CN109714818B - Power distribution method in single-cell NOMA system - Google Patents

Power distribution method in single-cell NOMA system Download PDF

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CN109714818B
CN109714818B CN201910204490.XA CN201910204490A CN109714818B CN 109714818 B CN109714818 B CN 109714818B CN 201910204490 A CN201910204490 A CN 201910204490A CN 109714818 B CN109714818 B CN 109714818B
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田心记
任铭
李晓静
张丹青
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Xinruiwei (Shanghai) Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

The invention discloses a power distribution method in a single-cell NOMA system, which is suitable for a system comprising 1 base station andMKa downlink NOMA system of each user, a base station and the user are all configured with a single antenna. The base station clusters users and distributes orthogonal sub-frequency bands for the user clusters, the base station calculates the minimum total power required by each cluster and the minimum total power required by a system when serial interference elimination is met according to channel conditions, the minimum power required by a single cluster is used as a constraint condition, the relation between the power distributed to each user when the rates of all the users in the cluster are the same and the total power of the cluster is calculated, and based on the result, the minimum total power required by the system is used as the constraint condition, the problem of solving is solvedMKAnd allocating power for each cluster when the rates of the users are the same, and finally allocating power for each user in each cluster.

Description

Power distribution method in single-cell NOMA system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of communication, and particularly relates to a power distribution method in a single-cell NOMA system.
Background
A Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technology is one of the key technologies of 5G, has high system throughput and spectral efficiency, and can meet the explosive increase of wireless data traffic. The NOMA technology allocates power to users at a transmitting end and multiplexes their signals on the same time-frequency resource, multiple access Interference is actively introduced, and a receiving end eliminates the Interference and detects the expected received signals through a Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) technology. The power allocation not only relates to the detection order of each user signal, but also affects the reliability and effectiveness of the system, and therefore, the power allocation in the NOMA system is one of the research hotspots in recent years.
Many documents research power allocation schemes in single-cell downlink NOMA systems, wherein targets of power allocation are mainly classified into three categories: maximize rate, maximize energy efficiency, and maximize fairness. The power allocation scheme for maximizing the rate takes the total power or the rate of a single user as a constraint condition, and a water filling algorithm or other algorithms are adopted to solve the problem that the power allocation of the sum rate of all the users can be maximized. The power allocation scheme that maximizes energy efficiency also solves the power allocated to each user with the total power or the rate of a single user as a constraint condition and with the goal of maximizing the ratio of the sum rate of users to the total power. The document "On optimal power allocation for downlink non-orthogonal multiple access systems" proposes a maximum fair power allocation scheme, so that the rates of all users are the same, and fairness of the users On the rates is realized. However, this scheme is limited to a scenario where each cluster contains two users, and does not consider the constraint on the total power of the system when SIC is satisfied, which may result in a failure to detect the signal correctly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power distribution method in a single-cell NOMA system, which is suitable for a single-antenna downlink NOMA system comprising 1 base station and MK users, wherein the users and the base station are both provided with a single antenna.
The technical idea for realizing the invention is as follows: the base station clusters the users and allocates orthogonal sub-frequency bands for the user clusters, the base station calculates the minimum total power required by each cluster and the minimum total power required by a system when serial interference elimination is met according to channel conditions, the minimum power required by a single cluster is used as a constraint condition, the relation between the power allocated to each user and the total power of the cluster when the rates of all the users in the cluster are the same is calculated, based on the result, the minimum total power required by the system is used as the constraint condition, the power allocated to each cluster when the rates of MK users are the same is solved, and finally the power is allocated to each user in each cluster.
In summary, a power allocation method in a single-cell NOMA system is applicable to a single-antenna downlink NOMA system including 1 base station and MK users, and both the users and the base station configure a single antenna, including the following steps:
a, a base station divides MK users into K clusters, each cluster comprises M users, the base station allocates a sub-frequency band for each cluster, and the sub-frequency bands between clusters are orthogonal;
b, with ukmDenotes the mth user in the kth cluster, K is 1,2, …, K, M is 1,2, …, M, base stationTo ukmIs hkm，|hk1|2≥|hk2|2≥…≥|hkM|2By r0Represents the minimum requirement for Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) when correctly detecting signals, and the base station bases on hkmAnd r0Calculating u satisfying Serial Interference Cancellation (SIC)kmMinimum power required, in pkm0When m is 1, the compound is represented by,
Figure BDA0001998530600000021
when the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
Figure BDA0001998530600000022
σ2is the noise variance received by the user, K is the total number of clusters, M is the number of users contained in each cluster;
c, the base station calculates the minimum total power p required by the kth cluster when SIC is satisfiedk0And the minimum total power P required by the systemmin，
Figure BDA0001998530600000023
Figure BDA0001998530600000024
K is the total number of clusters, M is the number of users contained in each cluster;
d, with pkDenotes the total power of all users in the kth cluster, K is 1,2, …, K, let pk≥pk0，pk0The lowest power required by the kth cluster obtained in the step C is taken as a constraint condition, and the base station solves the relation between the power distributed to each user and the total power of the cluster when the rates of all users in the cluster are equal;
e, with pkRepresents the total power of all users in the kth cluster, PmaxRepresenting the total power of the base station, let Pmax≥Pmin，PminThe minimum total power required by the system obtained in the step C is used as a constraint condition, and the base station solves MK numbersThe relation between the power distributed to each cluster and the total power of the system when the rates of the users are equal;
f, mixing p obtained in the step Ek' substitution of the function fp obtained in step Dkm(pk) To obtain fpkm(pk′)，fpkm(pk') is the power allocated for the mth user in the kth cluster, K is 1,2, …, K, M is 1,2, …, M is the total number of clusters, and M is the number of users contained in each cluster.
Further, the step D specifically includes:
d1, with pkmIs denoted by ukmAllocated power, will pkConsidered to be a known variable, let pkmThe base station solves the equation set (1) to obtain multiple sets of solutions, wherein K is 1,2, …, K, M is 1,2, …, M and K are the total number of clusters, and M is the number of users contained in each cluster;
Figure BDA0001998530600000031
d2, selecting p from the multiple solutions obtained in step D1k1、pk2、…、pkMAre all positive numbers and are all less than pkBy the function fpkm(pk) P represents the solution of formula (1)kmAnd pkThe function is related to the value of M, K is 1,2, …, K, M is 1,2, …, M, K is the total number of clusters, M is the number of users contained in each cluster.
Further, the step E specifically includes:
e1, adding PmaxConsidered to be a known variable, let pkThe base station solves the equation set (2) by considering unknown variables to obtain a plurality of sets of solutions, wherein K is 1,2, …, and K is the total number of clusters;
Figure BDA0001998530600000032
e2, selecting the total power of each cluster from the multiple groups of solutions obtained in the step E1, wherein the total power is positive and is less than PmaxA group of solutions ofBy p1′、p2′、…、pK' represents the set of solutions.
Has the advantages that: the method disclosed by the invention expands the maximum fair power distribution scheme to the scene that each cluster contains any user, deduces the minimum total power required by each cluster and the minimum total power required by the system when the SIC is satisfied, and realizes the fairness of the users on the speed while the SIC is satisfied.
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FIG. 1 is a system model of an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention is given below, and the present invention will be described in further detail. As shown in fig. 1, consider a downlink NOMA system including 1 base station and MK users, both of which are configured with a single antenna. The users are divided into K clusters, each cluster containing M users, ukmDenotes the mth user in the kth cluster, K being 1,2, …, K, M being 1,2, …, M. Base station to ukmIs hkm，|hk1|2≥|hk2|2≥…≥|hkM|2. The base station allocates the total power for the kth cluster to be pk, wherein ukmHas a power of pkm，pk1≤pk2≤…≤pkM，
Figure BDA0001998530600000041
The base station allocates a sub-band for each cluster, and the sub-bands among the clusters are orthogonal.
By ykmRepresents ukmOf the received signal, ykmIs expressed in the form of
Figure BDA0001998530600000042
Wherein x iskmIs ukmDesired received signal of nkmIs ukmReceived white Gaussian noise with mean value of zero and variance of sigma2。
uk1Performing Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC), i.e. first detecting xkMAnd eliminating the signal pair yk1The interference caused, and then x is detectedk(M-1)And eliminating the signal pair yk1The interference caused by this, in turn, detects other signals and cancels these signal pairs yk1The interference caused until x is detectedk1。uk1Detecting xkmThe Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) is
Figure BDA0001998530600000043
In the same way, ukjDetecting xkmSINR of time is
Figure BDA0001998530600000044
Wherein j is less than or equal to M, M is 1,2, …, M, j is 1,2, …, M.
Let r be0Is the minimum requirement for SINR when correctly detecting signals, in order to perform SIC, ukjDetecting xkmThe SINR of the time must not be less than r0Therefore, the following equation is required to be satisfied
Figure BDA0001998530600000045
Thus can be derived, pkmIs taken to satisfy
Figure BDA0001998530600000046
Order to
Figure BDA0001998530600000051
l(|hkj|2) Is | hkj|2A monotonically decreasing function. Due to | hk1|2≥|hk2|2≥…≥|hkM|2When j is m, l (| h)kj|2) To a maximum, i.e. formula (5) can be varied
Figure BDA0001998530600000052
Let m in formula (6) be 1 to give pk1Has a value range of
Figure BDA0001998530600000053
Let m in formula (6) be 2 to give pk2Has a value range of
Figure BDA0001998530600000054
Let m in formula (6) be 3 to obtain pk3Has a value range of
Figure BDA0001998530600000055
Let m in formula (6) be 4 to obtain pk4Has a value range of
Figure BDA0001998530600000056
Obtained by induction method, M is 2,3, …, when M is pkmSatisfies the following formula
Figure BDA0001998530600000057
By pkm0Represents ukmThe lowest power required to perform SIC and correctly detect the desired signal. When m is equal to 1, the compound is,
Figure BDA0001998530600000058
m2, 3, …, M is pkm0Is taken as
Figure BDA0001998530600000059
From the formula (12), when i<When j is, pki0<pkj0I.e. the lower the channel gain of a user in the same cluster, the higher the minimum power required. By pk0Represents the minimum total power required for all users in the kth cluster to perform SIC and correctly detect the desired signal, pk0Is taken as
Figure BDA0001998530600000061
If the total power of the kth cluster is lower than pk0Then the successful execution of the SIC within the cluster cannot be guaranteed, and all desired signals cannot be correctly detected. By PminRepresents the minimum total power, P, required by the system to satisfy SIC and to correctly detect the desired signalminIs taken as
Figure BDA0001998530600000062
With RkjRepresents ukjPer unit bandwidth rate, RkjIs shown as
Figure BDA0001998530600000063
The sum of the unit bandwidth rates of all users in the kth cluster is
Figure BDA0001998530600000064
The sum of the unit bandwidth rates of MK users in the system is
Figure BDA0001998530600000065
Assuming total power P of the base stationmax≥PminOtherwise, the successful execution of SIC in each cluster cannot be ensured. The formula for power allocation targeting maximum fairness is given by:
Figure BDA0001998530600000071
wherein the constraint C1 represents the total power of the system as PmaxConstraint C2 indicates that the total power of a single cluster cannot be lower than the minimum power required by the cluster, and constraint C3 is used to ensure the successful execution of the SIC.
By solving the formula (18), P is obtainedmax≥PminThe most fair power allocation. However, the solution of equation (18) requires traversing all possible power allocations, and is extremely complex, for which the most fair power allocation within a single cluster is considered first, and then the most fair power allocation between clusters is considered.
Assume total power p of kth clusterkNot less than pk0Solving for the cluster
Figure BDA0001998530600000072
Total power p from the clusterkThe relationship between is formulated as
Figure BDA0001998530600000073
Wherein the constraint C1 indicates that the total power of the cluster cannot be lower than the minimum power required by the cluster, and the constraint C2 indicates that the power requirement of each user of the kth cluster is satisfied when SIC is satisfied. From the foregoing analysis, the constraint C2 in the formula (19) is equivalently expressed as
Figure BDA0001998530600000074
Total power p at kth clusterkIncreasing p while remaining unchangedkjWhen u is turned onkjIs increased and at least one user's rate is decreased, so only when R is increasedk1＝Rk2＝…＝RkMThen, min { R } can be maximizedkjJ is 1,2, …, M }. When the total power of the cluster is pk0And the power of the mth user is pkm0Then, the rate of all users in the cluster is the same, and the rate of each user is log2(1+r0) If the total power of the cluster is greater than or equal to pk0Then the rates of all users are the same, and the rate of the user is not lower than log2(1+r0). Therefore, when m.gtoreq.j, the combination formula (6) is derived,
Figure BDA0001998530600000081
thereby satisfying the constraint C2 in equation (19).
Rk1＝Rk2＝…＝RkMIs equivalent to the formula (20)
Figure BDA0001998530600000082
In view of
Figure BDA0001998530600000083
Equation (20) is equivalent to the following system of equations
Figure BDA0001998530600000084
Solving the system of equations can obtain the power of each user when the rates of all users in the kth cluster are equal, namely pk1、pk2、…、pkMAnd pkThe relationship (2) of (c). The specific formula is related to the value of M, and the formula is longer and not listed here. The solutions obtained have multiple groups, p is selectedk1、pk2、…、pkMAre all positive numbers and are all less than pkAs a solution of equation (19). By the function fpkm(pk) Expressing the solution of the system of equations toP is outkmAnd pkWhen the rates of all users in the cluster are all
Figure BDA0001998530600000085
When equation (19) is solved, equation (18) is equivalently expressed as
Figure BDA0001998530600000086
Wherein the constraint C1 represents the total power of the system as PmaxConstraint C2 represents a power constraint for a single cluster. The power allocation of MK users is obtained in equation (18), the power allocation of K clusters is obtained in equation (22), and equation (22) is a simplified expression of equation (18).
At total power PmaxWith p remaining unchangedkAt the time of enlargement, of the kth cluster
Figure BDA0001998530600000091
It will increase but at least the maximum value of the lowest rate of the users in a cluster will decrease, so that the minimum value of all user rates will be maximized only if all users have the same rate, and the rates of all users in all clusters will be equal. The power allocation when the rates of all users are equal can be obtained by solving the system of equations in equation (23).
Figure BDA0001998530600000092
Solving the equation set (23) to obtain multiple sets of solutions, wherein the total power of each cluster is positive and less than PmaxA group of solutions of, with p1′、p2′、…、pK' represents the set of solutions. P is to bek' bring in fpkm(pk) The resulting value is the power allocated to the mth user in the kth cluster, K being 1,2, …, K, M being 1,2, …, M, which enables the MK users to all have the same rate.
With reference to the flowchart of the present invention, i.e. fig. 2, the method for allocating the maximum fairness power in the single cell NOMA system specifically includes the following steps:
a, a base station divides MK users into K clusters, each cluster comprises M users, the base station allocates a sub-frequency band for each cluster, and the sub-frequency bands between clusters are orthogonal;
b, with ukmDenotes the mth user in the kth cluster, K1, 2, …, K, M1, 2, …, M, base station to ukmIs hkm，|hk1|2≥|hk2|2≥…≥|hkM|2By r0Represents the minimum requirement for Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) when correctly detecting signals, and the base station bases on hkmAnd r0Calculating u satisfying Serial Interference Cancellation (SIC)kmMinimum power required, in pkm0When m is 1, the compound is represented by,
Figure BDA0001998530600000093
when the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
Figure BDA0001998530600000094
σ2is the noise variance received by the user, K is the total number of clusters, M is the number of users contained in each cluster;
c, the base station calculates the minimum total power p required by the kth cluster when SIC is satisfiedk0And the minimum total power P required by the systemmin，
Figure BDA0001998530600000095
Figure BDA0001998530600000101
K is the total number of clusters, M is the number of users contained in each cluster;
d, with pkDenotes the total power of all users in the kth cluster, K is 1,2, …, K, let pk≥pk0，pk0The lowest power required by the kth cluster obtained in the step C is adopted, the lowest total power required by each cluster is taken as a constraint condition, and the base station solves the problem that the rates of all users in the cluster are in phaseThe relation between the power allocated for each user isochronously and the total power of the cluster;
e, with pkRepresents the total power of all users in the kth cluster, PmaxRepresenting the total power of the base station, let Pmax≥Pmin，PminC, taking the minimum total power required by the system as a constraint condition, and solving the relation between the power distributed to each cluster and the total power of the system when the rates of MK users are equal by the base station;
f, mixing p obtained in the step Ek' substitution of the function fp obtained in step Dkm(pk) To obtain fpkm(pk′)，fpkm(pk') is the power allocated for the mth user in the kth cluster, K is 1,2, …, K, M is 1,2, …, M is the total number of clusters, and M is the number of users contained in each cluster.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (1)

1. A power distribution method in a single-cell NOMA system is suitable for a single-antenna downlink NOMA system comprising 1 base station and MK users, and the users and the base station are both provided with a single antenna, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a, a base station divides MK users into K clusters, each cluster comprises M users, the base station allocates a sub-frequency band for each cluster, and the sub-frequency bands between clusters are orthogonal;
b, with ukmDenotes the mth user in the kth cluster, K1, 2, …, K, M1, 2, …, M, base station to ukmIs hkm，|hk1|2≥|hk2|2≥…≥|hkM|2By r0Indicating the correct detected Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio,SINR) according to hkmAnd r0Calculating u satisfying Serial Interference Cancellation (SIC)kmMinimum power required, in pkm0When m is 1, the compound is represented by,
Figure FDA0001998530590000011
when the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
Figure FDA0001998530590000012
σ2is the noise variance received by the user, K is the total number of clusters, M is the number of users contained in each cluster;
c, the base station calculates the minimum total power p required by the kth cluster when SIC is satisfiedk0And the minimum total power P required by the systemmin，
Figure FDA0001998530590000013
Figure FDA0001998530590000014
K is the total number of clusters, M is the number of users contained in each cluster;
d, with pkDenotes the total power of all users in the kth cluster, K is 1,2, …, K, let pk≥pk0，pk0The lowest power required by the kth cluster obtained in the step C, and with the lowest total power required by each cluster as a constraint condition, the base station solves the relationship between the power allocated to each user and the total power of the cluster when the rates of all users in the cluster are equal, and the specific process is as follows:
d1, with pkmIs denoted by ukmAllocated power, will pkConsidered to be a known variable, let pkmThe base station solves the equation set (1) to obtain multiple sets of solutions, wherein K is 1,2, …, K, M is 1,2, …, M and K are the total number of clusters, and M is the number of users contained in each cluster;
Figure FDA0001998530590000021
d2, selecting p from the multiple solutions obtained in step D1k1、pk2、…、pkMAre all positive numbers and are all less than pkBy the function fpkm(pk) P represents the solution of formula (1)kmAnd pkThe function is related to the value of M, K is 1,2, …, K, M is 1,2, …, M, K is the total number of clusters, M is the number of users contained in each cluster;
e, with pkRepresents the total power of all users in the kth cluster, PmaxRepresenting the total power of the base station, let Pmax≥Pmin，PminThe minimum total power required by the system obtained in the step C is taken as a constraint condition, the base station solves the relation between the power distributed to each cluster and the total power of the system when the rates of MK users are equal, the specific process is as follows,
e1, adding PmaxConsidered to be a known variable, let pkThe base station solves the equation set (2) by considering unknown variables to obtain a plurality of sets of solutions, wherein K is 1,2, …, and K is the total number of clusters;
Figure FDA0001998530590000022
e2, selecting the total power of each cluster from the multiple groups of solutions obtained in the step E1, wherein the total power is positive and is less than PmaxA group of solutions of, with p1′、p2′、…、pK' represents the set of solutions;
f, mixing p obtained in the step Ek' substitution of the function fp obtained in step Dkm(pk) To obtain fpkm(pk′)，fpkm(pk') is the power allocated for the mth user in the kth cluster, K is 1,2, …, K, M is 1,2, …, M is the total number of clusters, and M is the number of users contained in each cluster.
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