CN109703332B - 热交换器装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种热交换器装置,包括具有外壁(24)和内壁(30)的热交换器壳体(16),外壁和内壁界定能由载热介质(M)穿流的载热介质流动空间(36),在外壁中构成有至少一个传感器容纳开口(42),传感器(40)流体密封地、可移动地、以流动空间嵌入区域(50)嵌入到载热介质流动空间(36)中地并且支撑在内壁(30)上地被容纳在所述至少一个传感器容纳开口中,给传感器配设预紧机构(52),该预紧机构加载传感器以用于将传感器支撑在内壁上,预紧机构在固定区域(54)中关于至少局部地包围热交换器装置(22)的外壳(58)被固定,并且预紧机构在加载区域(56)中加载传感器(40)以用于将传感器支撑在内壁上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热交换器装置,该热交换器装置例如用于用燃料运行的车辆加热装置。
背景技术
尤其在所谓的水加热器情况下,热交换器装置包括基本上为锅形结构的热交换器壳体,该热交换器壳体例如具有两个彼此置入的锅形壳体部件。这两个壳体部件中的内部部件形成具有内环周壁和内底壁的内壁。这两个壳体部件中的外部壳体部件形成具有外环周壁和外底壁的外壁。在内壁与外壁之间界定载热介质流动空间,该载热介质流动空间能由载热介质、例如水穿流。
可以设置传感器、例如温度传感器(其穿过外壳中的传感器容纳开口),以便一方面提供关于载热介质和/或热交换器装置的热状态信息和另一方面因此提供关于配备热交换器装置的车辆加热器的热状态信息。可以将这种传感器以流动空间嵌入区域嵌入定位到载热介质流动空间中,以便在那里与存在于或流入载热介质流动空间中的载热介质进行热相互作用。另外,该传感器还可以以流动空间嵌入区域支撑定位在内壁上,以便通过这种方式和方法与内壁进行直接热相互作用并且也能提供代表内壁热状态的信息。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种热交换器装置,该热交换器装置例如用于用燃料运行的车辆加热装置,该热交换器装置以简单但可靠的方式和方法允许嵌入定位到载热介质流动空间中的传感器的正确定位。
根据本发明,该任务通过一种热交换器装置得以解决,该热交换器装置特别是用于用燃料运行的车辆加热器的热交换器装置,该热交换器装置包括具有外壁和内壁的热交换器壳体,其中,外壁和内壁界定能由载热介质穿流的载热介质流动空间,其中,在外壁中构成有至少一个传感器容纳开口,传感器流体密封地、可移动地、以流动空间嵌入区域嵌入到载热介质流动空间中地并且支撑在内壁上地被容纳在所述至少一个传感器容纳开口中,给传感器配设预紧机构,该预紧机构加载传感器以用于将传感器支撑在内壁上,其中,预紧机构在固定区域中关于至少局部地包围热交换器装置的外壳被固定,并且预紧机构在加载区域中加载传感器以用于将传感器支撑在内壁上。
在根据本发明构造的热交换器装置中,预紧机构基本上被承载在外壳上,从而在将外壳安装在热交换器装置或安装在具有热交换器装置的加热器上时,预紧机构与可被预紧机构加载的传感器发生相互作用,并且不必提供另外的安装措施或安装准备措施来使得或保持传感器与预紧机构发生相互作用。
在一个特别优选的设计方案中可以规定,预紧机构在其加载区域中关于传感器被支撑,并且在外壳上与传感器容纳开口相对置地设有预紧机构支座区域。预紧机构因此可以一方面支撑在传感器上,另一方面支撑在外壳上,从而避免由于对传感器加载而加负载于固定区域的基本反作用力。
为了在外壳被安装的情况下能够检查,是否设有预紧机构以及预紧机构是否设置在正确的位置上,提出在外壳的预紧机构支座区域中设有开口。
为了可简单实现、但可靠的预紧相互作用,预紧机构可以在其加载区域中构成为U形,并且以第一U腿关于预紧机构支座区域被支撑,并且以第二U腿关于传感器被支撑。
为了避免在关于外壳支撑时在预紧机构加载区域的区域中的倾覆力矩而提出,在预紧机构支座区域中设有与传感器的纵向中轴线或/和容纳传感器的传感器容纳开口的纵向中轴线基本上正交的支座面,该支座面用于支撑预紧机构的加载区域。
为了关于外壳固定预紧机构,外壳可以具有朝向外壁突出的、并且嵌入到固定区域的固定开口中的固定突出部。
在此,当在固定开口的内环周上设有多个作用在固定突出部外环周表面上的嵌入突出部时,可以以简单的方式和方法防止预紧机构从固定突出部上松脱。
为了在将固定区域推套到固定突出部上时以简单的方式和方法使嵌入突出部变形,并在此使嵌入突出部以在预紧力作用下作用在固定突出部外环周表面上的方式定位,固定突出部可以构造为朝向外壁优选锥形渐缩。
在一种用于固定预紧机构的备选设计方案中提出,固定开口成形为钥匙孔状,并且固定突出部具有跨接固定开口狭窄区域的突出头。
为了防止预紧机构围绕固定突出部转动,可以在外壳上设有防转动成形部,该防转动成形部保持预紧机构以防止预紧机构围绕固定突出部转动,优选该防转动成形部具有至少一个朝向外壁突出的防转动突出部。
在一种简单但稳定并且基本上不受会改变的热环境条件妨碍的设计方案中,预紧机构可以构成为板簧状。在此,固定区域可以设置在预紧机构的一个端部区域中,而加载区域可以设置在预紧机构的另一端部区域中。外壳可以由塑料材料制成。传感器可以是温度传感器。
本发明还涉及一种用燃料运行的车辆加热器,该用燃料运行的车辆加热器包括燃烧器区域和根据本发明构成的热交换器装置。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细描述本发明,其中:
图1示出用燃料运行的车辆加热器的部分剖视示出的原理图;
图2示出使用在图1的车辆加热器中的、沿图1中的视线方向II的预紧机构视图;
图3示出设置在图1的车辆加热器中的外壳的透视图;
图4示出预紧机构的一种备选设计方案的与图2相对应的视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中,用燃料运行的车辆加热器通常用10标示。车辆加热器10包括燃烧器区域12,燃料和燃烧用空气供应到该燃烧器区域。在燃烧由燃料和燃烧用空气构成的混合物时产生的废气A从燃烧器区域12的燃烧室流动穿过火焰管14,并在火焰管的远离燃烧器区域12的轴向端部区域处离开火焰管。废气A在偏转到热交换器壳体16之后,沿着在热交换器壳体16和火焰管14之间形成的废气流动空间18回流到废气出口20。
通常以22标示的热交换器装置的热交换器壳体16具有外壁24,该外壁具有外环周壁26和外底壁28。热交换器壳体16还具有内壁30,该内壁具有内环周壁32和内底壁34。因此,配备有锅形结构的外壁24和同样构成有锅形结构的内壁30共同界定载热介质流动空间36。通过载热介质进口38可以将液态载热介质M(例如水)压入载热介质流动空间36中并穿流载热介质流动空间,液态载热介质在此通过与内壁30的热相互作用而吸收热量并且可以在图1未示出的载热介质出口处离开载热介质流动空间36,该载热介质出口可以定位于热交换器壳体16的与载热介质进口38相同的轴向端部区域中。
对于构成有锅形结构的热交换器壳体16而言,热负载强烈的内壁30由金属材料制成,例如由铝制成。热负载不那么强烈的外壁24基于更轻的重量原因及成本原因而有利地由塑料材料制成,并且例如通过粘贴与内壁30连接,以实现载热介质流动空间36的流体密封封闭。
为了提供关于载热介质M或/和内壁30的温度的信息,设有通常用40标示的温度传感器。该温度传感器40被容纳在传感器容纳开口42中,该传感器容纳开口42位于外壁24的外环周壁26中。为此,外环周壁26例如可以具有向外突出的传感器接管44。传感器40以承载区域46沿传感器40或传感器容纳开口42的纵向中轴线L的方向可移动地被容纳在传感器容纳开口42中。环形包围承载区域46的密封机构48、例如由橡胶材料制成的O形环提供在承载区域46和外环周壁26或传感器接管44之间的流体密封封闭。
传感器40以嵌入到载热介质流动空间36中的流动空间嵌入区域50延伸穿过载热介质流动空间36,并且沿纵向中轴线L的方向被支撑在内壁30的内环周壁32的外侧上。以这种方式和方法,传感器40与内壁30进行热相互作用并且可以提供代表内壁温度的信息。因此,传感器40尤其可以作为过热传感器工作,或者可以根据传感器40提供的信息推断出是否存在内壁30过热的危险。
为了将传感器40保持在其支撑在内壁30上的位置,设有通常用52标示的预紧机构。该预紧机构52例如板簧状地由金属板或弹簧钢或类似物制成,并且具有固定区域54和加载区域56。预紧机构52以其固定区域54被固定在图3中可看到的外壳58上。该外壳58优选由塑料材料制成,并且该外壳可以通过多个锁定接片60被固定在车辆加热器10上、特别是被固定在热交换器装置22的区域中并且将其部分遮盖。
图2示出的预紧机构52在其固定区域54中具有固定开口62。在固定开口的内环周上向内突出有多个嵌入突出部64。与固定开口62相配设地在外壳58上设有例如锥形渐缩的固定突出部66。预紧机构52以其固定开口62被推套到固定突出部66上。在此,嵌入突出部64与推套方向相反地稍微变形并因此在预紧力作用下作用在固定突出部66的外表面上。因为外壳58由塑料材料制成,所以形成预紧机构52的集成的组成部分的嵌入突出部64可以刻入固定突出部66的构成材料中,并且因此确保实现预紧机构52在外壳58上的稳定固定。在此为了防止预紧机构52围绕固定突出部66转动并且因此预定在外壳58上的限定位置,可以与预紧机构52相配设地并且与固定突出部66间隔开地设有防转动突出部68、70,所述防转动突出部在预紧机构52正确定位时定位在预紧机构两侧,并且因此防止预紧机构52转动或偏转。
预紧机构52在其加载区域56中构成为U形。预紧机构52以在其延长部中也提供固定区域54的第一U腿72支撑在形成于外壳58上的预紧机构支座区域74上。该预紧机构支座区域74提供与温度传感器40或传感器容纳开口42的纵向中轴线L基本正交的支座表面76,基本上平坦(即非弯曲)构成的第一U腿72面状贴靠在该支座表面上。
预紧机构52以其第二U腿78加载传感器40的承载区域46。第二U腿78可以朝向承载区域46凸出地拱曲,从而该第二U腿沿加载方向加载承载区域46的中心区域,该加载方向基本上沿纵向中轴线L指向。第二U腿78加载传感器40承载区域46的区域与预紧机构支座区域74相对置,从而在加载区域56支撑在外壳58上时,在预紧机构52上基本上不产生倾覆力矩,并且因此固定区域54基本上不受到基于传感器40预紧而产生的力作用。
为了在外壳58安装在车辆加热器10上时能够检查,是否设有预紧机构52以及该预紧机构是否被正确定位,可以在预紧机构支座区域74的区域中的外壳58上形成开口80,穿过该开口可以在视觉上看到预紧机构52。
图4中示出了预紧机构52的一种备选设计方案。在图4所示的设计方案中,固定开口62成形为钥匙孔状。外壳58的固定突出部66具有蘑菇形状或侧凹区域。固定开口62的宽区域82如此定尺寸,使得固定突出部66的突出头84穿过该宽区域进入固定开口62中。发生这种情况时,预紧机构52可沿其纵向移动,从而固定突出部66进入固定开口62的狭窄区域86中,并且因此预紧机构52以其突出头84从后面嵌接。设置在外壳上的防转动突出部68、70又确保实现限定的定位并防止预紧机构52围绕固定突出部66转动。为了确保在预紧机构52纵向方向上的锁定,在固定突出部66上形成的槽状的侧凹例如可以如此确定尺寸,使得在固定突出部66进入狭窄区域86时,突出头84夹紧预紧机构52的固定区域54。
通过根据本发明的该预紧机构52设计方案,一方面可以避免预紧机构关于外壳58固定所在的区域的载荷,另一方面可以确保传感器40的限定定位。因此,传感器40在内壁30的热致膨胀或变形之后可以在传感器容纳开口42中移动,这是因为通常外壁24承受的热负载不那么剧烈,并且就这方面来说也受到更小的热致形变。之所以这是特别重要的,是因为传感器40通常在内壁30承受特别剧烈的热负载的区域中与内壁30相互热作用。这是内环壁32与内底壁34连接的区域,也就是内周壁32的如下区域,在该区域中相对热的废气离开火焰管14并撞击内壁30的内表面。
Claims (12)
1.热交换器装置,包括具有外壁(24)和内壁(30)的热交换器壳体(16),其中,外壁(24)和内壁(30)界定能由载热介质(M)穿流的载热介质流动空间(36),其中,在外壁(24)中构成有至少一个传感器容纳开口(42),传感器(40)流体密封地、可移动地、以流动空间嵌入区域(50)嵌入到载热介质流动空间(36)中地并且支撑在内壁(30)上地被容纳在所述至少一个传感器容纳开口(42)中,给传感器(40)配设预紧机构(52),该预紧机构加载传感器以用于将传感器支撑在内壁(30)上,其中,预紧机构(52)在固定区域(54)中关于至少局部地包围热交换器装置(22)的外壳(58)被固定,并且预紧机构在加载区域(56)中加载传感器(40)以用于将传感器支撑在内壁(30)上,其中,预紧机构(52)在其加载区域(56)中关于传感器(40)被支撑,并且在外壳(58)上与传感器容纳开口(42)相对置地设有预紧机构支座区域(74),
其特征在于,
预紧机构(52)构成为板簧状,固定区域(54)设置在预紧机构(52)的一个端部区域中,而加载区域(56)设置在预紧机构(52)的另一端部区域中,
预紧机构(52)在其加载区域(56)中构造为U形,并且预紧机构以第一U腿(72)关于预紧机构支座区域(74)被支撑并且以第二U腿(78)关于传感器(40)被支撑,并且固定区域(54)通过支撑在预紧机构支座区域(74)上的第一U腿(72)的延长部提供。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,在外壳(58)的预紧机构支座区域(74)中设有开口(80)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,在预紧机构支座区域(74)中设有与传感器(40)的纵向中轴线(L)或/和容纳传感器的传感器容纳开口(42)的纵向中轴线正交的支座面(76),该支座面用于支撑预紧机构(52)的加载区域(56)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,外壳(58)具有朝向外壁(24)突出的并且嵌入到固定区域(54)固定开口(62)中的固定突出部(66)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,在固定开口(62)的内环周上设有多个作用在固定突出部(66)外环周表面上的嵌入突出部(64)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,固定突出部(66)构造为朝向外壁(24)渐缩。
7.根据权利要求6所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,固定突出部(66)构造为朝向外壁(24)锥形地渐缩。
8.根据权利要求4所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,固定开口(62)成形为钥匙孔状,并且固定突出部(66)具有跨接固定开口(62)狭窄区域(86)的突出头(84)。
9.根据权利要求4所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,在外壳(58)上设有防转动成形部,所述防转动成形部保持预紧机构(52)以防止预紧机构围绕固定突出部(66)转动。
10.根据权利要求9所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,所述防转动成形部具有至少一个朝向外壁(24)突起的防转动突出部(68、70)。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的热交换器装置,其特征在于,外壳(58)由塑料材料制成,或/和传感器(40)是温度传感器。
12.用燃料运行的车辆加热器,包括燃烧器区域(12)和根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的热交换器装置(22)。
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