CN109705148B - Aromatic ring compound, display panel, and display device - Google Patents
Aromatic ring compound, display panel, and display device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic electroluminescence, and provides an aromatic ring compound which has a structure shown in a chemical formula I. When the compound of the present invention is used as a CPL (cap layer) of an organic light emitting device (e.g., OLED), it is possible to improve light extraction efficiency and light emitting efficiency (most effective for blue pixels in particular) of a top emission organic light emitting display device, and to alleviate the angle dependence of light emission of the OLED device (most effective for red/green pixels). Meanwhile, the CPL can effectively block water and oxygen in the external environment, and the OLED display panel is protected from being corroded by the water and the oxygen.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic electroluminescent materials, in particular to an aromatic ring compound, a display panel comprising the aromatic ring compound and a display device comprising the aromatic ring compound.
Background
OLEDs have advanced significantly over decades. Although the internal quantum efficiency of the OLED is close to 100%, the external quantum efficiency is only about 20%. Most of the light emitted from the OLED is confined inside the light emitting device due to substrate mode loss, surface plasmon loss, waveguide effect, and the like, resulting in a large amount of energy loss.
In the top-emitting device, a Layer of organic covering Layer (CPL) is evaporated on a semitransparent metal aluminum electrode to adjust the optical interference distance, inhibit external light reflection and inhibit extinction caused by surface plasma body movement, so that the light extraction efficiency is improved, and the light-emitting efficiency of the OLED device is improved.
OLEDs have high requirements on the performance of CPL materials: no absorption in the visible wavelength region (400 nm-700 nm); high refractive index (generally n >2.1), small extinction coefficient (k is less than or equal to 0.00) in the wavelength range of 400nm to 600 nm; high glass transition temperature and molecular thermal stability (high glass transition temperature while allowing evaporation without thermal decomposition).
The prior CPL material mostly adopts aromatic amine derivatives, phosphorus oxy derivatives and quinolinone derivatives, has the functions of hole transmission and electron transmission, and improves the light extraction efficiency to a certain extent. However, the refractive index of the existing CPL material is generally below 1.9, and cannot meet the requirement of high refractive index; amine derivatives having a specific structure with a high refractive index and using a material satisfying specific parameters improve light extraction efficiency, but do not solve the problem of light emission efficiency (particularly for blue light emitting elements). In order to increase the molecular density and achieve high thermal stability of the materials in the prior art, the designed molecular structure is large and loose, and tight accumulation among molecules cannot be achieved, so that too many molecular gel holes are formed during evaporation, and the covering tightness is poor. For example, most of the electron transport materials currently used in the market, such as bathophenanthroline (BPhen), Bathocuproine (BCP) and TmPyPB (1,3, 5-Tri-3-yl-phenyl) bezene, can substantially meet the market demand of organic electroluminescent panels, but have a low glass transition temperature, generally less than 85 ℃, and when an organic light emitting device is operated, the generated joule heat causes degradation of molecules and change of molecular structure, resulting in low panel efficiency and poor thermal stability. Therefore, a new CPL material needs to be developed, so as to improve the performance of the OLED device.
Disclosure of Invention
In one aspect, the present invention provides an aromatic ring compound having a structure represented by formula i:
chemical formula I
Wherein m is 0, 1 or 2;
X1-X6each independently selected from N atoms or C atoms, and X1-X6Wherein 1-3 are nitrogen atoms;
Ar1-Ar4each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aromatic ring, substituted or unsubstituted C8-C60 fused aromatic ring, substituted or unsubstituted C4-C60 heteroaromatic ring and substituted or unsubstituted C8-C60 fused aromatic ring.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a display panel, including an organic light emitting device, where the organic light emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, a cap layer located on a side of the cathode away from the anode, and an organic layer located between the anode and the cathode, where the organic layer includes a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and a light emitting layer, and at least one of the cap layer, the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, and the light emitting layer is made of the aromatic ring compound according to the present invention.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a display device comprising the display panel as described above.
In the novel aromatic ring compound of the present invention, Ar is bonded to1And Ar2The aromatic ring compound is selected from aromatic rings or fused aromatic rings, so that the aromatic ring compound has higher refractive index, shorter conjugation length and better absorption by combining the molecular configuration of the aromatic ring compound. When used as a CPL cap layer of an organic light-emitting display device (such as an OLED), the light extraction efficiency and the light-emitting efficiency (especially for blue light) of a top-emitting organic photoelectric device can be improvedThe most efficient pixel), the angular dependence of the OLED device emission (most efficient for red/green pixels) is mitigated. The aromatic ring compounds have smaller extinction coefficient in a blue light region (400-450nm), almost do not absorb blue light, and are beneficial to improving the luminous efficiency. Meanwhile, the CPL can effectively block water and oxygen in the external environment, and the OLED display panel is protected from being corroded by the water and the oxygen.
In addition, the electron transport layer needs to be doped with metal cations or metal oxides, so that the compound material with a specific structure can effectively coat metal ions together, promote the electron transport and improve the performance of the device.
The compound of the invention has high refractive index, can be effectively doped with metal ions, and can be applied to different organic light-emitting functional layers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a chemical formula of a compound provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an OLED device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The technical scheme of the invention is to be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the scope of the technical scheme of the invention, and the technical scheme of the invention is covered by the protection scope of the invention.
One aspect of the present invention provides an aromatic ring compound having a structure represented by formula i:
chemical formula I
Wherein m is 0, 1 or 2;
X1-X6each independently selected fromN atom or C atom, and X1-X6Wherein 1-3 are nitrogen atoms;
Ar1-Ar4each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aromatic ring, substituted or unsubstituted C8-C60 fused aromatic ring, substituted or unsubstituted C4-C60 heteroaromatic ring and substituted or unsubstituted C8-C60 fused aromatic ring.
In the formula I, the novel aromatic ring compound of the present invention is obtained by the above Ar1And Ar2Selected from aromatic rings or fused aromatic rings, has higher refractive index; by combining the molecular configuration of the aromatic ring compound, the conjugated length is shorter, the extinction coefficient is smaller in a blue light region (400-450nm), and the blue light is hardly absorbed, so that the luminous efficiency of the device is favorably improved.
Meanwhile, the novel aromatic ring compound is doped with metal cations or metal oxides, so that metal ions can be effectively coated, the transmission of electrons is promoted, and the performance of the device is improved.
According to one embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, Ar1-Ar4Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted anthryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl, substituted or unsubstituted benzophenanthryl, substituted or unsubstituted acenaphthenyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrenyl, substituted or unsubstituted perylene, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted spirobifluorenyl
A group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzanthracene group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluoranthene group, a substituted or unsubstituted picene group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoxalinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthroline group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzophenanthroline group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenazine group.
According to one embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present inventionIn the chemical formula I, Ar1-Ar4Each independently selected from one of the groups represented by the following chemical formulae 2A to 2L:
wherein Z is1、Z2And Z3Each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a thioether group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted anthracenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted quinolyl group; p, q and r may be integers of 0 to 3, respectively, Z1、Z2And Z3Are the same or different from each other;
# denotes the ligation site.
According to an embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, in the formula I, Ar1And Ar3Are selected from the same substituents.
According to an embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, in the formula I, Ar2And Ar4Are selected from the same substituents.
According to an embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, in the chemical formula I, Ar is1-Ar4Are selected from the same substituents.
According to an embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, in the formula I, X1-X6One of which is a nitrogen atom.
According to an embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, in the formula I, X1-X6Two of which are nitrogen atoms.
According to an embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, in the formula I, X1-X6Three of them are nitrogen atoms.
Aromatic cyclization according to the inventionAn embodiment of the compound of formula i, wherein m is 1, and X1And X4Is a nitrogen atom.
According to one embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, Ar1And Ar3Each independently selected from one of the following groups:
where, # denotes the ligation position.
According to one embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, Ar2And Ar4Each independently selected from one of the following groups:
where, # denotes the ligation position.
According to one embodiment of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention, the aromatic ring compound is selected from any one of the following compounds:
according to the aromatic ring compound, the refractive index n of the aromatic ring compound is more than or equal to 1.9 for visible light with the wavelength of between 400 and 700 nm.
According to the aromatic ring compound, the extinction coefficient k of the aromatic ring compound is less than or equal to 0.0 for visible light with the wavelength of 430-700 nm.
The aromatic ring compound has higher refractive index, and when the aromatic ring compound is used as a CPL capping layer of an OLED device, the External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of the organic photoelectric device can be effectively improved. Particularly has a small extinction coefficient in a blue light region (400-450nm), and almost does not absorb blue light, thereby further being beneficial to improving the luminous efficiency.
The invention also provides a display panel, which comprises an organic light-emitting device, wherein the organic light-emitting device comprises an anode, a cathode, a cap layer and an organic layer, the anode and the cathode are oppositely arranged, the cap layer is positioned on one side of the cathode, which is far away from the anode, the organic layer is positioned between the anode and the cathode, the organic layer comprises an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer and a light-emitting layer, and the material of at least one of the cap layer, the electron transport layer, the hole transport layer and the light-emitting layer is the aromatic ring compound.
According to the invention, the cathode overlaps the cap layer, and the transmittance of the cap layer to visible light with the wavelength of 400-700nm is more than 65%.
The aromatic ring compound of the present invention can be used not only as a material for the cap layer CPL of the organic light-emitting device but also as a material for the auxiliary electron transport layer and a material for the light-emitting layer.
According to one embodiment of the display panel of the present invention, an energy level difference between a LUMO energy level value of the aromatic ring compound and a LUMO energy level value of a material of an adjacent light emitting layer is less than 0.2 eV; and the HOMO energy level value of the compound is at least more than 0.3eV higher than that of the material of the adjacent light-emitting layer.
According to one embodiment of the display panel of the present invention, the organic light emitting device further includes an electron injection layer, and an energy level difference between a LUMO energy level value of the compound and a LUMO energy level value of a material of the electron injection layer is less than 0.2 eV; and the HOMO energy level value of the compound is at least more than 0.3eV higher than that of the material of the adjacent light-emitting layer.
According to one embodiment of the display panel of the present invention, the display panel further includes one or more layers of a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, and an electron injection layer. By adding the functional layers, the injection of electrons and holes can be more effectively realized, the transmission of the electrons and the holes is more balanced, and the efficiency of the device is improved. Meanwhile, the added hole blocking layer can effectively block holes from penetrating through the light emitting layer to reach an electron transmission interface, and the electron blocking layer can effectively block electrons from penetrating through the light emitting layer to reach the hole transmission interface, so that quenching of the holes and the electrons caused by the electron blocking layer is avoided to a certain extent.
In the organic light emitting device of the present invention, the anode material may be selected from metals such as copper, gold, silver, iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, palladium, platinum, etc., and alloys thereof; metal oxides such as indium oxide, zinc oxide, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), and the like; examples of the conductive polymer include polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly (3-methylthiophene). In addition to the above materials and combinations thereof that facilitate hole injection, the anode material may include other known materials suitable for use as an anode.
In the organic light emitting device of the present invention, the cathode material may be selected from metals such as aluminum, magnesium, silver, indium, tin, titanium, etc., and alloys thereof; multilayer metallic materials, e.g. LiF/Al, LiO2/Al、 BaF2Al, etc. In addition to the above materials and combinations thereof that facilitate electron injection, the cathode material can include other known materials suitable for use as a cathode.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an organic light emitting device may be fabricated by: an anode is formed on a transparent or opaque smooth substrate, an organic thin layer is formed on the anode, and a cathode is formed on the organic thin layer. The organic thin layer can be formed by a known film formation method such as evaporation, sputtering, spin coating, dipping, ion plating, or the like. Finally, an organic optical cover layer CPL (cap layer) is prepared on the cathode. The material of the optical cover layer CPL is an aromatic ring compound according to the present invention. The optical coating CPL can be produced by evaporation or solution processing. Solution processing methods include ink jet printing, spin coating, doctor blade coating, screen printing, roll-to-roll printing, and the like.
Several exemplary synthetic examples of aromatic ring compounds are provided below.
Example 1
Synthesis of Compound CP004
In a 250mL round bottom flask, 3, 5-dibromobiphenyl (15mmol) and potassium acetate (40mmol) were mixed with dry 1, 4-dioxane (60mL), Pd (PPh)3)2Cl2(0.4mmol) and pinacol diboron (25mmol) were mixed and stirred at 90 ℃ under nitrogen for 48 hours. The resulting intermediate was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a pad of celite, the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give intermediate CP 004-1.
In a 250ml round-bottom flask, CP004-1(10mmol), 4-bromo-2-phenyl- [1, 10%]Phenanthroline (12mmol) and Pd (PPh)3)4(0.3mmol) was added to a mixture of toluene (30 ml)/ethanol (20ml) and aqueous potassium carbonate (12mmol) (10ml) and the reaction was refluxed for 12h under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting product was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate CP 004-2.
Intermediate CP004-2(15mmol) and potassium acetate (40mmol) were mixed with dry 1, 4-dioxane (60ml), Pd (PPh) in a 250ml round bottom flask3)2Cl2(0.4mmol) and pinacol diboron (25mmol) were mixed and stirred at 90 ℃ under nitrogen for 48 hours. The resulting intermediate was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a pad of celite, the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give intermediate CP 004-3.
In a 250ml round bottom flask, CP004-3(10mmol), CP004-2(10mmol) and Pd (PPh)3)4(0.3mmol) was added to a mixture of toluene (30 ml)/ethanol (20ml) and aqueous potassium carbonate (12mmol) (10ml), and the mixture was refluxed under nitrogen atmosphereThe reaction was carried out for 12 h. The resulting product was cooled to room temperature, added to water and then filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the final product CP 004.
Compound CP004 elemental analysis Structure (molecular formula C)60H38N4): theoretical value: c, 88.43; h, 4.70; and N, 6.87. Test values are: c, 88.43; h, 4.71; and N, 6.86. ESI-MS (M/z) (M +) by liquid mass spectrometry: the theoretical value is 814.31 and the test value is 814.67.
Example 2
Synthesis of Compound CP017
In a 250ml round bottom flask, 3, 5-dibromobiphenyl (15mmol) and potassium acetate (40mmol) were mixed with dry 1, 4-dioxane (60ml), Pd (PPh)3)2Cl2(0.4mmol) and pinacol diboron (25mmol) were mixed and stirred at 90 ℃ under nitrogen for 48 hours. The resulting intermediate was cooled to room temperature, added to water, and then filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate CP 017-1.
In a 250ml round-bottom flask, CP017-1(10mmol) and 2-bromo- [1, 10%]Phenanthroline (12mmol) and Pd (PPh)3)4(0.3mmol) was added to a mixture of toluene (30 ml)/ethanol (20ml) and aqueous potassium carbonate (12mmol) (10ml) and the reaction was refluxed for 12h under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting product was cooled to room temperature, added to water, and then filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate CP 017-2.
In a 250ml round bottom flask, intermediate CP017-2(15mmol) and potassium acetate (40mmol) were mixed with dried 1, 4-dioxane (60ml), Pd (PPh)3)2Cl2(0.4mmol) and pinacol diboron (25mmol) were mixed and stirred at 90 ℃ under nitrogen for 48 hours. The resulting intermediate was cooled to room temperature, added to water, and then filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate CP 017-3.
In a 250ml round-bottom flask, CP017-3(10mmol), 2, 5-dibromopyrazine (10mmol) and Pd (PPh)3)4(0.3mmol) was added to a mixture of toluene (30 ml)/ethanol (20ml) and aqueous potassium carbonate (12mmol) (10ml) and the reaction was refluxed for 12h under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting product was cooled to room temperature, added to water, and then filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the final product CP 017.
Elemental analysis structure of compound CP017 (molecular formula C017)52H32N6): theoretical value: c, 84.30; h, 4.35; n, 11.34. Test values are: c, 84.30; h, 4.34; n, 11.35. ESI-MS (M/z) (M +) by liquid mass spectrometry: the theoretical value is 740.27 and the test value is 740.85.
Example 3
Synthesis of Compound CP020
In a 250ml round bottom flask, 3, 5-dibromobiphenyl (15mmol) and potassium acetate (40mmol) were mixed with dry 1, 4-dioxane (60ml), Pd (PPh)3)2Cl2(0.4mmol) and pinacol diboron (25mmol) were mixed and stirred at 90 ℃ under nitrogen for 48 hours. The resulting intermediate was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give intermediate CP 020-1.
Firing in 250ml round bottomIn a bottle, CP020-1(10mmol), 2-bromo-quinoline (12mmol) and Pd (PPh)3)4(0.3mmol) was added to a mixture of toluene (30 ml)/ethanol (20ml) and aqueous potassium carbonate (12mmol) (10ml) and the reaction was refluxed for 12h under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting product was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give intermediate CP 020-2.
In a 250ml round bottom flask, intermediate CP020-2(15mmol) and potassium acetate (40mmol) were mixed with dry 1, 4-dioxane (60ml), Pd (PPh)3)2Cl2(0.4mmol) and pinacol diboron (25mmol) were mixed and stirred at 90 ℃ under nitrogen for 48 hours. The resulting intermediate was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give intermediate CP 020-3.
In a 250ml round-bottom flask, CP020-3(10mmol), 2, 5-dibromopyrazine (10mmol) and Pd (PPh)3)4(0.3mmol) was added to a mixture of toluene (30 ml)/ethanol (20ml) and aqueous potassium carbonate (12mmol) (10ml) and the reaction was refluxed for 12h under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting product was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a pad of celite, the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the final product CP 020.
Elemental analysis structure (molecular formula C) of compound CP02046H30N4): theoretical value: c, 86.49; h, 4.73; n, 8.77. Test values are: c, 86.49; h, 4.72; n, 8.78. ESI-MS (M/z) (M +) by liquid mass spectrometry: the theoretical value is 638.25 and the test value is 638.76.
Example 4
Synthesis of Compound CP037
In a 250ml round bottom flask, 3- (3, 5-dibromophenyl) pyridine (15mmol) and potassium acetate (40mmol) were mixed with dry 1, 4-dioxane (60ml), Pd (PPh)3)2Cl2(0.4mmol) and pinacol diboron (25mmol) were mixed and stirred at 90 ℃ under nitrogen for 48 hours. The resulting intermediate was cooled to room temperature, added to water, and then filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate CP 037-1.
In a 250ml round-bottom flask, CP037-1(10mmol), 9-bromophenanthrene (12mmol) and Pd (PPh)3)4(0.3mmol) was added to a mixture of toluene (30 ml)/ethanol (20ml) and aqueous potassium carbonate (12mmol) (10ml) and the reaction was refluxed for 12h under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting product was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give intermediate CP 037-2.
Intermediate CP037-2(15mmol) and potassium acetate (40mmol) were mixed with dry 1, 4-dioxane (60ml), Pd (PPh) in a 250ml round bottom flask3)2Cl2(0.4mmol) and pinacol diboron (25mmol) were mixed and stirred at 90 ℃ under nitrogen for 48 hours. The resulting intermediate was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give intermediate CP 037-3.
In a 250ml round-bottom flask, CP037-3(10mmol), 2, 5-dibromopyridine (10mmol) and Pd (PPh)3)4(0.3mmol) was added to a mixture of toluene (30 ml)/ethanol (20ml) and aqueous potassium carbonate (12mmol) (10ml) and the reaction was refluxed for 12h under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting product was cooled to room temperature, added to water, then filtered through a pad of celite, the filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane, then washed with water and dried over anhydrous sulfuric acidAfter drying, filtration and evaporation of the magnesium, the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the final product CP 037.
Compound CP037 elemental analysis Structure (molecular formula C)55H35N3): theoretical value: c, 89.52; h, 4.78; and N, 5.69. Test values are: c, 89.52; h, 4.79; and N, 5.68. ESI-MS (M/z) (M +) by liquid mass spectrometry: the theoretical value is 737.28 and the test value is 737.76.
Table 1 lists the energy level and refractive index test results for the aromatic ring compounds of the present invention. In Table 1, a comparison was made using CBP, Alq3 and TPBI.
TABLE 1 energy level and refractive index test results
In the case of n @450, n @450 denotes a refractive index of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention at a wavelength of 450 nm.
As can be seen from the above table 1, for visible light with the wavelength of 450-620nm, the refractive indexes of the aromatic ring compounds CP004, CP017, CP020 and CP037 of the invention are all larger than 1.9, which satisfies the refractive index requirement of the light emitting device for CPL, and compared with the traditional compounds of CBP, Alq3 and TPBi, the CPL material of the invention has a higher refractive index. In addition, the aromatic ring compounds CP004, CP017, CP020 and CP037 have deeper HOMO energy levels, and can effectively block holes in the light-emitting layer; meanwhile, the compounds CP004, CP020 and CP037 have higher triplet state energy levels (> 2.75eV), and can effectively prevent charge back-transfer, thereby realizing higher luminous efficiency.
An exemplary embodiment is provided below to illustrate the technical effects of the aromatic ring compound of the present invention in practical application by the application of the aromatic ring compound in an organic light emitting device.
Example 5
The present embodiment provides an organic light emitting device. As shown in fig. 2, the organic light emitting device includes: the structure of the LED comprises a glass substrate 1, an ITO anode 2, a first hole transport layer 3, a second hole transport layer 4, a light emitting layer 5, a first electron transport layer 6, a second electron transport layer 7, a cathode 8 (a magnesium-silver electrode, the mass ratio of magnesium to silver is 9:1) and a cap layer (CPL)9, wherein the thickness of the ITO anode 2 is 15nm, the thickness of the first hole transport layer 3 is 10nm, the thickness of the second hole transport layer 4 is 110nm, the thickness of the light emitting layer 5 is 30nm, the thickness of the first electron transport layer 6 is 30nm, the thickness of the second electron transport layer 7 is 5nm, the thickness of the magnesium-silver electrode 8 is 15nm and the thickness of the cap layer (CPL)9 is 100 nm.
The organic light-emitting device of the present invention is prepared by the following steps:
1) the glass substrate 1 was cut into a size of 50mm × 50mm × 0.7mm, sonicated in isopropanol and deionized water for 30 minutes, respectively, and then exposed to ozone for about 10 minutes to clean; mounting the obtained glass substrate with the ITO anode on a vacuum deposition device;
2) evaporating a hole injection layer material HAT-CN on the ITO anode layer 2 in a vacuum evaporation mode, wherein the thickness of the hole injection layer material HAT-CN is 10nm, and the layer is used as a first hole transport layer 3;
3) vacuum evaporating a second hole transport layer 2 material TAPC with the thickness of 110nm on the first hole transport layer 3 to form a second hole transport layer 4;
4) a light-emitting layer 5 is co-deposited on the hole transport layer 4, wherein CBP is used as a main material, Ir (ppy)3As doping material, Ir (ppy)3The mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to CBP is 1:9, and the thickness is 30 nm;
5) vacuum evaporating a first electron transport layer 6 on the light-emitting layer 5, wherein the material of the first electron transport layer 6 is TPBI, and the thickness is 30 nm;
6) a second electron transport layer 7 is vacuum-evaporated on the first electron transport layer 6, the material of the second electron transport layer 7 is Alq3, and the thickness is 5 nm;
7) a magnesium silver electrode is evaporated on the second electron transport layer 7 in vacuum, wherein the mass ratio of Mg to Ag is 9:1, the thickness is 15nm, and the magnesium silver electrode is used as a cathode 8;
8) the compound CP004 of the present invention was vacuum-deposited on the cathode 8 to a thickness of 100nm, and used as a cathode capping layer (cap layer or CPL) 9.
Example 6
The device fabrication process is the same as example 5, except that the host material is CP017, and the other layers are the same.
Example 7
The device manufacturing process is the same as that of example 5, except that the main material is CP020, and the materials of other layers are the same.
Example 8
The device fabrication process is the same as example 5, except that the host material is CP037, and the materials of the other layers are the same.
Device comparative example 1'
The device manufacturing process is the same as that of example 1, except that the host material is CBP, and the materials of the other layers are the same.
Table 2 test results of luminescence properties of devices
As can be seen from table 2 above, the driving voltage of the device using the aromatic ring compound of the present invention as the CPL material is lower than that of the comparative device 1', and the reduction range is about 8%, so that the power consumption of the light emitting device can be effectively reduced. Compared with the comparison device 1', the external quantum efficiency and the current efficiency of the device adopting the aromatic ring compound as the CPL material are obviously improved by about 25 percent and 20 percent respectively. In addition, similar effects can be produced by using the aromatic ring compound of the present invention as an electron transporting material.
Still another aspect of the present invention also provides a display device including the organic light emitting display panel as described above.
In the present invention, the organic light emitting device may be an OLED, which may be used in an organic light emitting display device, wherein the organic light emitting display device may be a display screen of a mobile phone, a computer display screen, a display screen of a liquid crystal television, a display screen of a smart watch, a display panel of a smart car, a display screen of a VR or AR helmet, a display screen of various smart devices, and the like. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 3, 11 denotes a display screen of the cellular phone.
Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and many possible variations and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application.
Claims (18)
1. An aromatic ring compound having a structure represented by formula i:
chemical formula I
Wherein m is 0, 1 or 2;
X1-X6each independently selected from the group consisting of N atoms orC atom, and X1-X6Wherein 1-3 are nitrogen atoms;
Ar2and Ar4Each independently selected from one of the following groups:
wherein Z is1、Z2And Z3Each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a thioether group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyridyl group and a quinolyl group; p, q and r are each an integer of 0 to 3, Z1、Z2And Z3Are the same or different from each other;
# denotes the ligation site;
Ar1and Ar3Each independently selected from one of the following groups:
where, # denotes the ligation position.
2. The aromatic ring compound according to claim 1, wherein in the formula I, Ar is1And Ar3Are selected from the same substituents.
3. The aromatic ring compound according to claim 1, wherein in the formula I, Ar is2And Ar4Are selected from the same substituents.
4. The aromatic ring compound according to claim 1, wherein in the formula I, Ar is Ar1-Ar4Are selected from the same substituents.
5. The aromatic ring compound of claim 1Characterized in that, in the formula I, X1-X6One of which is a nitrogen atom.
6. The aromatic ring compound according to claim 1, wherein in the formula I, X is1-X6Two of which are nitrogen atoms.
7. The aromatic ring compound according to claim 1, wherein in the formula I, X is1-X6Three of them are nitrogen atoms.
8. The aromatic ring compound according to claim 1, wherein in the formula i, m is 1, and X is1And X4Is a nitrogen atom.
9. The aromatic ring compound according to claim 1, wherein Ar is Ar2And Ar4Each independently selected from one of the following groups:
where, # denotes the ligation position.
10. An aromatic ring compound, characterized in that the aromatic ring compound is selected from any one of the following compounds:
11. the aromatic ring compound according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the refractive index n of the aromatic ring compound is 1.9 or more for visible light having a wavelength of 400-700 nm.
12. The aromatic ring compound according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the extinction coefficient k of the aromatic ring compound is 0.0 or less for visible light having a wavelength of 430-700 nm.
13. A display panel comprising an organic light emitting device, wherein the organic light emitting device comprises an anode, a cathode, a cap layer located at a side of the cathode away from the anode, and an organic layer located between the anode and the cathode, the organic layer comprises an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, and a light emitting layer, and the material of at least one of the cap layer, the electron transport layer, the hole transport layer, and the light emitting layer is the aromatic ring compound according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
14. The display panel of claim 13, wherein the cathode overlaps the cap layer with a transmittance of > 65% for visible light at 400-700 nm.
15. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein an energy level difference between a LUMO energy level value of the compound and a LUMO energy level value of a material of an adjacent light-emitting layer is less than 0.2 eV; and the HOMO energy level value of the compound is at least more than 0.3eV higher than that of the material of the adjacent light-emitting layer.
16. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the organic light-emitting device further comprises an electron injection layer, and wherein an energy level difference between a LUMO level value of the compound and a LUMO level value of a material of the electron injection layer is less than 0.2 eV; and the HOMO energy level value of the compound is at least more than 0.3eV higher than that of the material of the adjacent light-emitting layer.
17. The display panel according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the display panel further comprises one or more layers of a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, and an electron injection layer.
18. A display device comprising the display panel according to any one of claims 13 to 17.
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