CN109708106B - Direct-current pulverized coal burner - Google Patents
Direct-current pulverized coal burner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109708106B CN109708106B CN201811557802.7A CN201811557802A CN109708106B CN 109708106 B CN109708106 B CN 109708106B CN 201811557802 A CN201811557802 A CN 201811557802A CN 109708106 B CN109708106 B CN 109708106B
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- air pipe
- pulverized coal
- primary air
- nozzle end
- secondary air
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 42
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The invention discloses a direct-current pulverized coal burner, which comprises a shell, a pulverized coal concentrator, a concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe connected with a concentrated pulverized coal outlet of the pulverized coal concentrator, a dilute pulverized coal primary air pipe wound around the circumference of a concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe part, and a secondary air pipe, wherein the secondary air pipe and the dilute pulverized coal primary air pipe are arranged oppositely in the circumference and wound around the circumference of the rest of the concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe, the secondary air pipe is positioned on the back fire side of the concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe, the nozzle end of the concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe and the nozzle end of the dilute pulverized coal primary air pipe are arranged at radial intervals, and the nozzle end of the concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe and the nozzle end of the dilute pulverized coal primary air pipe are both positioned behind the nozzle end of the secondary air pipe in the axial direction; the invention can not only greatly improve self stable combustion capability, combustion efficiency and coking prevention capability, solve the contradiction between ignition stable combustion and flame undershoot capability, but also reduce NOx emission, has the advantage of wide coal quality application range, and meets the requirements of boiler depth peak regulation and inferior coal combustion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct-current pulverized coal burner, in particular to a direct-current pulverized coal burner for a W-flame boiler.
Background
With the increase of the capacity of wind power and photoelectric installed machines in China, the capacity of the power grid in the peak period is insufficient, and the recent wind and light abandoning electricity limiting is serious. In order to absorb new energy, a higher depth peak shaving capability requirement is provided for the thermal power generating unit, and the depth peak shaving capability generally depends on the minimum load of the unit. For a boiler combustion system, it is critical to improve the low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler, so that the low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler is continuously improved.
The energy resource characteristics of rich coal, oil shortage and less gas in China ensure that coal is still used as the main material in a quite long time in China, and coal resources are required to be utilized more efficiently and scientifically. At present, the cascade utilization of coal is the direction of energy conversion and utilization modes in China, and the pyrolysis is mainly carried out, and low-volatile residual carbon coal after the pyrolysis is used as high-grade clean fuel for combustion power generation. However, the combustion process of the carbon residue coal has the characteristics of difficult ignition, low burnout efficiency, higher NOx emission and the like. In addition, along with the marketization of coal and electric power, the supply and demand relations of various different coal types are in fluctuation, and each power plant is used for reducing the power generation cost, and the power plant always searches for economic coal types, so that most power plants have difficulty in guaranteeing that single designed coal types are burned for a long time, and high requirements are put on the coal type adaptability of combustion equipment.
The W flame boiler is a boiler with a special hearth structure aiming at low-volatile coal and has stronger stable combustion capability. However, various existing direct-current pulverized coal burners applied to W-flame boilers have more or less the following problems: 1) The contradiction that the combustion stabilizing capability and the flame early turning have insufficient utilization of a hearth exists, the combustion efficiency is reduced and the NOx reduction space below the over-fire air is reduced due to the early turning of the flame, so that the NOx emission is increased; 2) The ignition time of the primary air and the mixing time of the secondary air are related to the speed and the like of the secondary air in operation, so that the secondary air is difficult to accurately adjust and control, the too early mixing of the secondary air is unfavorable for stable combustion and reducing NOx emission, and the too late mixing of the air required by the instant supplement combustion is also unfavorable for stable combustion, burnout and the like; 3) The stable combustion capability of the burner is not outstanding, and the stable combustion of a high temperature area (with more flame protection belts laid) is mainly maintained by a lower hearth of the boiler, so that the problems of easy coking, higher NOx and the like of the hearth are caused. Compared with other furnace type NOx emission concentration values, the W-flame boiler has higher concentration value due to coal quality and boiler structure, so that in order to meet stricter and stricter ultralow emission requirements, many W-flame boilers in power plants are scheduled to burn bituminous coal instead of or together with bituminous coal, but in order to control fuel cost, inferior coal is often required to be burned, so that the coal type change adaptive capacity of the existing combustion equipment is difficult to meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides the direct-current pulverized coal burner which can not only greatly improve self stable combustion capability, combustion efficiency and coking resistance, solve the contradiction between ignition stable combustion and flame undershoot capability, but also reduce NOx emission, has adjustable ignition point, has the advantage of wide coal quality application range, and meets the requirements of boiler depth peak regulation and inferior coal combustion.
In order to achieve the aim, the direct-current pulverized coal burner comprises a shell and a pulverized coal concentrator arranged in the shell, and is characterized by further comprising a pulverized coal primary air pipe connected with a pulverized coal outlet of the pulverized coal concentrator, a pulverized coal primary air pipe wound around the periphery of the pulverized coal primary air pipe, and a secondary air pipe connected with the shell, wherein the secondary air pipe and the pulverized coal primary air pipe are arranged in a circumferential direction in a relative manner and wound around the periphery of the rest of the pulverized coal primary air pipe, the secondary air pipe is positioned on the backfire side of the pulverized coal primary air pipe, a pulverized coal primary air pipe nozzle end and a pulverized coal primary air pipe nozzle end are arranged at radial intervals, a backflow cavity is formed between the pulverized coal primary air pipe nozzle end and the pulverized coal primary air pipe nozzle end, and the pulverized coal primary air pipe nozzle end are positioned behind the secondary air pipe nozzle end in the axial direction;
when the pulverized coal-containing primary air is used, after passing through the pulverized coal concentrator, the pulverized coal-containing primary air is sprayed out of the concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe and the light pulverized coal primary air pipe respectively, and secondary air is sprayed out of the secondary air pipe and mixed and combusted in a hearth; because the thick primary air nozzle is positioned at the center of the burner, the thin primary air nozzle is positioned on the circumferential direction of the outermost side of the burner, a fan-shaped annular backflow space is formed between two airflows, thick primary air pulverized coal airflows and thin primary air pulverized coal airflows respectively adhere to the wall in the fan-shaped backflow cavity, larger negative pressure is generated in the annular area between the two airflows, hot flue gas in a hearth can flow back into the fan-shaped annular backflow cavity to heat the two airflows due to entrainment effect and can start firing before being sprayed into the hearth, and in addition, the hot flue gas is not mixed with secondary air at the moment, and the stable combustion capability during low load and inferior coal combustion can be greatly improved; the secondary air nozzle is arranged on the back fire side of the concentrated primary air in a fan shape, combustion air is gradually supplemented from the back fire side to the partially ignited pulverized coal airflow at the outlet of the backflow cavity, high-temperature flue gas is not hindered from flowing back into the backflow cavity to ensure stable combustion, the secondary air and the primary air have larger momentum together, the problem of insufficient impulse under the flame of the W-flame boiler is solved, the functions of improving the integral airflow rigidity of the outlet of the combustor, preventing coking of the water-cooled wall of the boiler and the like are achieved, and secondary air gradually mixed along the flame stroke forms graded air distribution in the combustor, so that NOx emission is reduced; the ignition of the pulverized coal airflow is advanced, the rigidity of the whole airflow is enhanced, the combustion time of the pulverized coal airflow in a hearth is prolonged, and the combustion efficiency is improved;
as a further improvement of the invention, the inlet section of the primary air pipe of the fine coal is in a tapered cone shape; the low primary air speed after the separation of the shade can be prevented, and the reflux capacity of the primary air flow to the high-temperature flue gas and the coking capacity of the burner outlet can be further improved;
as a further improvement of the invention, the angle of the primary air pipe of the light coal dust is larger than the angle of the secondary air pipe in the circumferential direction; the proportioning requirement of primary air and secondary air can be met;
as a further improvement of the invention, a damper is arranged in the inlet section of the secondary air pipe; the air quantity can be adjusted;
as a further improvement of the invention, the back flow cavity behind the nozzle end of the concentrated coal powder primary air pipe and the nozzle end of the light coal powder primary air pipe is connected with an auxiliary channel, a valve is arranged in the auxiliary channel, and a pore plate is arranged in the back flow cavity; normally, the valve is in a closed state so as to ensure the normal operation of the burner; the opening of the valve can be regulated to introduce secondary air or inert furnace smoke or a proper amount of combustion improver such as pure oxygen into the fan-shaped backflow cavity according to the required amount, so that the amount of high-temperature smoke in the hearth flowing back to the backflow cavity is regulated, the temperature in the backflow cavity is regulated, the ignition point is regulated, the device is suitable for different coal qualities, and the requirements of boiler depth peak regulation and inferior coal combustion are met; the pore plate can ensure the uniformity of secondary air or inert furnace smoke or pure oxygen feeding;
as a further improvement of the invention, the nozzle end of the primary air pipe of the pulverized coal is provided with a plurality of nozzles which are circumferentially spaced; to realize more hot flue gas to flow back into the backflow cavity;
as a further improvement of the invention, a blunt body is arranged in the nozzle end of the secondary air pipe; to properly prolong the mixing of primary air and secondary air;
as a further improvement of the invention, a perimeter air pipe is arranged at the outer side of the circumference of the shell corresponding to the primary air pipe of the pulverized coal; proper amount of secondary air is introduced into the peripheral air pipe, so that the burner nozzle can be protected and cooled;
as a further improvement of the invention, a thermocouple is arranged in the reflux cavity; the temperature in the reflux cavity is measured through a thermocouple, and the opening degree of the valve is regulated, so that the temperature of different combustion coal types can be controlled in a proper range;
in conclusion, the invention can not only greatly improve the self combustion stabilizing capability, combustion efficiency and coking preventing capability, solve the contradiction between the ignition stabilizing capability and flame undershoot capability, but also reduce NOx emission, has the advantage of adjustable ignition point, has the advantage of wide coal quality application range, and meets the requirements of deep peak regulation and inferior coal combustion of the boiler.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1 at C-C.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of B-B of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a bottom view of fig. 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the arrangement of an embodiment of the present invention on a W-flame boiler.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The direct-current pulverized coal burner comprises a shell 1, a pulverized coal concentrator 2 arranged in the shell 1, a concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe 3 connected with a concentrated pulverized coal outlet of the pulverized coal concentrator 2, a fresh pulverized coal primary air pipe 4 wound around part of the circumference of the concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe 3, and a secondary air pipe 5 connected with the shell 1, wherein the inlet section of the fresh pulverized coal primary air pipe 4 is tapered, a plurality of nozzles 13 which are circumferentially spaced are arranged in the nozzle end of the fresh pulverized coal primary air pipe 4 through a concave cavity 15, the fresh pulverized coal outlet of the pulverized coal concentrator 2 is positioned between the fresh pulverized coal primary air pipe 4 and the shell 1, and a fresh pulverized coal primary air channel is formed between the fresh pulverized coal primary air pipe 4 and the shell 1; the secondary air pipe 5 and the fine coal primary air pipe 4 are arranged oppositely in the circumferential direction and are wound around the other part of the concentrated coal primary air pipe 3 in the circumferential direction, the angle of the fine coal primary air pipe 4 around in the circumferential direction is about 2/3 of the circumference, the angle of the secondary air pipe 5 around in the circumferential direction is about 1/3 of the circumference, an air door 7 is arranged in the inlet section of the secondary air pipe 5, and a blunt body 11 is arranged in the nozzle end of the secondary air pipe 5; as shown in fig. 6, the secondary air duct 5 is located on the back fire side of the concentrated coal powder primary air duct 3 (i.e. the side far away from the center of the hearth 16), the nozzle ends of the concentrated coal powder primary air duct 3 and the nozzle ends of the light coal powder primary air duct 4 are arranged at radial intervals, a backflow cavity 6 is formed between the two, a thermocouple 12 is arranged in the backflow cavity 6, the nozzle ends of the concentrated coal powder primary air duct 3 and the nozzle ends of the light coal powder primary air duct 4 are both located behind the nozzle ends of the secondary air duct 5 in the axial direction, and the nozzle ends of the concentrated coal powder primary air duct 3 and the nozzle ends of the light coal powder primary air duct 4 can be flush or not flush in the axial direction according to specific coal quality and concentration conditions, so that different ignition starting times are achieved; the secondary air pipe 5 is flush with the outlet of the shell 1; the back flow cavity 6 behind the nozzle end of the concentrated coal powder primary air pipe 3 and the nozzle end of the light coal powder primary air pipe 4 is connected with the auxiliary channel 8, the valve 9 is arranged in the auxiliary channel 8, and the orifice plate 10 is arranged in the back flow cavity 6; a perimeter air pipe 14 is arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the shell 1 corresponding to the light coal powder primary air pipe 4;
when the pulverized coal-containing primary air is used, after entering the inlet end of the shell 1 and passing through the pulverized coal concentrator 2, concentrated pulverized coal primary air and light pulverized coal primary air are respectively sprayed out from the light pulverized coal primary air channels in the concentrated pulverized coal primary air pipe 3 and the outer side of the light pulverized coal primary air pipe 4, most secondary air is sprayed out through the secondary air pipe 5, mixed and combusted in a hearth, and a small amount of secondary air is sprayed out through the peripheral air pipe 14; the thick primary air nozzle is positioned at the center of the burner, the thin primary air nozzle is positioned on the circumferential direction of the outermost side of the burner, a fan-shaped backflow space is formed between two airflows, thick primary air pulverized coal airflows and thin primary air pulverized coal airflows respectively adhere to the wall in the fan-shaped backflow cavity, the strong entrainment effect is achieved on the airflows in the backflow cavity 6, a large negative pressure is generated, hot flue gas in a hearth can be entrained and backflow into the fan-shaped backflow cavity to heat the two pulverized coal airflows and enable the two pulverized coal airflows to start firing before being sprayed into the hearth, and the nozzle end of the thick pulverized coal primary air pipe 3 and the nozzle end of the thin pulverized coal primary air pipe 4 are positioned behind the nozzle end of the secondary air pipe 5 in the axial direction, so that the thick pulverized coal primary air pipe and the thin pulverized coal airflows are not mixed with secondary air at the moment, and the firing and stable firing capability during low load and poor-quality coal burning can be greatly improved; the secondary air nozzle is arranged on the back fire side of the concentrated primary air in a fan shape, and the combustion air is gradually supplemented from the back fire side to the partially ignited pulverized coal airflow at the outlet of the backflow cavity 6, so that the backflow of high-temperature flue gas into the backflow cavity 6 is not hindered, stable combustion is ensured, the secondary air and the primary air have larger momentum, the problem of insufficient impulse under the flame of the W-flame boiler is solved, the effects of improving the integral airflow rigidity of the outlet of the combustor, preventing coking of the water-cooled wall of the boiler and the like are achieved, and the secondary air gradually mixed along the flame stroke forms the graded air distribution in the combustor, so that the NOx emission is reduced; the ignition of the pulverized coal airflow is advanced, the rigidity of the whole airflow is enhanced, the combustion time of the pulverized coal airflow in a hearth is prolonged, and the combustion efficiency is improved;
the inlet section of the light coal powder primary air pipe 4 is tapered, so that the low light primary air speed after the separation of the light and the light can be prevented, the backflow capability of the light primary air flow to high-temperature flue gas is further improved, and the coking capability of the burner outlet is prevented; normally the valve 9 is in a closed state to ensure the normal operation of the burner; the opening of the valve 9 can be regulated to introduce a small amount of secondary air or inert furnace smoke or a proper amount of combustion improver such as pure oxygen into the fan-shaped backflow cavity 6 according to the required amount, so as to regulate the amount of high-temperature smoke in a hearth flowing back to the backflow cavity, regulate the temperature in the backflow cavity 6, regulate the ignition point or be suitable for different coal qualities, and meet the requirements of boiler depth peak regulation and inferior coal combustion; the orifice plate 10 can ensure the uniformity of secondary air or inert furnace smoke or pure oxygen feeding;
the plurality of nozzles 13 spaced circumferentially can realize that more hot flue gas flows back into the reflow cavity; the blunt body 11 can properly prolong the mixing of primary air and secondary air; by introducing proper amount of secondary air into the peripheral air pipe 14, the burner nozzle can be protected and cooled; the temperature in the reflux cavity 6 is measured through the thermocouple 12, and the opening degree of the valve 9 is adjusted, so that the temperature of different combustion coal types can be controlled in a proper range.
The burner can be designed into different shapes such as round, square and the like, and the burner can be manufactured in sections and then is connected into a whole by adopting welding or flanges; the partition plate between the concentrated coal powder primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle can be isolated by a single-layer heat-resistant steel plate or is hollow and thickened in the middle of a double-layer.
Claims (9)
1. The direct-current pulverized coal burner comprises a shell and a pulverized coal concentrator arranged in the shell, and is characterized by further comprising a pulverized coal primary air pipe connected with a pulverized coal outlet of the pulverized coal concentrator, a pulverized coal primary air pipe wound around the circumference of the pulverized coal primary air pipe, and a secondary air pipe connected with the shell, wherein the secondary air pipe and the pulverized coal primary air pipe are arranged oppositely in the circumferential direction and wound around the circumference of the rest of the pulverized coal primary air pipe, the secondary air pipe is positioned on the backfire side of the pulverized coal primary air pipe, the nozzle end of the pulverized coal primary air pipe and the nozzle end of the pulverized coal primary air pipe are arranged at radial intervals, a backflow cavity is formed between the pulverized coal primary air pipe and the nozzle end of the pulverized coal primary air pipe, and the nozzle end of the pulverized coal primary air pipe are both positioned behind the nozzle end of the secondary air pipe in the axial direction.
2. A direct current pulverized coal burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inlet section of the primary air pipe of the light coal dust is tapered.
3. A direct current pulverized coal burner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the angle of the primary air pipe of the light coal dust is larger than the angle of the secondary air pipe around the circumference.
4. A direct current pulverized coal burner according to claim 3, characterized in that: an air door is arranged in the inlet section of the secondary air pipe.
5. A direct current pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the back flow cavity behind the concentrated coal powder primary air pipe nozzle end and the light coal powder primary air pipe nozzle end is connected with an auxiliary channel, a valve is arranged in the auxiliary channel, and a pore plate is arranged in the back flow cavity.
6. A direct current pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the nozzle end of the primary air pipe of the light coal dust is provided with a plurality of nozzles which are circumferentially spaced.
7. A direct current pulverized coal burner as set forth in claim 5, wherein: and a blunt body is arranged in the nozzle end of the secondary air pipe.
8. A direct current pulverized coal burner according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: and a peripheral air pipe is arranged at the outer side of the circumference of the shell corresponding to the primary air pipe of the pulverized coal.
9. A direct current pulverized coal burner as claimed in claim 8, wherein: a thermocouple is arranged in the reflux cavity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811557802.7A CN109708106B (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Direct-current pulverized coal burner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811557802.7A CN109708106B (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Direct-current pulverized coal burner |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109708106A CN109708106A (en) | 2019-05-03 |
| CN109708106B true CN109708106B (en) | 2023-10-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201811557802.7A Active CN109708106B (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Direct-current pulverized coal burner |
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| CN (1) | CN109708106B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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| CN113339789A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-03 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Coking-prevention pulverized coal burner with horseshoe-shaped turbulence teeth |
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| CN109708106A (en) | 2019-05-03 |
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