CN109697314A - A kind of calculation method and its application of the largest motion distance of ice-fall - Google Patents
A kind of calculation method and its application of the largest motion distance of ice-fall Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the calculation method and its application of a kind of largest motion distance of ice-fall, include the following steps: that b, survey and drawing of investigation determine the major parameter depth displacement H of the master data c of potential ice-fall body, the largest motion distance for determining ice-fall；D, since the front end of ice-fall body, motion profile when ice-fall body ice-fall is determined；E, along several measuring and calculating points are determined on ice-fall motion profile line, the H/L value of each measuring and calculating point is measured；When motion profile reaches glade, river, reversed hillside, measuring and calculating point is set still according to motion profile.F, the H/L value of each measuring and calculating point is compared, when the value of measuring and calculating point is equal with the minimum H/L value that formula four calculates, locating measuring and calculating point position is the most leading edge locus of ice-fall accumulation, and sports level distance L is ice-fall largest motion distance, thus can also determine ice-fall the greatest danger range in position.The present invention accurately calculates the largest motion distance of ice-fall in quantitative mode, greatly improves applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high and cold mountain area diaster prevention and control field of engineering technology, and in particular to a kind of largest motion distance of ice-fall
Calculation method and its application.
Background technique
Ice-fall is a kind of natural phenomena occurred in cold highland area.After ice-fall occurs, ice cube moves under hillside or roadside,
The building facilities or highway etc. such as residenter house, the high-tension bus-bar pylon become silted up near burying and impacting, cause greatly to destroy.Ice-fall produces
Raw ice cube may also pour the glade under mountain, and formation is huge to surge, and raises glade water level, causes ice-lake breach, form ice
Lake glacial-lake burst debris flow, then downstream river course is poured, river is blocked, then burst, forms Secondary disaster chain.Therefore, ice-fall is not only possible
Endanger the range under the hillside near it, it is also possible to influence river upstream and downstream, cause huge disaster.The generation of ice-fall is often
Due to the tension crack of the front upper limb in glacier, under lasting tension force effect, due to the mutation of temperature, so that the front in glacier
Glacier body is completely disengaged, ice-fall is formed.Rainfall simultaneously can also aggravate the generation of this kind of ice-fall.
Currently, the research that domestic and foreign scholars move ice-fall is considerably less.Yu Jingrui etc. (Yu Jingrui, Jiang Lianjie, Tian Wen, etc.,
" Test of Friction of the soaked library ice of red flag is studied ", " water conservancy measuring technique selected papers " (the 7th collection), 49-52, Huanghe water
Sharp publishing house, 2010, pp338) different base materials are had studied at the same speed to the dynamic friction coefficient of ice body, obtaining can be with
Ignore the conclusion of influence of the contact material to ice body frictional force.Meng Guanglin etc. (Meng Guanglin, Zhang Mingyuan, Sui Jixue, etc., sea ice with
The Test of Friction of material is analyzed, marine environment science, 1995,14 (1), 74-80) have studied different ice body movement velocitys and
Ice body coefficient of friction under different positive pressures, the results showed that dynamic friction coefficient is reduced with the increase of normal pressure under identical speed
It is more.
In the research of landslide and mud-rock flow, movement the ratio between height difference H and move distance L H/L is used usually as it is judged
The foundation of risk range.(the Assessment of the hazard potential of ice such as Salzmann
Avalanches using remote sensing and GIS-modelling (assesses ice and snow using remote sensing and gravity simulation
The method of the potential danger collapsed), Journal of Geography, 2004, Vol.58,74-84) have studied the movement of ice-fall away from
From the relationship with height difference, use the empirical method of Alps: largest motion distance is foundation for 6km and H/L >=0.31,
Delimit ice-fall risk range.But may have very big height difference for very high mountain area, such as mountain area in China Tibet, 6km may
It is less than normal；But ice-fall lesser for height difference, 6km are again too big.And the ice-fall occurred recently is shown, this judgement of H/L >=0.31
According to the move distance for excessively underestimating ice-fall.
A Er etc.
The empirical method of Alps is the ice-fall based on smaller size smaller (< 100 ten thousand stere), when ice-fall volume compared with
Greatly (> 100 ten thousand stere) when, especially more than 1000 ten thousand steres when, the value of H/L >=0.31 is too big, corresponding danger
Range is just too small.Even the H/L of avalanche, it is also possible to which movement reaches H/L≤0.14 on glacier under biggish volume
Degree.Lipovsk y etc. (2007 rock and ice avalanches at Mount Steele of The July,
St.Elias Mountains,Yukon,Canada,Landslides(2008)5:445–455).Eckerstorfer and
Christiansen(Relating meteorological variables to the natural slab avalanche
Regime in High Arctic Svalbard, Cold Regions Science and Technology 69 (2011)
184-193) the H/L value for having studied block snowslide, has from the smallest 0.035 to 0.7, below accounts for 20% 0.087.
More detailed research do not made to the largest motion distance of ice-fall in these researchs, and the largest motion of ice-fall away from
From being the foundation for judging ice-fall the greatest danger range.It correctly calculates ice-fall largest motion distance and divides the greatest danger range,
Strong foundation can be provided to reduce ice-fall disaster.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of calculation methods of the largest motion distance of ice-fall, solve currently without existing skill
The problem of art makes more detailed research to the largest motion distance of ice-fall.The present invention establishes the maximum fortune of more accurate ice-fall
Dynamic distance calculating method, and judge ice-fall the greatest danger range computation method, it can determine that the largest motion distance of ice-fall body
With ice-fall heap plot point most leading edge, the greatest danger range is divided；And the motion feature of ice-fall and the shadow of special geomorphology are considered comprehensively
The factor of sound, the largest motion distance of ice-fall is accurately divided in quantitative mode, greatly improves applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities；It is not necessarily to simultaneously
Ice-fall occur a large amount of conception of history measured data risk range of ice-fall can be judged, greatly improve take precautions against natural calamities it is applicable
Property.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall, includes the following steps:
A, according to the position of the potential ice-fall body to be analyzed, and geographical knowledge is combined to judge that there are the glaciers of ice-fall danger
Attribute be continental glacier, marine glacier or hanging glacier；
With dry, snowfall is few, subzero temperature is lower and snow line is higher, and take in that few expenditure is also few, and activity is weak,
Glacier tongue is generally shorter simultaneously, the glacier of Glacial Geology geomorphological process also weaker attribute belongs to continental glacier, conversely, then belonging to
Marine glacier；The outstanding glacier being affixed on hillside is without dropping to the foot of a mountain, and glacier small scale, ice body thickness are thin, glacier area
Usually less than 1km2Glacier be hanging glacier.
B, survey and drawing of investigation determines that the master data of potential ice-fall body, master data include the potential ice-fall body that mapping obtains
It back-end location, the front position of potential ice-fall body, the average length of potential ice-fall body and mean breadth and is calculated latent
In the area A of ice-fall body, unit m2And ice-fall body volume V, the thickness D of unit m3, ice-fall body are calculated by following formula
Out；
Among the above, the back-end location of potential ice-fall body is the position in ice-fall crack, that is, ice-fall body breaks from glacier
The position split；The calculating of the area A of ice-fall body is obtained by existing calculation formula；
Survey and drawing of investigation determines that the master data for having the glacier of potential ice-fall body, master data include the length and width in glacier
The glacier area F for spending and being calculated, unit km2, and the thickness D of potential ice-fall body is calculated by glacier area F, unit is
m；The calculating of glacier area F is obtained by existing calculation formula；
Wherein, the calculation formula of the thickness D of the potential ice-fall body of continental glacier, marine glacier and hanging glacier is such as
Under:
For marine glacier:
D=5.2+15.4F0.5Formula one
For continental glacier:
D=-11.32+53.21F0.3Formula two
For glacier area less than 1km2Hanging glacier:
D=34.4F0.45Formula three
(" Xinjiang is geographical " is miscellaneous from " Glaciers In The Tianshan Mountains, China thickness and its reserves calculate " for the calculation formula of gla-cier thickness among the above
The will second phase volume seven, be seated Su Zhen, Ding Liangfu, Liu Chaohai).
C, the major parameter depth displacement H of the largest motion distance of ice-fall is determined, unit is m and horizontal distance L, unit m；
Wherein, the depth displacement H in somewhere is that the elevation of the rearmost end (being also the highest point of potential ice-fall body) of ice-fall body (is also named
Height above sea level) and the elevation at this difference；
The horizontal distance L in somewhere is position (this position of the rearmost end (being also the highest point of potential ice-fall body) of ice-fall body
Also it is the starting point of ice-fall body) to the horizontal plane distance at this, i.e. horizontal plane distance of the somewhere apart from ice-fall body starting point；
The minimum value of H/L corresponds to the maximum distance of ice-fall movement, and corresponding is the greatest danger range of ice-fall；It is minimum
H/L value calculation method are as follows:
H/L=3.5 (LogV)-1.7Formula four
Log is common logarithm, the logarithm that the truth of a matter is 10 in formula；
Ice-fall body volume V, is calculated by formula five:
V=AD formula five
D, since the front end of ice-fall body, motion profile when ice-fall body ice-fall is determined；
E, along several measuring and calculating points are determined on ice-fall motion profile line, the elevation (height above sea level of each measuring and calculating point is measured
Degree), and calculate depth displacement H；Horizontal distance L of each measuring and calculating point with ice-fall rearmost end is measured, and calculates the H/L of each measuring and calculating point
Value；
When motion profile reaches glade, river, reversed hillside, measuring and calculating point is set still according to motion profile, in glade
It is interior, across setting measuring and calculating point on river range, reversed hillside, calculate H/L value.
F, the minimum H/L value calculated by formula four, compare it is each measuring and calculating point H/L value, since the lower end of ice-fall body along
Ice-fall body motion profile is gradually reduced toward downstream, the H/L value of each measuring and calculating point, as the minimum H/L that the value and formula four of measuring and calculating point calculate
When being worth equal, it is locating measuring and calculating point position be ice-fall accumulation most leading edge locus, sports level distance L be ice-fall largest motion away from
From thus can also determining ice-fall the greatest danger range in position.
Ice-fall can move far distance under driving of the mountain area due to gravity, the main reason is that ice and snow etc. is on mountain
Resistance under area's hypsography is still very small.Due to being gravity drive, influenced by ground factor it is relatively small, therefore its move
Distance decline that elevation correlation degree is higher, i.e. H/L is a relatively small range with it.Ice-fall is unlike landslide and collapses
Collapse causes H/L to have biggish range due to landform and base drag.
Current domestic and international research does not obtain the H/L value range of more consistent ice-fall body.Its main cause is as follows:
1. it is glade that ice-fall, which moves front end, ice-fall move distance L is caused to reduce, H/L increases；It is river that 2. ice-fall, which moves front end,
Ice-fall move distance L is caused to reduce, H/L increases；3. it is mountain range that ice-fall, which moves front end, ice-fall move distance L is caused to reduce, H/
L increases.These reasons make the H/L value of most of ice-fall cases all larger, and increasing H/L is worth range.The present invention is abundant
Consider to filter influence of the above-mentioned reason to H/L value, the minimum H/L value calculating method finally obtained under ice-fall body motion characteristics.
This minimum H/L value is exactly the key of determining ice-fall body largest motion distance, and determines the key of ice-fall the greatest danger range.
When determine actual ice-fall largest motion apart from when, above-mentioned reason can also be considered: i.e. glade, river, mountain range etc.
Final area as ice-fall risk range.Can not only determine accurate ice-fall largest motion distance in this way, but will not mistake sentence
The disconnected largest motion distance for having glade, river and mountain range area.By the motion feature and special geomorphology that comprehensively consider ice-fall
Influence factor accurately calculates ice-fall largest motion distance in quantitative mode, and the accurate risk range for dividing ice-fall greatly mentions
High applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
The present invention surveys and draws length, width and the area for determining ice-fall body and glacier by inquiry, calculates the thickness of ice-fall body
And volume, and calculate by the volume the minimum H/L value of ice-fall；Then the elevation by the rearmost end of determining ice-fall body and position
It sets, the track that ice-fall body is moved along hillside face or moved along mountain valley, measures the elevation and level of the measuring and calculating point along track
When the H/L value of distance, the measuring and calculating point of calculating is equal with the minimum H/L value of calculating, that is, it can determine the largest motion distance of ice-fall body
With ice-fall heap plot point most leading edge, the greatest danger range when marking off mountains and rivers ice-fall.
The special geomorphologies such as glade, river, mountain range of the invention in ice-fall motion range simultaneously, it is also contemplated that its
Largest motion distance.As a complete technical solution, by considering the motion feature of ice-fall and the shadow of special geomorphology comprehensively
The factor of sound, the largest motion distance of ice-fall is accurately divided in quantitative mode, greatly improves applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
Based on a kind of application of the calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of any of claims 1-5,
The calculation method is applied to determine the greatest danger range when ice-fall body ice-fall on glacier.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages and benefits:
1, a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of the present invention, can both determine accurate ice-fall largest motion
Distance, but will not false judgment have the largest motion distance of glade, river and mountain range area.By the movement for considering ice-fall comprehensively
The influence factor of feature and special geomorphology accurately calculates ice-fall largest motion distance in quantitative mode, accurate division ice-fall
Risk range greatly improves applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities；
2, a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of the present invention, establishes the largest motion of more accurate ice-fall
Distance calculating method, and judge ice-fall the greatest danger range computation method, can determine that the largest motion distance of ice-fall body with
Ice-fall heap plot point most leading edge divides the greatest danger range；And the influence of the motion feature and special geomorphology of ice-fall is considered comprehensively
Factor is accurately divided the largest motion distance of ice-fall in quantitative mode, greatly improves applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities；
3, a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of the present invention, a large amount of history occurred without ice-fall observe number
According to can judge the risk range of ice-fall, applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities is greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the striograph before the ice-fall of glacier；
Fig. 2 is the striograph after the ice-fall of glacier.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of the present invention, includes the following steps:
A, according to the position of the potential ice-fall body to be analyzed, and geographical knowledge is combined to judge that there are the glaciers of ice-fall danger
Attribute be continental glacier, marine glacier or hanging glacier；
With dry, snowfall is few, subzero temperature is lower and snow line is higher, and take in that few expenditure is also few, and activity is weak,
Glacier tongue is generally shorter simultaneously, the glacier of Glacial Geology geomorphological process also weaker attribute belongs to continental glacier, conversely, then belonging to
Marine glacier；The outstanding glacier being affixed on hillside is without dropping to the foot of a mountain, and glacier small scale, ice body thickness are thin, glacier area
Usually less than 1km2Glacier be hanging glacier.
B, survey and drawing of investigation determines that the master data of potential ice-fall body, master data include the potential ice-fall body that mapping obtains
It back-end location, the front position of potential ice-fall body, the average length of potential ice-fall body and mean breadth and is calculated latent
In the area A of ice-fall body, unit m2And ice-fall body volume V, the thickness D of unit m3, ice-fall body are calculated by following formula
Out；
Among the above, the back-end location of potential ice-fall body is the position in ice-fall crack, that is, ice-fall body breaks from glacier
The position split；The calculating of the area A of ice-fall body is obtained by existing calculation formula；
Survey and drawing of investigation determines that the master data for having the glacier of potential ice-fall body, master data include the length and width in glacier
The glacier area F for spending and being calculated, unit km2, and the thickness D of potential ice-fall body is calculated by glacier area F, unit is
m；The calculating of glacier area F is obtained by existing calculation formula；
Wherein, the calculation formula of the thickness D of the potential ice-fall body of continental glacier, marine glacier and hanging glacier is such as
Under:
For marine glacier:
D=5.2+15.4F0.5Formula one
For continental glacier:
D=-11.32+53.21F0.3Formula two
For glacier area less than 1km2Hanging glacier:
D=34.4F0.45Formula three
(" Xinjiang is geographical " is miscellaneous from " Glaciers In The Tianshan Mountains, China thickness and its reserves calculate " for the calculation formula of gla-cier thickness among the above
The will second phase volume seven, be seated Su Zhen, Ding Liangfu, Liu Chaohai).
C, the major parameter depth displacement H of the largest motion distance of ice-fall is determined, unit is m and horizontal distance L, unit m；
Wherein, the depth displacement H in somewhere is that the elevation of the rearmost end (being also the highest point of potential ice-fall body) of ice-fall body (is also named
Height above sea level) and the elevation at this difference；
The horizontal distance L in somewhere is position (this position of the rearmost end (being also the highest point of potential ice-fall body) of ice-fall body
Also it is the starting point of ice-fall body) to the horizontal plane distance at this, i.e. horizontal plane distance of the somewhere apart from ice-fall body starting point；
The minimum value of H/L corresponds to the maximum distance of ice-fall movement, and corresponding is the greatest danger range of ice-fall；It is minimum
H/L value calculation method are as follows:
H/L=3.5 (LogV)-1.7Formula four
Log is common logarithm, the logarithm that the truth of a matter is 10 in formula；
Ice-fall body volume V, is calculated by formula five:
V=AD formula five
D, since the front end of ice-fall body, motion profile when ice-fall body ice-fall is determined；
E, along several measuring and calculating points are determined on ice-fall motion profile line, the elevation (height above sea level of each measuring and calculating point is measured
Degree), and calculate depth displacement H；Horizontal distance L of each measuring and calculating point with ice-fall rearmost end is measured, and calculates the H/L of each measuring and calculating point
Value；
When motion profile reaches glade, river, reversed hillside, measuring and calculating point is set still according to motion profile, in glade
It is interior, across setting measuring and calculating point on river range, reversed hillside, calculate H/L value, calculated until the H/L value and formula four of measuring and calculating point
Until minimum H/L value is equal.
F, the minimum H/L value calculated by formula four, compare it is each measuring and calculating point H/L value, since the lower end of ice-fall body along
Ice-fall body motion profile is gradually reduced toward downstream, the H/L value of each measuring and calculating point, as the minimum H/L that the value and formula four of measuring and calculating point calculate
When being worth equal, it is locating measuring and calculating point position be ice-fall accumulation most leading edge locus, sports level distance L be ice-fall largest motion away from
From thus can also determining ice-fall the greatest danger range in position.
Ice-fall can move far distance under driving of the mountain area due to gravity, the main reason is that ice and snow etc. is on mountain
Resistance under area's hypsography is still very small.Due to being gravity drive, influenced by ground factor it is relatively small, therefore its move
Distance decline that elevation correlation degree is higher, i.e. H/L is a relatively small range with it.Ice-fall is unlike landslide and collapses
Collapse causes H/L to have biggish range due to landform and base drag.
Current domestic and international research does not obtain the H/L value range of more consistent ice-fall body.Its main cause is as follows:
1. it is glade that ice-fall, which moves front end, ice-fall move distance L is caused to reduce, H/L increases；It is river that 2. ice-fall, which moves front end,
Ice-fall move distance L is caused to reduce, H/L increases；3. it is mountain range that ice-fall, which moves front end, ice-fall move distance L is caused to reduce, H/
L increases.These reasons make the H/L value of most of ice-fall cases all larger, and increasing H/L is worth range.The present invention is abundant
Consider to filter influence of the above-mentioned reason to H/L value, the minimum H/L value calculating method finally obtained under ice-fall body motion characteristics.
This minimum H/L value is exactly the key of determining ice-fall body largest motion distance, and determines the key of ice-fall the greatest danger range.
When determine actual ice-fall largest motion apart from when, above-mentioned reason can also be considered: i.e. glade, river, mountain range etc.
Final area as ice-fall risk range.Can not only determine accurate ice-fall largest motion distance in this way, but will not mistake sentence
The disconnected largest motion distance for having glade, river and mountain range area.By the motion feature and special geomorphology that comprehensively consider ice-fall
Influence factor accurately calculates ice-fall largest motion distance in quantitative mode, and the accurate risk range for dividing ice-fall greatly mentions
High applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
The present invention surveys and draws length, width and the area for determining ice-fall body and glacier by inquiry, calculates the thickness of ice-fall body
And volume, and calculate by the volume the minimum H/L value of ice-fall；Then the elevation by the rearmost end of determining ice-fall body and position
It sets, the track that ice-fall body is moved along hillside face or moved along mountain valley, measures the elevation and level of the measuring and calculating point along track
When the H/L value of distance, the measuring and calculating point of calculating is equal with the minimum H/L value of calculating, that is, it can determine the largest motion distance of ice-fall body
With ice-fall heap plot point most leading edge, the greatest danger range when marking off mountains and rivers ice-fall.
The special geomorphologies such as glade, river, mountain range of the invention in ice-fall motion range simultaneously, it is also contemplated that its
Largest motion distance.As a complete technical solution, by considering the motion feature of ice-fall and the shadow of special geomorphology comprehensively
The factor of sound, the largest motion distance of ice-fall is accurately divided in quantitative mode, greatly improves applicability of taking precautions against natural calamities.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is on the basis of embodiment 1, to further illustrate to the present invention.
A kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of the present invention, further includes the step g after step f: when having 2
When above measuring and calculating point H/L value is equal to the minimum H/L value that formula four calculates, with the survey of most upstream end (i.e. near ice-fall body position)
Calculating point is final ice-fall heap plot point.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is on the basis of embodiment 1, to further illustrate to the present invention.
A kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of the present invention, further includes the step g ' after step f: working as survey
Calculate point spacing it is larger, two from top to bottom it is adjacent measuring and calculating point H/L value be respectively be greater than formula four calculating minimum H/L value and
Less than formula four calculate minimum H/L value when, then the two measuring and calculating point between encryption measuring and calculating point, until obtain with formula four calculating
Until the equal measuring and calculating point of minimum H/L value.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is to further illustrate on the basis of embodiment 1-3 to the present invention.
A kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of the present invention further includes that step h is arranged after step e: when
Ice-fall body motion profile reach glade, river, reversed hillside when, still according to motion profile set measuring and calculating point, in glade, across
More river range, setting measuring and calculating point on reversed hillside, calculate H/L value, until the minimum H/ that the H/L value and formula four of measuring and calculating point calculate
Until L value is equal.
Step h can between step e and f or between f and g or between f and g ' or after g also or g ' it
Afterwards.
Therefore in the present invention calculation method according to actual glacier geographical environment, can using method abcdef or
Abcdefg or abcdefg ' or abcdehf or abcdefhg or abcdefhg ' or abcdefgh or
abcdefg’h。
Embodiment 5
In the step d, motion profile is determined as: having mountain valley just to move (i.e. ice along the minimum line in centre in mountain valley
Collapse the centre of motion line that body tumbles), the open slope in no mountain valley just moves along a straight line along ice-fall falling direction.
Embodiment 6
Based on a kind of application of the calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of any of claims 1-5,
The calculation method is applied to determine the greatest danger range when ice-fall body ice-fall on glacier.
Further, the gradient α of ice-fall body bottom are as follows: 25 °≤α≤65 °.The present invention is suitable for ice-fall body base slope slope
The ice-fall risk range spent at 25 °~65 ° divides.For the ice-fall of the different base slope gradients, the reason of forming ice-fall and initial
Motor pattern also can be different, and applicable ice-fall base slope range of grade of the invention is 25 °~65 °
Further, the ice-fall body volume is 1 ten thousand stere~10 billion cubic meters.The present invention is suitable for ice-fall body volume
It is calculated in 1 ten thousand stere~10 billion cubic meters ice-fall largest motion distance.Ice-fall largest motion distance within this range
It can be calculated by formula four.
Embodiment 7
Largest motion distance of the present embodiment about the wrong ice-fall nearby of the Ali area A Lu for calculating Tibet using this method
Carry out implementation explanation.
Positioned at the northern glacier in China, A Lu mistake west, Ali, Tibet and southern glacier respectively on July 17th, 2016 and 9
Month generations ice-fall on the 21st, Fig. 1 are Google image before ice-fall, and Fig. 2 is image after ice-fall.
The glacier in region belongs to continental glacier, therefore calculates ice-fall thickness and use formula two.Ali in Tibet occurs
The calculating of the wrong largest motion distance of ice-fall nearby of regional A Lu is as follows:
Table 1 is the measurement and calculating parameter of the two ice-falls.
Table 1 gives the maximum ice-fall move distance of calculating, consistent with final accumulation front end actual in Fig. 2.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall, characterized by the following steps:
A, according to the position of the potential ice-fall body to be analyzed, and geographical knowledge is combined to judge that there are the categories in the glacier of ice-fall danger
Property be continental glacier, marine glacier or hanging glacier；
B, survey and drawing of investigation determines that the master data of potential ice-fall body, master data include the rear end for the potential ice-fall body that mapping obtains
Position, the front position of potential ice-fall body, the average length of potential ice-fall body and mean breadth and the potential ice being calculated
Collapse the area A of body, unit m2And ice-fall body volume V, the thickness D of unit m3, ice-fall body are calculated by following formula；
Survey and drawing of investigation determines the master data for having the glacier of potential ice-fall body, master data include length and the width in glacier with
And the glacier area F being calculated, unit km2, and calculate by glacier area F the thickness D, unit m of potential ice-fall body；Its
In, the calculation formula of the thickness D of the potential ice-fall body of continental glacier, marine glacier and hanging glacier is as follows:
For marine glacier:
D=5.2+15.4F0.5Formula one
For continental glacier:
D=-11.32+53.21F0.3Formula two
For glacier area less than 1km2Hanging glacier:
D=34.4F0.45Formula three
C, the major parameter depth displacement H of the largest motion distance of ice-fall is determined, unit is m and horizontal distance L, unit m；
Wherein, the depth displacement H in somewhere is the elevation of the rearmost end of ice-fall body and the difference of the elevation at this；
The horizontal distance L in somewhere is the position of the rearmost end of ice-fall body to the horizontal plane distance at this；
The minimum value of H/L corresponds to the maximum distance of ice-fall movement, and corresponding is the greatest danger range of ice-fall；The smallest H/
The calculation method of L value are as follows:
H/L=3.5 (LogV)-1.7Formula four
Ice-fall body volume V, is calculated by formula five:
V=AD formula five
D, since the front end of ice-fall body, motion profile when ice-fall body ice-fall is determined；
E, along several measuring and calculating points are determined on ice-fall motion profile line, the elevation of each measuring and calculating point is measured, and calculates height
Path difference H；Horizontal distance L of each measuring and calculating point with ice-fall rearmost end is measured, and calculates the H/L value of each measuring and calculating point；
When motion profile reach glade, river, reversed hillside when, still according to motion profile set measuring and calculating point, in glade, across
More river range, setting measuring and calculating point on reversed hillside, calculate H/L value；
F, the minimum H/L value calculated by formula four compares the H/L value of each measuring and calculating point, along ice-fall since the lower end of ice-fall body
Body motion profile is toward downstream, and the H/L value of each measuring and calculating point is gradually reduced, when the minimum H/L value phase that the value of measuring and calculating point is calculated with formula four
Whens equal, locating measuring and calculating point position is the most leading edge locus of ice-fall accumulation, and sports level distance L is ice-fall largest motion distance,
Thus it can also determine ice-fall the greatest danger range in position.
2. a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include position
Step g after step f: when there is 2 or more measuring and calculating point H/L value to be equal to the minimum H/L value that formula four calculates, with most upstream end
Measuring and calculating point is final ice-fall heap plot point.
3. a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include position
Step g ' after step f: when measuring and calculating point spacing is larger, the H/L value of the adjacent measuring and calculating point of two from top to bottom is respectively to be greater than
Formula four calculate minimum H/L value and less than formula four calculate minimum H/L value when, then the two measuring and calculating point between encryption calculate
Point, until obtaining the measuring and calculating point equal with the minimum H/L value that formula four calculates.
4. a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall according to any one of claim 1-3, feature exist
In: further include being arranged in step h after step e: when ice-fall body motion profile reaches glade, river, reversed hillside, still pressing
Measuring and calculating point is set according to motion profile, point is calculated in glade, across setting on river range, reversed hillside, calculates H/L value, directly
Until the H/L value of measuring and calculating point is equal with the minimum H/L value that formula four calculates.
5. a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall according to any one of claim 1-3, feature exist
In: in the step d, the method for determination of motion profile are as follows: there is mountain valley just to move along the minimum line in centre in mountain valley, no mountain valley
Open slope just along ice-fall falling direction move along a straight line.
6. based on a kind of application of the calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall of any of claims 1-5,
Be characterized in that: the calculation method is applied to determine the greatest danger range when ice-fall body ice-fall on glacier.
7. a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the ice-fall
The gradient α of body bottom are as follows: 25 °≤α≤65 °.
8. a kind of calculation method of the largest motion distance of ice-fall according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that: described
Ice-fall body volume is 1 ten thousand stere~10 billion cubic meters.
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