CN109707358B - Fracturing string and fracturing method thereof - Google Patents
Fracturing string and fracturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109707358B CN109707358B CN201711008136.7A CN201711008136A CN109707358B CN 109707358 B CN109707358 B CN 109707358B CN 201711008136 A CN201711008136 A CN 201711008136A CN 109707358 B CN109707358 B CN 109707358B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229920001967 Metal rubber Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fracturing string and a fracturing method thereof, wherein the fracturing string comprises the following components: casing string, multi-set intelligent ball fracturing sliding sleeve and differential pressure sliding sleeve; the casing string is formed by connecting a plurality of casing pipes in series; the intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeves are connected in series, and at least one intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve is connected to the sleeve of each separation layer; and the differential pressure sliding sleeve is connected in series with the lowest layer of the casing string.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fracturing string and a fracturing method, in particular to a fracturing string and a fracturing method for large-drift-diameter intelligent ball injection of petroleum and natural gas exploitation equipment.
Background
In the petroleum and natural gas exploitation process, the fracturing operation is a very effective yield increasing method, and particularly, the layering transformation technology has become an important means for increasing yield of low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs, and the sliding sleeve type staged fracturing technology is an important means for exploiting unconventional oil and gas resources and is widely applied to fracturing yield increasing transformation of shale gas, low-permeability producing layers, vertical wells of thin oil layers, directional wells and horizontal wells.
Conventional sliding sleeves include ball-throw type sliding sleeves, hydraulic sliding sleeves, and mechanical switch sliding sleeves.
The ball-throwing type sliding sleeve is usually matched with an open hole packer for use, and the working principle is that the ball is thrown at a wellhead, and the ball reaches the position of a sliding sleeve ball seat to form a seal with the sliding sleeve ball seat. When the pressing pressure reaches a set value, the pin is sheared, the sliding sleeve moves to expose the fracturing through hole, and a fracturing channel is established. However, the sizes of the sliding sleeves and the balls at all levels are different, so that the number of fracturing stages is limited, and after fracturing is completed, a drilling tool is needed to be put into the sliding sleeve to drill out the ball seat of the sliding sleeve, so that the working period and the working cost are increased.
The hydraulic sliding sleeve is usually arranged at the lowest stage of the segmented fracturing string, and the working principle of the hydraulic sliding sleeve is that the hydraulic sliding sleeve is continuously pressurized after all open hole packers are set. And opening the sliding sleeve after the pressure reaches the opening pressure of the hydraulic sliding sleeve, and then carrying out fracturing construction. The hydraulic sliding sleeve can only be used for one stage independently, and the hydraulic sliding sleeve is matched with the ball-throwing type sliding sleeve to finish multistage fracturing.
The mechanical switch sliding sleeve needs a switch tool to be put into a well together with a fracturing string, and is characterized in that the mechanical switch sliding sleeve is opened and closed through the switch tool, and a pressure-holding ball is not required to be thrown, so that the requirements on the performance and stability of the switch tool are high.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a fracturing string and fracturing method that does not limit the number of fracturing reservoir sites.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a fracturing string, which comprises:
the casing string is formed by connecting a plurality of casing pipes in series;
each separation layer is connected with at least one intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve in series;
differential pressure sliding sleeve connected in series with the lowest layer of the casing string
The fracturing tubular column that foretell, wherein, every intelligence ball fracturing sliding sleeve is including the top connection, adapter sleeve, the sliding sleeve body and the lower clutch that connect gradually, the top connection in its upper portion the sheathed tube bottom, the lower clutch is connected in its lower part the sheathed tube top, every intelligence ball fracturing sliding sleeve still includes:
the liquid cylinder sleeve is arranged in the upper joint;
the hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder sleeve;
the elastic body is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder;
and the elastic sealing piece is sleeved on the elastic body.
The fracturing string of the above-mentioned fracturing, wherein, every intelligence ball fracturing sliding sleeve still includes:
the transition sleeve is arranged in the upper joint, and one end of the transition sleeve is connected with the hydraulic cylinder;
the elastic piece is sleeved on the transition sleeve, one end of the elastic piece abuts against the transition sleeve, and the other end of the elastic piece abuts against the connecting sleeve.
The fracturing string of the above, wherein each fracturing sliding sleeve further includes:
the track pipe is positioned in the connecting sleeve, the other part of the track pipe is positioned in the sliding sleeve, one end of the track pipe is connected with the other end of the transition sleeve, and the hydraulic cylinder drives the elastic body, the transition sleeve and the track pipe to move along the axial direction;
the swivel is sleeved on the track pipe and positioned between the connecting sleeve and the sliding sleeve body;
and the guide pin penetrates through the swivel and is connected to the track pipe.
The fracturing pipe column comprises a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves, wherein each fracturing sliding sleeve further comprises an opening sleeve, the opening sleeves are arranged in the sliding sleeve body, and one ends of the opening sleeves are spaced from the track pipe.
The fracturing tubular column comprises a lower joint, a sliding sleeve body, an elastic sealing seat, an opening sleeve and an elastic sealing seat, wherein the lower joint is connected with the sliding sleeve body, the elastic sealing seat is arranged between the opening sleeve and the lower joint, one end of the elastic sealing seat is connected with the lower joint, and the opening sleeve is sleeved with the elastic sealing seat after moving axially.
The fracturing string comprises a plurality of long tracks and a plurality of short tracks, wherein the long tracks and the short tracks are arranged on the outer wall of the track pipe along the circumferential direction, and the long tracks and the short tracks are alternately arranged and communicated with each other.
The fracturing string is characterized in that a plurality of clamping claws are arranged at the other end of the elastic sealing seat.
The fracturing tubular column is characterized in that a step limiting part is further arranged on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve body, and the opening sleeve is propped against the step limiting part.
The fracturing pipe column comprises a plurality of fracturing sliding sleeves, wherein each fracturing sliding sleeve comprises a stop structure, the stop structure is arranged on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve body, and when the opening sleeve moves axially, the elastic sealing seat is sleeved, and then the opening sleeve stops moving reversely.
The fracturing string of the above-mentioned, wherein still includes:
the segmented packers are arranged on the casing pipe of each separation layer in a one-to-one correspondence manner; and
And the guide shoe is connected to the lowest end of the fracturing string.
The fracturing string of the above-mentioned, wherein still includes:
one end of the touch-pressing nipple is connected with the differential pressure sliding sleeve;
one end of the floating hoop is connected to the lower end of the collision-pressing short section; and
And one end of the floating shoe is connected with the lower end of the floating hoop.
The invention provides a fracturing method using the fracturing string, which further comprises the following steps:
after the number of the fracturing sliding sleeves is determined according to the actual condition of the oil reservoir, the fracturing tubular column is assembled;
according to the indication of the fracturing string table, the fracturing string is put into place;
opening a differential pressure sliding sleeve when the fracturing string is pressed to a set value, and establishing a fluid channel with a reservoir;
and after the bottom layer is fractured, putting fracturing balls layer by layer, and fracturing the rest target reservoirs.
The fracturing method, further comprising:
each target reservoir corresponds to at least one intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve;
setting each fracturing sliding sleeve as an nth fracturing ball, opening the fracturing sliding sleeve after the nth fracturing ball is in place, wherein n is a positive integer;
when the nth fracturing ball is in place, the fracturing ball forms a seal in the bottommost fracturing sliding sleeve in at least one fracturing sliding sleeve;
and carrying out hydraulic fracturing and opening the target reservoir.
The fracturing method, further comprising:
and (3) connecting a cementing pipeline after the fracturing string is put in place, injecting cement, putting a cementing rubber plug into the well to replace cement paste, and after the cementing rubber plug runs to a collision and pressure nipple for collision and pressure, completing the replacement, waiting for cement setting, and completing the well cementation isolation layer.
The fracturing method, further comprising:
and layering by using layered packers, wherein each layer is formed by isolating two adjacent segmented packers on the casing, pressing the fracturing string after the fracturing string is put in place, setting each segmented packer, and separating the layers of the target reservoir to be fractured.
The invention aims at the prior art and has the following effects:
1. the method is suitable for casing well completion and open hole well completion, is not limited by well type, has strong adaptability, and gives more choices to engineers;
2. compared with the quick drilling bridge plug technology, the high-efficiency fracturing is realized without a pump plug, a perforation and a drilling plug, and the fracturing cost is reduced;
3. compared with the conventional open hole packer combined sliding sleeve technology, the fracturing efficiency is guaranteed, meanwhile, the drift diameter is not reduced, the integrity of a shaft is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the number of fracturing stages is not limited theoretically;
4. the intelligent ball throwing counting, engineers can set a plurality of stages of counting according to the requirement, one ball can be used for one stage of counting to open one or more sliding sleeves at a time, and fracturing can be freely matched according to the requirement;
5. the full diameter after pressing is beneficial to subsequent production, well repair, secondary fracturing and other operations, and the service life of a single well is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the fracturing string of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the fracturing sleeve of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2A;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of B in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sleeve of FIG. 2 in an inactive state;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the frac ball of FIG. 2 in operation through an open sleeve;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the state of the opening sleeve in the reverse row in FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the fracturing string of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the fracturing method of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a substep flow chart of step S4 in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the fracturing method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The detailed description and technical descriptions of the present invention will now be further described with reference to a preferred embodiment, but should not be construed as limiting the practice of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a fracturing string of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the fracturing sleeve of the present disclosure; FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1A; fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of B in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 1-4, the fracturing string of the present invention comprises a casing string, a plurality of intelligent ball-casting fracturing slips Y and a differential pressure slip C; the casing string is formed by connecting a plurality of casing pipes M in series; at least one set of intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve Y connected in series is connected between the sleeves M of each separation layer G; the differential pressure sliding sleeve C is connected in series with the layer at the bottom of the sleeve M.
The fracturing sliding sleeve comprises an upper joint 1, a connecting sleeve 9, a sliding sleeve body 10 and a lower joint 15 which are sequentially connected, and further comprises: a cylinder sleeve 2, a cylinder 3, an elastic sealing element 4 and an elastic body 5; the upper joint 1 is connected to the lower end of the casing M at the upper part of the upper joint, the lower joint 15 is connected to the upper end of the casing string M at the lower part of the lower joint, and each intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve further comprises; the liquid cylinder sleeve 2 is arranged in the upper joint 1; the hydraulic cylinder 3 is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder sleeve 2; the elastic body 5 is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder 3; the elastic sealing element 4 is sleeved on the elastic body 5. In the present embodiment, the elastic body 5 is a metal elastic body, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Further, intelligent ball-casting fracturing sliding sleeve still includes: a transition sleeve 6 and an elastic member 7; the transition sleeve 6 is arranged in the upper joint 1, and one end of the transition sleeve 6 is connected with the hydraulic cylinder 3; the elastic member 7 is sleeved on the transition sleeve 6, one end of the elastic member 7 abuts against the transition sleeve 6, and the other end of the elastic member 7 abuts against the connecting sleeve 9, wherein the elastic member is taken as a spring in the preferred embodiment, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Still further, intelligent ball-casting fracturing sliding sleeve still includes: a rail pipe 8, a swivel 11 and a guide pin 12; one part of the track pipe 8 is positioned in the connecting sleeve 9, the other part of the track pipe 8 is positioned in the sliding sleeve body 10, one end of the track pipe 8 is connected with the other end of the transition sleeve 6, and the hydraulic cylinder 3 is hydraulically driven after the elastic body 5 is in place, so that the transition sleeve 6 and the track pipe 8 simultaneously move along the axial direction; the swivel 11 is sleeved on the track pipe 8 and is positioned between the connecting sleeve 9 and the sliding sleeve body 10; the guide pin 12 penetrates the swivel 11 and is connected to the rail pipe 8. Wherein, a plurality of long tracks C1 and a plurality of short tracks C2 are arranged on the outer wall of the track pipe 8 along the circumferential direction, and the long tracks C1 and the short tracks C2 are alternately arranged and mutually communicated.
Furthermore, the intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve further comprises an opening sleeve 13, an elastic sealing seat 14 and a stop structure 16, wherein the opening sleeve is arranged in the sliding sleeve body 10, and one end of the opening sleeve 13 is spaced at the other end of the track pipe 8; the lower joint 15 is connected with the sliding sleeve body 10, the elastic sealing seat 14 is arranged between the opening sleeve 13 and the lower joint 15, one end of the elastic sealing seat 14 is connected with the lower joint 15, and the opening sleeve 13 can axially move to cover the elastic sealing seat 14; the other end of the elastic sealing seat 14 is provided with a plurality of clamping claws 141, and the opening sleeve 13 is buckled with the clamping claws 141; a step limiting part 101 is arranged on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve body 10 in a ring manner, and the opening sleeve 13 is arranged against the step limiting part 101; the stop structure 16 is mounted on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve body 10, and stops the reverse movement of the opening sleeve 13 after the opening sleeve 13 is sleeved on the elastic sealing seat 14 after moving along the axial direction.
In this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 3, the elastic seal 4 and the elastic body 5 constitute a soft seal seat assembly; the soft sealing seat assembly, the elastic piece 7, the track pipe 8 (a long track C1 and a short track C2 which are communicated are arranged outside the pipe), the swivel 11 and the guide pin 12 form an intelligent counting mechanism; the opening sleeve 13 and the elastic sealing seat 14 form a sliding sleeve mechanism; after ball injection, the fracturing ball reaches the soft sealing seat assembly to form a temporary piston, the force is transmitted to the track pipe 8 under the action of pressure, the track pipe 8 moves on the short track C2 once, the track pipe 8 drives the guide pin 12, the guide pin 12 drives the swivel 11 to rotate, and then the elastic piece 7 drives the soft sealing seat assembly to reset. When the fracturing ball is put into the well, the well is rotated once, when the well rotates to a designated position, the track pipe 8 enters the long track C1, the track pipe 8 transmits force to the sliding sleeve mechanism, the opening sleeve 13 is pushed to be opened, the opening sleeve 13 moves onto the elastic sealing seat 14 after descending, the elastic sealing seat is forced to shrink, the inner diameter of the elastic sealing seat is reduced, the fracturing ball is located at the position to seal, and at the moment, fracturing operation can be carried out. If the sliding sleeves are required to be opened by throwing balls at one time at the position or a plurality of adjacent positions, the elastic sealing seats are not arranged in the sliding sleeves in front of the position or the plurality of adjacent positions, the elastic sealing seats are only arranged on the last sliding sleeve, the balls can smoothly open the sliding sleeves and are located on the last sliding sleeve, fracturing operation is carried out, and one or a plurality of positions can be pressed. Therefore, the sliding sleeves can be opened after being put into the Nth ball, and a plurality of sliding sleeves can be installed at each stage and opened at the same time, so that the fracturing sliding sleeve is not limited by the number of layers of the fracturing layer; meanwhile, the sliding sleeves are opened through intelligent counting, and the inner diameters of the sliding sleeves can be the same, so that the sliding sleeves can keep the largest diameter, and the later operation is not influenced.
Still further, the fracturing string further comprises: a plurality of segmented packers 17 and shoes 18; the plurality of segmented packers 17 are arranged on the casing M of each separation layer G in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and each separation layer G is formed by isolating two adjacent segmented packers 17 on the casing M; the shoe 18 is connected to the differential pressure sleeve C.
Referring to fig. 5-7, fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the case opened when not in operation in fig. 2; FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the frac ball of FIG. 2 in operation through an open sleeve; fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the state of the ball moving to the opening sleeve of the previous stage of sliding sleeve during the reverse drainage in fig. 8, and the working process of the fracturing string and the fracturing sliding sleeve according to the present invention is specifically described below with reference to fig. 1 to 7. It should be noted that the following specific values are merely illustrative of the working procedure of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
And determining the positions and the number of the fracturing sliding sleeves Y and the positions and the number of the pressure difference sliding sleeves C on the fracturing string according to the actual conditions of the oil reservoir and the fracturing design, and placing the fracturing string in place according to a fracturing string table. In the fracturing string, the differential pressure sliding sleeve C is a sliding sleeve arranged at the bottommost end, and is opened to perform fracturing construction by pressing the fracturing string to a set value, and the differential pressure sliding sleeve C is used for opening a reservoir and establishing a fluid channel. The intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve Y is used for carrying out fracturing operation after the ball-throwing opening sliding sleeve. A cementing operation may not be required due to the provision of the segmented packer 17.
The fracturing operation is carried out according to the fracturing design, the fracturing string is firstly pressed, each staged packer 17 of the whole fracturing string is set, and the layers to be fractured are separated. After the staged packer 17 is set, the pressure continues to be raised, the bottommost differential pressure sliding sleeve C is opened, the bottommost fracturing operation is carried out, and a fluid channel is established. And then throwing the fracturing balls, wherein the fracturing balls can be pumped into place during horizontal well operation because the flow passages are established with the reservoir. Every time the fracturing ball passes through an intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve Y, the fracturing sliding sleeve Y counts. After the Nth ball that intelligence ball fracturing sliding sleeve Y set up is put in place, this intelligence ball fracturing sliding sleeve Y is opened, and the ball can not pass through this sliding sleeve to form sealedly on the ball seat in this intelligence ball fracturing sliding sleeve Y, can carry out hydraulic fracturing operation, the fracturing ball stays on this intelligence ball fracturing sliding sleeve Y's sealing seat. If a certain horizon or a plurality of adjacent horizons are provided with X intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeves Y which are arranged in place after the N-th fracturing ball is arranged in place, the fracturing ball can pass through all the front fracturing sliding sleeves Y and form sealing on the intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve Y at the bottommost end, and when hydraulic fracturing is carried out, the X sliding sleeves on the horizon or the plurality of adjacent horizons are hydraulically pressed, and the fracturing ball stays on the intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve Y at the bottommost end of the horizon all the time. And carrying out fracturing operation on other layers according to the fracturing design requirements. Because each intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve Y can be designed to be opened after passing through the Nth ball, and X sliding sleeves can be opened each time, the number of the intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeves Y can completely meet the requirement of the whole fracturing string design, is not limited by the size and the length of the fracturing string, and keeps the maximum drift diameter, so that the later operation is not influenced.
The specific working process of the intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve Y is as follows:
the minimum passage of the fracturing sliding sleeve has a flexible inner diameter of 110 mm and a rigid inner diameter of 118 mm when the fracturing sliding sleeve is not thrown. When the low fracturing ball is put into operation and reaches the position of 110 mm in the inner diameter of the soft sealing ring, the fracturing ball is temporarily blocked by the metal elastomer 5, the pressure is suppressed, and the track pipe 8 moves under the action of the metal elastomer 5 and the hydraulic cylinder 3. When the pressure difference exceeds 3MPa, the fracturing balls pass through the metal elastomer 5 and through the elastic seal seat 14. The rail tube 8 returns to the counting position under the action of the spring. When the fracturing ball is thrown for the nth time, an intelligent counter (not shown) reaches a set value, a plurality of guide pins 12 enter a long track of the track pipe 8 at the same time, so that the track pipe 8 can move for a long distance to push the opening sleeve 13 to move downwards, and the fracturing holes are opened. The lower end of the opening sleeve 13 is sleeved on the elastic sealing seat 14, so that the elastic grabbing of the elastic sealing seat 14 is forced to be rigid, when the pressure difference exceeds 3MPa, the fracturing ball falls onto the elastic sealing seat 14 through the metal elastomer 5, and the fracturing ball is sealed with the elastic sealing seat 14. The sliding sleeves with the same counting can be opened or a plurality of sliding sleeves (a plurality of sliding sleeves are opened after being arranged through N balls, the last sliding sleeve is provided with the hard sealing seat 14, the elastic sealing seat 14 is not arranged on the first sliding sleeve, the opening sleeve 13 is not influenced to be opened, the balls smoothly pass through and are located on the sliding sleeve at the lowest end), the stratum is suppressed, the fracturing balls are always in a low position under the action of pressure difference when the elastic sealing seat 14 is suppressed. When all the layers are cracked, the wellhead pressure-releasing stratum is reversely arranged, the ball moves to the lower part of the elastic sealing seat 14 of the last sliding sleeve, after the opening sleeve 13 moves upwards for a certain distance under the action of downward pressure, the stopping mechanism 16 stops the opening sleeve 13, the elastic sealing seat (14) opens, and the fracturing ball passes through the elastic sealing seat 14 and the metal elastomer 5 upwards and reversely arranged to the wellhead to be captured by a ball catcher (not shown).
The fracturing ball reaches the flexible inner diameter of the metal elastomer 5, the fracturing ball is blocked temporarily, and when a certain pressure is applied to the upper end of the fracturing ball, the fracturing ball can pass through the metal elastomer 5. The pressure of the ball through the metal elastomer 5 can thus be varied by adjusting the metal elastomer 5 and the elastic seal 4. The fracturing ball reaches the flexible inner diameter of the metal elastomer 5, and before the fracturing ball passes through the metal elastomer 5, the elastic sealing piece 4 and the fracturing ball form a temporary piston, and the hydraulic cylinder 3 can provide axial thrust when the fracturing ball is pressed, but after the fracturing ball passes through, the piston effect disappears.
A plurality of long tracks C1 and a plurality of short tracks C2 are arranged on the outer wall of the track pipe 8 along the circumferential direction, the long tracks C1 and the short tracks C2 are alternately arranged and are mutually communicated, a counter is formed by the long tracks C1, the short tracks C2, the swivel 11 and the guide pin 12 work on a groove of the track pipe 8, N balls of the counter are set before the well is closed, and then the ball seat is opened. The working ball reaches the pressure holding of the metal elastic body 5, the temporary piston provides axial thrust, and when the track pipe 8 moves axially, the rotating ring 11 is forced to rotate by a certain angle under the action of the guide pin 12 and the rotating ring 11. The thrust provided by the temporary piston is limited by the short track C2 and cannot directly act on the opening sleeve 13, and the opening sleeve 13 cannot be opened. After the fracturing ball passes through the metal elastomer 5, the axial thrust provided by the hydraulic cylinder 3 disappears, and the track pipe 8 returns to the counting working position under the action of the spring. After the N balls are put into the counter, when the counter returns to the 0 number position, the temporary piston works in the long track C1, the thrust provided by the hydraulic cylinder 3 can act on the opening sleeve 13, and the opening sleeve 13 is opened.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the fracturing string of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, the fracturing string comprises a casing string, a plurality of intelligent ball-casting fracturing slips Y and a differential pressure slip C; the casing string is formed by connecting a plurality of casing pipes M in series; each separated horizon is connected with at least one intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve Y in series connection; the differential pressure sliding sleeve C is connected in series to the layer at the bottommost end of the casing string; unlike fig. 1, the fracturing string of this embodiment does not have the segmented packer 17 and the guide shoe 18, so the crush nipple 19, the float collar 20 and the float shoe 21 are added; one end of the bump-press nipple 19 is connected to the differential pressure sliding sleeve C; one end of the float collar 20 is connected with the other end of the bump-press nipple 19; one end of the float 21 is connected to the other end of the float 20. According to the structure of the embodiment, after the fracturing string is put into the well, the well cementation layering operation is carried out, a cementing pipeline is connected, cement 22 is injected, a well cementation rubber plug is put into the well cementation pipe to replace the cement 22, after the well cementation rubber plug runs to the bump-press nipple 19 to bump and press, the replacement is completed, the cement 22 is subjected to waiting for setting, and the well cementation layering operation is completed. The rest of the working procedures of this embodiment are the same as those of fig. 1, and will not be described again here.
Referring to fig. 9-10, fig. 9 is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the fracturing method of the present invention; fig. 10 is a substep flowchart of step S5 in fig. 9. As shown in fig. 9-10, the fracturing method of the present invention comprises:
s1: after determining the layer position of the well to be fractured and the number of the fracturing sliding sleeves according to the actual condition of the oil reservoir, assembling a fracturing string;
s2: according to the indication of the fracturing string table, the fracturing string is put into place;
s3: after the fracturing string is put in place, pressing the fracturing string, setting each segmented packer, separating the layers of the target reservoir to be fractured, and completing interlayer isolation;
s4: opening a differential pressure sliding sleeve when the fracturing string is pressed to a set value, and establishing a fluid channel with a reservoir;
s5: and after the bottom layer fracturing is finished, putting fracturing balls layer by layer, and fracturing the rest target reservoirs.
Further, step S5 further comprises:
s51: each target reservoir corresponds to at least one intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve;
s52: setting each intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve as an nth fracturing ball to be opened after being in place, wherein n is a positive integer;
s53: when the nth fracturing ball is in place, the fracturing ball forms a seal in the bottommost fracturing sliding sleeve in at least one intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve;
s54: and carrying out hydraulic fracturing and opening the target reservoir.
Referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a flowchart of a fracturing method according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 11, the fracturing method of the present invention includes:
s1': after determining the layer position of the well to be fractured and the number of the fracturing sliding sleeves according to the actual condition of the oil reservoir, assembling a fracturing string;
s2': according to the indication of the fracturing string table, the fracturing string is put into place;
s3': after the well cementation rubber plug is put into place, connecting a cementing pipeline, injecting cement, putting the well cementation rubber plug into the well cementation pipeline to replace cement paste, after the well cementation rubber plug runs to a collision-pressure nipple joint to perform collision pressure, completing the replacement, performing cement waiting setting, and completing the layering of the well cementation operation to complete interlayer isolation;
s4': opening a differential pressure sliding sleeve when the fracturing string is pressed to a set value, and establishing a fluid channel with a reservoir;
s5': and after the bottom layer fracturing is finished, putting fracturing balls layer by layer, and fracturing the rest target reservoirs. The step S5' is the same as the step S5 described above, and will not be described again here.
It is noted that in this embodiment, the setting of the segmented packer may be omitted due to the layering of the cementing operation.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method is suitable for casing well completion and open hole well completion, is not limited by well type, has strong adaptability, and gives more choices to engineers;
2. compared with the quick drilling bridge plug technology, the high-efficiency fracturing is realized without a pump plug, a perforation and a drilling plug, and the fracturing cost is reduced;
3. compared with the conventional open hole packer combined sliding sleeve technology, the fracturing efficiency is guaranteed, meanwhile, the drift diameter is not reduced, the integrity of a shaft is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the fracturing progression is not limited;
4. the intelligent ball throwing counting, engineers can set a plurality of stages of counting according to the requirement, one ball can be used for one stage of counting to open one or more sliding sleeves at a time, and fracturing can be freely matched according to the requirement;
5. the full diameter after pressing is beneficial to subsequent production, well repair, secondary fracturing and other operations, and the service life of a single well is prolonged.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, since various modifications and variations can be made in the practice of the invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fracturing string comprising:
the casing string is formed by connecting a plurality of casing pipes in series;
the intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeves are connected in series, and at least one intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve is connected to the sleeve of each separation layer;
the differential pressure sliding sleeve is connected in series with the lowest layer of the casing string;
the segmented packers are arranged on the casing pipe of each separation layer in a one-to-one correspondence manner; and
The guide shoe is connected to the lowest end of the fracturing string;
each intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve comprises an upper joint, a connecting sleeve, a sliding sleeve body and a lower joint which are sequentially connected, wherein the upper joint is connected to the bottom end of the sleeve on the upper part of the sliding sleeve, the lower joint is connected to the top end of the sleeve on the lower part of the sliding sleeve, and each intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve further comprises:
the liquid cylinder sleeve is arranged in the upper joint;
the hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder sleeve;
the elastic body is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder;
the elastic sealing piece is sleeved on the elastic body;
the transition sleeve is arranged in the upper joint, and one end of the transition sleeve is connected with the hydraulic cylinder;
the elastic piece is sleeved on the transition sleeve, one end of the elastic piece abuts against the transition sleeve, and the other end of the elastic piece abuts against the connecting sleeve;
the track pipe is positioned in the connecting sleeve, the other part of the track pipe is positioned in the sliding sleeve, one end of the track pipe is connected with the other end of the transition sleeve, and the hydraulic cylinder drives the elastic body, the transition sleeve and the track pipe to move along the axial direction;
the swivel is sleeved on the track pipe and positioned between the connecting sleeve and the sliding sleeve body;
the guide pin penetrates through the swivel and is connected to the track pipe; and
the opening sleeve is arranged in the sliding sleeve body, and one end of the opening sleeve is spaced from the track pipe;
the lower joint is connected with the sliding sleeve body, the fracturing sliding sleeve further comprises an elastic sealing seat, the elastic sealing seat is arranged between the opening sleeve and the lower joint, one end of the elastic sealing seat is connected with the lower joint, and the opening sleeve is sleeved on the elastic sealing seat after moving axially.
2. The fracturing string of claim 1, wherein a plurality of long tracks and a plurality of short tracks are formed on the outer wall of the track pipe along the circumferential direction, and the long tracks and the short tracks are alternately arranged and communicated with each other.
3. The fracturing string of claim 1, wherein the other end of the resilient seal seat is provided with a plurality of jaws.
4. The fracturing string of claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the sliding sleeve body is further provided with a step limiting portion, and the opening sleeve is arranged against the step limiting portion.
5. The fracturing string of claim 1, wherein each said fracturing slide sleeve further comprises a stop structure mounted to an inner wall of said slide sleeve body for stopping reverse movement of said open sleeve after said open sleeve is axially moved to engage said elastomeric seal seat.
6. The fracturing string as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
one end of the touch-pressing nipple is connected with the differential pressure sliding sleeve;
one end of the floating hoop is connected to the lower end of the collision-pressing short section; and
And one end of the floating shoe is connected with the lower end of the floating hoop.
7. A fracturing method using the fracturing string of any of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
after the number of the fracturing sliding sleeves is determined according to the actual condition of the oil reservoir, the fracturing tubular column is assembled;
according to the indication of the fracturing string table, the fracturing string is put into place;
opening a differential pressure sliding sleeve when the fracturing string is pressed to a set value, and establishing a fluid channel with a reservoir;
and after the bottom layer fracturing is finished, putting fracturing balls layer by layer, and fracturing the rest target reservoirs.
8. The fracturing method of claim 7, further comprising:
each target reservoir corresponds to at least one intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve;
setting each intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve as an nth fracturing ball to be opened after being in place, wherein n is a positive integer;
when the nth fracturing ball is in place, the fracturing ball forms a seal in the bottommost fracturing sliding sleeve in at least one intelligent ball-throwing fracturing sliding sleeve;
and carrying out hydraulic fracturing and opening the target reservoir.
9. The fracturing method of claim 8, further comprising:
and (3) connecting a cementing pipeline after the fracturing string is put in place, injecting cement, putting a cementing rubber plug into the well to replace cement paste, and after the cementing rubber plug runs to a collision and pressure nipple for collision and pressure, completing the replacement, waiting for cement setting, and completing the well cementation isolation layering.
10. The fracturing method of claim 8, further comprising:
and layering by using layered packers, wherein each layer is formed by isolating two adjacent segmented packers on the casing, pressing the fracturing string after the fracturing string is put in place, setting each segmented packer, and separating the layers of the target reservoir to be fractured.
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| CN113123728A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Sleeve, sleeve assembly and assembling method thereof |
| CN111577204B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2022-10-21 | 成都众智诚成石油科技有限公司 | Underground cascade sliding sleeve system |
| CN112780221B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-11-02 | 东营市友佳石油科技有限公司 | Pollution-free perforation-free well cementation tool device and method for reservoir |
| CN113494264B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-07-07 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Waterproof layer reinforced grouting reconstruction device and method based on segmented fracturing |
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