CN109694252B - Preparation method of porous medium solar heat absorber with gradually changed structure - Google Patents
Preparation method of porous medium solar heat absorber with gradually changed structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous medium solar heat absorber with a gradually changed structure. The invention provides a process flow of layering and multiple slurry coating by using an organic template dipping method. The viscosity of the slurry is controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of the solid phase, and the high-viscosity slurry is adopted for primary slurry hanging, so that the whole porous material is subjected to slurry hanging. And adopting low-viscosity slurry for subsequent slurry coating, and gradually adjusting the range of the porous area of the slurry coating to obtain the porous medium heat absorber with gradually changed structure along the thickness direction. The preparation method provided by the invention can control the structural parameters such as porosity, pore diameter and the like along the thickness direction of the porous medium, and realizes the preparation of the porous medium solar heat absorber with gradually changed structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar heat utilization, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a porous medium solar heat absorber with a gradually changed structure.
Background
As a key component in a concentrated solar thermal power generation system, the heat absorber takes on the task of transferring solar radiation energy to a heat exchange fluid. The traditional surface absorption type heat absorber can form higher heat radiation loss due to heat flow concentration and high surface temperature. The porous medium solar heat absorber is a positive-displacement heat absorber, solar radiation can be gradually attenuated in the porous medium, and concentrated heat flow on the surface is reduced; meanwhile, due to the complex three-dimensional net structure and the huge heat exchange area, the convection heat transfer between the heat exchange fluid and the heat absorber can be remarkably enhanced, so that the body absorption effect is formed, and the efficiency of the heat absorber is effectively improved. However, the popularization of the porous medium solar heat absorber still has the following problems: (1) the efficient heat absorber structure lacks a design scheme; (2) the preparation and processing of the novel heat absorber have technical bottlenecks.
At present, scholars at home and abroad propose a new structure of a porous medium solar heat absorber. Roddan et al proposed a double-layer porous medium heat absorber that utilizes a porous medium thermal equilibrium model, revealing that a heat absorber with porosity decreasing in the direction of solar incidence can reduce the internal temperature gradient of the heat absorber, with higher thermal efficiency. Chen et al and Du et al respectively adopt a porous medium non-thermal equilibrium model, and find out a structure with reduced porosity (or pore diameter) by using a numerical method, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of a heat absorber. The Antonio l.avila-Marin and the like obtain double-layer and three-layer porous media with different geometric parameters and optical characteristics by stacking porous metal wire nets, and experiments show that in the double-layer porous media, the outer layer directly receiving solar radiation has higher porosity to ensure larger transmission depth, and the inner layer porous media has larger specific surface area to strengthen convective heat transfer. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the heat absorber with the structural parameters changed has more excellent performance than the uniform porous medium solar heat absorber. From the research method, the numerical simulation can guide the design of the structure of the heat absorber, but the effectiveness of the numerical simulation is still lack of experimental proof. Meanwhile, in the current experimental research, a simple heat absorber structure can be obtained only by stacking different uniform porous media, and a preparation method of a novel porous medium solar heat absorber is still lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a porous medium solar heat absorber with a gradually-changed structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a porous medium solar heat absorber with a gradually-changed structure is characterized in that a process of coating slurry for the precursor is carried out for multiple times and in a layered mode in the slurry coating process, slurry coating amount of the precursor at different thicknesses is controlled, and a pore structure which changes along the thickness direction of the precursor (porous medium) is obtained.
Preferably, the ceramic slurry is prepared by the steps of:
step 1), mixing silicon carbide powder and white corundum powder in a mass ratio of 2.6:1 to form a ceramic powder main body, adding kaolin and bentonite serving as sintering aids, wherein the weights of the kaolin and the bentonite are 1/50 and 1/100 of the ceramic powder main body respectively;
and 2) adding alkaline silica sol and carboxymethyl cellulose which are respectively ceramic powder 1/4 and 1/20 in mass as binders, and fully mixing the alkaline silica sol and the carboxymethyl cellulose with the ceramic powder main body. Deionized water is added to adjust the mass ratio of the solid phase to 70-76%, and ceramic slurry is obtained after ball milling for 3 hours.
Preferably, after the precursor is coated with the ceramic slurry, a centrifuge is used to discharge the excess slurry in the porous medium.
Preferably, the embryo body after the pulp hanging is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃ for drying for 4 hours, and the embryo body after the last pulp hanging is dried in vacuum at 90 ℃ for 24 hours.
Preferably, in the multiple, layered process:
1) the first slurry coating adopts ceramic slurry with the solid phase mass ratio of 76 percent to obtain a basic ceramic blank;
2) adopting ceramic slurry with the solid phase mass ratio of 70% for subsequent slurry coating, and only coating slurry on partial area along the thickness direction of the porous medium;
3) gradually reducing the range of the slurry coating area, wherein the slurry coating area is respectively 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% of the thickness of the precursor, and forming a structure with linearly increased slurry coating amount along the thickness direction of the porous medium.
Meanwhile, the thickness of each sizing region after the first sizing is adjustable, and if the thickness of the precursor from the second sizing region to the fifth sizing region is 70%, 40%, 30% and 20% of the thickness of the precursor respectively, a structure that the sizing amount is increased slowly first and then quickly along the thickness direction of the porous medium can be formed. If the areas from the second pasting to the fifth pasting are 90%, 70%, 50% and 20% of the thickness of the precursor respectively, a structure that the pasting amount is increased first quickly and then slowly along the thickness direction of the porous medium can be formed.
Preferably, the conditions of the high-temperature sintering are as follows: maintaining the heating rate of 1 ℃/minute, and heating from room temperature to 600 ℃; then raising the temperature to 1450 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 4h, and finally naturally cooling to the room temperature.
The solar heat absorber with the gradually-changed porous medium fully utilizes the structural characteristics of the porous medium, the high-porosity part and the high-pore-diameter part are beneficial to the transmission of solar radiation, and the low-porosity part and the low-pore-diameter part can obviously enhance the convection heat transfer. In the prior art, the directly stacked porous structure is not beneficial to heat transfer due to the thermal resistance among interfaces; meanwhile, parameters between layers are suddenly changed, so that the internal thermal stress of the heat absorber is increased. In contrast, the gradual change structure of the invention has no interface thermal resistance, gradually changes the structural parameters, and is beneficial to reducing the internal temperature gradient of the heat absorber.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a physical diagram of a porous medium solar heat absorber with porosity gradually changing from 0.85 to 0.65 along the thickness direction, which is prepared by the method.
Fig. 2 shows the porosity distribution of the porous medium solar heat absorber with gradually changed structure prepared by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention in detail by taking an example of processing a porous medium solar heat absorber with a porosity linearly gradually changing from 0.85 to 0.65 along the thickness direction, with reference to the accompanying drawings:
first, the inter-network film and surface modification were removed from the polyurethane organic foam precursor having a pore density of 10PPI and a thickness of 4 cm.
Secondly, ceramic slurry with high viscosity is prepared. 47.4g of silicon carbide powder and 18.2g of white corundum powder are mixed to form a ceramic powder main body, 1.4g of kaolin and 0.7g of bentonite are added to serve as sintering aids, and the mixture is uniformly mixed. 17.2g of alkaline silica sol and 3.4g of 4 wt% of carboxymethyl cellulose are added, 0.8g of deionized water is added, and the mass fraction of a solid phase is adjusted to 76%. Subsequently, the slurry was placed in a ball mill at a rotation speed of 200 rpm for 3 hours.
In the first slurry coating process, the polyurethane organic foam precursor is completely immersed in the ceramic slurry with the solid-phase mass fraction of 76%. And after the slurry is fully hung, placing the porous medium sample in a centrifuge, centrifuging for 10 seconds at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute, and discharging redundant slurry in the porous medium to avoid hole blocking. The embryo bodies were dried in a vacuum oven at 50 ℃ for 4 hours.
Thirdly, ceramic slurry with relatively low viscosity is prepared. 47.4g of silicon carbide powder and 18.2g of white corundum powder are mixed to form a ceramic powder main body, 1.4g of kaolin and 0.7g of bentonite are added to serve as sintering aids, and the mixture is uniformly mixed. 17.2g of alkaline silica sol and 3.4g of 4 wt% of carboxymethyl cellulose are added, 8.4g of deionized water is added, and the mass fraction of a solid phase is adjusted to 70%. Subsequently, the slurry was placed in a ball mill at a rotation speed of 200 rpm for 3 hours.
In the second slurry coating process, the blank part dried after the first slurry coating is soaked in ceramic slurry with the mass fraction of 70%, and the thickness of a region soaked in the slurry is controlled to be 3.2 cm. And placing the porous medium sample after slurry hanging in a centrifuge, centrifuging for 10 seconds at the rotating speed of 500 rpm, and discharging redundant slurry. The embryo bodies were dried in a vacuum oven at 50 ℃ for 4 hours.
Repeating the same slurry coating process, and performing third, fourth and fifth slurry coating, wherein ceramic slurry with the mass fraction of 70% is used, and the thickness of the region immersed in the slurry is controlled to be 2.4cm, 1.6cm and 0.8cm respectively. After each slurry application, the embryos were centrifuged at 500 rpm for 10 seconds to remove excess slurry and dried in a vacuum oven at 50 ℃ for 4 hours.
And (5) after the five times of layering and slurry hanging are finished, obtaining the porous medium blank with the gradually changed structure. And (3) drying the blank body for 24h under the condition of 90 ℃ in vacuum, and discharging the water in the porous medium skeleton.
And finally, performing high-temperature sintering. And in the initial plastic removal stage, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 600 ℃, and the temperature increase rate is maintained to be 1 ℃/min. And in the subsequent sintering stage, the temperature is rapidly raised to 1450 ℃ at the rate of 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 4h, and finally the material is naturally cooled to the room temperature. And obtaining the porous medium solar heat absorber with gradually changed structure.
The sintered sample is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen that the porous medium framework becomes thicker gradually from top to bottom in the thickness direction, and no obvious delamination phenomenon occurs in the sample. In order to further characterize the gradual change characteristic of the sample structure, the sample is subjected to industrial computed tomography, and the real three-dimensional structure of the sample is obtained. The porosity distribution in the thickness direction thereof was measured, and the results are shown in FIG. 2. The porosity of the porous medium is gradually changed from 0.85 to 0.65 in the thickness direction, and the method is proved to be capable of controlling the parameters of the porous medium pore structure and realizing the preparation of the porous medium solar heat absorber with gradually changed structure.
Similarly, the preparation of porous media with different porosities, pore size ranges and different structural parameter distribution characteristics can be realized by adjusting the viscosity of the ceramic slurry, the number of layered slurry coating layers and the thickness of each layer of slurry coating.
The preparation method of the porous medium solar heat absorber with the gradually changed structure provides support for exploring the flowing heat transfer characteristic of a novel heat absorber in experiments.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the porous medium solar heat absorber with the gradually changed structure is characterized in that a process of multiple times and layering is adopted in the slurry coating process, the slurry coating amount of the precursor at different thicknesses is controlled, and a pore structure changing along the thickness direction is obtained, wherein the process of multiple times and layering comprises the following steps:
1) the first slurry coating adopts ceramic slurry with the solid phase mass ratio of 76 percent to obtain a basic ceramic blank;
2) adopting ceramic slurry with the solid phase mass ratio of 70% for subsequent slurry coating, and only coating slurry on partial area along the thickness direction of the precursor;
3) the range of the slurry coating area is gradually reduced, the slurry coating area is respectively 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% of the thickness of the precursor, and a structure with the slurry coating amount linearly increased along the thickness direction of the precursor is formed.
2. The method for preparing the structurally graded porous medium solar heat absorber according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic slurry is prepared by the following steps:
step 1), mixing silicon carbide powder and white corundum powder in a mass ratio of 2.6:1 to form a ceramic powder main body, and adding a sintering aid;
and 2) adding a binder to fully mix with the ceramic powder, adding deionized water to adjust the mass ratio of the solid phase, and performing ball milling to obtain ceramic slurry.
3. The method for preparing the structurally graded porous medium solar heat absorber according to claim 2, wherein the sintering aid is kaolin and bentonite, and the addition amounts are 1/50 and 1/100 of the weight of the ceramic powder body respectively; the binder is alkaline silica sol and carboxymethyl cellulose, the addition amounts of the binder are 1/4 and 1/20 of the weight of the ceramic powder main body respectively, deionized water is added to adjust the mass percentage of the solid phase to 76%, and ceramic slurry is obtained after ball milling for 3 hours.
4. The method for preparing the porous medium solar heat absorber with the gradually-changed structure according to claim 1, wherein after the ceramic slurry is used for coating the precursor, a centrifuge is used for discharging the excessive slurry in the porous medium.
5. The method for preparing the porous medium solar heat absorber with the gradually changed structure according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that the embryo body after the last slurry coating is finished is dried in vacuum at 90 ℃ for 24 hours, and the embryo body after the other slurry coating is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃ for 4 hours.
6. The method for preparing the structurally graded porous medium solar heat absorber according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise process of the high-temperature sintering is as follows: maintaining the heating rate of 1 ℃/minute, and heating from room temperature to 600 ℃; then raising the temperature to 1450 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 4h, and finally naturally cooling to the room temperature.
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| CN111233478B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-04-06 | 北京交通大学 | Layered slurry preparation method of titanium carbide gradient porous ceramic |
| CN111253158B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2022-02-01 | 武汉理工大学 | Solar thermal power generation and heat absorption/storage integrated corundum/SiC ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
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| EP1329438A1 (en) * | 2002-01-14 | 2003-07-23 | "VLAAMSE INSTELLING VOOR TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK", afgekort "V.I.T.O." | Method for producing metallic and ceramic products |
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| CN105906370B (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2018-08-28 | 上海应用技术学院 | A kind of preparation method for the three-dimensional network porous ceramics that bore diameter gradient distribution is presented |
| CN106588029A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-04-26 | 广州凯耀资产管理有限公司 | Novel solar heat-absorbing ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106839474B (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-10-19 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of design method of porous media solar heat absorber |
| CN108585886B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-07-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Porous ceramic material with controllable porosity change and preparation method thereof |
| CN109081699A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-25 | 佛山皖和新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of solar energy heat absorbing ceramic material |
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| JPH04119977A (en) * | 1990-09-10 | 1992-04-21 | Nagao Kogyo:Kk | Production of porous functionally gradient material |
| EP1329438A1 (en) * | 2002-01-14 | 2003-07-23 | "VLAAMSE INSTELLING VOOR TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK", afgekort "V.I.T.O." | Method for producing metallic and ceramic products |
| CN107200583A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of porous material with porosity continuous gradient and preparation method thereof |
| CN108083811A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-29 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of double gradient porous ceramics materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN108751950A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A method of it is cast based on freezing and prepares Functional Graded Ceramics/metallic composite |
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