CN109709020B - Air permeability test system and test method for unsaturated frozen soil - Google Patents
Air permeability test system and test method for unsaturated frozen soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109709020B CN109709020B CN201910068346.8A CN201910068346A CN109709020B CN 109709020 B CN109709020 B CN 109709020B CN 201910068346 A CN201910068346 A CN 201910068346A CN 109709020 B CN109709020 B CN 109709020B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
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- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for testing air permeability of unsaturated frozen soil, wherein the system comprises a sample container, a temperature and humidity control system, an air suction control measuring device, a pressure measuring system and an environment simulation box, wherein the pressure measuring system comprises a plurality of pressure sensors; one end of the sample container is an air inlet end, the other end of the sample container is an air exhaust end, and a row of pressure measuring ports are arranged on the container wall along the air flowing direction; the sample container is placed in the environment simulation box, the air inlet end is communicated with the temperature control system, the air exhaust end is communicated with the air suction control measuring device, and each pressure measuring port is respectively connected with a corresponding pressure sensor. The frozen soil sample is placed in a sample container, then placed in an environment simulation box, an air suction control measuring device is started, external air is sucked, the pressure gradient and the air pressure difference are obtained, and the permeability coefficient can be calculated by a Darcy formula. The temperature of the permeated gas is controlled by the temperature and humidity control system, the permeated gas is kept dry, and the suction force and the permeation quantity are controlled by the suction control measuring device, so that the test precision can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a system and a method for testing air permeability of unsaturated frozen soil.
Background
Roadbed frozen soil diseases are serious problems which plague various constructions in China. In recent years, research on frozen soil mechanisms in China is mainly focused on moisture, and frost heaving is considered to occur because pore water in soil is frozen at a freezing point, however, one of important factors in road foundation soil freezing reasons is that gaseous water is frozen into ice. In the past researches on the frost heaving phenomenon of a high-speed railway, few theories and experiments on the freezing and migration of water vapor exist.
For a long time, the complexity of the unsaturated frozen soil permeability coefficient test directly influences the understanding of unsaturated frozen soil pore fluid migration rules. At present, many people focus on testing the water permeability coefficient, mainly researching the relation between the water permeability coefficient and suction force or establishing the relation between the water permeability coefficient and granularity, humidity, density and structural property, namely a permeability function.
There are also several test devices at home and abroad, such as Barden (1969) triaxial penetrometer and Fleureau 1994) ECD steady state penetrometer, and they have not solved the problem of poor accuracy when directly measuring the water permeation quantity. The unsaturated frozen soil pore water and the air are in the same system, the water seepage coefficient and the air seepage coefficient change with the relative content of the pore water and the air seepage coefficient and influence each other, and a certain relation exists between the pore water and the air seepage coefficient and can be obtained by a Darcy formula. Most unsaturated soil encountered in engineering is in a gas communication state, so that the gas permeability test is easier and the precision is higher. For example, zhao Min and He Huili measure the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil by using a water-air movement combined tester, but the accuracy is low, and the characteristics of frozen soil cannot be measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for testing the air permeability of unsaturated frozen soil with higher precision aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention provides an air permeability test system of unsaturated frozen soil, which comprises a sample container, a temperature and humidity control system, an air suction control measuring device, a pressure measuring system and an environment simulation box, wherein the pressure measuring system comprises a plurality of pressure sensors; one end of the sample container is an air inlet end, the other end of the sample container is an air exhaust end, and a row of pressure measuring ports are arranged on the container wall along the air flowing direction; the sample container is placed in the environment simulation box, the air inlet end is communicated with the temperature control system, the air exhaust end is communicated with the air suction control measuring device, and each pressure measuring port is respectively connected with a corresponding pressure sensor.
In one specific embodiment, the humidity control system comprises a cold dryer, a dryer and a spiral glass tube which are sequentially communicated, wherein the outlet of the spiral glass tube is communicated with an air hole at the air inlet end of the sample container.
In one specific embodiment, the inspiration control measuring device comprises a cylinder head, a cylinder body, a plunger and a driving mechanism, wherein the cylinder head is connected with the air inlet end of the cylinder body, the inner end of the plunger is assembled in the cylinder body, and the outer end of the plunger is connected with the driving mechanism; the driving mechanism drives the plunger to move along the cylinder body to form negative pressure so as to suck air.
Further, the cylinder head is made to be a cylindrical head, an annular groove is formed in the inner end face of the cylinder head, an axial hole and a radial hole which are mutually communicated are formed in the cylinder head, a joint is arranged at the outer end of the axial hole, the inner end of the axial hole is positioned in the annular groove, and a deflation valve is arranged at the outer end of the radial hole; one end of the cylinder body is inserted into the annular groove to be fixedly connected, and a sealing ring is arranged on the assembly surface.
Preferably, a compression ring is arranged at the position of the cylinder body corresponding to the inner end surface of the cylinder head.
Preferably, the axial center of the plunger is provided with a threaded hole.
In order to facilitate control of suction force, the driving mechanism comprises a screw rod, a bearing seat, a motor and a rotating speed sensor, one end of the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor through the bearing seat, the other end of the screw rod is connected in a threaded hole of the plunger in a threaded manner, and the motor drives the screw rod to rotate so that the plunger screw rod moves axially; the rotation speed sensor is arranged outside the motor to measure the rotation speed of the motor.
In order to display the suction amount conveniently, a displacement sensor for measuring the stroke of the plunger is arranged on the cylinder body.
In a specific embodiment, the sample container comprises an organic glass cylinder and an organic glass plate, wherein the organic glass cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder body, both ends of the organic glass cylinder are provided with through holes, and the outer wall of the organic glass cylinder is provided with a row of pressure measuring ports along the axial direction; the organic glass plates are circular plates, a plurality of air holes are uniformly distributed on the organic glass plates, the two organic glass plates are axially arranged in the organic glass cylinder, so that a gas buffer zone is formed in a gap area between the organic glass plates and an end plate of the organic glass cylinder, and the area between the two organic glass plates is used for containing a sample; the environment simulation box is a constant temperature refrigeration incubator, the environment simulation box is internally filled with refrigerating fluid, the spiral glass tube and the sample container are placed in the refrigerating fluid of the environment simulation box, and the air inlet pipeline between the spiral glass tube and the sample container and the refrigerating fluid at two ends of the sample container are provided with thermometers so as to control the temperature.
The invention also provides a method for testing the air permeability of the unsaturated frozen soil, which uses the testing system as a tool and comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a frozen soil sample, and placing the frozen soil into a sample container;
(2) Setting the temperature of an environment simulation box, and placing a sample container in the environment simulation box;
(3) Installing a pressure measuring system, and arranging each pressure sensor at a corresponding pressure measuring position;
(4) Starting an air suction control measuring device, sucking external air, regulating the temperature and the humidity of the external air by a temperature and humidity control system, and enabling the external air to enter a sample container and pass through a frozen soil sample;
(5) When the variation of the difference value among the pressure sensors tends to be stable, starting measurement;
(6) Obtaining pressure gradient and pressure difference according to the pressure measured by each pressure sensor, measuring and controlling the seepage volume by the inspiration control measuring device, and obtaining the seepage coefficient K according to the Darcy formula a ；
Wherein I is a To drive the pressure gradient of the gas flow, T a The time of the air seepage is A is the sectional area of the sample, L is the length of the sample, and Deltau a Is the difference of the air pressure of the air flow, V a For the velocity of the gas flow, Q a Is the gas permeability.
When the invention is tested, firstly, the prepared frozen soil sample is placed in a sample container, secondly, the temperature of an environment simulation box is set, the sample container is placed in the box, then, a pressure measuring system is installed, each pressure sensor in the pressure measuring system is respectively arranged at a corresponding pressure measuring port, after the installation is finished, an air suction control measuring device is started, external air is sucked, the external air enters the sample container after the temperature and the humidity are regulated by the temperature and humidity control system, passes through the frozen soil sample, the pressure at each pressure sensor is observed, when the variation of the difference value among the pressure sensors tends to be stable, measurement is started, finally, the pressure gradient and the pressure difference are obtained according to the air pressure measured by each pressure sensor, the air seepage is measured and controlled by the air suction control measuring device, and the permeability coefficient is obtained according to the Darcy formula. On one hand, the temperature of the permeated gas is accurately controlled through the temperature and humidity control system, and the permeated gas is kept dry, and on the other hand, the suction force and the gas permeation quantity are controlled through the suction control measuring device, so that the test precision can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a use state of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an axial cross-sectional schematic view of a sample container.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic side view of a plexiglass plate.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of an inhalation control measuring device.
Number of drawings:
1-sample container, 11-organic glass cylinder, 111-pressure measuring port, 12-organic glass plate and 121-air hole;
2-temperature and humidity control system, 21-cold dryer, 22-dryer, 23-spiral glass tube;
3-air suction control measuring device, 31-cylinder head, 32-cylinder body, 33-plunger, 34-driving mechanism, 341-screw rod, 342-bearing seat, 343-motor, 35-connector, 36-air release valve, 37-sealing ring, 38-displacement sensor and 39-rotating speed sensor;
4, a pressure measuring system, 41, a computer and 42, a pressure sensor;
5, an environment simulation box;
6-thermometer.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the air permeability test system for unsaturated frozen soil provided in this embodiment includes a sample container 1, a temperature and humidity control system 2, an air suction control measuring device 3, a pressure measuring system 4 and an environment simulation box 5.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the sample container 1 includes a plexiglas cylinder 11 and a plexiglas plate 12; the organic glass cylinder 11 is a cylindrical cylinder body, both ends of the organic glass cylinder are provided with through holes, and the outer wall of the organic glass cylinder is axially provided with a row of pressure measuring ports 111; the organic glass plate 12 is a circular plate, a plurality of air holes 121 are uniformly distributed on the circular plate, the two organic glass plates are axially arranged in the organic glass cylinder 11, a gas buffer zone 13 is formed in a gap area between the organic glass plates and an end plate of the organic glass cylinder, and the area between the two organic glass plates is used for containing a sample. One end of the organic glass cylinder is communicated with the temperature and humidity control system 2, and the other end of the organic glass cylinder is communicated with the air suction control measuring device 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature and humidity control system 2 comprises a cold dryer 21, a dryer 22 and a spiral glass tube 23 which are sequentially communicated along the gas movement direction, wherein the cold dryer 21 is of KV-40AH type, the dryer 22 is of GF-3X type, and the outlet of the spiral glass tube is communicated with a through hole at the air inlet end of the sample container.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the suction control measuring device 3 includes a cylinder head 31, a cylinder body 32, a plunger 33, and a driving mechanism 34; the cylinder head 31 is a cylindrical head, an annular groove is arranged on the inner end surface of the cylinder head, an axial hole and a radial hole which are mutually communicated are arranged in the cylinder head, a joint 35 is arranged at the outer end of the axial hole, the inner end of the axial hole is positioned in the annular groove, and a deflation valve 36 is arranged at the outer end of the radial hole; the cylinder 32 is a cylindrical cylinder, one end of the cylinder is inserted into the annular groove to be fixedly connected, and a sealing ring 37 is embedded into the inner wall of the insertion section to ensure air tightness; the plunger 33 is a T-shaped plunger, the rod portion of which is inserted into the cylinder body, the head portion of which is located outside the cylinder body, and the axial center of which is provided with a threaded hole for assembly with the driving mechanism 34; the driving mechanism 34 comprises a screw rod 341, a bearing seat 342 and a motor 343, one end of the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor through the bearing seat, the other end of the screw rod is connected in a threaded hole of the plunger in a threaded manner, and the motor drives the screw rod to rotate so that the plunger screw rod axially moves; meanwhile, in order to facilitate the measurement of the stroke of the plunger, a displacement sensor 38 is arranged outside the cylinder body, a movable electric brush of the displacement sensor is connected with the plunger, and the displacement of the plunger is accurately measured. A rotation speed sensor 39 is arranged outside the motor for controlling the suction force. When the device is used, the air suction control measuring device 3 is communicated with the through hole at the other end of the sample container, the air release valve 36 is closed, the motor drives the screw rod to rotate so as to enable the plunger to move along the axial direction, negative pressure is formed in the cylinder body to suck air, the air suction quantity can be measured through the stroke of the plunger, and the air suction force can be adjusted through the rotating speed of the motor; after the inspiration is completed, the air pressure at various locations in the system is measured by the pressure measurement system 4.
The pressure measuring system 4 comprises a computer 41 and a plurality of pressure sensors 42, one pressure sensor is arranged on an air inlet pipeline between the spiral glass tube 23 and the sample container, the other pressure sensor is arranged on an air outlet pipeline between the sample container and the air suction control measuring device 3, the other pressure sensors are respectively arranged at pressure measuring ports corresponding to the sample container, and each pressure sensor is respectively connected to the computer.
As shown in fig. 1, the environment simulation box 5 is a constant temperature refrigeration incubator, the incubator body is filled with a freezing liquid, the incubator body is wrapped with a heat insulation layer, a spiral glass tube and a sample container are placed in the freezing liquid of the environment simulation box, and a thermometer 6 is inserted into the freezing liquid at two ends of the sample container so as to control the temperature.
The air permeability test of unsaturated frozen soil by using the system is carried out according to the following specific steps:
(1) Drying and screening soil, freezing at low temperature, preparing frozen soil samples with different water contents, and placing the prepared frozen soil samples in a region between two organic glass plates in a sample container;
(2) Setting the temperature of an environment simulation box, containing the refrigerating fluid, and placing the sample container in the refrigerating fluid;
(3) The pressure measuring system is installed, each pressure sensor is arranged at a corresponding pressure measuring position, one pressure sensor is arranged on an air inlet pipeline between the spiral glass tube and the sample container, the other pressure sensor is arranged on an air outlet pipeline between the sample container and the air suction control measuring device, the other pressure sensors are respectively arranged at pressure measuring ports corresponding to the sample container, and each pressure sensor is respectively connected to the computer;
(4) Starting an air suction control measuring device, enabling a motor to work, enabling a plunger to linearly move along the screw rod by rotating the screw rod, forming negative pressure in a cylinder body to suck external air, measuring the stroke of the plunger by a displacement sensor so as to control the amount of sucked air, measuring the rotating speed of the motor by a rotating speed sensor so as to regulate and control the rotating speed, regulating and controlling the moving speed of the plunger, and regulating the suction force; b. simultaneously starting a temperature and humidity control system, wherein a cooling dryer adopts a cooling and condensation working principle to pre-dry compressed air, a dryer dries sucked compressed air, a spiral glass tube carries out secondary cooling on the sucked compressed air, and a thermometer is arranged on an air inlet pipeline between the spiral glass tube and a sample container so as to control the temperature of gas to be consistent with the temperature of a frozen soil sample; the outside air enters the sample container to pass through the frozen soil sample after the temperature and the humidity are regulated by the temperature and humidity control system;
(5) When the variation of the difference value among the pressure sensors tends to be stable, starting measurement;
(6) Obtaining pressure gradient and pressure difference according to the pressure measured by each pressure sensor, measuring and controlling the seepage volume by the inspiration control measuring device, and obtaining the seepage coefficient K according to the Darcy formula a ；
Wherein I is a To drive the pressure gradient of the gas flow, T a The time of the air seepage is A is the sectional area of the sample, L is the length of the sample, and Deltau a Is the difference of the air pressure of the air flow, V a For the velocity of the gas flow, Q a Is the gas permeability.
According to the invention, on one hand, the temperature of the permeated gas is accurately controlled through the temperature and humidity control system and the permeated gas is kept dry, and on the other hand, the suction force and the permeation quantity are controlled through the suction control measuring device, so that the test precision can be improved. Compared with the test device placed in the constant temperature refrigeration incubator, the temperature is directly applied to the sample, so that the occupied space of the test device is saved, the temperature control efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the method has the advantages of high precision, instantaneity and simplicity in operation. The invention simulates the process of gas permeation in the unsaturated frozen soil, and determines the permeability coefficient which is easy to obtain, so that the permeability coefficient can be further obtained, and a theoretical basis is provided for the migration rule of the unsaturated frozen soil pore fluid.
Claims (1)
1. An air permeability test system of unsaturated frozen soil, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a sample container, a temperature and humidity control system, an air suction control measuring device, a pressure measuring system and an environment simulation box, wherein the pressure measuring system comprises a plurality of pressure sensors;
one end of the sample container is an air inlet end, the other end of the sample container is an air exhaust end, and a row of pressure measuring ports are arranged on the container wall along the air flowing direction;
the sample container is arranged in the environment simulation box, the air inlet end is communicated with the temperature control system, the air exhaust end is communicated with the air suction control measuring device, and each pressure measuring port is respectively connected with a corresponding pressure sensor;
the humidity control system comprises a cold dryer, a dryer and a spiral glass tube which are sequentially communicated, and an outlet of the spiral glass tube is communicated with an air hole at the air inlet end of the sample container;
the air suction control measuring device comprises a cylinder head, a cylinder body, a plunger and a driving mechanism, wherein the cylinder head is connected with the air inlet end of the cylinder body, the inner end of the plunger is assembled in the cylinder body, and the outer end of the plunger is connected with the driving mechanism; the driving mechanism drives the plunger to move along the cylinder body to form negative pressure so as to suck air;
the cylinder head is a cylindrical head, an annular groove is formed in the inner end face of the cylinder head, an axial hole and a radial hole which are mutually communicated are formed in the cylinder head, a joint is arranged at the outer end of the axial hole, the inner end of the axial hole is positioned in the annular groove, and a deflation valve is arranged at the outer end of the radial hole; one end of the cylinder body is inserted into the annular groove and fixedly connected with the annular groove, and a sealing ring is arranged on the assembly surface;
a compression ring is arranged at the position of the cylinder body corresponding to the inner end surface of the cylinder head;
a threaded hole is formed in the axial center of the plunger;
the driving mechanism comprises a screw rod, a bearing seat, a motor and a rotating speed sensor, one end of the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor through the bearing seat, the other end of the screw rod is connected in a threaded hole of the plunger in a threaded manner, and the motor drives the screw rod to rotate so that the plunger screw rod axially moves; the rotating speed sensor is arranged outside the motor and used for measuring the rotating speed of the motor;
the cylinder body is provided with a displacement sensor for measuring the stroke of the plunger, a movable electric brush of the displacement sensor is connected with the plunger, and the displacement of the plunger is accurately measured;
the sample container comprises an organic glass cylinder and an organic glass plate, wherein the organic glass cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder, through holes are formed in two ends of the organic glass cylinder, and a row of pressure measuring ports are formed in the outer wall of the organic glass cylinder along the axial direction; the organic glass plates are circular plates, a plurality of air holes are uniformly distributed on the organic glass plates, the two organic glass plates are axially arranged in the organic glass cylinder, so that a gas buffer zone is formed in a gap area between the organic glass plates and an end plate of the organic glass cylinder, and the area between the two organic glass plates is used for containing a sample; the environment simulation box is a constant temperature refrigeration incubator, the environment simulation box is internally filled with refrigerating fluid, the spiral glass tube and the sample container are placed in the refrigerating fluid of the environment simulation box, and the air inlet pipeline between the spiral glass tube and the sample container and the refrigerating fluid at the two ends of the sample container are provided with thermometers so as to control the temperature;
the air permeability test system is used for carrying out air permeability test on unsaturated frozen soil, and the air permeability test method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a frozen soil sample, and placing the frozen soil into a sample container;
(2) Setting the temperature of an environment simulation box, and placing a sample container in the environment simulation box;
(3) Installing a pressure measuring system, and arranging each pressure sensor at a corresponding pressure measuring position;
(4) Starting an air suction control measuring device, sucking external air, regulating the temperature and the humidity of the external air by a temperature and humidity control system, and enabling the external air to enter a sample container and pass through a frozen soil sample;
(5) When the variation of the difference value among the pressure sensors tends to be stable, starting measurement;
(6) Obtaining pressure gradient and pressure difference according to the pressure measured by each pressure sensor, measuring and controlling the seepage volume by the inspiration control measuring device, and obtaining the seepage coefficient K according to the Darcy formula a ：
Wherein I is a To drive the pressure gradient of the gas flow, T a The time of the air seepage is A is the sectional area of the sample, L is the length of the sample, and Deltau a Is the difference of the air pressure of the air flow, V a For the velocity of the gas flow, Q a Is the gas permeability.
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| CN201910068346.8A CN109709020B (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2019-01-24 | Air permeability test system and test method for unsaturated frozen soil |
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| CN201910068346.8A CN109709020B (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2019-01-24 | Air permeability test system and test method for unsaturated frozen soil |
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| CN109709020B true CN109709020B (en) | 2023-11-07 |
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