CN112098252A - Testing device and method for accurately describing ice abrasion degree of concrete - Google Patents
Testing device and method for accurately describing ice abrasion degree of concrete Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device for accurately describing the degree of abrasion of concrete subjected to ice, which comprises a heat preservation box body and a support connected with an ice column, wherein a test piece fixing device is arranged in the heat preservation box body through a bearing, a concrete test piece is positioned on the test piece fixing device, the test piece fixing device is connected with a vertical motor, and the test piece fixing device is driven to rotate by the vertical motor; a cooling device is arranged in the heat preservation box body, and a three-dimensional laser scanning device is arranged in the heat preservation box body. According to the testing device and method for accurately describing the degree of abrasion of the concrete caused by ice, a three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning and shooting the surface of the concrete in the testing process to obtain the real-time condition of surface loss, the data obtained in the test is used for carrying out three-dimensional construction on the surface of the concrete at each moment, and therefore the roughness coefficient of the surface of the concrete at the moment is calculated to represent the degree of abrasion of the concrete caused by ice columns, the operation is simple and convenient, and the simulation accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a testing device and a testing method for accurately describing the ice abrasion degree of concrete, and belongs to the field of concrete.
Background
Concrete is a main building material of large hydraulic structures, and the wear resistance of the concrete needs to reach a specified standard. In practical application, the hydraulic concrete can not only be scoured by river running water, but also be worn by ice blocks in a certain period, especially in cold areas such as the north. The long-time contact friction action of concrete and ice can cause the problems of diseases such as abrasion, stone exposure on the pitted surface and the like on the surface of the concrete, and the safety and the durability of hydraulic buildings are seriously damaged. However, due to the non-uniformity of the concrete surface, ice-concrete interactions are more challenging than many other commonly used research materials. Currently, there are few instruments that can measure the wear of concrete due to long-term ice contact. Accordingly, there is a need to develop standardized laboratory test environments and instruments to accurately simulate, monitor and measure real ice-concrete frictional interactions over time to better understand the effects of ice on the continued wear of hydraulic concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a testing device and a method for accurately describing the degree of abrasion of concrete caused by ice, wherein a three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning and shooting the surface of the concrete in the testing process to obtain the real-time condition of surface loss, and the data obtained in the test is used for carrying out three-dimensional construction on the surface of the concrete at each moment, so that the roughness coefficient of the surface of the concrete at the moment is calculated to represent the degree of abrasion of the concrete caused by ice columns, the operation is simple and convenient, and the simulation accuracy is high.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the testing device for accurately describing the ice abrasion degree of concrete comprises a heat insulation box body and a support connected with an ice column, wherein a test piece fixing device is installed in the heat insulation box body through a bearing, a concrete test piece is located on an installation seat, the installation seat is located on the test piece fixing device, the test piece fixing device is connected with a vertical motor, and the vertical motor drives the test piece fixing device to rotate; a cooling device is arranged in the heat preservation box body, and a three-dimensional laser scanning device is arranged in the heat preservation box body; the outer surface of the mounting seat is provided with a circle of curved groove, the end part of the moving rod is positioned in the curved groove, the moving rod moves along the supporting seat, the tail part of the moving rod is connected with the transmission block, the transmission block is provided with a bidirectional hydraulic piston, and the icicle is connected with the bidirectional hydraulic piston through a support.
Preferably, the vertical motor is connected with the test piece fixing device through a vertical transmission shaft, the test piece fixing device comprises a rotating table and a test piece fixing plate, the test piece fixing plate is installed on the rotating table, the bottom of the installation seat is connected with the test piece fixing plate, the rotating table is installed at the bottom of the heat preservation box body through a bearing, a jacking support frame is arranged at the top of the concrete test piece, and the jacking support frame is fixed on the heat preservation box body.
Preferably, a pressure sensor is arranged between the bidirectional hydraulic piston and the icicle.
Preferably, the cooling device comprises a compression motor and a condenser pipe, the compression gold is connected with the condenser pipe, and the temperature in the heat insulation box is reduced through the condenser pipe.
Preferably, the side of the test piece fixing plate is provided with a threaded hole, a locking bolt is installed in the threaded hole, and the head of the locking bolt abuts against the concrete test piece.
Preferably, the bottom of the heat preservation box body is provided with a hole for draining water, and a drain valve is arranged on the hole.
The testing method of the testing device for accurately describing the degree of abrasion of the concrete by the ice comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a test piece, wherein the concrete test piece is cylindrical, two end faces of the concrete test piece are required to be polished to be flat, structural glue is uniformly coated on the bottom end face of the concrete test piece and is bonded with a test piece fixing plate, and the dry weight of the test piece is measured under a dry condition after the glue is cured;
step 2: adjusting the temperature of the test environment, and starting a cooling device to enable the internal environment of the heat preservation box body of the device to be within the temperature range of target setting 0-5 ℃;
and step 3: installing a test piece, connecting a test piece fixing plate bonded at the bottom of the test piece with a rotary table through a bolt, checking that the axis of the concrete test piece is superposed with the axis of the rotary table, and screwing the test piece to press a support frame to ensure that the test piece is completely fixed on the rotary table and rotates around the axis;
and 4, step 4: installing an icicle, placing a cylindrical icicle with a certain length in a sleeve of a icicle support frame, enabling one end, close to a concrete test piece, of the cylindrical icicle to be completely attached to the surface of concrete, then connecting two sides of the icicle support frame through four bolts to enable the icicle to be fixed in the sleeve of the icicle support frame, and then controlling a pressure device of a bidirectional hydraulic piston to enable the end face of a pressure rod to be close to the end face of the icicle until the reading of a pressure sensor is not zero;
and 5: checking whether the contact of the whole device is good and whether the device is installed correctly, closing a cabin door of the heat preservation box body, opening a drain valve, controlling a bidirectional hydraulic piston device to enable the pressure applied to the surface of the concrete sample by the icicle to reach a preset value, opening a three-dimensional laser scanner, and adjusting a photographing angle and an aperture to enable the surface of the sample to be imaged clearly;
step 6: the power supply of the motor is turned on, the rotating speed of the motor is adjusted to be a set value, so that the concrete test piece keeps rotating at a certain angular speed, the icicle also moves up and down in the mounting seat along with the piston transmission block at a certain frequency in a reciprocating mode, the icicle and the side surface of the concrete generate relative motion, and the pressure between the icicle and the concrete test piece can be guaranteed to be kept unchanged in the test process through the bidirectional hydraulic piston along with the friction loss of the icicle;
and 7: in the test process, the consumption condition of the ice sample can be observed through an observation window made of transparent organic glass, when the ice sample is completely consumed soon, the motor can be turned off to stop the test, and the 4-6 steps are repeated to replace the ice sample for the test;
and 8: after the test is finished, the motor and the refrigerating system are closed, the bidirectional hydraulic piston is controlled to enable the icicle to be separated from the surface of the concrete test block, and the test block is unscrewed to prop against the supporting frame to take out the concrete test block;
and step 9: drying the taken out test piece, weighing the mass of the concrete after abrasion, and defining the ratio of the difference value of the initial concrete mass and the concrete mass after abrasion to the initial mass as the concrete abrasion rate so as to judge the abrasion condition of the concrete test piece under the frictional coupling action with the icicles;
step 10: and deriving three-dimensional laser scanning data, establishing a three-dimensional model of the concrete surface, and establishing a functional relation between the roughness coefficient of the concrete sample surface corresponding to each moment and time by calculating the roughness coefficient, so as to research the relation between the concrete wear degree and the time.
In the invention, the instrument supporting frame is in a two-layer structure, and universal wheels are arranged at four corners of the lower part of the instrument supporting frame so as to facilitate the movement of the instrument supporting frame. The first layer is mainly provided with a power device and a compressor, and the power device comprises a variable frequency speed regulating motor, a vertical transmission shaft and a transmission shaft support frame, so that the concrete test piece and the icicle can generate relative friction motion in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. The compressor is the main structural component of the device refrigerating system, and the environmental temperature control in the test process is realized.
The second layer is a test operation area which comprises various measurement observation instruments and test piece test equipment, and a three-dimensional laser scanner, a rotating platform, a bidirectional hydraulic piston, an icicle supporting frame, a mounting seat and the like are mainly installed in the area. The used concrete test piece is clamped and fixed between the rotating table and the test piece jacking support frame through the test piece fixing plate, the motor drives the rotating table to rotate circumferentially around the axis through the vertical transmission shaft, and therefore the surface of the concrete test piece fixed on the rotating table can generate relative friction motion with the icicle.
The icicle used in the test is fixed at the end part of the bidirectional hydraulic piston through a icicle support frame, the diameter of the icicle is matched with the piston compression bar, and a pressure sensor is arranged between the piston compression bar and the end part of the icicle to monitor the pressure between the icicle and the surface of the concrete test piece. And the hydraulic pressure of the bidirectional hydraulic piston can be controlled through the pressure sensor, so that the pressure between the icicle and the concrete test piece can be stably controlled in the test process.
In order to realize the control of the environmental temperature in the test and ensure the integrity of the icicle, a whole set of refrigerating system is arranged in the device. The refrigerating system consists of a compressor and condenser pipes, and the condenser pipes are uniformly distributed on the back side wall of the second layer of box body, so that the temperature of the whole box body space is stabilized in a proper range. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the cold air of the box body is not diffused to the external environment, heat-insulating construction measures need to be arranged on the peripheral structure of the test space, and the device adopts a double-layer hollow heat-insulating partition plate to enclose the whole test space. But for comparatively convenient installation concrete sample and icicle in the experiment, be equipped with open and shut hatch door in insulation box body positive side, set up the handle on the hatch door. And in order to observe the states of the icicle and the concrete test piece in the test process at the outside moment, the opening design is carried out at the middle position of the cabin door by a tester, and the heat-insulating partition plate is replaced by a double-layer transparent organic glass partition plate material. Meanwhile, a cavity is formed in the second-layer bottom plate of the device, and a drain valve is installed, so that water generated in the box body in the ice column abrasion and melting process can be conveniently drained.
The three-dimensional laser scanner is a measuring instrument in the device, is arranged on the right side in a box body of a testing device, is opposite to the measuring surface of a concrete test piece, and is mainly used for measuring the abrasion degree of concrete and icicles in relative movement in the testing process. The main principle is that a three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning and shooting the concrete surface in the test process to obtain the real-time condition of surface loss, and the data obtained in the test is used for three-dimensionally constructing the concrete surface at each moment, so that the roughness coefficient of the concrete surface at the moment is calculated to represent the degree of the concrete subjected to icicle abrasion.
According to the invention, the concrete test piece is a cylindrical test piece, the bottom of the test piece is coated with the structural adhesive and is bonded with the test piece fixing plate into a whole, and the shearing resistance of the cured structural adhesive needs to meet the shearing force condition applied in the test. The test piece fixing plate is a cylindrical steel plate, the surface of the test piece fixing plate is smooth, the diameter of the test piece fixing plate is slightly larger than that of a concrete test piece, and a threaded circular groove hole with the diameter of 2 cm is formed in the circle center position. The variable-frequency speed-regulating motor transmits power to the rotating platform through the vertical transmission shaft to drive the rotating platform to rotate, and the variable-frequency speed-regulating motor can realize regulation of various rotating speeds. The revolving stage bottom is equipped with the bearing and installs frame attach, can carry out level and smooth rotation to its upper surface centre of a circle department leaves the nut that the diameter is 2 centimetres, thereby makes the test piece fixed plate can pass through bolt effect zonulae occludens with the revolving stage and drive the test piece and rotate. The round steel plate and the test piece upper surface contact are arranged above the test piece upper surface, the round steel plate vertically moves up and down through the external rotating shaft to enable the round steel plate to be compacted and fixed, the test piece is fixedly supported, and the test piece is prevented from falling off and inclining in the high-speed rotating process. The sliding block is rigidly connected with the bidirectional hydraulic piston module, so that the bidirectional hydraulic piston realizes a motion mode in the vertical direction. And four pulley blocks are arranged between the sliding block and the mounting seat to be connected. Folding rubber sleeves are packaged on the inner side and the outer side of the movable groove to achieve the sealing and heat-insulating effects of the heat-insulating box body. The compressor is connected with a condenser pipe distributed on the rear side surface of the box body and used for controlling the temperature in the heat preservation box body to be at a lower temperature value.
According to the device, the periphery of the heat preservation box body is surrounded by the heat preservation partition plates, the front side of the heat preservation box body is provided with a cabin door convenient for a test piece to be installed and placed, the middle part of the cabin door is provided with a hole, and the double-layer transparent organic glass material is used for sealing and filling, so that the test piece and the icicle condition can be observed conveniently from the outside of the device. The bidirectional hydraulic piston can realize the bidirectional movement of the piston pressure rod through a hydraulic device, and can stably control the pressure. The piston compression bar controls the icicle to contact with the surface of the concrete test piece by applying an acting force, and a pressure sensor is arranged between the piston compression bar and the icicle and can record the magnitude of a pressure value in real time. The icicle support frame is used for fixedly supporting icicles to be connected with a pressure rod of a bidirectional hydraulic piston, is integrally of a hollow cylindrical structure, and is divided into two independent parts along an axis to be connected through four bolts at two ends. The first half part of the icicle support frame, which is close to the concrete sample, adopts a hollow design, so that the abrasion condition of the icicle in the test process is conveniently observed, and the icicle support frame is convenient to replace in time. The three-dimensional laser scanner is installed on the right flank of insulation box and just faces the concrete sample surface, and the wearing and tearing condition on concrete surface can effectively be observed to its precision to be equipped with light module and make the concrete image clearly under the low light condition. The bottom of the heat preservation box body of the device is provided with a hole for draining water, and a drain valve is arranged, so that ice water can be conveniently discharged in the test process.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a testing device for accurately describing the ice abrasion resistance degree of concrete aiming at the requirement of a cold environment region on the ice abrasion resistance of hydraulic concrete. The device utilizes synchronous speed regulating motor as the power supply, has realized that concrete sample surface and icicle can take place two-dimentional relative movement to utilize refrigerating system and insulation can to realize the stability of experimental ambient temperature, simulated actual conditions comparatively really. The relative movement speed and the contact force of the concrete test piece and the icicle can be changed by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor and the bidirectional hydraulic piston, the test variable is enriched, and the device is diversified in function. The invention also provides an evaluation system for quantifying the concrete surface ice erosion degree by using a high-precision three-dimensional scanner according to the actual experimental effect, and provides a method for quantifying the abrasion degree by using numerical indexes such as concrete surface roughness and final test piece quality loss at each moment. The invention realizes the indoor test simulation of the ice abrasion action of the concrete under the real condition, the whole device is controlled in a semi-automatic way, the test method is simple and convenient, and the difficult problem that the long-time real ice-concrete friction interaction is difficult to accurately simulate, monitor and measure is effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention without a housing.
In the figure: the device comprises an instrument supporting frame 1, a heat preservation box body 2, a vertical transmission shaft 5, a motor 6, a mounting seat 7, a condensation pipe 8, a three-dimensional laser scanner 9, a rotating platform 10, a groove 11, a test piece jacking support frame 12, a bidirectional hydraulic piston 13, an icicle support frame 14, a moving rod 15, a support seat 16, a concrete test piece 17 and a heat preservation partition plate 18.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the testing device for accurately describing the degree of abrasion of concrete by ice comprises a heat preservation box body 2 and a bracket connected with an ice column, wherein a test piece fixing device is installed in the heat preservation box body 2 through a bearing, a concrete test piece is positioned on the test piece fixing device, the test piece fixing device is connected with a vertical motor, the vertical motor is preferably a variable-frequency speed-regulating motor 6, and the vertical motor drives the test piece fixing device to rotate; a cooling device is arranged in the heat preservation box body 2, and a three-dimensional laser scanning device 9 is arranged in the heat preservation box body. The heat preservation box body 2 is positioned on the instrument supporting frame 1, the instrument supporting frame 1 is of an upper-layer structure and a lower-layer structure, and universal wheels are mounted at four corners of the lower portion of the heat preservation box body to facilitate movement of the device. The first layer is mainly provided with a power device and a compressor, and the power device comprises a variable frequency speed regulating motor 6, a vertical transmission shaft 5 and a moving rod 15, so that the concrete sample and the icicles can generate relative friction motion in vertical and horizontal directions on the whole effect. The compressor is the main structural component of the device refrigerating system, and the environmental temperature control in the test process is realized.
The second layer is a test operation area which comprises various measurement observation instruments and test pieces and test equipment, and the area is mainly provided with a three-dimensional laser scanner 9, a rotating platform 10, a bidirectional hydraulic piston 13, an icicle supporting frame 14, a mounting seat 16 and the like. The used concrete test piece is clamped and fixed between the rotating platform 10 and the test piece jacking support frame 12 through the mounting seat and the test piece fixing plate 11, the motor 6 drives the rotating platform 10 to rotate around the axis through the vertical transmission shaft 5, and therefore the surface of the concrete test piece fixed on the rotating platform 10 can generate relative friction motion with the icicle. Be equipped with the curve recess on mount pad 7, the tip of carriage release lever is located the curve recess, and through the rotation of mount pad 7, drive carriage release lever 15 reciprocates along the curve recess to drive two-way hydraulic piston through the transmission piece and reciprocate, drive icicle and reciprocate along concrete test piece.
The icicle used in the test is fixed at the end part of a bidirectional hydraulic piston 13 through a icicle support frame 14, the diameter of the icicle is matched with that of a piston compression bar, and a pressure sensor is arranged between the piston compression bar and the end part of the icicle to monitor the pressure between the icicle and the surface of a concrete test piece. And the hydraulic pressure of the bidirectional hydraulic piston 13 can be controlled through the pressure sensor, so that the pressure between the icicle and the concrete sample can be stably controlled in the test process.
In order to realize the control of the environmental temperature in the test and ensure the integrity of the icicle, a whole set of refrigerating system is arranged in the device. The refrigerating system consists of a compressor and a condenser pipe 8, and the condenser pipe 8 is uniformly distributed on the back side wall of the second layer of box body 2, so that the temperature of the whole box body space is stabilized in a proper range. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the cold air of the box body 2 is not diffused to the external environment, a heat-insulating construction measure needs to be arranged on the peripheral structure of the test space, and the device adopts the installation of the double-layer hollow heat-insulating partition plate 18 to enclose the whole test space. But in order to install the concrete sample and the icicle more conveniently in the test, the front side of the heat preservation box body 2 is provided with an openable cabin door, and the cabin door is provided with a handle. And in order to observe the states of the icicle and the concrete test piece in the test process at the outside moment, the opening design is carried out at the middle position of the cabin door by a tester, and the heat-insulating partition plate is replaced by a double-layer transparent organic glass partition plate material. Meanwhile, a cavity is formed in the second-layer bottom plate of the device, and a drain valve is installed, so that water generated in the box body in the ice column abrasion and melting process can be conveniently drained.
The three-dimensional laser scanner 9 is a measuring instrument in the device, is arranged on the right side inside the box body 2 of the testing device, is opposite to the measuring surface of the concrete sample, and is mainly used for measuring the abrasion degree of the concrete and the icicle in the relative movement in the testing process. The main principle is that a three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning and shooting the concrete surface in the test process to obtain the real-time condition of surface loss, and the data obtained in the test is used for three-dimensionally constructing the concrete surface at each moment, so that the roughness coefficient of the concrete surface at the moment is calculated to represent the degree of the concrete subjected to icicle abrasion.
In order to further better use the function and the method of the concrete ice wear testing device suitable for indoor use, the invention also describes a measuring method of the device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a test piece, wherein the concrete test piece is cylindrical, two end faces of the concrete test piece are required to be polished to be flat, structural glue is uniformly coated on the bottom end face of the concrete test piece and is bonded with the test piece fixing plate 11, and the dry weight of the test piece is measured under the dry condition after the glue is cured;
step 2: adjusting the temperature of the test environment, and starting a refrigerating device to enable the internal environment of a heat preservation box body of the device to be within the temperature range of target setting 0-5 ℃;
and step 3: installing a test piece, connecting a test piece fixing plate 11 bonded at the bottom of the test piece with a rotary table 10 through a bolt, checking that the axis of the concrete test piece is superposed with the axis of the rotary table, and screwing the test piece to press a support frame 12 to ensure that the test piece is completely fixed on the rotary table 10 and rotates around the axis;
and 4, step 4: the icicle is installed, the cylindrical icicle with a certain length is placed in the sleeve of the icicle support frame 14, one end, close to the concrete test piece, of the cylindrical icicle is completely attached to the surface of the concrete, and then the two sides of the icicle support frame are connected through four bolts to enable the icicle to be fixed in the sleeve of the icicle support frame. And then controlling a pressure device of the bidirectional hydraulic piston 13 to enable the end face of the pressure rod to approach to the end face of the icicle until the reading of the pressure sensor is not zero.
And 5: checking whether the contact of the whole device is good and whether the device is installed correctly, closing a cabin door of the heat preservation box body 2, opening a drain valve, controlling a bidirectional hydraulic piston device 13 to enable the pressure applied to the surface of the concrete sample by the icicle to reach a preset value, opening a three-dimensional laser scanner 9, and adjusting a photographing angle and an aperture to enable the surface of the sample to be imaged clearly;
step 6: turning on a power supply of a variable frequency speed regulating motor 6, regulating the rotating speed of the motor to be a set value, enabling a concrete sample to keep a certain angular speed to rotate, enabling the icicle to follow up-and-down reciprocating motion of a moving rod 15 in a mounting seat 16 at a certain frequency, enabling the icicle and the side surface of the concrete to generate relative motion, and enabling the pressure between the icicle and the concrete sample to be kept unchanged in the test process through a bidirectional hydraulic piston 13 along with the friction loss of the icicle;
and 7: in the test process, the consumption condition of the ice sample can be observed through an observation window made of transparent organic glass, when the ice sample is completely consumed soon, the variable-frequency speed-regulating motor 6 can be closed to stop the test, and the test is carried out by repeating the steps of 4-6 and replacing the ice sample;
and 8: after the test is finished, the variable-frequency speed regulating motor 6 and the refrigerating system are closed, the bidirectional hydraulic piston 13 is controlled to enable the icicle to be separated from the surface of the concrete test block, and the test block is unscrewed to press the support frame 12 to take out the concrete test block;
and step 9: drying the taken out test piece, weighing the mass of the concrete after abrasion, and defining the ratio of the difference value of the initial concrete mass and the concrete mass after abrasion to the initial mass as the concrete abrasion rate so as to judge the abrasion condition of the concrete test piece under the frictional coupling action with the icicles;
step 10: and deriving three-dimensional laser scanning data, establishing a three-dimensional model of the concrete surface, and establishing a functional relation between the roughness coefficient of the concrete sample surface corresponding to each moment and time by calculating the roughness coefficient, so as to research the relation between the concrete wear degree and the time.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A testing device for accurately describing the degree of abrasion of concrete caused by ice is characterized in that: the device comprises a heat insulation box body and a support connected with an icicle, wherein a test piece fixing device is arranged in the heat insulation box body through a bearing, a concrete test piece is positioned on a mounting seat, the mounting seat is positioned on the test piece fixing device, the test piece fixing device is connected with a vertical motor, and the vertical motor drives the test piece fixing device to rotate; a cooling device is arranged in the heat preservation box body, and a three-dimensional laser scanning device is arranged in the heat preservation box body; the outer surface of the mounting seat is provided with a circle of curved groove, the end part of the moving rod is positioned in the curved groove, the moving rod moves along the supporting seat, the tail part of the moving rod is connected with the transmission block, the transmission block is provided with a bidirectional hydraulic piston, and the icicle is connected with the bidirectional hydraulic piston through a support.
2. The test device for accurately describing the degree of ice erosion of concrete according to claim 1, wherein: perpendicular motor passes through perpendicular transmission shaft and is connected with test piece fixing device, test piece fixing device contains revolving stage and test piece fixed plate, and the test piece fixed plate is installed on the revolving stage, and the bottom and the test piece fixed plate of mount pad are connected, and the revolving stage passes through the bearing and installs the bottom at insulation box, and the top of concrete test piece is equipped with the roof pressure support frame, and the roof pressure support frame is fixed on insulation box.
3. The test device for accurately describing the degree of ice erosion of concrete according to claim 1, wherein: and a pressure sensor is arranged between the bidirectional hydraulic piston and the icicle.
4. The test device for accurately describing the degree of ice erosion of concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling device comprises a compression motor and a condenser pipe, wherein the compression gold is connected with the condenser pipe, and the temperature in the insulation can is reduced through the condenser pipe.
5. The test device for accurately describing the degree of ice erosion of concrete according to claim 2, wherein: and a threaded hole is formed in the side surface of the test piece fixing plate, a locking bolt is arranged in the threaded hole, and the head of the locking bolt abuts against the concrete test piece.
6. The test device for accurately describing the degree of ice erosion of concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the heat preservation box body is provided with a hole for draining water, and a drain valve is arranged on the hole.
7. A test method for accurately describing the degree of ice erosion of concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing a test piece, wherein the concrete test piece is cylindrical, two end faces of the concrete test piece are required to be polished to be flat, structural glue is uniformly coated on the bottom end face of the concrete test piece and is bonded with a test piece fixing plate, and the dry weight of the test piece is measured under a dry condition after the glue is cured;
step 2: adjusting the temperature of the test environment, and starting a cooling device to enable the internal environment of the heat preservation box body of the device to be within the temperature range of target setting 0-5 ℃;
and step 3: mounting a test piece, connecting a test piece mounting seat and a test piece fixing plate which are bonded at the bottom of the test piece with a rotating table through bolts, checking that the axis of the concrete test piece is superposed with the axis of the rotating table, and screwing the test piece to press a supporting frame to ensure that the test piece is completely fixed on the rotating table to rotate around the axis;
and 4, step 4: installing an icicle, placing a cylindrical icicle with a certain length in a sleeve of a icicle support frame, enabling one end, close to a concrete test piece, of the cylindrical icicle to be completely attached to the surface of concrete, then connecting two sides of the icicle support frame through four bolts to enable the icicle to be fixed in the sleeve of the icicle support frame, and then controlling a pressure device of a bidirectional hydraulic piston to enable the end face of a pressure rod to be close to the end face of the icicle until the reading of a pressure sensor is not zero;
and 5: checking whether the contact of the whole device is good and whether the device is installed correctly, closing a cabin door of the heat preservation box body, opening a drain valve, controlling a bidirectional hydraulic piston device to enable the pressure applied to the surface of the concrete sample by the icicle to reach a preset value, opening a three-dimensional laser scanner, and adjusting a photographing angle and an aperture to enable the surface of the sample to be imaged clearly;
step 6: the power supply of the motor is turned on, the rotating speed of the motor is adjusted to be a set value, so that the concrete test piece keeps rotating at a certain angular speed, the icicle also moves up and down in the mounting seat along with the piston transmission block at a certain frequency in a reciprocating mode, the icicle and the side surface of the concrete generate relative motion, and the pressure between the icicle and the concrete test piece can be guaranteed to be kept unchanged in the test process through the bidirectional hydraulic piston along with the friction loss of the icicle;
and 7: in the test process, the consumption condition of the ice sample can be observed through an observation window made of transparent organic glass, when the ice sample is completely consumed soon, the motor can be turned off to stop the test, and the 4-6 steps are repeated to replace the ice sample for the test;
and 8: after the test is finished, the motor and the refrigerating system are closed, the bidirectional hydraulic piston is controlled to enable the icicle to be separated from the surface of the concrete test block, and the test block is unscrewed to prop against the supporting frame to take out the concrete test block;
and step 9: drying the taken out test piece, weighing the mass of the concrete after abrasion, and defining the ratio of the difference value of the initial concrete mass and the concrete mass after abrasion to the initial mass as the concrete abrasion rate so as to judge the abrasion condition of the concrete test piece under the frictional coupling action with the icicles;
step 10: and deriving three-dimensional laser scanning data, establishing a three-dimensional model of the concrete surface, and establishing a functional relation between the roughness coefficient of the concrete sample surface corresponding to each moment and time by calculating the roughness coefficient, so as to research the relation between the concrete wear degree and the time.
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