CN109706317A - A kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method - Google Patents

A kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109706317A
CN109706317A CN201811396019.7A CN201811396019A CN109706317A CN 109706317 A CN109706317 A CN 109706317A CN 201811396019 A CN201811396019 A CN 201811396019A CN 109706317 A CN109706317 A CN 109706317A
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China
Prior art keywords
heisuojin
acetone
waste
petroleum ether
solvent
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CN201811396019.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张幺玄
廉鹏
康超
陈松
罗志龙
范鑫辰
张文辉
李萌
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Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute
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Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute
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Priority to CN201811396019.7A priority Critical patent/CN109706317A/en
Publication of CN109706317A publication Critical patent/CN109706317A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery methods, belong to Waste Distillers'Grain recovery technology field.This method under certain process conditions, successively extracts separation to the different component in waste and old blunt black al explosive respectively using petroleum ether and acetone as solvent using solvent extraction.Technical process include: deterrent dissolution, petroleum ether solvent recycling, heisuojin dissolution, heisuojin evaporative crystallization and acetone solvent recycling and etc..The present invention can effectively remove deterrent impurity using petroleum ether solvent, improve heisuojin purity, heisuojin purity >=99%;Use acetone for solvent, the heisuojin rate of recovery that evaporative crystallization obtains is high, the rate of recovery >=93%, and fusing point meets GJB296A-95 requirement;A kind of green reclaim method that heisuojin recycling is with high purity, the rate of recovery is high, solvent can be recycled can be provided for waste and old blunt black al explosive processing.

Description

A kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of explosive technology, are related to a kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method, specifically For be related to the composite explosives containing desensitized hexogen and aluminium powder using Solvent Extraction Separation recycling it is therein valuable group Point.
Background technique
With the growth requirement and powder charge performance improvement of weaponry, blunt black aluminium powder charge will be largely used to aviation, weapons etc. The military equipment in field, it is anticipated that future will generate a large amount of waste and old blunt black al explosive, in addition the blunt black aluminium dress in current part Medicine Waste Distillers'Grain will or it is retired, current and future faces the retired processing problem of waste and old blunt black al explosive.Blunt black aluminium Explosive is made of heisuojin, aluminium powder and deterrent, the formula of the blunt black al explosive in China are as follows: heisuojin: aluminium powder: deterrent=76: 20:4, the main component heisuojin and aluminium powder of the explosive are all market needs, the very high commodity of price, recycle these components, i.e., It can solve the problems, such as the safe handling of waste and old composite explosives, alleviate waste and old composite explosives warehousing pressure, and there is certain economic valence Value.
Separation and recovery research for blunt black aluminium, foreign countries cannot still find the related document published or data;State The interior separation and recovery research for blunt black aluminium is also less, and document is few for publishing of can consulting, and only mountain Wang Ze etc. is write In " processing and recycling of discarded explosive wastewater " book, the component separation process of blunt black al explosive, process flow have been sketched Including operating units such as dissolution-filtering-crystallisation by cooling-washing-dryings.This method uses a kind of solvent of acetone, and simple process is insufficient Place is that the product purity that the technique is isolated is not high, and obtained heisuojin contains a small amount of deterrent, and crystal color is in pale brown Color;Aluminium powder also adulterates micro cyclonite ingredient in addition to containing a small amount of deterrent, so that heisuojin is lost, reduces The rate of recovery of heisuojin.Therefore, the process for separating and recovering of blunt black aluminium composite explosives is further improved and furthers investigate.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the high waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery of a kind of separation component purity is high, the rate of recovery Method is retired generation from now on to solve the problems, such as that existing method is not high using single solvent recycling compositional purity, the rate of recovery is low A large amount of waste and old blunt black al explosives seek an effective recovery and treatment method.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: deterrent dissolution
Waste and old blunt black aluminium and petroleum ether solvent are added in dissolution kettle, mass volume ratio is less than 1:0.032~0.500, institute With 60~90 DEG C of petroleum ether boiling range, stirring is opened, revolving speed is not less than 150rpm, 10~40 DEG C of solution temperature is set, to blunt black aluminium In deterrent dissolved, insensitiveness agent solution and heisuojin/al powder mixt is obtained by filtration.
Step 2: petroleum ether solvent recycling
The evaporating kettle for being furnished with condenser is added in the resulting insensitiveness agent solution of step 1, sets 50 DEG C of heating temperature, setting Evaporation in vacuo degree is 0.04~0.05MPa, and tap water of the condenser using temperature no more than 20 DEG C is to the petroleum ether being evaporated Steam carries out condensation collection, and the petroleum ether solvent circulation recycled is for step 1.
Step 3: heisuojin dissolution
Acetone solvent, heisuojin/al powder mixt and acetone is added in the resulting heisuojin/al powder mixt of step 1 With mass volume ratio be less than 1:2.015, open stirring, revolving speed be not less than 150rpm, set 40 DEG C of solution temperature, to heisuojin into Row dissolution, is obtained by filtration heisuojin solution and aluminium powder.
Step 4: heisuojin evaporative crystallization and acetone solvent recycling
Crystallization, setting evaporation temperature are evaporated to the resulting heisuojin solution of step 3 in the crystallization kettle equipped with condenser Degree is 50 DEG C, vacuum degree 0.03MPa, and condenser carries out condensation collection to the acetone steam being evaporated using tap water, is used Tap water carries out room temperature washing, the thermostatted water that it is 60 DEG C to temperature that the wet product heisuojin after washing, which is sent, to the heisuojin that recycling obtains 4~6h of oven drying is bathed, condenser is no more than 20 DEG C of tap water using temperature and carries out condensation receipts to the acetone steam being evaporated Collection, the acetone solvent circulation recycled is for step 3.
Further technical solution is the waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method of one kind, which is characterized in that institute Stating step 1 deterrent solution temperature is 30~35 DEG C.
Further technical solution is the waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method of one kind, which is characterized in that institute The mass volume ratio for stating the waste and old blunt black aluminium of step 1 and petroleum ether solvent is 1:0.040~0.058.
Further technical solution is the waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method of one kind, which is characterized in that institute Step 1 heisuojin/al powder mixt and acetone are stated with mass volume ratio 1:2.115~2.165.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. dissolving using petroleum ether to the deterrent component in blunt black al explosive, the insensitiveness in explosive can be effectively removed Agent, to improve the purity of heisuojin recycling component;
It is repeatedly utilized 2. the petroleum ether and acetone solvent that use are recyclable, avoids the wasting of resources and environmental pollution;
3. entire technique is related to the common operations units such as solvent dissolution, filtering, evaporative crystallization, washing, drying, technical process Simply, operating performance is strong, it is easy to accomplish amplificationization and engineering
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is waste and old blunt black al explosive process for separating and recovering flow chart of the invention.
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Specific embodiment
In compliance with the above technical solution, specific embodiments of the present invention are provided below in conjunction with attached drawing, it should be noted that this hair Bright to be not limited to following specific embodiments, all equivalent transformations made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application each falls within of the invention Protection scope.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment carries out as follows:
Step 1: deterrent dissolution
It is added waste and old blunt black aluminium and petroleum ether solvent in dissolution kettle, and mass volume ratio 1:0.040 (< 1:0.036,35 DEG C Under), petroleum ether is excessive to guarantee that deterrent can be completely dissolved, but cannot be excessively too many, and it is molten otherwise to increase step 2 petroleum ether The recovery difficult of agent, selects low boiling point petroleum ether to be conducive to step 2 petroleum ether solvent by 60~90 DEG C of petroleum ether boiling range used Evaporation recycling, while energy consumption is reduced, stirring is opened, revolving speed 180rpm sets 30 DEG C of solution temperature, to the deterrent in blunt black aluminium It is dissolved, after dissolution time 40min, insensitiveness agent solution and heisuojin/al powder mixt is obtained by filtration.
Solubility and corresponding mass volume ratio of the deterrent in petroleum ether under 1 different temperatures of table
Step 2: petroleum ether solvent recycling
The evaporating kettle for being furnished with condenser is added in the resulting insensitiveness agent solution of step 1, sets 50 DEG C of heating temperature, setting Evaporation in vacuo degree is 0.04~0.05MPa, and tap water of the condenser using temperature no more than 20 DEG C is to the petroleum ether being evaporated Steam carries out condensation collection, and the petroleum ether solvent circulation recycled is for step 1.
Step 3: heisuojin dissolution
Acetone solvent, heisuojin/al powder mixt and acetone is added in the resulting heisuojin/al powder mixt of step 1 With mass volume ratio 1:2.115 (< 1:2.015,40 DEG C at), acetone is excessive to guarantee that heisuojin can be completely dissolved, but cannot It is excessive too many, otherwise increase the recovery difficult of step 4 acetone solvent, opens stirring, revolving speed 180rpm, because solution temperature is too low Dissolution is slow, the too high acetone volatilization of temperature is too fast, therefore sets 40 DEG C of solution temperature, dissolves to heisuojin, dissolves 40min Afterwards, heisuojin solution and aluminium powder is obtained by filtration.
Heisuojin solubility in acetone and corresponding mass volume ratio under 2 different temperatures of table
Step 4: heisuojin evaporative crystallization and acetone solvent recycling
Crystallization, setting evaporation temperature are evaporated to the resulting heisuojin solution of step 3 in the crystallization kettle equipped with condenser Degree is 50 DEG C, vacuum degree 0.03MPa, and condenser carries out condensation collection to the acetone steam being evaporated using tap water, is used Tap water carries out room temperature washing, the thermostatted water that it is 60 DEG C to temperature that the wet product heisuojin after washing, which is sent, to the heisuojin that recycling obtains Oven drying 4h is bathed, condenser is no more than 20 DEG C of tap water using temperature and carries out condensation collection to the acetone steam being evaporated, Obtained acetone solvent circulation is recycled for step 3.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment carries out as follows:
Step 1: deterrent dissolution
It is added waste and old blunt black aluminium and petroleum ether solvent in dissolution kettle, and mass volume ratio 1:0.050 (< 1:0.044,30 DEG C Under), petroleum ether is excessive to guarantee that deterrent can be completely dissolved, but cannot be excessively too many, and it is molten otherwise to increase step 2 petroleum ether The recovery difficult of agent, selects low boiling point petroleum ether to be conducive to step 2 petroleum ether solvent by 60~90 DEG C of petroleum ether boiling range used Evaporation recycling, while energy consumption is reduced, stirring is opened, revolving speed 200rpm sets 30 DEG C of solution temperature, to the deterrent in blunt black aluminium It is dissolved, after dissolving 40min, insensitiveness agent solution and heisuojin/al powder mixt is obtained by filtration.
Solubility and corresponding mass volume ratio of the deterrent in petroleum ether under 1 different temperatures of table
Step 2: petroleum ether solvent recycling
The evaporating kettle for being furnished with condenser is added in the resulting insensitiveness agent solution of step 1, sets 50 DEG C of heating temperature, setting Evaporation in vacuo degree is 0.04~0.05MPa, and tap water of the condenser using temperature no more than 20 DEG C is to the petroleum ether being evaporated Steam carries out condensation collection, and the petroleum ether solvent circulation recycled is for step 1.
Step 3: heisuojin dissolution
Acetone solvent, heisuojin/al powder mixt and acetone is added in the resulting heisuojin/al powder mixt of step 1 With mass volume ratio 1:2.165 (< 1:2.015,40 DEG C at), acetone is excessive to guarantee that heisuojin can be completely dissolved, but cannot It is excessive too many, otherwise increase the recovery difficult of step 4 acetone solvent, opens stirring, revolving speed 200rpm, because solution temperature is too low Dissolution is slow, the too high acetone volatilization of temperature is too fast, therefore sets 40 DEG C of solution temperature, dissolves to heisuojin, dissolves 40min Afterwards, heisuojin solution and aluminium powder is obtained by filtration.
Heisuojin solubility in acetone and corresponding mass volume ratio under 2 different temperatures of table
Step 4: heisuojin evaporative crystallization and acetone solvent recycling
Crystallization, setting evaporation temperature are evaporated to the resulting heisuojin solution of step 3 in the crystallization kettle equipped with condenser Degree is 50 DEG C, vacuum degree 0.03MPa, and condenser carries out condensation collection to the acetone steam being evaporated using tap water, is used Tap water carries out room temperature washing, the thermostatted water that it is 60 DEG C to temperature that the wet product heisuojin after washing, which is sent, to the heisuojin that recycling obtains Oven drying 5h is bathed, condenser is no more than 20 DEG C of tap water using temperature and carries out condensation collection to the acetone steam being evaporated, Obtained acetone solvent circulation is recycled for step 3.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment carries out as follows:
Step 1: deterrent dissolution
It is added waste and old blunt black aluminium and petroleum ether solvent in dissolution kettle, and mass volume ratio 1:0.058 (< 1:0.044,30 DEG C Under), petroleum ether is excessive to guarantee that deterrent can be completely dissolved, but cannot be excessively too many, and it is molten otherwise to increase step 2 petroleum ether The recovery difficult of agent, selects low boiling point petroleum ether to be conducive to step 2 petroleum ether solvent by 60~90 DEG C of petroleum ether boiling range used Evaporation recycling, while energy consumption is reduced, stirring is opened, revolving speed 220rpm sets 30 DEG C of solution temperature, to the deterrent in blunt black aluminium It is dissolved, after dissolving 40min, insensitiveness agent solution and heisuojin/al powder mixt is obtained by filtration.
Solubility and corresponding mass volume ratio of the deterrent in petroleum ether under 1 different temperatures of table
Step 2: petroleum ether solvent recycling
The evaporating kettle for being furnished with condenser is added in the resulting insensitiveness agent solution of step 1, sets 50 DEG C of heating temperature, setting Evaporation in vacuo degree is 0.04~0.05MPa, and tap water of the condenser using temperature no more than 20 DEG C is to the petroleum ether being evaporated Steam carries out condensation collection, and the petroleum ether solvent circulation recycled is for step 1.
Step 3: heisuojin dissolution
Acetone solvent, heisuojin/al powder mixt and acetone is added in the resulting heisuojin/al powder mixt of step 1 With mass volume ratio 1:2.215 (< 1:2.015,40 DEG C at), acetone is excessive to guarantee that heisuojin can be completely dissolved, but cannot It is excessive too many, otherwise increase the recovery difficult of step 4 acetone solvent, opens stirring, revolving speed 220rpm, because solution temperature is too low Dissolution is slow, the too high acetone volatilization of temperature is too fast, therefore sets 40 DEG C of solution temperature, dissolves to heisuojin, dissolves 40min Afterwards, heisuojin solution and aluminium powder is obtained by filtration.
Heisuojin solubility in acetone and corresponding mass volume ratio under 2 different temperatures of table
Step 4: heisuojin evaporative crystallization and acetone solvent recycling
Crystallization, setting evaporation temperature are evaporated to the resulting heisuojin solution of step 3 in the crystallization kettle equipped with condenser Degree is 50 DEG C, vacuum degree 0.03MPa, and condenser carries out condensation collection to the acetone steam being evaporated using tap water, is used Tap water carries out room temperature washing, the thermostatted water that it is 60 DEG C to temperature that the wet product heisuojin after washing, which is sent, to the heisuojin that recycling obtains Oven drying 6h is bathed, condenser is no more than 20 DEG C of tap water using temperature and carries out condensation collection to the acetone steam being evaporated, Obtained acetone solvent circulation is recycled for step 3.
The rate of recovery for recycling heisuojin in above-mentioned 3 embodiments is calculated, is returned using high effective liquid chromatography for measuring Receive heisuojin purity, using DSC thermal decomposition method measure recycling heisuojin fusing point (GJB296A-95 require heisuojin fusing point >= 200℃).It calculates and test result such as table 3.
The relevant parameter of the recycling heisuojin of table 3
Above calculate shows the waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method invented with test result, is limiting range Ideal with the experimental result under experiment condition, product purity and the rate of recovery are high, fusing point meet GJB296A-95 heisuojin fusing point >= 200 DEG C of requirement, it is close with measured in GJB296A-95 205.5 DEG C of heisuojin fusing point, and the experiment knot of three embodiments Fruit difference is small, illustrates that experiment condition is stablized, favorable repeatability.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: deterrent dissolution
Waste and old blunt black aluminium and petroleum ether solvent are added in dissolution kettle, mass volume ratio is less than 1:0.032~0.500, stone used 60~90 DEG C of oily ether boiling range opens stirring, and revolving speed is not less than 150rpm, 10~40 DEG C of solution temperature is set, in blunt black aluminium Deterrent is dissolved, and insensitiveness agent solution and heisuojin/al powder mixt is obtained by filtration.
Step 2: petroleum ether solvent recycling
The evaporating kettle for being furnished with condenser is added in the resulting insensitiveness agent solution of step 1, sets 50 DEG C of heating temperature, setting evaporation Vacuum degree is 0.04~0.05MPa, and tap water of the condenser using temperature no more than 20 DEG C is to the petroleum ether steam being evaporated Condensation collection is carried out, the petroleum ether solvent circulation recycled is for step 1.
Step 3: heisuojin dissolution
Acetone solvent, heisuojin/al powder mixt and acetone aglycon is added in the resulting heisuojin/al powder mixt of step 1 Measure volume ratio be less than 1:2.015, open stirring, revolving speed be not less than 150rpm, set 40~45 DEG C of solution temperature, to heisuojin into Row dissolution, is obtained by filtration heisuojin solution and aluminium powder.
Step 4: heisuojin evaporative crystallization and acetone solvent recycling
Equipped with condenser crystallization kettle in crystallization is evaporated to the resulting heisuojin solution of step 3, set evaporating temperature as 50 DEG C, vacuum degree 0.03MPa, condenser carries out condensation collection to the acetone steam being evaporated using tap water, using originally Water carries out room temperature washing to the heisuojin that recycling obtains, and the wet product heisuojin after washing send the water bath with thermostatic control for being 60 DEG C to temperature to dry Case dries 4~6h, and condenser is no more than 20 DEG C of tap water using temperature and carries out condensation collection to the acetone steam being evaporated, returns Obtained acetone solvent circulation is received for step 3.
2. a kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1 is blunt Feeling agent solution temperature is 30~35 DEG C.
3. a kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1 is useless The mass volume ratio of old blunt black aluminium and petroleum ether solvent is 1:0.040~0.058.
4. a kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3 is black Suo Jin/al powder mixt and acetone match mass volume ratio 1:2.115~2.165.
CN201811396019.7A 2018-11-22 2018-11-22 A kind of waste and old blunt black al explosive separation and recovery method Pending CN109706317A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115947638A (en) * 2022-12-27 2023-04-11 西安近代化学研究所 Recycling method of CL-20-based energetic binder insensitive explosive
CN115959955A (en) * 2022-12-27 2023-04-14 西安近代化学研究所 CL-20-based aluminum-containing explosive recovery process
CN115959955B (en) * 2022-12-27 2024-05-10 西安近代化学研究所 CL-20-based aluminum-containing explosive recycling process

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CN107098867A (en) * 2017-04-20 2017-08-29 中国人民解放军63908部队 A kind of method for extracting hexogen in solid cloud detonator

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115947638A (en) * 2022-12-27 2023-04-11 西安近代化学研究所 Recycling method of CL-20-based energetic binder insensitive explosive
CN115959955A (en) * 2022-12-27 2023-04-14 西安近代化学研究所 CL-20-based aluminum-containing explosive recovery process
CN115959955B (en) * 2022-12-27 2024-05-10 西安近代化学研究所 CL-20-based aluminum-containing explosive recycling process

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Application publication date: 20190503