CN109714881B - A rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rubidium-cesium double-atom beam source device. A rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder and a cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder are arranged to generate rubidium atoms and cesium atoms respectively, and the rubidium atoms and cesium atoms enter through a rubidium atom channel and a cesium atom channel respectively The high collimator of the same metal atom beam makes the traveling paths of rubidium atoms and cesium atoms overlap precisely, which provides a prerequisite for the interaction of rubidium atom-microwave and cesium atom-microwave at the same position, and improves the precision of precise measurement. It is also beneficial to the development of rubidium-cesium diatomic clocks.

Description

A rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of atomic beams, in particular to a rubidium-cesium double-atom beam source device.

Background technique

Atomic beams provide a collision-free interaction environment for atoms and electromagnetic fields, making them of great application value in both fundamental physics and engineering. Therefore, the development of an atomic beam device with controllable beam direction and speed, collision-free and stable intensity has always been one of the important topics in the field of atomic physics and quantum precision measurement. As we all know, single-atom beam generators (often referred to as atomic beam furnaces) have been extensively studied by scientists, the most famous being the beam source (or “cesium furnace”) that has been successfully used in cesium beam atomic clocks , The cesium furnace provides a high-quality collision-free atomic beam for the interaction between cesium atoms, microwaves and lasers, so that the cesium beam atomic clock has significantly better accuracy and stability than traditional gas-chamber atomic clocks, especially in long-term stability. The advantage is obvious. At present, the commercial beam-type atomic clocks in the world are mainly the HP 5071A hot cesium beam atomic clock developed by the former Hewlett-Packard Company in the United States.

The beam-type atomic clock can provide a very high level of standard time and frequency signal output, so it has a basic role in satellite navigation and positioning, power network synchronization and 5G communication base station construction. Other major scientific research countries in the world, such as China, France, Japan, etc. They are also working on the research and development of beam-type atomic clocks. Under this background, it is very necessary and urgent to carry out the innovative development of atomic beam generator, one of the core components of atomic clock.

As mentioned above, the single-atom beam generation device has been developed for many years, but the related institutions are still improving and bringing forth new ones. On this basis, there has been an international upsurge in the research of diatomic systems in recent years. Compared with single-atom interaction systems, diatomic systems provide an ideal platform with great potential for precision measurement physics. For example, it has been reported that through the high-precision measurement of the transition frequency ratio of rubidium atoms and cesium atoms, Einstein's equivalence principle and changes in basic physical constants can be tested. In this comparative measurement experiment, the consistency of the environments of the two atoms of rubidium and cesium is guaranteed, which can significantly reduce the measurement uncertainty caused by the environment.

Existing dual-mode microwave cavities for rubidium-cesium diatomic transitions provide the same atom-microwave interaction region for rubidium atomic beams and cesium atoms. However, in order to ensure that the two atoms of rubidium and cesium interact with the microwave field precisely and identically, and to improve the level of precision measurement, it is also required to have a dual beam that can generate two kinds of rubidium and cesium atoms and ensure that the travel paths of the two atomic beams are exactly the same. Atomic beam source generator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device, which achieves the technical effect that the travel paths of rubidium atoms and cesium via atoms are precisely overlapped.

For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

A rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device, the device comprises a diatomic beam source device, a metal atomic beam high collimator, a rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder and a cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder, the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder is used for generating A rubidium atomic beam, the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder is used to generate a cesium atom beam, the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder is connected with the rubidium atom channel of the double atomic beam source device, and the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder is connected with the double atomic beam source device. The cesium atomic channel of the atomic beam source device is connected, and the rubidium atomic beam and the cesium atomic beam enter the metal atomic beam located inside the dual atomic beam source device through the rubidium atomic channel and the cesium atomic channel respectively The high collimator is ejected through the collimation channel of the metal atom beam high collimator to form a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam.

Optionally, the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder includes a rubidium atomic bubble and a rubidium vapor balance chamber, the rubidium atomic bubble and the rubidium vapor balance chamber are located inside the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder, and the rubidium atomic bubble is arranged in the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder. The breakdown end of the rubidium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, the rubidium vapor balance chamber is arranged at the exit end of the rubidium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, and after the rubidium atoms stored in the rubidium atom bubble are broken down, heated to form The rubidium atomic vapor enters the rubidium vapor equilibrium chamber to form a saturated rubidium atomic vapor pressure, and enters the metal atom beam high collimator through the rubidium atomic channel.

Optionally, the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder further includes a first dense sponge nickel cylinder and a rubidium atomic bubble heating device, the first dense sponge nickel cylinder is closely attached to the inner wall of the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder, and is In order to adsorb the broken down rubidium atoms, the rubidium atomic bubble heating device is wound on the outside of the rubidium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, and is used for the independent heating and temperature control of the rubidium atomic bubble.

Optionally, a first compression spring is provided on the outside of the rubidium vapor balance chamber, which applies pressure to the rubidium atomic bubble, so as to make the rubidium atomic bubble and the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed at the breakdown end of the rubidium atomic bubble. The atomic bubbles break down the electrodes in close contact.

Optionally, the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder includes a cesium atomic bubble and a cesium vapor balance chamber, the cesium atomic bubble and the cesium vapor balance chamber are located inside the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder, and the cesium atomic bubble is arranged in the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder. The breakdown end of the cesium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, the cesium vapor balance chamber is arranged at the exit end of the cesium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, and after the cesium atoms stored in the cesium atom bubble are broken down, heated to form The cesium atom vapor enters the cesium vapor equilibrium chamber to form a cesium atom saturated vapor pressure, and enters the metal atom beam high collimator through the cesium atom channel.

Optionally, the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder further includes a second dense sponge nickel cylinder and a cesium atomic bubble heating device, the second dense sponge nickel cylinder is closely attached to the inner wall of the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder for adsorption. The broken down cesium atom, the cesium atom bubble heating device is wound on the outside of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder, and is used for the separate heating and temperature control of the cesium atom bubble.

Optionally, a second compression spring is set on the outer side of the cesium vapor balance chamber to apply pressure to the cesium atomic bubble, so as to make the cesium atomic bubble and the breakdown end of the cesium atomic vacuum sealing tube set. Cesium atomic bubbles break down the electrodes in close contact.

Optionally, the metal atom beam high collimator includes a plurality of flat sheets, a plurality of corrugated sheets, and a pressing block, and the flat sheets and the corrugated sheets are sequentially arranged between the two flat sheets, so that all the The flat sheet and the wave sheet are stacked and assembled at intervals, and the assembled flat sheet and the wave sheet are extruded into a whole by the extrusion process to form the collimation channel.

Optionally, the dual-atom beam source device includes two installation holes for installing a heating tube that keeps the metal atom beam high collimator warm.

Optionally, the dual-atom beam source device further includes a positioning hole and a positioning pin, and the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole for precisely aligning the dual-atom beam source device and the metal atomic beam high collimator. assembly.

According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: the present invention sets a rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder and a cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder to generate rubidium atoms and cesium atoms respectively, and the rubidium atoms and cesium atoms pass through the rubidium atomic channel respectively It enters the same metal atom beam high collimator after passing through the channel with cesium atoms, so that the travel paths of rubidium atoms and cesium passing atoms are precisely overlapped, which provides a prerequisite for the interaction of rubidium atom-microwave and cesium atom-microwave at the same position, and improves the The precision of precise measurement is also beneficial to the development of rubidium-cesium diatomic clocks.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal atom beam high collimator provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device to achieve the technical effect of accurately overlapping the travel paths of rubidium atoms and cesium via atoms.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example

As shown in Figure 1, the rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device includes a diatomic beam source device 1, a metal atomic beam high collimator 3, a rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 and a cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 18, and a rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11. The rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 is used to generate a rubidium atomic beam, the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 18 is used to generate a cesium atomic beam, and the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 is connected with the rubidium atomic channel 5 of the dual atomic beam source device 1, and the cesium atomic The vacuum sealed cylinder 18 is connected with the cesium atomic channel 6 of the dual atomic beam source device 1, and the rubidium atomic beam and the cesium atomic beam enter the metal atomic beam height inside the dual atomic beam source device 1 through the rubidium atomic channel 5 and the cesium atomic channel 6 respectively. The collimator 3 is ejected through the collimation channel of the metal atomic beam high collimator to form a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam.

The two kinds of atoms of rubidium and cesium are emitted from their respective atomic bubbles and then enter the same metal atom beam high collimator 3 to be ejected, so that the travel paths of the rubidium atomic beam and the cesium atomic beam are precisely overlapped, which is the rubidium atom-microwave and the cesium atom-microwave at the same time. The interaction at the same position provides a prerequisite for improving the precision of precise measurement, and is also conducive to the development of rubidium-cesium diatomic clocks.

The rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder 11 includes a rubidium atomic bubble 9 and a rubidium vapor balance chamber 7, the rubidium atomic bubble 9 and the rubidium vapor balance chamber 7 are located inside the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder 11, and the rubidium atomic bubble 9 is arranged in the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder 11. At the breakdown end, the rubidium vapor balance chamber 7 is arranged at the exit end of the rubidium atom vacuum sealed cylinder 11. After the rubidium atoms stored in the rubidium atomic bubble 9 are broken down, they are heated to form rubidium atomic vapor, and enter the rubidium vapor balance chamber 7 to form rubidium atoms. The saturated vapor pressure enters the metal atom beam high collimator 3 through the rubidium atomic channel 5 .

The rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 also includes a first dense sponge nickel cylinder 10 and a rubidium atomic bubble heating device 13. The first dense sponge nickel cylinder 10 is closely attached to the inner wall of the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 for adsorption and breakdown. The rubidium atom, the rubidium atom bubble heating device 13 is wound on the outside of the rubidium atom vacuum sealed cylinder 11, and is used for the independent heating and temperature control of the rubidium atom bubble 9.

The first dense sponge nickel cylinder 10 is arranged close to the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11, on the one hand to prevent metal atoms from diffusing, and on the other hand to prevent rubidium atoms and cesium atoms from permeating each other during heating. The rubidium atomic bubble heating device 13 is tightly wound around the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder 11 and fixed by mechanical means. By precisely controlling the power of the rubidium atomic bubble heating device 13 , the temperature of the rubidium atomic bubble 9 can be controlled.

The outer side of the rubidium vapor balance chamber 7 is sleeved with a first compression spring 8, which exerts pressure on the rubidium atomic bubble 9, and is used to make the rubidium atomic bubble 9 and the rubidium atomic bubble arranged at the breakdown end of the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 to penetrate the electrode 12. Close contact.

The rubidium vapor balance chamber 7 is connected to the double-atom beam source device 1, and is also connected to the rubidium atomic bubble breakdown electrode 12, forming an overall structure from vacuum storage of metal atoms, breakdown to final atomic beam ejection.

After the first compression spring 8 is assembled, the elastic force of the compression on the rubidium atomic bubble 9 makes the breakdown cover of the rubidium atomic bubble 9 in close contact with the rubidium atomic bubble breakdown electrode 12 to prevent the breakdown failure caused by the loose contact.

The cesium atomic vacuum seal cylinder 18 includes a cesium atomic bubble 16 and a cesium vapor balance chamber 14 , the cesium atomic bubble 16 and the cesium vapor balance chamber 14 are located inside the cesium atomic vacuum sealable cylinder 18 , and the cesium atomic bubble 16 is arranged in the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder 18 . At the breakdown end, the cesium vapor balance chamber 14 is arranged at the exit end of the cesium atom vacuum sealed cylinder 18. After the cesium atoms stored in the cesium atomic bubble 16 are broken down, they are heated to form cesium atom vapor, and enter the cesium vapor balance chamber 14 to form cesium atoms. The saturated vapor pressure enters the metal atomic beam high collimator 3 through the cesium atomic channel 6 .

The cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 18 also includes a second dense sponge nickel cylinder 17 and a cesium atomic bubble heating device 19. The second dense sponge nickel cylinder 17 is closely attached to the inner wall of the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 for adsorbing the broken down cesium Atoms, the cesium atomic bubble heating device 19 is wound around the outside of the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder 11 , and is used for individual heating and temperature control of the cesium atomic bubbles 16 .

The second dense sponge nickel cylinder 17 is arranged close to the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 18, which prevents metal atoms from diffusing on the one hand, and prevents cesium atoms from interpenetrating with cesium atoms during heating on the other hand. The cesium atomic bubble heating device 19 is tightly wound on the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder 18 and fixed by mechanical means.

A second compression spring 15 is set on the outer side of the cesium vapor balance chamber 14 to exert pressure on the cesium atomic bubble 16, so as to make the cesium atomic bubble 16 and the cesium atomic bubble breakdown electrode provided at the breakdown end of the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 18 tightly close. 20 contacts.

The cesium vapor balance chamber 14 is connected to the double-atom beam source device 1, and also connected to the cesium atomic bubble breakdown electrode 20, forming an overall structure from vacuum storage of metal atoms, breakdown to final ejection of atomic beams.

After the second compression spring 15 is assembled, it compresses the elastic force of the cesium atomic bubble 16 so that the breakdown cover of the cesium atomic bubble 16 is in close contact with the cesium atomic bubble breakdown electrode 20, so as to prevent the breakdown failure caused by the loose contact.

The dual-atom beam source device 1 includes two installation holes 4 for installing a heating tube that keeps the metal atomic beam high-collimator 3 warm, and provides a heat source for the metal atomic beam high-collimator 3 .

The dual-atom beam source device 1 further includes a positioning hole and a positioning pin 2, and the positioning pin 2 is inserted into the positioning hole for precise assembly of the dual-atom beam source device 1 and the metal atomic beam high collimator 3.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the metal atom beam high collimator 3 includes 8 flat sheets 304 , 7 wave sheets 305 and pressing blocks 306 . The sheet 304 and the wave sheet 305 are assembled at intervals, and the pressing block 306 squeezes the assembled flat sheet 304 and the wave sheet 305 into a whole to form a collimating channel. When the saturated vapor pressure of metal atoms is high enough, they will enter the collimation channel from the initial collimation port 307, and after the secondary pressure of the collimation channel, they will be ejected at a certain speed at the final collimation port, forming a highly collimated and divergent angle. A beam of small metal atoms.

The material for making the flat sheet 304 and the corrugated sheet 305 is 316 stainless steel foil with a thickness of 0.02mm. The flat sheet 304 is made of a special precision single punching die. The wave sheet 305 is first made by a special precision single punching die. Slightly larger flat sheets are then extruded by reliable drawing dies.

The metal atom beam high collimator 3 further includes an oxygen-free copper limit piece 302 and a positioning pin 303 , and the oxygen-free copper limit piece 302 is precisely fixed on the metal atom beam high collimator 3 by the positioning pin 303 .

The principles and implementations of the present invention are described herein using specific examples. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the present invention There will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. In conclusion, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device, it is characterized in that, described device comprises diatomic beam source device, metal atomic beam high collimator, rubidium atom vacuum sealing tube and cesium atom vacuum sealing tube, described rubidium atom The vacuum sealing cylinder is used for generating a rubidium atom beam, the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder is used for generating a cesium atom beam, the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder is connected with the rubidium atom channel of the dual atom beam source device, and the cesium atom vacuum The sealing cylinder is connected to the cesium atom channel of the dual atomic beam source device, and the rubidium atom beam and the cesium atom beam enter the inside of the dual atom beam source device through the rubidium atom channel and the cesium atom channel respectively The metal atom beam high collimator is sprayed out through the collimation channel of the metal atom beam high collimator to form a rubidium cesium diatomic beam. 2 . The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 1 , wherein the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder comprises a rubidium atomic bubble and a rubidium vapor balance chamber, the rubidium atomic bubble and the rubidium vapor balance chamber. 3 . is located inside the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder, the rubidium atomic bubble is arranged at the breakdown end of the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder, the rubidium vapor balance chamber is arranged at the exit end of the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder, the After the rubidium atoms stored in the rubidium atomic bubble are broken down, they are heated to form rubidium atomic vapor, enter the rubidium vapor equilibrium chamber to form the rubidium atomic saturated vapor pressure, and enter the metal atom beam high collimator through the rubidium atomic channel. 3. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 2, wherein the rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder further comprises a first dense sponge nickel cylinder and a rubidium atomic bubble heating device. The sponge nickel cylinder is closely attached to the inner wall of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder for adsorbing the broken down rubidium atoms, and the rubidium atom bubble heating device is wound around the outside of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder and is used for the rubidium atom Individual heating and temperature control of the bubbles. 4 . The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 2 , wherein a first compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the rubidium vapor balance chamber to exert pressure on the rubidium atomic bubble, so as to make the rubidium atomic bubble. 5 . The rubidium atomic bubble is in close contact with the rubidium atomic bubble breakdown electrode provided at the breakdown end of the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder. 5 . The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 1 , wherein the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder comprises a cesium atomic bubble and a cesium vapor balance chamber, the cesium atomic bubble and the cesium vapor balance chamber. 6 . is located inside the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder, the cesium atomic bubble is arranged at the breakdown end of the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder, the cesium vapor balance chamber is arranged at the exit end of the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder, the After the cesium atoms stored in the cesium atomic bubble are broken down, they are heated to form cesium atomic vapor, enter the cesium vapor equilibrium chamber to form a cesium atomic saturated vapor pressure, and enter the metal atom beam high collimator through the cesium atomic channel. 6. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 5, wherein the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder further comprises a second dense sponge nickel cylinder and a cesium atomic bubble heating device, the second dense nickel sponge The cylinder is closely attached to the inner wall of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder for adsorbing the broken down cesium atoms, and the cesium atom bubble heating device is wound on the outside of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder, and is used for Individually heated and temperature controlled. 7 . The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 5 , wherein a second compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the cesium vapor balance chamber to apply pressure to the cesium atomic bubble, so as to make the The cesium atomic bubble is in close contact with the cesium atomic bubble breakdown electrode provided at the breakdown end of the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder. 8 . The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 1 , wherein the metal atom beam high collimator comprises a plurality of flat sheets, a plurality of wave sheets and extruded blocks, two of the flat sheets The flat sheet and the corrugated sheet are arranged in sequence between the sheets, so that the flat sheet and the corrugated sheet are stacked and assembled at intervals, and the pressing block squeezes the assembled flat sheet and the corrugated sheet into a whole to form the collimation channel. 9 . The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 1 , wherein the diatomic beam source device comprises two mounting holes for installing a heating device that keeps the metal atom beam high collimator warm. 10 . Tube. 10 . The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 1 , wherein the diatomic beam source device further comprises a positioning hole and a positioning pin, the positioning pin being inserted into the positioning hole for positioning the The dual atom beam source device and the metal atom beam high collimator are precisely assembled.

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