CN109708742B - Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on feature extraction and control method thereof - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on feature extraction and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109708742B CN109708742B CN201811609794.6A CN201811609794A CN109708742B CN 109708742 B CN109708742 B CN 109708742B CN 201811609794 A CN201811609794 A CN 201811609794A CN 109708742 B CN109708742 B CN 109708742B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on feature extraction, which comprises a signal control and extraction module, 2 multiplied by 2 couplers, 2 delay optical fibers, 3 1 multiplied by 2 mechanical optical switches, a time sequence control module, a three-port optical fiber circulator and a sensing optical path. The system can realize switching of different optical paths by controlling the switch time sequence of the mechanical optical switch, and realizes extraction of vibration signals based on a signal characteristic extraction method. The invention also discloses a control method of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on the feature extraction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing and sensing networks, and particularly relates to a distributed optical fiber sensing system.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy, the demands of national large-scale infrastructures, boundary lines, national defense key facilities, civil houses and the like on the perimeter security system are urgent and higher. Various security and protection technical means are widely applied. In some important areas, such as airports, military bases, governments, industrial parks, prisons, bank vaults, museums, power plants, oil depots, schools, etc., in order to prevent illegal intrusion and various destructive activities, traditional precautions are usually taken in combination of "civil defense and defense". For many years, traditional peripheral security system solutions (infrared point-to-point correlation scheme, video monitoring scheme, leakage cable scheme, vibration cable scheme, microwave correlation scheme, electronic fence, power grid and the like) make contribution to social security guarantee, but are limited by factors such as objective technical conditions and the like, and have some defects.
The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system senses external vibration change by backscattering signals of optical signals in optical fibers. Since the phase, intensity, and polarization state of light propagating in the fiber are affected by the physical fields, e.g., temperature, pressure, vibration, etc., measured along the fiber, these physical quantities can be recovered by detecting the parameters of the light. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology can continuously sense and position the physical quantity measured along the optical fiber in real time. Among the existing technologies, the distributed vibration sensing system has the performances of long distance, interference resistance, continuous sensing of external information, monitoring and intrusion identification and the like, and sensing signal transmission and networking are realized through a control technology, so that the distributed vibration sensing system is obvious. However, a series of problems are faced in the process of applying the system to the engineering site, and higher requirements are made on performance indexes such as precision, sensing distance, false alarm rate and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on feature extraction and a control method thereof, which can realize switching of different optical paths by controlling the switch time sequence of a mechanical optical switch and realize extraction of vibration signals based on a signal feature extraction method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on feature extraction comprises a signal control and extraction module, 2 multiplied by 2 couplers, 2 delay optical fibers, 3 multiplied by 2 mechanical optical switches, a time sequence control module, a three-port optical fiber circulator and a sensing light path, wherein the output end of a trigger signal of the signal control and extraction module is connected with the input end of the time sequence control module, and the time sequence control module controls the 3 multiplied by 2 mechanical optical switches according to the trigger signal sent by the signal control and extraction module; the optical signal output end of the signal control and extraction module is respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the first coupler, the first output end of the first coupler is connected with the fixed port of the second mechanical optical switch through the first time-delay optical fiber, the second movable end of the second mechanical optical switch is connected with the second movable end of the third mechanical optical switch, and the first movable end of the second mechanical optical switch is connected with the second output end of the second coupler; the first movable end of the third mechanical optical switch is connected with the second movable end of the first mechanical optical switch, the fixed port of the third mechanical optical switch is connected with the input end of the three-port optical fiber circulator through the second delay optical fiber, the first output end of the three-port optical fiber circulator is connected with the sensing light path, the second output end of the three-port optical fiber circulator is connected with the input end of the second coupler, the first output end of the second coupler is connected with the first movable end of the first mechanical optical switch, and the fixed port of the first mechanical optical switch is connected with the second output end of the first coupler.
The length of the second delay optical fiber is larger than that of the first delay optical fiber.
The signal control and extraction module comprises a light source pulse control module, a pulse light source, a photoelectric conversion module, an AD conversion module, a characteristic extraction and vibration positioning module and a user interaction display module, wherein the light source pulse control module periodically sends out an electric pulse signal to drive the pulse light source to provide a pulse light signal into a light path; the photoelectric conversion module receives a backscattering signal returned from the light path, converts the backscattering signal into an electric signal, sends the electric signal into the AD conversion module to be converted into a digital signal, and then simultaneously sends the digital signal into the user interaction display module and the feature extraction and vibration positioning module to perform real-time waveform display and feature extraction and positioning of vibration invasion.
Based on the control method of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on the feature extraction, the light source pulse control module sends out a pulse trigger signal at the moment of kT and respectively sends the pulse trigger signal to the pulse light source and the time sequence control module, and k is an integer;
the pulse light source sends out an optical signal with a fixed pulse width after receiving the trigger signal, the optical signal enters the first coupler and then is divided into two parts, one part enters the first delay optical fiber and then enters the second mechanical optical switch, and the other part directly enters the first mechanical optical switch;
and after receiving the synchronous trigger signal sent by the light source pulse control module at the kT moment, the time sequence control module respectively sends out control signals of 3 mechanical optical switches so as to control the on-off of the 3 mechanical optical switches.
The switching sequence of the 3 mechanical optical switches is:
during kT-kT + t1, the fixed port and the second movable end of the first mechanical optical switch are directly connected, the fixed port and the second movable end of the second mechanical optical switch are directly connected, and the first movable end and the fixed port of the third mechanical optical switch are directly connected;
during a kT + t 1-kT + t2 period, a fixed port and a first movable end of a first mechanical optical switch are directly connected, a fixed port and a second movable end of a second mechanical optical switch are directly connected, and a second movable end and a fixed port of a third mechanical optical switch are directly connected;
during a period from kT + t2 to kT + t3, a fixed port and a first movable end of a first mechanical optical switch are in direct connection, a fixed port and a first movable end of a second mechanical optical switch are in direct connection, and a fixed port and a first/second movable end of a third mechanical optical switch are in direct connection.
After the scheme is adopted, the improvement of the invention is as follows:
(1) the invention adopts the broadband SLED as the system light source, compared with the current popular phi-OTDR scheme, the system cost is greatly reduced;
(2) the invention combines three mechanical optical switches with a three-port optical fiber circulator, skillfully couples two beams of light into one sensing optical fiber by continuously changing the switching time sequence of the mechanical optical switches, and avoids the 3db loss caused by using a coupler for coupling;
(3) compared with the traditional sagnac interference scheme based on Rayleigh scattering, the positioning precision and the spatial resolution are ensured, and meanwhile, the theoretical spatial dynamic range and the sensitivity of the method can be expanded to 2 times of those of the traditional scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a signal control and extraction module according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a signal flow diagram.
Detailed Description
The technical solution and the advantages of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a low-loss high-sensitivity distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on feature extraction, including: signal control and extraction module, 2 × 2 couplers; 2 delay optical fibers; 3 1 × 2 mechanical optical switches; a timing control module; a three-port fiber optic circulator; and a sensing optical path; the trigger signal output end of the signal control and extraction module is connected with the input end of the time sequence control module, and the time sequence control module controls 3 1 × 2 mechanical optical switches according to the trigger signal sent by the signal control and extraction module; the optical signal output end of the signal control and extraction module is connected with the first input end of the coupler 1, the first output end of the coupler 1 is connected with the fixed port of the mechanical optical switch 2 through the delay optical fiber 1, the first movable end of the mechanical optical switch 2 is connected with the first movable end of the mechanical optical switch 3, and the second movable end of the mechanical optical switch 2 is connected with the second output end of the coupler 2; the second movable end of the mechanical optical switch 3 is connected with the first movable end of the mechanical optical switch 1, the fixed port of the mechanical optical switch 3 is connected with the input end of the three-port optical fiber circulator through the delay optical fiber 2, the port 2 of the three-port optical fiber circulator is connected with the sensing optical path, the port 3 of the three-port optical fiber circulator is connected with the input end of the coupler 2, the first output end of the coupler 2 is connected with the second movable end of the mechanical optical switch 1, the fixed port of the mechanical optical switch 1 is connected with the second input end of the coupler 1, and the second output end of the coupler 1 is connected with the signal control and extraction module.
In this embodiment, the pulse signal emitted from the light source is divided into two parts with equal power after passing through the coupler 1, then sequentially passes through the 1 × 2 mechanical optical switch 3 at a certain interval, and finally sequentially enters the circulator. To ensure that the slower portion of the light passes through the 1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 3 exactly completely, no back rayleigh scattered light enters the 1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 1 and the 1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 2 in the entire light path. Therefore, the length of the delay fiber 2 must be greater than that of the delay fiber 1 to ensure the interference condition of light.
As shown in fig. 2, the internal structure of the signal control and extraction module includes: a light source pulse control module; a pulsed light source; a photoelectric conversion module; an AD conversion module; a feature extraction and vibration positioning module; and a user interaction display module. The light source pulse control module periodically sends out an electric pulse signal and controls the pulse light source to synchronously send out periodic light pulses to the light path for sensing; then, the backward Rayleigh scattering signal returned from the optical path enters a photoelectric conversion module to be converted into an electric signal; next, the electrical signals are converted into digital signals in the AD conversion module, and then sent to the user interaction display module and the feature extraction and vibration positioning module simultaneously to perform real-time waveform display and feature extraction and positioning of vibration intrusion, specifically, the feature extraction and vibration positioning module is used to classify the signals according to their features, find disturbance points and position them, and the user interaction display module is used to provide a visual interface for the user and set system parameters, such as pulse width and sampling rate.
The specific working process is as follows: the light source pulse control module sends out a pulse trigger signal at the moment of kT (k is an integer), and the pulse trigger signal is respectively sent to the pulse light source and the time sequence control module.
The pulse light source sends out an optical signal with fixed pulse width after receiving the trigger signal, the optical signal is divided into two parts after entering the coupler 1, one part enters the delay optical fiber 1 and then enters the port 1 of the mechanical optical switch 2, and the other part directly enters the port 1 of the mechanical optical switch 1.
And after receiving the synchronous trigger signal sent by the light source pulse control module at the kT moment, the time sequence control module respectively sends out control signals of the three mechanical optical switches so as to control the on-off of the three mechanical optical switches.
Under the action of the above control timing sequence, the photoelectric conversion module can finally receive rayleigh scattering signals of 4 different paths, as shown in fig. 3:
1) coupler 1-time delay optical fiber 1-1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 2-1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 3-time delay optical fiber 2-three-port optical fiber circulator-sensing optical path-three-port optical fiber circulator-coupler 2-1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 2-time delay optical fiber 1-coupler 1;
2) coupler 1-time delay optical fiber 1-1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 2-1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 3-time delay optical fiber 2-three-port optical fiber circulator-sensing optical path-three-port optical fiber circulator-coupler 2-1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 1-coupler 1; 3) coupler 1-1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 3-time delay optical fiber 2-three-port optical fiber circulator-sensing optical path-three-port optical fiber circulator-coupler 2-1 x 2 mechanical optical switch 2-time delay optical fiber 1-coupler 1;
4) coupler 1-1 x 2 mechanical photoswitch 3-time delay fiber 2-three-port fiber circulator-sensing optical path-three-port fiber circulator-coupler 2-1 x 2 mechanical photoswitch 1-coupler 1;
in the 4 optical paths, since the optical paths 2 and 3 have the same optical path, the signals of the optical paths 2 and 3 have equal-path interference in the coupler 1. Therefore, the vibration signal in the sensing optical path can be extracted by the signal interference in the optical path 2 and the optical path 3.
Under the action of a mechanical optical switch control signal, in a period of kT-kT + t1, a port 1 and a port 3 of a mechanical optical switch 1 are directly communicated, a port 1 and a port 3 of a mechanical optical switch 2 are directly communicated, and a port 2 and a port 1 of the mechanical optical switch 3 are directly communicated;
during a period from kT + t1 to kT + t2, port 1 and port 2 of the mechanical optical switch 1 are directly connected, port 1 and port 3 of the mechanical optical switch 2 are directly connected, and port 3 and port 1 of the mechanical optical switch 3 are directly connected;
during kT + t 2-kT + t3, port 1 and port 2 of the mechanical optical switch 1 are in direct communication, port 1 and port 2 of the mechanical optical switch 2 are in direct communication, and port 1 and port 2 (or port 3) of the mechanical optical switch 3 are in direct communication.
Under the action of the control time sequence of the mechanical optical switch, the photoelectric conversion module can finally receive Rayleigh scattering signals of 4 different paths, and in the 4 light paths, two light paths generate equal-path interference of light. Therefore, the vibration signal in the sensing optical path can be extracted through signal interference.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on feature extraction is characterized in that: the optical fiber optical switch comprises a signal control and extraction module, 2 multiplied by 2 couplers, 2 delay optical fibers, 3 1 multiplied by 2 mechanical optical switches, a time sequence control module, a three-port optical fiber circulator and a sensing optical path, wherein the output end of a trigger signal of the signal control and extraction module is connected with the input end of the time sequence control module, and the time sequence control module controls the 3 multiplied by 2 mechanical optical switches according to the trigger signal sent by the signal control and extraction module; the optical signal output end of the signal control and extraction module is respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the first coupler, the first output end of the first coupler is connected with the fixed port of the second mechanical optical switch through the first time-delay optical fiber, the second movable end of the second mechanical optical switch is connected with the second movable end of the third mechanical optical switch, and the first movable end of the second mechanical optical switch is connected with the second output end of the second coupler; the first movable end of the third mechanical optical switch is connected with the second movable end of the first mechanical optical switch, the fixed port of the third mechanical optical switch is connected with the input end of the three-port optical fiber circulator through a second delay optical fiber, the first output end of the three-port optical fiber circulator is connected with the sensing light path, the second output end of the three-port optical fiber circulator is connected with the input end of the second coupler, the first output end of the second coupler is connected with the first movable end of the first mechanical optical switch, and the fixed port of the first mechanical optical switch is connected with the second output end of the first coupler;
the signal control and extraction module comprises a light source pulse control module, a pulse light source, a photoelectric conversion module, an AD conversion module, a characteristic extraction and vibration positioning module and a user interaction display module, wherein the light source pulse control module periodically sends out an electric pulse signal to drive the pulse light source to provide a pulse light signal into a light path; the photoelectric conversion module receives a backscattering signal returned from the light path, converts the backscattering signal into an electric signal, sends the electric signal into the AD conversion module to be converted into a digital signal, and then simultaneously sends the digital signal into the user interaction display module and the feature extraction and vibration positioning module to perform real-time waveform display and feature extraction and positioning of vibration invasion.
2. The feature extraction based distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the second delay optical fiber is greater than that of the first delay optical fiber.
3. The control method of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on the feature extraction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the light source pulse control module sends out a pulse trigger signal at the moment of kT, the pulse trigger signal is respectively sent to the pulse light source and the time sequence control module, k is an integer, and T is a light pulse working period;
the pulse light source sends out an optical signal with a fixed pulse width after receiving the trigger signal, the optical signal enters the first coupler and then is divided into two parts, one part enters the first delay optical fiber and then enters the second mechanical optical switch, and the other part directly enters the first mechanical optical switch;
and after receiving the synchronous trigger signal sent by the light source pulse control module at the kT moment, the time sequence control module respectively sends out control signals of 3 mechanical optical switches so as to control the on-off of the 3 mechanical optical switches.
4. A control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the switching sequence of the 3 mechanical optical switches is:
during kT-kT + t1, a fixed port of the first mechanical optical switch is directly communicated with a second movable end of the first mechanical optical switch, a fixed port of the second mechanical optical switch is directly communicated with a second movable end of the second mechanical optical switch, and a first movable end of the third mechanical optical switch is directly communicated with a fixed port of the third mechanical optical switch;
during a kT + t 1-kT + t2 period, a fixed port of a first mechanical optical switch is directly communicated with a first movable end of the first mechanical optical switch, a fixed port of a second mechanical optical switch is directly communicated with a second movable end of the second mechanical optical switch, and a second movable end of a third mechanical optical switch is directly communicated with a fixed port of the third mechanical optical switch;
during a kT + t 2-kT + t3 period, a fixed port of a first mechanical optical switch is directly communicated with a first movable end of the first mechanical optical switch, a fixed port of a second mechanical optical switch is directly communicated with a first movable end of the second mechanical optical switch, and a fixed port of a third mechanical optical switch is directly communicated with a first/second movable end of the third mechanical optical switch;
t1, T2, T3 are the longest times required for the light pulse to reach the mechanical optical switches of the system on the transmit and receive paths, respectively, and T1< T2< T3< T.
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