function；
In order to make the result of screening more be of practical significance and the true property without misalignment during extrapolation, introduced in this method
Battery pack is put out a fire foamite amount penalty coefficient.The fire fighting test of Li-ion batteries piles is carried out with the extinguishing chemical of certain mass,
Extract the temperature data that the different surfaces of battery 1 ' of heating sheet are closed in experiment.Find the peak on the long surface and bottom surface of battery at this time
It is worth temperature, is denoted as T respectivelymod1、Tmod2.By Tmod1、Tmod2Bring the long surface peak obtained by single battery fire fighting test into respectively
It is worth in temperature-foamite amount matched curve and battery bottom surface peak temperature-foamite amount matched curve, obtains matched curve
Middle long surface is in this peak temperature (Tmod1) under corresponding battery pack extinguishing chemical theoretical amount (Rmod1) and bottom surface this temperature (Tmod2)
Under corresponding battery pack extinguishing chemical theoretical amount (Rmod2)。
Then, as shown in following formula (3), by battery pack put out a fire used in extinguishing chemical actual amount RmodIn matched curve
The theoretical amount R obtainedmod1、Rmod2Ratio is sought respectively, obtains the penalty coefficient of each surface foamite amount.In order to which there are peaces
Full surplus chooses penalty coefficient of the maximum value as battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount as shown in following formula (4).
δn=Rmod/Rmodn(3)
δn: for the battery pack foamite amount penalty coefficient of different surfaces, wherein n=1,2 ...；Wherein, when n=1
Indicate long surface, when n=2 indicates bottom surface.
Rmod: extinguishing chemical actual amount (kg) in battery pack fire fighting test；
Rmodn: the battery pack fire extinguishing theoretical amount obtained from single battery fire fighting test matched curve, wherein n=1,
2……；Wherein, long surface is indicated when n=1, when n=2 indicates bottom surface.
δ={ δ1,δ2……δn}max(4)
δ: battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient.
δ1: battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient, the result based on long surface operation.
δ2: battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient, the result based on bottom surface operation.
δn: battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient, the operation result based on other surfaces.This part generally only takes
The selection result on long surface and bottom surface.
{}max: choose max function；
Such as following formula (5), pass through single battery fire extinguishing extinguishing chemical theoretical amount Rsin, chamber locating for battery fire fighting test body
Product VtestAnd battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient δ, it can be calculated needed for putting out unit volume battery fire
The amount R for the extinguishing chemical wantedef。
Ref=δ × Rsin/Vtest(5)
Ref: put out the amount (kg/m of extinguishing chemical required for unit volume battery fire3)；
Rsin: single battery puts out a fire extinguishing chemical theoretical amount (kg)；
δ: battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount penalty coefficient；
Vtest: the volume (m of chamber locating for battery fire fighting test3)；
Finally, as shown in following formula (1), required for further being extrapolated according to the total volume of lithium-ion battery systems protection zone
The total amount of extinguishing chemical.
D=Ref×V(1)
D: extinguishing chemical total amount (kg) needed for postponing lithium ion battery energy storage system outside；
Ref: put out the amount (kg/m of extinguishing chemical required for unit volume battery fire3)；
V: the total volume (m in space locating for the lithium-ion battery systems of protection zone3)；
Present embodiment does not limit its protection scope, the technology of this field only to exemplary illustration of the invention
Some improvements and modifications that personnel are made without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1: battery fire foamite amount determines method:
Battery fire foamite amount determines that method is to obtain to put out battery fire and reach battery surface temperature by experiment
Foamite amount needed for desired value；Battery fire foamite amount determines that method includes single battery fire fighting test, and data are quasi-
It closes, extinguishing chemical it is expected that dosage determines, single battery is put out a fire, and extinguishing chemical theoretical amount is determining, and battery pack fire fighting test, battery pack is gone out
Fiery foamite amount penalty coefficient calculates and unit volume battery fire foamite amount calculates；Data are fitted the data used
Battery peak temperature and fire extinguishing agent dose；Extinguishing chemical it is expected that dosage can be determined according to data matched curve；Single battery goes out
The determination of fiery agent theoretical amount should it is expected that dosage determines according to the extinguishing chemical of multiple battery surfaces；Battery pack fire extinguishing foamite amount
Penalty coefficient can be to be obtained by battery pack fire fighting test and single battery fire fighting test comparing calculation；
Step 2: protection zone foamite amount predictor method:
Protection zone foamite amount predictor method is to be calculated by battery fire foamite amount and the extrapolation of protection zone spatial volume
The extinguishing chemical total amount that protection zone should use.
2. a kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Experimental provision used by single battery fire fighting test mainly includes experiment module cavity, thermal runaway trigger device, data acquisition
Device, thermocouple, extinguishing device；Experiment module cavity is made according to the actual size for the battery module that need to screen dosage by 1:1；
Thermal runaway trigger device is the high-power thin slice heater with battery equidimension；Extinguishing device can manually or automatically discharge fire extinguishing
Agent.
3. a kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Used experimental provision altitude simulation lithium battery real work situation；In order to keep the environment similar with battery pack, test
Module cavity should in test keep relatively closed, in addition to string holes, should reserve certain observation window, can observe fire extinguishing procedure
Whether middle battery open fire is extinguished by extinguishing chemical；The glass of observation window should use high-strength corrosion-resistant steel glass, prevent battery
The shock wave breaking test equipment that thermal runaway generates.
4. a kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
When carrying out fire fighting test, to make thermal runaway trigger condition closer to actual conditions, using high-power thin with battery equidimension
Piece heater triggers battery thermal runaway；In an experiment, to keep trigger condition more true, the peak temperature of high-power heating sheet is answered
Within the scope of tested battery thermal runaway peak temperature ± 50 DEG C.
5. a kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The battery temperature data acquired in fire fighting test is the temperature of battery different surfaces, for rectangular lithium ion battery, temperature acquisition
Position is mainly bottom surface, long side surface and the short sides of battery surface, and for soft bag lithium ionic cell, temperature acquisition position is mainly
Long side surface.
6. a kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The peak temperature of battery surface will be directly related to the propagation of the thermal runaway of adjacent cell, and the peak temperature of battery can be directly anti-
The inhibitory effect of extinguishing chemical is mirrored, therefore, the data that data fitting uses are that the peak temperature of battery surface goes out with time experiment is worked as
The dosage of fiery agent.
7. a kind of foamite amount screening technique of fighting lithium-ion electric Pool fire as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In this method, data fitting temperature data used derives from battery different characteristic surface, such as the bottom surface and long side of hard shell battery
Face, the long side surface of soft-package battery；This method will be fitted the data matched curve for obtaining multiple battery surfaces by data, and according to
Different demands find the extinguishing chemical expectation dosage on each surface in the matched curve of each battery surface, and by further
Compare the extinguishing chemical theoretical amount for determining certain class battery.
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| WO2022094013A1 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-05 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Thermal protection of lithium ion batteries |
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