CN109714881B - Rubidium and cesium diatomic beam source device - Google Patents

Rubidium and cesium diatomic beam source device Download PDF

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CN109714881B
CN109714881B CN201811621195.6A CN201811621195A CN109714881B CN 109714881 B CN109714881 B CN 109714881B CN 201811621195 A CN201811621195 A CN 201811621195A CN 109714881 B CN109714881 B CN 109714881B
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rubidium
cesium
atom
atomic
bubble
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CN109714881A (en
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刘杰
孙富宇
马杰
李孝峰
李超
张首刚
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National Time Service Center of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device which is provided with a rubidium-atom vacuum sealing cylinder and a cesium-atom vacuum sealing cylinder, wherein rubidium atoms and cesium atoms are respectively generated and enter the same metal atom beam high collimator after passing through a rubidium atom channel and a cesium atom channel, so that the rubidium atoms and the cesium atoms are accurately overlapped through the traveling paths of the atoms, the premise is provided for the interaction of rubidium atoms-microwaves and cesium atoms-microwaves at the same position, the precision of precision measurement is improved, and meanwhile, development of a rubidium-cesium diatomic clock is facilitated.

Description

Rubidium and cesium diatomic beam source device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of atomic beams, in particular to a rubidium-cesium dual-atomic beam source device.
Background
The atomic beam provides an interaction environment without collision effect for atoms and an electromagnetic field, so that the atomic beam has great application value in basic physics and engineering technology. Therefore, the development of an atomic beam device with controllable beam direction and speed, no collision and stable intensity is always one of the important subjects in the field of atomic physics and quantum precision measurement. As is well known, monatomic beam generating devices (also commonly referred to simply as atomic beam furnaces) have been extensively studied by scientists, the best known being successful beam sources on cesium beam atomic clocks (or "cesium furnaces") which provide a high quality collision-free atomic beam for the interaction between cesium atoms and microwaves, lasers, so that cesium beam atomic clocks have a significant advantage in terms of accuracy and stability, particularly long-term stability, over conventional air-chamber atomic clocks. At present, the international commercial beam atomic clock is mainly an HP 5071A cesium-heat beam atomic clock developed by original Hewlett packard company in America.
The beam type atomic clock can provide standard time frequency signal output at an extremely high level, so that the beam type atomic clock has fundamental effects on satellite navigation positioning, power network synchronization and 5G communication base station construction, and other major international scientific research countries, such as China, France, Japan and the like, are in research and attack. Under such a background, it is necessary and urgent to develop an innovative development of an atomic beam current generation device, which is one of core components of an atomic clock.
As described above, the monatomic beam flow generation apparatus has been developed for many years, but the related mechanisms are still being improved and new. On the basis, a diatomic system research heat tide appears internationally in recent years, and compared with a monoatomic interaction system, the diatomic system provides an ideal platform with huge potential for precise measurement physics. For example, the Einstein equivalent principle and the change of basic physical constants can be tested by reported high-precision measurement of the transition frequency ratio of rubidium atoms and cesium atoms. In the comparative measurement experiment, the consistency of the environments of the rubidium and cesium atoms is ensured, which can obviously reduce the uncertainty of measurement caused by the environments.
The existing dual-mode microwave cavity for rubidium-cesium diatomic transition provides the same atom-microwave interaction region for rubidium atom beams and cesium atoms. However, in order to ensure that the interaction positions of the two rubidium and cesium atoms and the microwave field are precisely consistent, and to improve the precision measurement level, a dual atomic beam source generating device capable of generating two rubidium and cesium atomic beams and ensuring that the traveling paths of the two atomic beams are completely consistent is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device, which achieves the technical effect that rubidium atoms and cesium are accurately overlapped through the traveling paths of atoms.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device comprises a diatomic beam source device, a metal atomic beam high collimator, a rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder and a cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder, wherein the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder is used for generating a rubidium atomic beam, the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder is used for generating a cesium atomic beam, the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder is connected with a rubidium atomic channel of the diatomic beam source device, the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder is connected with a cesium atomic channel of the diatomic beam source device, the rubidium atomic beam and the cesium atomic beam respectively enter the metal atomic beam high collimator located inside the diatomic beam source device through the rubidium atomic channel and the cesium atomic channel, and are ejected through a collimation channel of the metal atomic beam high collimator to form the cesium diatomic beam.
Optionally, the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder comprises a rubidium atom bubble and a rubidium steam balancing chamber, the rubidium atom bubble and the rubidium steam balancing chamber are located inside the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder, the rubidium atom bubble is arranged at a breakdown end of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder, the rubidium steam balancing chamber is arranged at an emergent end of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder, rubidium atoms stored in the rubidium atom bubble are heated to form rubidium atom steam after being broken down, and the rubidium atom steam enters the rubidium steam balancing chamber to form rubidium atom saturated steam pressure and passes through the rubidium atom channel to enter the metal atom beam high collimator.
Optionally, the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder further comprises a first dense sponge nickel cylinder and a rubidium atom bubble heating device, the first dense sponge nickel cylinder is tightly attached to the inner wall of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder and used for adsorbing punctured rubidium atoms, and the rubidium atom bubble heating device is wound on the outer side of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder and used for independent heating and temperature control of the rubidium atom bubbles.
Optionally, a first compression spring is arranged outside the rubidium steam balance chamber, and applies pressure to the rubidium atomic bubble, so that the rubidium atomic bubble is in close contact with a rubidium atomic bubble breakdown electrode arranged at a breakdown end of the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder.
Optionally, the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder comprises a cesium atom bubble and a cesium steam balancing chamber, the cesium atom bubble and the cesium steam balancing chamber are located inside the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder, the cesium atom bubble is arranged at a breakdown end of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder, the cesium steam balancing chamber is arranged at an exit end of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder, cesium atoms stored in the cesium atom bubble are broken down and heated to form cesium atom steam, the cesium atom steam enters the cesium steam balancing chamber to form cesium atom saturated vapor pressure, and the cesium atom steam enters the metal atom beam high collimator through the cesium atom channel.
Optionally, the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder further includes a second dense sponge nickel cylinder and a cesium atom bubble heating device, the second dense sponge nickel cylinder is tightly attached to the inner wall of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder and used for adsorbing punctured cesium atoms, and the cesium atom bubble heating device is wound around the outside of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder and used for individually heating and controlling temperature of the cesium atom bubble.
Optionally, a second compression spring is sleeved outside the cesium vapor balance chamber, and applies pressure to the cesium atomic bubbles, so that the cesium atomic bubbles are in close contact with cesium atomic bubble breakdown electrodes arranged at breakdown ends of the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinders.
Optionally, the metal atomic beam high collimator includes a plurality of flat sheets, a plurality of wavy sheets and an extrusion block, the flat sheets and the wavy sheets are sequentially arranged between the two flat sheets, so that the flat sheets and the wavy sheets are assembled at intervals in an overlapping manner, and the extrusion block extrudes the assembled flat sheets and wavy sheets into a whole to form the collimation channel.
Optionally, the diatomic beam source device comprises two mounting holes for mounting a heating tube for keeping the metal atomic beam high collimator warm.
Optionally, the diatomic beam source device further comprises a positioning hole and a positioning pin, and the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole and used for precisely assembling the diatomic beam source device and the metal atomic beam high collimator.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the rubidium-cesium dual-atomic clock is provided with the rubidium-atom vacuum sealing cylinder and the cesium-atom vacuum sealing cylinder to respectively generate rubidium atoms and cesium atoms, the rubidium atoms and the cesium atoms respectively enter the same metal atom beam high collimator through the rubidium-atom channel and the cesium-atom channel, the rubidium atoms and the cesium atoms are accurately overlapped through the advancing paths of the atoms, the premise is provided for the interaction of rubidium-microwave atoms and cesium-microwave atoms at the same position, the precision of precision measurement is improved, and meanwhile, the rubidium-cesium dual-atomic clock is beneficial to development of the rubidium-cesium dual-atomic clock.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rubidium-cesium dual-atom beam source device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal atomic beam high collimator provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device, which achieves the technical effect of accurately overlapping rubidium atoms and cesium through the traveling paths of atoms.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device comprises a diatomic beam source device 1, a metal atomic beam high collimator 3, a rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 and a cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 18, wherein the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 is used for generating a rubidium atomic beam, the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 18 is used for generating a cesium atomic beam, the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 11 is connected with a rubidium atomic channel 5 of the diatomic beam source device 1, the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder 18 is connected with a cesium atomic channel 6 of the diatomic beam source device 1, the rubidium atomic beam and the cesium atomic beam respectively enter the metal atomic beam high collimator 3 located inside the diatomic beam source device 1 through the rubidium atomic channel 5 and the cesium atomic channel 6, and are ejected through a collimation channel of the metal atomic beam high collimator to form the rubidium-cesium diatomic beam.
Rubidium and cesium atoms are emitted from respective atomic bubbles and then enter the same metal atomic beam high collimator 3 to be sprayed out, so that the traveling paths of the rubidium atomic beam and the cesium atomic beam are accurately overlapped, the premise is provided for interaction of rubidium atom-microwave and cesium atom-microwave at the same position, precision measurement is improved, and development of a rubidium and cesium diatomic clock is facilitated.
The rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11 comprises a rubidium atom bubble 9 and a rubidium steam balancing chamber 7, the rubidium atom bubble 9 and the rubidium steam balancing chamber 7 are located inside the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11, the rubidium atom bubble 9 is arranged at a breakdown end of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11, the rubidium steam balancing chamber 7 is arranged at an exit end of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11, rubidium atoms stored in the rubidium atom bubble 9 are heated to form rubidium atom steam after being broken down, the rubidium atom steam enters the rubidium steam balancing chamber 7 to form rubidium atom saturated steam pressure, and the rubidium atom steam enters the metal atom beam high collimator 3 through a rubidium atom channel 5.
The rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11 further comprises a first dense sponge nickel cylinder 10 and a rubidium atom bubble heating device 13, wherein the first dense sponge nickel cylinder 10 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11 and used for adsorbing broken rubidium atoms, and the rubidium atom bubble heating device 13 is wound on the outer side of the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11 and used for independently heating and controlling temperature of the rubidium atom bubble 9.
The first dense sponge nickel cylinder 10 is arranged close to the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11, so that metal atoms are prevented from diffusing on the one hand, and rubidium atoms and cesium atoms are prevented from mutually permeating in heating on the other hand. The rubidium atom bubble heating device 13 is tightly wound on the rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11, is fixed in a mechanical mode, and can control the temperature of the rubidium atom bubble 9 by accurately controlling the power of the rubidium atom bubble heating device 13.
The first compression spring 8 is sleeved on the outer side of the rubidium steam balance chamber 7, applies pressure to the rubidium atomic bubbles 9, and is used for enabling the rubidium atomic bubbles 9 to be in close contact with rubidium atomic bubble breakdown electrodes 12 arranged at the breakdown ends of the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinders 11.
The rubidium steam balance chamber 7 is connected with the diatomic beam source device 1 and is also connected with the rubidium atomic bubble breakdown electrode 12, so that an integral structure from vacuum storage and breakdown of metal atoms to final ejection of atomic beams is formed.
After the first compression spring 8 is assembled, the elastic force of the compression spring on the rubidium atomic bubble 9 enables the breakdown cover of the rubidium atomic bubble 9 to be in close contact with the rubidium atomic bubble breakdown electrode 12, and breakdown failure caused by loose contact is prevented.
The cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 18 comprises a cesium atom bubble 16 and a cesium steam balancing chamber 14, the cesium atom bubble 16 and the cesium steam balancing chamber 14 are located inside the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 18, the cesium atom bubble 16 is arranged at a breakdown end of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 18, the cesium steam balancing chamber 14 is arranged at an exit end of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 18, cesium atoms stored in the cesium atom bubble 16 are broken down and heated to form cesium atom steam, the cesium atom steam enters the cesium steam balancing chamber 14 to form cesium atom saturated vapor pressure, and the cesium atom saturated vapor pressure enters the metal atom beam high collimator 3 through a cesium atom channel 6.
The cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 18 further comprises a second compact sponge nickel cylinder 17 and a cesium atom bubble heating device 19, wherein the second compact sponge nickel cylinder 17 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11 and used for adsorbing punctured cesium atoms, and the cesium atom bubble heating device 19 is wound on the outer side of the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 11 and used for independently heating and controlling the temperature of the cesium atom bubble 16.
The second dense sponge nickel cylinder 17 is arranged close to the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 18, so that on one hand, metal atoms are prevented from diffusing, and on the other hand, cesium atoms and cesium atoms are prevented from mutually permeating during heating. The cesium atomic bubble heating device 19 is tightly wound around the cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 18 and mechanically fixed, and the temperature of the cesium atomic bubble 16 can be controlled by precisely controlling the power of the cesium atomic bubble heating device 19.
And a second compression spring 15 is sleeved on the outer side of the cesium steam balance chamber 14 and is used for applying pressure to the cesium atomic bubbles 16 so as to enable the cesium atomic bubbles 16 to be in close contact with cesium atomic bubble breakdown electrodes 20 arranged at breakdown ends of a cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder 18.
The cesium vapor balance chamber 14 is connected with the diatomic beam source device 1 and also connected with the cesium atomic bubble breakdown electrode 20, and forms an integral structure from vacuum storage and breakdown of metal atoms to final ejection of atomic beams.
After the second compression spring 15 is assembled, the elastic force of the compression on the cesium atomic bubble 16 makes the breakdown cover of the cesium atomic bubble 16 closely contact with the cesium atomic bubble breakdown electrode 20, so that breakdown failure caused by contact failure is prevented.
The diatom beam source device 1 comprises two mounting holes 4 for mounting heating pipes for keeping the metal atomic beam high collimator 3 warm and providing heat sources for the metal atomic beam high collimator 3.
The diatom beam source device 1 further comprises a positioning hole and a positioning pin 2, wherein the positioning pin 2 is inserted into the positioning hole and used for precisely assembling the diatom beam source device 1 and the metal atomic beam high collimator 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the metal atomic beam high collimator 3 includes 8 flat plates 304, 7 wavy plates 305, and an extrusion block 306, the flat plates 304 and the wavy plates 305 are sequentially disposed between the two flat plates 304, the flat plates 304 and the wavy plates 305 are assembled at intervals, and the extrusion block 306 extrudes the assembled flat plates 304 and the wavy plates 305 into a whole to form a collimation channel. When the saturated vapor pressure of the metal atoms is high enough, the metal atoms enter the collimation channel from the initial collimation port 307, are secondarily pressurized by the collimation channel and are ejected at a certain speed from the final collimation port to form a highly collimated metal atom beam with a small divergence angle.
The flat sheet 304 and the wavy sheet 305 are made of 316 stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.02mm, the flat sheet 304 is made by a special precise single-punch die, and the wavy sheet 305 is made into a flat sheet with the size slightly larger than that of the flat sheet 304 by the special precise single-punch die and then extruded by a reliable stretching die.
The metal atomic beam high collimator 3 further comprises an oxygen-free copper limiting sheet 302 and a positioning pin 303, and the oxygen-free copper limiting sheet 302 is accurately fixed on the metal atomic beam high collimator 3 through the positioning pin 303.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device is characterized by comprising a diatomic beam source device, a metal atomic beam high collimator, a rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder and a cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder, wherein the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder is used for generating a rubidium atomic beam, the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder is used for generating a cesium atomic beam, the rubidium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder is connected with a rubidium atomic channel of the diatomic beam source device, the cesium atomic vacuum sealing cylinder is connected with a cesium atomic channel of the diatomic beam source device, the rubidium atomic beam and the cesium atomic beam respectively enter the metal atomic beam high collimator located inside the diatomic beam source device through the rubidium atomic channel and the cesium atomic channel, and are ejected through a collimation channel of the metal atomic beam high collimator to form a rubidium-cesium diatomic beam.
2. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 1, wherein said rubidium atom vacuum sealed cylinder comprises a rubidium atom bubble and a rubidium vapor balance chamber, said rubidium atom bubble and said rubidium vapor balance chamber are located inside said rubidium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, said rubidium atom bubble is disposed at a breakdown end of said rubidium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, said rubidium vapor balance chamber is disposed at an exit end of said rubidium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, and after the rubidium atoms stored in said rubidium atom bubble are broken down, said rubidium atom bubble is heated to form rubidium atom vapor, said rubidium atom vapor enters said rubidium vapor balance chamber to form rubidium atom saturated vapor pressure, and said rubidium atom beam high collimator enters said metal atom beam collimator through said rubidium atom channel.
3. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 2, wherein said rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder further comprises a first dense sponge nickel cylinder and a rubidium atom bubble heating device, said first dense sponge nickel cylinder clings to the inner wall of said rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder for adsorbing broken down rubidium atoms, said rubidium atom bubble heating device is wound outside said rubidium atom vacuum sealing cylinder for individual heating and temperature control of said rubidium atom bubble.
4. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 2, wherein said rubidium vapor balance chamber is externally sheathed with a first compression spring for applying a pressure to said rubidium atomic bubble for bringing said rubidium atomic bubble into close contact with a rubidium atomic bubble breakdown electrode provided at a breakdown end of said rubidium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder.
5. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 1, wherein said cesium atom vacuum sealed cylinder comprises a cesium atom bubble and a cesium vapor balance chamber, said cesium atom bubble and said cesium vapor balance chamber are located inside said cesium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, said cesium atom bubble is located at a breakdown end of said cesium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, said cesium vapor balance chamber is located at an exit end of said cesium atom vacuum sealed cylinder, cesium atoms stored in said cesium atom bubble are broken down and heated to form cesium atom vapor, and enter said cesium vapor balance chamber to form cesium atom saturation vapor pressure, and enter said metal atom beam high collimator through said cesium atom passage.
6. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 5, wherein said cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder further comprises a second dense sponge nickel cylinder and a cesium atom bubble heating device, said second dense sponge nickel cylinder clings to the inner wall of said cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder for adsorbing broken cesium atoms, said cesium atom bubble heating device is wound outside said cesium atom vacuum sealing cylinder for individual heating and temperature control of said cesium atom bubble.
7. The rubidium-cesium dual-atom beam source device according to claim 5, wherein a second compression spring is sleeved outside the cesium vapor balance chamber and applies pressure to the cesium atomic bubble for bringing the cesium atomic bubble into close contact with a cesium atomic bubble breakdown electrode provided at a breakdown end of the cesium atomic vacuum sealed cylinder.
8. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 1, wherein said metal atomic beam high collimator comprises a plurality of flat sheets, a plurality of wave sheets and a squeezing block, said flat sheets and said wave sheets are sequentially arranged between two said flat sheets, so that said flat sheets and said wave sheets are assembled in a spaced-stacked manner, and said squeezing block squeezes said assembled flat sheets and said wave sheets into a whole to form said collimating channel.
9. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device of claim 1, wherein said diatomic beam source device includes two mounting holes for mounting a heating tube for insulating said atomic metal beam high collimator.
10. The rubidium-cesium diatomic beam source device according to claim 1, further comprising a positioning hole and a positioning pin inserted into said positioning hole for precision assembly of said diatomic beam source device and said metal atomic beam high collimator.
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CN110967962B (en) * 2019-11-26 2021-04-06 北京无线电计量测试研究所 Electric shock penetrating system and method for cesium oven
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US8071019B2 (en) * 2008-10-31 2011-12-06 Honeywell International Inc. Methods for introduction of a reactive material into a vacuum chamber
US8530853B2 (en) * 2011-07-22 2013-09-10 The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Commerce, NIST Charged particle source from a photoionized cold atom beam
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