CN109696523A - Greenhouse vegetable N2Monitoring method and monitoring system for O emission flux - Google Patents
Greenhouse vegetable N2Monitoring method and monitoring system for O emission flux Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 70
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009332 manuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- AEXLPFBSDYGMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N.[O-][N+]#N AEXLPFBSDYGMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004379 similarity theory Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0037—NOx
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a greenhouse vegetable N2The monitoring method and the monitoring system for the O emission flux comprise the following steps: a) continuously collecting gas above the shed area and higher than the shed area by 0.5-1.5 times of the height of the shed area to respectively obtain gas samples; b) analyzing the gas samples respectively to obtain background concentration of nitrous oxide and concentration of a determination site; c) acquiring meteorological information at a position above the shed area and 0.5-1.5 times higher than the height of the shed area, and processing the meteorological information to obtain wind speed in the vertical direction; d) obtaining greenhouse vegetable N according to formula (I)2O emission flux:the monitoring method provided by the invention can realize the purpose of N-purpose for greenhouse vegetables2And the continuous monitoring of the O emission flux has low cost and small error.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field more particularly to a kind of greenhouse vegetables N2The monitoring method and prison of O emission flux
Examining system.
Background technique
Inverting formula gas diffusion model is the mechanism type gas diffusion model based on the Mo Ning-Ao Bu Hough theory of similarity.It should
The successful application of technology is established on two hypothesis bases: assuming that ground is homogeneous；Wind profile can use Mo Ning-Ao Bu
The Hough theory of similarity (Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory) is rebuild.When calculating, by by wind speed (U), wind
To (β), surface roughness (z0), ground friction wind speed (u*), atmospheric stability (L), atmospheric eddy curl (σU, v, w) etc. it is substantially micro-
The information such as the space geometry relationship in weather information and emission source and measurement site import, which can calculate measurement site gas
The ratio [(C of bulk concentration and emission source source strengthL-Cb)/Q]sim.Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: C=CL-Cb, CL(mg·m-3) indicate to measure the concentration of site nitrous oxide；Cb(mg·m-3) indicate institute
Survey local background concn value；Q(m3) bring the nitrous oxide emission intensity for measuring site into respectively；N indicates that the stochastic model repeats
The number of calculating；w0It indicates to touch vertical direction wind speed on site in emission source.
The model is mainly used in the monitoring of farm's ammonia, the discharge of methane isothermal chamber gas at present, and there has also been one in the world
It is a little to use this method to the N of outdoor vegetable cultivation2O discharges the example being monitored, and the monitoring in greenhouse booth area is because of the structure of greenhouse
It makes and is unable to satisfy this method and needs the premise of Land leveling without being used.Therefore, it is necessary to be ground according to the special tectonic of greenhouse
Study carefully suitable method and carries out nitrous oxide emission monitoring.
Nitrous oxide emission monitoring is carried out to vegetable greenhouse area and mainly uses closed chamber method, there are following several disadvantages: (1) quiet
The practical information source that obtains is less (closed chamber method actual coverage area domain is smaller) when state case method estimates canopy area nitrous oxide emission amount, and
Facilities vegetable not can guarantee fertilising uniformly, easily lead to test error.(2) closed chamber method when in use vulnerable to temperature, pressure etc. because
Element influences, and makes to measure rate of discharge and soil actual discharge rate is inconsistent.(3) canopy room constitutes more closed subenvironment,
Traditional closed chamber method can only monitor this process of soil discharge, and whether there are also other reactions, and nothing occurs after the completion of soil discharge
Method monitoring.(4) when carrying out continuous observation using traditional closed chamber method, to improve accuracy of observation, observing frequency, meeting are improved
A large amount of investments of manpower and material resources are caused, experimentation cost is increased, it can if observing frequency smaller (being observed daily in 9 to 11 points primary)
It can be because the time frame coefficient of nitrous oxide emission causes error.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of greenhouse vegetables N2The monitoring method and monitoring of O emission flux
System, monitoring method provided by the invention can be realized to greenhouse vegetables N2The continuous monitoring of O emission flux, cost is relatively low, error
It is smaller.
The present invention provides a kind of greenhouse vegetables N2The monitoring method of O emission flux, comprising the following steps:
A) gas above continuous acquisition canopy area at 0.5~1.5 times of height of canopy area, obtains gaseous sample respectively；
B) gaseous sample is analyzed respectively, obtains nitrous oxide background concn and measurement site concentration；
C) weather information being higher by above acquisition canopy area at 0.5~1.5 times of canopy area height, at the weather information
Reason obtains vertical direction wind speed；
D) greenhouse vegetables N is obtained according to formula (I)2O emission flux:
In formula (I), CLIndicate the concentration of measurement site nitrous oxide, unit mgm-3；CbLocal background is surveyed in expression
Concentration value, unit mgm-3；Q indicates the nitrous oxide emission flux in measurement site, unit m3；N expression computes repeatedly
Number；w0It indicates to touch vertical direction wind speed on site in emission source.
The present invention monitors greenhouse vegetables nitrous oxide emission using micrometeorology method information source and inverting formula gas model
Flux, micrometeorology method information source can cover entire canopy area, and the Spatial Variability error of nitrous oxide emission is dropped to most
It is low；For inverting formula gas diffusion model in monitoring, nitrogen discharged Soil oxidation Asia is nature discharge, and measurement accuracy is higher；Inverting
Formula gas model can also monitor nitrous oxide amount of the canopy area actual discharge into atmosphere, avoid possible intermediate reaction and cause
Error；Inverting formula gas diffusion model is then continuous monitoring in whole day 24 hours, and experimentation cost is low, manpower and material resources use compared with
It is few, avoid test error caused by the time frame coefficient of nitrous oxide emission.This method is introduced, greenhouse vegetables are aoxidized
Sub- nitrogen discharged monitoring plants this special planting patterns N for canopy room2O emission monitoring provides new selection, completeer to establish
Standby diversification N2O discharges observation system and provides theoretical foundation, studies in greenhouse vegetables planting process for China and reduces N2O gas
Discharge provide method support.
Above continuous acquisition canopy of the present invention area, the gas that is higher by 0.5~1.5 times of canopy area height, after analyzing it,
Obtain nitrous oxide background concn and measurement site concentration；It acquires and is higher by 0.5~1.5 times of canopy area height i.e. above canopy area simultaneously
At sample gas, weather information, including it is wind speed (U), wind direction (β), surface roughness (z0), ground friction wind speed (u*), big
The information such as gas stability (L) and atmospheric eddy curl (σ u, v, w), handle the information, obtain in measurement site vertical direction
Wind speed, then according to formula (I) obtain greenhouse vegetables N2O emission flux:
In formula (I), CLIndicate the concentration of measurement site nitrous oxide, unit mgm-3；CbLocal background is surveyed in expression
Concentration value, unit mgm-3；Q indicates the nitrous oxide emission flux in measurement site, unit m3；N expression computes repeatedly
Number；w0It indicates to touch vertical direction wind speed on site in emission source.
Specifically, analyzing it after obtaining gaseous sample using gas chromatography, it is dense to obtain background nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide concentration in degree and gaseous sample.
Specifically, being handled using MATLAB software the weather information.
The advantages of inverting formula gas diffusion model is very low to emission source area and shape sensitivity, but the model is in wind speed
Lower, atmosphere is extremely stablized or extreme is unstable, ground vegetation is higher or ground has the barrier for significantly interfering with gas diffusion
Accuracy is lower Deng under the conditions of.This is because in u*< 0.15m*s-1, L < 10m or z0When > 0.15m, Mo Ning-Ao Bu Hough phase
It is lower like theoretical accuracy.In order to control the quality of data, before calculating nitrous oxide emission intensity, first according to Flesch etc.
The data of summary reject standard (table 1), screen to concentration data and wind and turbulent flow data, reject unqualified data, choosing
Satisfactory data are selected, N is carried out using wintrax software2The calculating of O discharge amount.
1 data of table reject standard
The present invention also provides a kind of greenhouse vegetables N2The monitoring system of O emission flux, comprising:
Be set to above canopy area be higher by 0.5~1.5 times of canopy area height, the air collecting pipe through entire canopy area, the gas production
Multiple air inlets are provided on pipe；
The vacuum gas production pump that bleeding point is communicated with the gas outlet of the air collecting pipe；
The gas mixed box that air inlet is communicated with the exhaust outlet that the vacuum gas production pumps；
The solenoid valve that air inlet is communicated with the gas outlet of the gas mixed box；
Control the controller of the electromagnetic valve switch；
The sampler bag communicated with the gas outlet of the solenoid valve；
The gas analyzing apparatus communicated with the sampler bag；
It is set to the anemobiagraph above canopy area with air collecting pipe equal-height position；
The processing unit being connected with the anemobiagraph, the processing unit receive the weather information of anemometry instrument acquisition simultaneously
It is handled；
The control system being connected respectively with the gas analyzing apparatus and processing unit, the control system receive the gas
The weather information that the nitrous oxide concentration signal and the processing unit that body analytical equipment obtains obtain, and handled,
Obtain nitrous oxide emission flux.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is canopy room, and 2 are
Air collecting pipe, 3 pump for vacuum gas production, and 4 be gas mixed box, and 5 be controller, and 6 be solenoid valve, and 7 be sampler bag.
In the present invention, gas extraction system mainly pumps 3, gas mixed box 4, controller 5, solenoid valve 6 by air collecting pipe 2, vacuum gas production
And 7 part of sampler bag composition.Air collecting pipe 2, which is erected above canopy area 1, to be higher by high 0.5~1.5 times of height of canopy, and entire canopy is run through
Area sets multiple air inlets with same intervals, passes through the flow velocity of each air inlet of needle-like valve regulation.Preferably, air collecting pipe 2 is set up
Canopy is higher by above canopy area 1 to double at height.The air inlet of vacuum gas production pump 3 is connected with the gas outlet of sampling pipe 2, exhaust outlet
It is connect with the air inlet of gas mixed box 4.The closed PVC cylinder that gas mixed box 4 is diameter 13.5cm, high 15.0cm, internal volume are 2L.
One air inlet and two gas outlets are installed, wherein air inlet is connected with sampling pipe, a gas outlet and electricity at the top of gas mixed box 4
The air inlet of magnet valve 6 is connected, another is exhaust vent.Controller 5 is responsible for the working condition of each solenoid valve 6 of regulation.
Sampler bag 7 is communicated with solenoid valve 6.When sampling apparatus is run, controller 5 successively sends instruction, each electromagnetism to multiple solenoid valves
The opening time of valve is 30min, and during which air sample is stored in corresponding 2L sampler bag 7 with the flow velocity of 30ml/min.This is
System can continuously collect 48 gaseous samples daily.
After collecting gaseous sample, it is detected, nitrous oxide is dense with obtaining nitrous oxide background concn and emission source
Degree.
The gas phases information such as wind speed, wind direction and turbulent flow measures (Gill Instrument using three-D ultrasonic anemobiagraph
Ltd.Lymington, UK).For the mounting height of anemobiagraph to be contour with air collecting pipe, measurement frequency is 10Hz, and the data of measurement are adopted
Real-time collecting is carried out with EdiSol software and is stored on field computer, and the initial data of collection includes wind speed (U), wind direction
(β), surface roughness (z0), ground friction wind speed (u*), atmospheric stability (L) and atmospheric eddy curl (σ u, v, w) etc. use
MATLAB software calculates the wind information of 30min, and the project of calculating includes mean wind speed (U), wind direction (β), surface roughness (z0)、
Atmospheric stability (L), turbulent flow (σ u, v, w/u*) and ground friction wind speed (u*).
By by wind speed (U), wind direction (β), surface roughness (z0), ground friction wind speed (u*), atmospheric stability (L),
The information such as the space geometry relationship in the basic microclimate information such as atmospheric eddy curl (σ u, v, w) and emission source and measurement site import
The canopy area gas diffusion model of wintrax software building calculates the ratio of measurement site gas concentration and emission source source strength
[(CL-Cb)/Q]sim.Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: C=GL-Cb, CL(mg·m-3) indicate to measure the concentration of site nitrous oxide；Cb(mg·m-3) indicate institute
Survey local background concn value；Q(m3) bring the nitrous oxide emission intensity for measuring site into respectively；N indicates that the stochastic model repeats
The number of calculating；w0It indicates to touch vertical direction wind speed on site in emission source.
The advantages of inverting formula gas diffusion model is very low to emission source area and shape sensitivity, but the model is in wind speed
Lower, atmosphere is extremely stablized or extreme is unstable, ground vegetation is higher or ground has the barrier for significantly interfering with gas diffusion
Accuracy is lower Deng under the conditions of.This is because in u*< 0.15m*s-1, L < 10m or z0When > 0.15m, Mo Ning-Ao Bu Hough phase
It is lower like theoretical accuracy.In order to control the quality of data, before calculating nitrous oxide emission intensity, first according to Flesch etc.
The data of summary reject standard (table 1), screen to concentration data and wind and turbulent flow data, satisfactory data then into
Row N2The calculating of O discharge amount.
The present invention evades influence of the canopy room construction to monitoring height wind speed and direction by improving actual monitoring height, makes this
One low cost, high-precision research method can be applied to the monitoring of greenhouse vegetables nitrous oxide emission, filled up with region ruler
Spend the method blank monitored to greenhouse vegetables growing area.This method is completed with lower manpower and material resources investment and aoxidizes Asia to canopy area
The nitrous oxide emission monitoring that nitrogen discharged full-time covering, the total space cover, when greatly reducing the monitoring of traditional static case method
Because nitrous oxide emission time frame coefficient and Spatial Variability caused by error；It avoids and is monitored using traditional static case method
When because case body temperature, pressure variation caused by test error, increase measurement accuracy；The oxidation that directly canopy area is given off
Sub- nitrogen is monitored, and is reduced pilot process with conventional method monitoring soil discharge nitrous oxide, has been evaded in may occurring
Between react caused by test error.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the nitrous oxide day discharge characteristics curve that the embodiment of the present invention uses distinct methods to obtain；
Fig. 3 is the greenhouse tomato full growing season nitrous oxide emission indicatrix that the present invention is obtained using distinct methods.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments to greenhouse vegetables N provided by the invention2The monitoring method of O emission flux and monitoring system into
Row further illustrates.
This test is selected in thousand mu of society's agricultural planting garden of Baoding Boye County Nan little Wang Xiang, while with the expansion of inverting formula gas
Dissipate the monitoring that model and traditional closed chamber method carry out nitrous oxide emission to greenhouse vegetables growing area.
1, experimental field overview
This test is located at (38 ° 24 ' of north latitude of thousand mu of society's agricultural planting garden of Hebei province Baoding Boye County Nan little Wang Xiang
22 ", 115 ° 30 ' 58 of east longitude " E), it is tomato for studying object, this experiment chooses 10 adjacent greenhouses as research object, greenhouse
Specification is identical, and length and width is 100m × 6m, high 2.2m, and distance is 4.5 meters between canopy.The flat no high-lager building of canopy area surrounding terrain,
Experimental field the fertilising of canopy area plantation tomato and irrigation method are respectively and spread fertilizer over the fields to combine with broad irrigation, trickle irrigation.Each canopy is each
Apply the compound fertilizer 50kg of nitrogen content 15%.
2, testing program
2.1, the flux observation based on inverting formula gas diffusion model
Referring to Fig. 1, the gas extraction system of inverting formula gas model is mainly by air collecting pipe 2, vacuum gas production pump 3, gas mixed box 4, control
Device 5, solenoid valve 6 and gas production bag 7 processed form.Air collecting pipe 2 is erected above canopy area at 3.6m, runs through entire canopy area, selects length
The air collecting pipe of 100m, the polyethylene material that internal diameter is 4mm, set 9 air inlets with same intervals, by needle valve by each air inlet
The flow velocity of mouth is adjusted to about 2L/min.The bleeding point of vacuum gas production pump 3 is connect with air collecting pipe.Gas mixed box is diameter 13.5cm, height
15.0cm, the closed PVC cylinder that internal volume is 2L, top are equipped with an air inlet and two gas outlets, wherein air inlet
It is connected with air collecting pipe, a gas outlet is connected with the air inlet of solenoid valve 6, another gas outlet is exhaust vent.Control
Device 5 is responsible for the working condition of each solenoid valve of regulation.Gas production bag is connected with the gas outlet of solenoid valve.When gas producing device is run, lead to
Cross controller 5 and successively send instruction to 48 solenoid valves, the opening time of each solenoid valve is 30min, during which air sample with
The flow velocity of 30ml/min is stored in corresponding 2L sampler bag.This system can continuously collect 48 gaseous samples daily.Using
The gas chromatograph of the model 4890D of Agilent company production carries out gas sample analysis, obtains background nitrous oxide concentration and row
With putting source nitrous oxide concentration.
The information such as wind speed, wind direction and turbulent flow measure (Gill Instrument using three-D ultrasonic anemobiagraph
Ltd.Lymington, UK).The mounting height of anemobiagraph is 3.6m, contour with air collecting pipe, and measurement frequency is 10Hz, the number of measurement
According to using EdiSol software to carry out real-time collecting and being stored on field computer, the initial data of collection uses MATLAB software
The wind information of 30min is calculated, the project of calculating includes mean wind speed (U), wind direction (β), surface roughness (z0), atmospheric stability
(L), turbulent flow (σU, v, w/ u*) and ground friction wind speed (u*).
With inverting formula gas diffusion model progress continuous monitoring in 24 hours, each monitoring cycle in the entire Growing season of tomato
For seven days after each fertilizer irrigation in canopy area.
By wind speed (U), wind direction (β), surface roughness (z0), ground friction wind speed (u*), atmospheric stability (L), atmosphere
Vorticity (σU, v, w) etc. the information such as the space geometry relationship in basic microclimate information and emission source and measurement site import wintrax
The canopy area gas diffusion model of software building calculates the ratio [(C of measurement site gas concentration and emission source source strengthL-Cb)/
Q]sim.Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: C=CL-Cb, CL(mg·m-3) indicate to measure the concentration of site nitrous oxide；Cb(mg·m-3) indicate institute
Survey local background concn value；Q(m3) the nitrous oxide emission intensity for measuring site is substituted into respectively；N indicates that the stochastic model repeats
The number of calculating；w0It indicates to touch vertical direction wind speed on site in emission source.
Calculating N2Before O discharges intensity, standard (table 1) is rejected according to the data of the summaries such as Flesch first, to concentration
Data and wind and turbulent flow data are screened, and satisfactory data then carry out N2The calculating of O discharge amount.
2.2, the flux observation based on closed chamber method
Three greenhouses are chosen as sample, each greenhouse places three groups of case static chambers in fertilization area and non-fertilization area respectively.
Static chamber is made of cabinet and block two parts, is in cylindrical configuration, box body diameter 13.8cm, high 15.5cm meet IPCC
N2O measures international standard, and cabinet is connected with a triple valve and transient temperature meter, and block lower part is inserted into collect and is not disturbed at gas
It breaks ground in earth, cabinet is buckled on block before sampling, block and cabinet junction add water-stop.
Closed chamber method monitoring is broadly divided into two stages:
(1) to the monitoring in entire tomato growth season, the sampling time chooses every morning 9:00~11:00, adopts every 10min
Sample 1 time, totally 3 gas samples are acquired in 0,10min, 20min, acquire process synchronous recording the temperature inside the box of gas sample.Using
The gas chromatograph of the model 4890D of Agilent company production carries out gas sample analysis.Sampling period is to apply base from tomato planting
Fertilizer starts, and starts to monitor in each fertilising the previous day, until end in the 7th day monitors after fertilising, sampling one in interval every ten days of applying fertilizer
It is secondary, the end monitoring until tomato is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested.
(2) short time, highdensity monitoring are carried out to canopy area, continues 72 hours, each gas production interval three hours.
3, test result
3.1 N2O days discharge characteristics
Referring to fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the nitrous oxide day discharge characteristics curve that the embodiment of the present invention uses distinct methods to obtain.By
Fig. 2 is it is found that in the monitoring of short-term high density, and the indicatrix that two methods measure is roughly the same, but closed chamber method measures result
Generally it is greater than minute air flow, and the two deviation increases with the increase of emission flux.Microclimate method measures nitrous oxide emission
Peak value appears in daily 18 points or so, and the peak value time of occurrence of closed chamber method is at daily 15 points or so, the row of two methods
It lowers paddy and is both present in daily 0 point to 3 points, minute air flow measures the hysteresis quality that result has about 3 hours compared with closed chamber method,
Ascendant trend and peak value are later than closed chamber method appearance, and it is 252.51 μ gm that closed chamber method, which measures three days average emission fluxes,-2·
h-1, higher than 192.21 μ gm of meteorology method-2·h-1, the latter is higher by 26.75% than the former.
N of 3.2 greenhouse tomatos in entire Growing season2O discharge characteristics
It as a result is the greenhouse tomato full growing season nitrous oxide emission that the present invention is obtained using distinct methods referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3
Indicatrix.From the figure 3, it may be seen that meteorology method and closed chamber method measure N from the point of view of entire Growing season2O discharge characteristics substantially phase
Together, N is observed after fertilising+irrigation event2The discharge of explosion type is presented in O, and peak value general persistence is 7d or so, highest
There is the third day or so after miscellaneous fertilising+irrigation, remaining time N in peak2The fluctuation of O emission flux is smaller.In tomato growth season, go out altogether
Existing 3 apparent N2O discharge peak, wherein July 4 application of organic fertilizers and plowed soils cause three days or so by a definite date compared with
Small discharge peak, tomato is colonized initial stage, since the common effect of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer makes N2O particle emission peak has reached entire growth
The maximum value in season, and the discharge peak duration is longer (12d), manuring late applied nitrogen, so particle emission peak and continuing
Time is respectively less than for the first time.Two methods of comparison measure as a result, in entire Growing season, and closed chamber method measures result and is generally higher than
Minute air flow measures as a result, it is 1674.77g/hm that closed chamber method, which adds up emission flux,2, minute air flow adds up emission flux
For 1244.24g/hm2, measuring result compared with closed chamber method reduces 26%.
4, conclusion
(1) two methods measure canopy area N2Discharge characteristics has preferable consistency within O days.But the former is generally greater than the latter,
It is 252.51 μ gm that closed chamber method, which measures three days average emission fluxes,-2·h-1, higher than 192.21 μ gm of meteorology method-2·
h-1, the former is higher than the latter by 26.75%.
(2) in the observation of the entire Growing season in tomato canopy area, two methods measure result equally to be had preferably two methods
Consistency, in entire Growing season, static chamber add up emission flux be 2093.46g/hm2, emission factor 0.35%；It is micro-
It is 1555.30g/hm that meteorology method, which adds up emission flux,2, emission factor 0.26%, measuring result compared with static chamber reduces
25.71%, the two is far below the 1% of the nonirrigated farmland IPCC emission factor.
(3) static chamber/gas chromatography is used in combination in China for the first time in this research and inverting formula gas diffusion model is base
The micrometeorology method of plinth is monitored the nitrous oxide emission flux of greenhouse vegetables, in canopy area scale observation nitrous oxide
Day discharge characteristics and full growing season discharge characteristics.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of greenhouse vegetables N2The monitoring method of O emission flux, comprising the following steps:
A) gas being higher by above continuous acquisition canopy area at 0.5~1.5 times of canopy area height, obtains gaseous sample respectively；
B) gaseous sample is analyzed respectively, obtains nitrous oxide background concn and measurement site concentration；
C) weather information being higher by above acquisition canopy area at 0.5~1.5 times of canopy area height, handles the weather information,
Obtain vertical direction wind speed；
D) greenhouse vegetables N is obtained according to formula (I)2O emission flux:
In formula (I), CLIndicate the concentration of measurement site nitrous oxide, unit mgm-3；CbLocal background concn is surveyed in expression
Value, unit mgm-3；Q indicates the nitrous oxide emission flux in measurement site, unit m3；N indicates the number computed repeatedly；
w0It indicates to touch vertical direction wind speed on site in emission source.
2. monitoring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step b), using gas chromatography to institute
Gaseous sample is stated to be analyzed.
3. monitoring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step c), the weather information includes: wind
Speed, wind direction, surface roughness, ground friction wind speed, atmospheric stability and atmospheric eddy curl.
4. monitoring method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step c), using MATLAB software to institute
Weather information is stated to be handled.
5. detection method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the step c), handle weather information
Before, unqualified signal is rejected, the unqualified signal includes:
The ground friction wind speed of < 0.15m/s；
The atmospheric stability of absolute value < 10m；
The surface roughness of > 1.0m.
6. monitoring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step d), obtained using wintrax software
Greenhouse vegetables N2O emission flux.
7. a kind of greenhouse vegetables N2The monitoring system of O emission flux characterized by comprising
Be set to above canopy area be higher by 0.5~1.5 times of canopy area height, the air collecting pipe through entire canopy area, on the air collecting pipe
It is provided with multiple air inlets；
The vacuum gas production pump that bleeding point is communicated with the gas outlet of the air collecting pipe；
The gas mixed box that air inlet is communicated with the exhaust outlet that the vacuum gas production pumps；
The solenoid valve that air inlet is communicated with the gas outlet of the gas mixed box；
Control the controller of the electromagnetic valve switch；
The sampler bag communicated with the gas outlet of the solenoid valve；
The gas analyzing apparatus communicated with the sampler bag；
It is set to above canopy area and the contour anemobiagraph of air collecting pipe；
The processing unit being connected with the anemobiagraph, the processing unit receive the weather information of anemobiagraph acquisition and carry out to it
Processing；
The control system being connected respectively with the gas analyzing apparatus and processing unit, the control system receive the gas point
The weather information that the nitrous oxide concentration signal and the processing unit that analysis apparatus obtains obtain, and handled, it obtains
Nitrous oxide emission flux.
8. monitoring system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the processing unit receives the acquisition of anemometry instrument
Weather information is handled it after rejecting unqualified signal according to preset standard.
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