CN109695016A - 用于将第一金属的涂层沉积在第二金属部件上的方法以及由该方法制造的部件 - Google Patents

用于将第一金属的涂层沉积在第二金属部件上的方法以及由该方法制造的部件 Download PDF

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CN109695016A
CN109695016A CN201811135827.8A CN201811135827A CN109695016A CN 109695016 A CN109695016 A CN 109695016A CN 201811135827 A CN201811135827 A CN 201811135827A CN 109695016 A CN109695016 A CN 109695016A
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coating
metal
laser beam
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H·李
D·A·杰拉德
R·D·瑞奇
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
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    • C23C14/28—Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation
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    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58—After-treatment
    • C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
    • C23C14/5813—Thermal treatment using lasers
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
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    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
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    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
    • F16J1/14—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
    • F16J1/16—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections with gudgeon-pin; Gudgeon-pins

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Abstract

一种用于将第一金属的涂层沉积在第二金属部件上的方法包括将第一激光束施加到第二金属的表面以将氧化层的一部分从该表面去除，以及紧跟着第一激光束而施加第二激光束以将第一金属的涂层沉积在该表面上，以及由该方法制造的部件。

Description

用于将第一金属的涂层沉积在第二金属部件上的方法以及由 该方法制造的部件
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于将第一金属的涂层沉积在第二金属部件上的方法，以及由该方法制造的部件。
背景技术
本引言总体呈现了本公开的背景。在本引言以及说明书各方面中描述的当前指出姓名的发明人的工作所进行的程度并不表明其在申请提交时作为现有技术，从未明示或暗示其被承认为本公开的现有技术。
活塞销用于将连杆与发动机中的活塞连接。活塞销装配在活塞中的销孔中，且连杆围绕活塞销装配在销孔的两个部分之间。活塞销必须设计为满足弯曲挠度、椭圆挠度和应力约束。可以满足这些约束的活塞销100的示例性实施例通过图1和图2示出并公开在共同未决、共同转让的未决美国专利申请号14/923,597中，其公开内容全部引入本文。通过该参考文献描述的活塞销100包括压配入钢筒104的铝芯102。
尽管通过以上引用的参考文献公开的活塞销可以满足多个约束，但期望减小活塞销的质量。质量的任何进一步的减小将导致燃料经济性、效率和性能的实质性提高。
发明内容
在示例性方面，用于将第一金属的涂层沉积在第二金属部件上的方法包括将第一激光束施加到第二金属的表面以将氧化层的一部分从该表面去除，以及紧跟着第一激光束而施加第二激光束以将第一金属的涂层沉积在该表面上。
在另一示例性方面，该方法进一步包括将第三激光束施加到第二金属涂层的表面以重新熔化涂层的至少一部分，以及冷却该重新熔化的涂层使得涂层的表面的硬度和致密度增加。
在另一示例性方面，该方法进一步包括对涂层的表面进行表面修整。
在另一示例性方面，该方法进一步包括在施加第一激光束和施加第二激光束之间向表面提供惰性气体。
在另一示例性方面，涂层的第二激光沉积包括提供第一金属的粉末。
在另一示例性方面，涂层的第二激光沉积包括供给第一金属的导线。
在另一示例性方面，第一金属为钢合金。
在另一示例性方面，第二金属为铝合金。
以此方式，由该方法制造的部件的质量可以显著降低，在发动机的往复质量诸如活塞销中，其可以显著地提高燃料经济性、效率、性能、可靠性和耐久性。
本公开的其他应用领域将从以下提供的详细说明中变得显而易见。应当理解，详细说明和具体示例仅出于说明目的，且不旨在限制本公开的范围。
当结合附图时，本公开的以上特征和优点以及其他特征和优点将从以下详细描述，包括权利要求和示例性实施例中变得显而易见。
附图说明
从以下描述和附图中，本公开将变得更容易理解，其中：
图1是活塞销100的透视图；
图2是活塞销100的轴向端视图；并且
图3是根据本公开的示例性激光金属沉积系统300的示意图。
在附图中，附图标记可以重复用于标识类似和/或相同的元件。
具体实施方式
现参照图3，示出了根据本公开的示例性激光金属沉积系统300的示意图。激光金属沉积系统300包括第一激光源302、第二激光源304、抽吸源306和金属源308。第一激光源302、第二激光源304、抽吸源306和金属源308相对于铝部件312的表面316横穿到图3的左边。铝部件312可以是用于活塞销的芯，其类似于图1和2所示的铝芯102。激光金属沉积系统300操作用以将金属涂层314设置在铝芯312的表面316上，该金属涂层314牢固地直接结合到铝芯312的表面316。优选地，金属涂层314和铝芯312的表面316之间的结合是冶金结合。在示例性实施例中，金属涂层314可以是钢涂层。
发明者理解，在铝表面上获得与涂层的冶金结合的挑战之一是提供清洁铝表面(在其上与涂层形成结合)的能力。铝快速氧化的趋势使其非常难以提供清洁表面。根据本公开的激光金属沉积系统300通过提供双激光处理系统解决了该问题，该双激光处理系统使用第一激光源302来去除铝部件312的表面316上的任何氧化的至少一部分，并紧跟其后采用第二激光源304进行清洁，该第二激光源304将金属涂层314沉积在清洁的表面316上。以此方式，氧化的量被降低和/或阻止，这导致金属涂层314和铝部件312之间的强结合。进而，这实现部件质量的显著降低，同时继续提供部件诸如例如活塞销必需的特征。
当激光沉积系统300相对于铝部件312沿箭头310的方向移动时，第一激光源302提供第一激光束318，该激光束318将铝部件312的表面316上的氧化层(未示出)的至少一部分去除。抽吸源306用于去除可以在第一激光束318的附近产生的材料，该激光束318在铝部件312的表面316上工作。例如，第一激光源302可以蒸发氧化层的一部分，且抽吸源306可然后将该过程产生的蒸汽和任何颗粒从邻近表面316的区域去除。紧跟着第一激光源302，第二激光源304提供第二激光束320，该第二激光束320与金属源308一起工作以将金属涂层314的沉积在铝部件312的表面316上。第二激光束320操作用以将来自金属源308的金属源322转变为牢固地结合到表面316的金属涂层314。金属源308可以以任何方式提供金属源，诸如例如金属粉末源、金属丝网供给源等而不受限制。以此方式，铝氧化(未示出)形成在表面316(其在第二激光束320操作用以采用金属涂覆表面316之前通过第一激光束318清洁)上的可能性被降低和/或减小，这导致金属涂层314和表面316之间的强结合。
进一步地，与可能已经通过将铝芯压配入钢筒而制造的传统活塞销相比，本公开通过将活塞销中钢的量最小化到仅提供活塞销的必要特征所必需的那样多而实现质量的显著降低。例如，传统活塞销中的钢筒的厚度可以在约四至六毫米之间。截然相反，本公开的示例性实施例可提供仅在约0.7至1.0毫米之间的钢涂层。这是质量的显著降低，同时仍提供部件诸如例如活塞销必需的硬度和强度特征。再次，这种质量降低可提供效率、性能、可靠性和耐久性的显著提高，尤其是当该部件是往复部件诸如例如活塞销时。
任选地且优选地，铝部件312的表面上的涂层314可接收进一步的处理。例如，在优选实施例中，可以诸如例如用第三激光源(未示出)在重新熔化过程中处理钢涂层314。以此方式，使用第三激光使活塞销的铝芯312上的钢涂层314重新融化可提高钢涂层314的硬度和/或强度。这可改善活塞销在抗弯曲性、抗椭圆性，环向强度、总体强度方面的强度，提高涂层的硬度和/或降低涂层的脆度。进一步地，另外，涂层314可以通过后续表面修整过程来处理。
尽管本公开大致描述了本发明的激光金属沉积系统的用途和将钢涂层施加到铝表面的方法，但应当理解本发明方法和系统进一步可应用于任何金属表面和/或涂层，而不受限制。例如，除了铝，其他金属诸如钛还可经受氧化，该氧化可以以其他方式不利地影响其他金属到其表面上的任何结合。类似地，还不局限于可以用于形成金属涂层的金属。
进一步地，在另一示例性实施例中，激光金属沉积系统300可以在惰性气体氛围内操作。惰性气体可降低和/或防止表面的任何氧化，在第二激光源304涂覆金属涂层314之前，该表面的任何氧化通过第一激光源302清洁。在示例性实施例中，惰性气体源(未示出)可以提供至激光金属沉积系统，其包含在惰性气体氛围下的表面316。
另外，尽管激光金属沉积系统300的部件示出为独立和单独的部件，但这些部件(不受限制)的任何组合可以并入工具头(未示出)。在示例性实施例中，激光金属沉积系统300可形成工具头，该激光金属沉积系统300包括抽吸源306、第一激光源302、第二激光源304和金属源308。
根据本公开的激光金属沉积系统300进一步提供附加优点。例如，第一激光源302不仅操作用以去除氧化层的一部分，而且操作用以预加热下面的铝部件312，这提高了紧跟着的第二激光源304的效果以提供表面316和金属涂层314之间的强结合。
其他显著优点和性能特点可以由本公开提供。汽车部件诸如例如活塞销中的钢可包括回火马氏体，且不具有许多未转化奥氏体。未转化奥氏体是不希望的，因为如果/当该奥氏体未转化时，其可能膨胀，这可导致活塞和/或连杆中的活塞销长大和咬粘。为了避免传统制造的活塞销中的未转化奥氏体，可能需要仔细的热处理。进一步地，可能需要加热和冷却实验来确保奥氏体未在活塞销中转化。
与这些传统部件相反，根据本公开的示例性实施例制造的部件可以完全避免未转化的奥氏体问题。甚至在转化奥氏体的存在下，钢质量的显著降低可导致销长大的显著降低，这可然后完全避免和/或降低活塞和/或连杆内的活塞销的咬粘可能性。
尽管本公开已经描述了用于在用作活塞销的金属部件上产生涂层的系统和方法，但应当理解，本方法和系统可以用于任何部件，特别地，经受发动机中的往复运动的那些部件还可以受益于本公开，诸如例如，连杆销等，而不受限制。
该描述在本质上仅仅是示例性的，且不旨在以任何方式限制本公开内容、其应用或用途。本公开的广泛教导可以通过各种形式来实现。因此，尽管本公开包括特定示例，但是本公开的真实范围不应被限制于此，因为在研读了附图、说明书和以下权利要求之后，其他修改将变得显而易见。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于将第一金属的涂层沉积在第二金属部件上的方法，所述方法包括：
将第一激光束施加到所述第二金属的表面以将氧化层的一部分从所述表面去除；以及
紧跟着所述第一激光束而施加第二激光束以将第一金属的涂层沉积在所述表面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括：
将第三激光束施加到所述第二金属涂层的表面以重新熔化所述涂层的至少一部分；以及
冷却所述重新熔化的涂层使得所述涂层的所述表面的硬度和致密度增加。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括对所述涂层的表面进行表面修整。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括在施加所述第一激光束和施加所述第二激光束之间向所述表面提供惰性气体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述涂层的所述第二激光沉积包括提供所述第一金属的粉末。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述涂层的所述第二激光沉积包括供给所述第一金属的导线。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第一激光束进一步预加热所述表面为所述涂层的所述第二激光沉积做准备。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第一金属包括钢合金。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第二金属包括铝合金。
10.一种用于车辆推进系统中的发动机的部件，其具有位于第二金属的芯上的第一金属的涂层，所述部件由包括以下步骤的方法制造：
提供包含所述第二金属的芯；
将第一激光束施加到所述芯的表面以将氧化层的一部分从所述表面去除；以及
紧跟着所述第一激光束而施加第二激光束以将所述第一金属的所述涂层沉积在所述表面上。
CN201811135827.8A 2017-10-20 2018-09-27 用于将第一金属的涂层沉积在第二金属部件上的方法以及由该方法制造的部件 Pending CN109695016A (zh)

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