CN109687486A - Microgrid operation method and system under Demand Side Response containing electric automobile charging station - Google Patents
Microgrid operation method and system under Demand Side Response containing electric automobile charging station Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses the microgrid running optimizatin method and system containing electric automobile charging station under a kind of consideration Demand Side Response, first, the mass flow of air storage chamber in advanced adiabatic compression air energy storage is flowed in and out by measuring, the indoor air pressure of the gas storage is obtained, with the energy storage characteristic of the determination advanced adiabatic compression air energy storage；Power battery electrical changing station is introduced, on the one hand the power battery electrical changing station is used to carry out electric energy with the microgrid to exchange, be on the other hand used as transferable load；Demand Side Response according to the type of load and transferable load be transferred to and the amount of producing, dispatch load transfer, by photovoltaic contribute paddy when load be transferred to peak when, and control the advanced adiabatic compression air energy storage and the power battery electrical changing station and charge and discharge are carried out to the microgrid, so that photovoltaic is contributed, size is contributed close to load prediction.System benefit can be maximized through the invention and increases photovoltaic power generation utilization rate, and optimization stored energy capacitance configuration improves renewable energy utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of system simulation modeling, and particularly relates to a microgrid operation method and system with an electric vehicle power exchanging station under demand side response.
Background
The energy crisis and the environmental pollution are becoming more severe, and renewable energy distributed power sources and electric vehicles are receiving more and more attention in the development of future energy structures. In the interior, the method has become a research hotspot and development trend of the current electric power industry. At present, the most used energy storage method in the microgrid is the hybrid energy storage of a storage battery and a super capacitor. However, the storage battery has a high cost and a short life, and the discarded battery causes secondary pollution to the environment. An Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) system has the advantages of large energy storage capacity, long energy storage period, long service life, relatively small investment and the like, and is in full focus of international society. And with the gradual improvement of the competition of the power market, the relation between the resource at the demand side and the resource at the supply side is not unidirectional and isolated. Although the energy storage device is added in the micro-grid, the photovoltaic utilization rate can be greatly improved, the energy storage device is high in price, and the difference between photovoltaic resources at night and at noon is large, so that the comprehensive utilization rate of the energy storage device is low. Therefore, it is important to reduce the load during the peak period of power by exploiting the load-handling capacity of the demand side and utilizing the elasticity of the power demand, thereby alleviating the situation of power supply shortage. As one of the operation objects of demand side response (DR), an increasingly large number of electric vehicle charging stations can be regarded as loads not only when charging, but also can serve as an energy storage device microgrid to provide electric energy when the amount of electricity is sufficient. The bidirectional adjustment of the electric automobile can improve the dynamic performance of the system, and stable support is provided for the microgrid.
The research in the present stage has achieved achievements in the aspects of optimal scheduling of the light storage grid-connected type micro-grid considering the response of the demand side, operation strategies of electric vehicles in the micro-grid containing the stored energy, application of the stored energy in the micro-grid and the like. However, with the development of energy storage technology, it is a necessary progress in energy storage to replace the conventional energy storage technology with advanced energy storage technology or supplement the deficiency thereof. In the aspect of electric vehicles, most researches in the micro-grid still focus on the aspect of orderly charging and discharging of the electric vehicles, and the micro-grid is not widely applied to the electric vehicle power exchange station. Therefore, for the light storage grid-connected micro-grid comprising the electric automobile, the research of utilizing advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage as an energy storage means and comprehensively considering the response of the micro-grid on the demand side is a problem which is not properly solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a micro-grid operation method and a system comprising an electric automobile power conversion station under the condition of considering the demand side response, so that the technical problems that for a light storage grid-connected micro-grid comprising electric automobiles, advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage is used as an energy storage means, and the micro-grid demand side response research is comprehensively considered are solved.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a microgrid operation method including an electric vehicle charging station in consideration of demand side response, including:
measuring mass flow of an air storage chamber in the flowing-in and flowing-out advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage to obtain air pressure in the air storage chamber so as to determine the energy storage characteristic of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage;
introducing a power battery power exchanging station, wherein the power battery power exchanging station is used for exchanging electric energy with the microgrid and is used as a transferable load;
and the demand side responds to the load transfer according to the type of the load and the transfer-in and transfer-out amount of the transferable load, schedules the load transfer, transfers the load of the photovoltaic output in the valley time to the peak time, and controls the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage and the power battery conversion station to charge and discharge the microgrid so as to enable the magnitude of the photovoltaic output to be close to the predicted load output.
Preferably, the air pressure in the air reservoir is: p is a radical ofst,t＝pst,t-1+Δpc,t-Δpg,tWherein p isst,tIndicating the air pressure of the reservoir during a period t, pst,t-1Representing the air pressure of the reservoir, Δ p, over a period of time t-1c,tIndicating the amount of change in air pressure in the reservoir, Δ p, per unit length of modulation during compressiong,tAnd the air pressure variation in the air reservoir during the unit scheduling time in the power generation process is represented.
Preferably, the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage satisfies charge and discharge power constraint and air pressure constraint in an air storage chamber, wherein the charge and discharge power constraint is as follows:the air pressure constraint in the air reservoir is as follows: p is a radical ofst,min≤pst,t≤pst,max，PCAES-c,minFor advanced heat insulationUpper limit value, P, of compressed air energy storage charging powerCAES-c,maxLower limit of charging power, P, for advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storageCAES-d,minFor the upper limit of the energy-storing discharge power, P, of the advanced adiabatic compressed airCAES-d,maxFor the lower limit of the energy-storing discharge power, P, of the advanced adiabatic compressed airCAES-c,tDenotes the charging power, P, of the AA-CAES at time tCAES-d,tDenotes the discharge power, p, of AA-CAES at time tst,minFor the upper limit value, p, of the air pressure in the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy-storage and air-storage chamberst,maxFor advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage and storagest,tIndicating the air pressure of the reservoir over time period t.
Preferably, the power battery replacement station comprises a battery pack and a charging and discharging device, wherein the charging and discharging device is connected with the battery pack and the microgrid, and the charging and discharging device is used for storing electric energy in the microgrid in the battery pack or transmitting the electric energy in the battery pack to the microgrid.
Preferably, the constraint conditions met by the power battery replacement station are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of power constraint of a charge and discharge device, constraint of a charge and discharge completion state value and a conversion state value of the charge and discharge device, constraint of reverse power and constraint of charge quantity;
the power constraint of the charge and discharge device is as follows: andthe charging and discharging device is constrained by the charging and discharging completion state value and the conversion state value as follows: andthe BSS reverse power constraint is as follows:the charge quantity constraint is as follows:
andthe charging and discharging state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,andcharging and discharging power P of the ith charging and discharging device at t momenti,d,minAnd Pi,d,maxIs composed ofUpper and lower limit values of (P)i,c,minAnd Pi,c,maxIs composed ofThe upper and lower limit values of (c),anda change value of the charging and discharging power, delta P, of the ith charging and discharging device in the unit time period at the time ti,c,minAnd Δ Pi,c,maxIs composed ofUpper and lower limit values of, Δ Pi,d,minAnd Δ Pi,d,maxIs composed ofThe upper and lower limit values of (c),the discharge completion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,the charging completion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,is the discharge conversion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,is the charging conversion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,the on-line battery charge of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t, e0Is the effective charge of the standard battery pack,is the maximum value of the BSS reverse power,indicating the reverse power of BSS at time t, Ne0In order to fill the inventory of battery packs,for the amount of battery pack inventory that is full at time t,represents the total charge of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t +1,the total charge amount of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t is shown, and delta t represents unit time.
Preferably, the constraints of the demand-side response are:andwherein,for the mth load the fraction can be diverted at time t,the fraction of the m-th load that can be transferred at time t, r is the percentage of the capacity of the transferred load, SLS-outLoad roll-out total, S, representing demand side responseLS-inLoad shifting total representing demand side response, M representing type of transferable load, ToutExpressed as load dump period, TinExpressed as a load shift-in period,representing the amount of out-transfer of the mth type transferable load at time t,indicating the load transfer amount of the mth type transferable load at time t.
According to another aspect of the invention, a microgrid operation system comprising an electric vehicle power exchange station under consideration of demand side response is provided, and the microgrid operation system comprises:
the first energy storage module is used for measuring mass flow of an air storage chamber flowing into and out of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage to obtain air pressure in the air storage chamber so as to determine the energy storage characteristic of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage;
the second energy storage module is used for introducing a power battery switching station, and the power battery switching station is used for carrying out electric energy exchange with the microgrid and is used as a transferable load;
and the demand side response module is used for scheduling load transfer according to the types of loads and the transfer-in and transfer-out amount of transferable loads, transferring the load of the photovoltaic output during valley time to peak time, and controlling the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage and the power battery conversion station to charge and discharge the microgrid so as to enable the magnitude of the photovoltaic output to be close to the predicted load output.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
on the basis of a traditional compressed air energy storage model, the heat storage characteristic of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage is considered, a Battery Swap Station (BSS) model is introduced, and an energy storage model in the microgrid is established on the basis of the output and load of a typical photovoltaic power station. And the schedulable resources on the source load side are comprehensively considered, and a demand side response model based on excitation is established by scheduling load transfer, so that the system benefit is maximized, the photovoltaic power generation utilization rate is increased, the energy storage capacity configuration is optimized, and the renewable energy utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an operation mode of a microgrid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a predicted photovoltaic output versus load output on a typical day according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an absolute value of a difference between photovoltaic and load output at each time interval under different scenarios provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a microgrid operation optimization method including an electric vehicle charging station in consideration of demand-side response according to an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
(1) and determining the input quantity, the output quantity and the model parameters of the microgrid optimization simulation model.
The input quantity of the microgrid optimization simulation model is as follows: transferring load capacity percentage, photovoltaic output prediction data and load output prediction data; the output quantity of the microgrid optimization simulation model is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of (1) total daily income of a system, power generation compensation income of a photovoltaic power station, income of transaction between a microgrid and a large power grid, income of an energy storage power station, cost of abandoned light, income of a power battery power conversion station, charge and discharge states of an ith charging and discharging device of the BSS at a time t, on-line battery pack charge amount of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t, a charge and discharge conversion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t, a discharge completion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t, the sum of differences between a photovoltaic power generation output curve and load output after response of a demand side in a scheduling period and BSS exchange power, unit time interval backlashing power and renewable energy permeability; the parameters of the microgrid optimization simulation model are as follows: the micro-grid power supply system comprises a micro-grid upper limit, a power price for buying electricity from a large power grid, a power price for selling electricity from the large power grid, a light abandonment penalty coefficient, a charging power upper limit, a charging power lower limit, a discharging power upper limit, a discharging power lower limit, a pressure upper limit, a pressure lower limit, initial pressure, ambient temperature, a BSS power station electricity buying price, a BSS power station electricity selling price, a conversion loss cost coefficient, a depreciation cost coefficient, a conversion income coefficient, a charging device charging and discharging upper limit, a charging device charging and discharging lower limit, a charging device charging and discharging power variation upper limit, a charging device charging and discharging power variation lower limit, a standard battery pack effective charge amount, the periodic market.
In the simulation model, the unit and symbol expression of each input quantity, output quantity, and model parameter are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 units of the model for each physical quantity in the International System of units
(2) And establishing a micro-grid optimization operation model and optimizing a load transfer model.
Fig. 2 shows a microgrid model comprising an advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage, power battery replacement station. In the figure, a grid-connected micro-grid is connected with a large power grid, electric energy generated by photovoltaic power generation in the micro-grid is consumed by self preferentially, and redundant electric energy is sold to the large power grid through pricing to obtain benefits. When the electric energy in the microgrid is in short supply, the power can be bought from the large power grid to ensure supply, the advanced heat-insulation compressed air energy storage AA-CAES device stores the electric energy when the electric energy is rich, and the electric energy is transmitted to the microgrid when the output of the photovoltaic power station is insufficient to provide load requirements in the early morning and at night. On one hand, the stock battery of the power battery replacement station BSS can be used as a storage battery for charging and discharging, on the other hand, the stock battery can be used as a transferable load to supplement the adjustment range of the demand side responding DR, and the peak clipping and valley filling effects are achieved. And the demand side response is uniformly scheduled according to the type and the transferable part of the load, so that the photovoltaic output magnitude is close to the load predicted output as much as possible when the load in the valley time of the photovoltaic output is transferred to the peak time, the capacity configuration of energy storage is reduced, and the benefit is improved.
1) Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage AACAES power station work model
The compression/generation power of the AA-CAES power station, the air pressure in the air storage chamber and the heat storage capacity in the heat storage chamber can all be calculated by measuring the mass flow into/out of the air storage chamber. In the present embodiment, the error between the ideal compression/generation power and the actual compression/generation power is described in terms of isentropic efficiency, assuming that the heat exchangers can maintain the inlet air temperature of each stage of compression/turbine near their respective nominal values. Therefore, the calculation formula of the compression/power generation power of the AA-CAES power station is as follows:
in the formula, PCAESC,tAnd PCAESG,tFor charging and discharging power of the energy storage plant during a period t βc,kAnd βg,jThe rated compression ratio of the kth stage compressor and the rated expansion ratio of the jth stage expander are respectively.Andmass flow into and out of the gas storage chamber respectively at time t; gamma is the specific heat ratio of air; c. Cp,airIs the isobaric specific heat capacity of air; n iscAnd ngThe number of stages is respectively the compressor and the expander; t isc,k,inAnd Tg,j,inRated inlet air temperature for the kth stage compressor and the jth stage expander, respectively ηcAnd ηgIsentropic efficiency for compressors and turbines;
assuming that the temperature of the air reservoir is constant, the air pressure in the air reservoir is:
pst,t＝pst,t-1+Δpc,t-Δpg,t(3)
in the formula: p is a radical ofst,tIndicating the air pressure of the reservoir over time period t; Δ pc,tAnd Δ pg,tRespectively representing the air pressure variation in the air storage chamber in the unit scheduling time in the compression process and the power generation process.
2) BSS model of electric automobile battery replacement station
The battery replacing station comprises a battery pack and a charging and discharging device. The charging and discharging device is connected with the battery pack and the microgrid, has bidirectional adjustability, and stores electric energy in the microgrid in the battery pack or transmits the electric energy in the battery pack to the microgrid through the charging and discharging device. The battery pack includes three types: empty, full, and online. The charging and discharging device is respectively connected with the three groups of batteries through power electronic switches to control the on-off state of the charging and discharging device. When the switch connected with the online battery pack is in a closed state, the battery pack exchanges electric energy with the microgrid through the charging and discharging device; when the online battery pack is fully charged, the switch connected with the online battery pack is disconnected, and the switch connected with the empty battery pack is closed, so that the charging action of the microgrid to the battery pack can be continued; when the online battery pack is exhausted, disconnecting the switch connected with the online battery pack and closing the switch connected with the full battery pack; through setting up three groups of batteries, guaranteed the continuity of the charge-discharge action of group battery for the electric energy exchange of microgrid and group battery is not influenced by the group battery change.
Since the charge and discharge state of the battery is directly controlled by the charge and discharge device, the switching between the battery pack states is represented by the definition of the charge and discharge device behavior state. The behavior state of the charge and discharge device is composed of three mutually exclusive 0 and 1 variables.
Andthe value is a charge/discharge state value of the i-th charge/discharge device at time t, and when the value is 1, it indicates that the charge/discharge device is charging or discharging.
Andthe charging and discharging completion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t is shown, and when the value is 1, the charging and discharging device completes one charging or discharging action. In order to avoid overcharge or overdischarge of the battery pack, it is stipulated that 30% of the SOC corresponds to 0 of the effective charge amount when the battery is exhausted, and 90% of the SOC corresponds to 1 of the effective charge amount when the battery is fully charged. Meanwhile, in order to prolong the service life of the battery, the battery pack is ensured not to be discharged before being fully charged and not to be charged before being discharged. The battery entering the BSS is discharged, and the battery charged by the BSS should be circulated in a full state.
Andthe value is a charge-discharge conversion state value of the ith charge-discharge device at the time t, and when the value is 1, the charge-discharge device is switched between the charge state and the discharge state once, and if the state of the charge-discharge device is not switched or is switched to be stopped, the value is 0.
The three groups of variables can be used for describing the state switching of any one charge and discharge device between two time periods. As shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 charging and discharging device operating conditions
And obtaining and verifying the constraint conditions of the BSS optimization function according to the rules in the table.
3) Demand side response model taking response uncertainty into account
The resource that demand side response can be scheduled consists of two parts: the load and the online battery pack of the electric automobile can be transferred. In order to simplify calculation, one day is divided into 24 time intervals, the time interval from 1 hour to 7 hours and the time interval from 18 hours to 24 hours are set as valley time intervals of photovoltaic power generation, and the load is only transferred out and is not transferred in; the time from 8 hours to 17 hours is the peak time period of photovoltaic power generation, and the load is only transferred into and not transferred out; on one hand, the load transfer can transfer the load which can be transferred to the transfer-in period in the transfer-out period, so that the total load from 8 hours to 17 hours is increased, and the surplus photovoltaic power generation amount can be more consumed. On the other hand, the battery pack of the electric automobile connected with the micro-grid can serve as load absorption electric quantity, and can serve as an energy storage battery to supply power to the power grid when the micro-grid needs electric energy. In the transferring time period, the electric automobile battery pack discharges to the microgrid, and the photovoltaic output curve is equivalently raised. In the switching period, the micro-grid charges the electric automobile, and the photovoltaic output curve is reduced equivalently.
In the formula: m is the type of transferable load;andfor the transfer-in and transfer-out quantity of the mth type transferable load at the time t,representing the predicted power of the load after the demand side response,representing the load predicted power before the demand side responds;
in the formula: t isoutAnd TinFor load transfer-out and transfer-in periods, SLS-outLoad roll-out total, S, representing demand side responseLS-inLoad shifting total representing demand side response;
(3) and proposing constraint conditions for system optimization.
1) Constraint of microgrid system
The formula of the system power balance constraint is:
in the formula:the generated power of the photovoltaic power station;andbuying electric power from the large power grid and selling electric power to the large power grid for the micro power grid;andis the charge-discharge power of AA-CAES;andcharging the microgrid for the BSS and buying power from the microgrid;predicting power for the load after the demand side responds;to discard the optical power.
The residual electric quantity of the photovoltaic power station after the photovoltaic power station meets the consumption of the microgrid can be sold to a large power grid to obtain benefits, but due to the intermittency and instability of photovoltaic power generation, excessive electric energy is sent to the large power grid at a certain time period, and the stability and the electric energy quality of the large power grid are affected. The formula for controlling the backward power from the micro-grid to the large grid is as follows:
in the formula:is the maximum value of the reverse power per unit time period.
The renewable energy permeability is a ratio of the photovoltaic electric quantity consumed by the load to the total load, wherein the photovoltaic electric quantity consumed by the load can be equivalent to the total photovoltaic power generation quantity except the light abandoning quantity and the micro-grid back-feeding quantity.
The calculation formula of the permeability of the renewable energy source is as follows:
in the formula: l isperPermeability to renewable energy; sPV、SGrid、SabdAnd SloadRespectively representing the total photovoltaic power generation amount, the total load reverse power amount, the total light abandoning amount and the total user load amount;
2) constraint condition of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage AA-CAES power station
The charge and discharge power constraint formula is as follows:
in the formula: pCAES-c,minAnd PCAES-c,maxThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of AA-CAES charging power; pCAES-d,minAnd PCAES-d,maxUpper and lower limits of AA-CAES discharge power, PCAES-c,tRepresenting the charging power, P, of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage at time tCAES-d,tRepresenting the discharge power of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage at the time t;
the air pressure constraint formula in the air storage chamber is as follows:
pst,min≤pst,t≤pst,max(10)
in the formula: p is a radical ofst,minAnd pst,maxUpper and lower limit values, p, of the air pressure in the AA-CAES reservoirst,tIndicating the air pressure of the reservoir over time period t.
3) Constraint condition of BSS (base station system) of power battery replacement station
The power constraint formula of the charge and discharge device is as follows:
in the formula：Andthe charging and discharging state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t;andthe charging and discharging power of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t; pi,d,minAnd Pi,d,maxIs composed ofUpper and lower limit values of (d); pi,c,minAnd Pi,c,maxIs composed ofUpper and lower limit values of (d);andthe variation value of the charging and discharging power of the ith charging and discharging device in the unit time interval at the time t; delta Pi,c,minAnd Δ Pi,c,maxIs composed ofUpper and lower limit values of (d); delta Pi,d,minAnd Δ Pi,d,maxIs composed ofUpper and lower limit values of (d);
the constraint formulas of the charging and discharging completion state value and the conversion state value of the BSS charging and discharging device are obtained according to the table 2 as follows:
in the formula,the discharge completion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,the charging completion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,is the discharge conversion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,is the charging conversion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,the on-line battery charge of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t, e0Is the effective charge of the standard battery pack.
The constraint (14) ensures that the charging and discharging completion state value and the conversion state value of the charging and discharging device are mutually exclusive; the constraint (15) means that the online battery pack at the current moment hasWhen the effective charge capacity is 1, the battery is fully charged, the corresponding charging and discharging device completes one-time charging, and one-time counting is carried out. Constraint (16) describes, on the basis of (15), a method for determining the end-of-charge state value of 1 for a charging and discharging device, only when the state is switched between two periodsOrIs 1,OrAt 0, the transition state value is 1, indicating that one charge and discharge is completed. Corresponding to the conditions numbered 2, 4, 7, 8 of table 2. Constraint (17) is a supplement to constraint 16 and describes the value of the charge/discharge complete state value when the shutdown state and the charge/discharge state are switched over. The constraint (18) describes the relationship between the charge-discharge end state value and the charge-discharge transition state value, and the expressed logic is: the state switching can be performed only when the current behavior of the battery pack is completed, such as full or exhausted. Therefore, it should be determined by the charge/discharge state change of the charge/discharge deviceAndis then determined by the state of the next time switchAndin (1). When the state is not changed or the next time is switched to the shutdown state,andall values of (A) are 0. Corresponding to the conditions numbered 2, 4, 5, 6 of table 2. The state value for the remaining cases is 0.
The BSS reverse power constraint formula is:
in the formula:is the maximum value of the BSS reverse power,representing the reverse power of the BSS at the time t;
the charge quantity constraint formula is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofe0In order to fill the inventory of battery packs,for the amount of battery pack inventory that is full at time t,represents the total charge of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t +1,the total charge capacity of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t is shown, and delta t represents unit time, preferably one hour;
the calculation formula of the market capacity is as follows:
in the formula:the number of the battery packs in a full state at the moment t; n is a radical ofcFor a scheduled periodic market capacity of the battery pack,indicating the number of battery packs in a fully charged state at 24,andrespectively showing the charging and discharging completion state values of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t, I showing the number set of the charging and discharging devices,a discharge state value representing the discharge state of the ith charging and discharging device at the time 24;
4) constraints on demand side response (DR)
SLS-out＝SLS-in(22)
In the formula:andrespectively, the part of the mth load transferable at the time t; r is the percent load transfer capacity;
(4) and analyzing the influence of the response of the electric automobile power changing station and the demand side on the micro-grid economic operation and energy storage configuration aiming at different optimization situations.
And combining with an actual example, and solving by using CPLEX software. A10 kv feeder line in a certain actual area is selected for carrying out analysis, and typical daily output and load prediction data of the photovoltaic power generation system are shown in figure 3. 4 different scenes are designed according to an example, and the effectiveness of the model is verified through analysis of the optimization results in the different scenes. Scene 1: photovoltaic power generation in the micro-grid is only carried out by the electric energy exchange and load absorption of the micro-grid and the large power grid; scene 2: adding an energy storage system on the basis of the scene 1; scene 3: considering demand side responses on the basis of scenario 2; scene 4: introducing a power battery replacement station on the basis of the scene 3; the results of the optimization analysis of the system under 4 scenarios are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 System optimization results under different scenarios
| Parameter name | Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 | Scene 3 | Scene 4 |
| Photovoltaic patch/element | 4216.4 | 5160 | 5160 | 5160 |
| Micro-grid buying power/(kwh) | 3421.4 | 2299.1 | 1792.4 | 1338.9 |
| Air flow rate/(kwh) | 7617.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cost/element of energy storage | - | 240 | 189.26 | 169.82 |
| DR profit/yuan | - | - | 570.69 | 456.55 |
| BSS cost/dollar | - | - | - | 427.42 |
| DIF/(kwh) | 8332 | 8332 | 6050 | 5330 |
| Total profit/yuan of system | 90152 | 121323 | 122452 | 12327 |
As can be seen from table 3, compared with 4 scenarios, the total benefit of the system is gradually increased, which is increased from 9.0152 ten thousand yuan of scenario 1 to 12.3237 ten thousand yuan of scenario 4, the energy storage cost is reduced by 70.18 yuan, the total DIF of the difference between the photovoltaic power generation output curve and the load output after the response of the demand side and the BSS exchange power in the scheduling period is obviously reduced, and 3002kwh is reduced. Due to the fact that schedulable resources are limited, the micro-grid needs to purchase power from a large power grid in the valley period of photovoltaic power generation so as to meet internal requirements. As can be seen from scenario 2 in table 3, after the energy storage is increased, the system can convert the surplus electric energy in the peak period of the photovoltaic power generation and store the surplus electric energy in the gas storage tank. The generator is driven to generate electricity through high-pressure gas in the valley period, so that the cost of electricity purchasing of the micro-grid from the large power grid is reduced by 32.8%. From the scenario 3, after the peak clipping and valley filling functions are realized through the demand side response, a part of load in the valley period of the photovoltaic power generation is transferred to the peak period, and the power purchasing cost of the microgrid is further reduced to 1792 after the demand of the user side in the valley period is reduced; from the scenario 4, from the perspective of microgrid scheduling, the power battery replacement station has the functions of energy storage and peak clipping and valley filling, so that the power purchasing cost of the microgrid is further reduced to 1338. Fig. 4 shows the absolute value of the difference between photovoltaic and load contribution at each time period for different scenarios. The utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation after the response load transfer on the demand side is considered to be increased by 37.7%, and the utilization rate is further increased to 56.3% after the power battery is added. The method for solving the microgrid operation optimization problem is capable of effectively solving the microgrid operation optimization problem containing the electric automobile battery replacement station under the condition of considering the demand side response.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A microgrid operation method comprising an electric vehicle battery replacement station under consideration of demand side response is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring mass flow of an air storage chamber in the flowing-in and flowing-out advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage to obtain air pressure in the air storage chamber so as to determine the energy storage characteristic of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage;
introducing a power battery power exchanging station, wherein the power battery power exchanging station is used for exchanging electric energy with the microgrid and is used as a transferable load;
and the demand side responds to the load transfer according to the type of the load and the transfer-in and transfer-out amount of the transferable load, schedules the load transfer, transfers the load of the photovoltaic output in the valley time to the peak time, and controls the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage and the power battery conversion station to charge and discharge the microgrid so as to enable the magnitude of the photovoltaic output to be close to the predicted load output.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the air pressure within the air reservoir is: p is a radical ofst,t＝pst,t-1+Δpc,t-Δpg,tWherein p isst,tIndicating the air pressure of the reservoir during a period t, pst,t-1Representing the air pressure of the reservoir, Δ p, over a period of time t-1c,tIndicating the amount of change in air pressure in the reservoir, Δ p, per unit length of modulation during compressiong,tAnd the air pressure variation in the air reservoir during the unit scheduling time in the power generation process is represented.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage satisfies charge and discharge power constraints and air pressure constraints within an air reservoir, wherein the charge and discharge power constraints are:the air pressure constraint in the air reservoir is as follows: p is a radical ofst,min≤pst,t≤pst,max，PCAES-c,minUpper limit of charging power, P, for advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storageCAES-c,maxLower limit of charging power, P, for advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storageCAES-d,minFor the upper limit of the energy-storing discharge power, P, of the advanced adiabatic compressed airCAES-d,maxFor the lower limit of the energy-storing discharge power, P, of the advanced adiabatic compressed airCAES-c,tRepresenting the charging power, P, of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage at time tCAES-d,tRepresenting the discharge power, p, of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage at time tst,minFor the upper limit value, p, of the air pressure in the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy-storage and air-storage chamberst,maxFor advanced heat insulationLower limit value, p, of the air pressure in the compressed air energy-storing and air-storing chamberst,tIndicating the air pressure of the reservoir over time period t.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power battery replacement station comprises a battery pack and a charging and discharging device, wherein the charging and discharging device is connected with the battery pack and the microgrid, and the charging and discharging device is used for storing the electric energy in the microgrid in the battery pack or conveying the electric energy in the battery pack to the microgrid.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the constraint condition met by the power battery replacement station is: the method comprises the following steps of power constraint of a charge and discharge device, constraint of a charge and discharge completion state value and a conversion state value of the charge and discharge device, constraint of reverse power and constraint of charge quantity;
the power constraint of the charge and discharge device is as follows: andthe charging and discharging device is constrained by the charging and discharging completion state value and the conversion state value as follows: andthe BSS reverse power constraint is as follows:the charge quantity constraint is as follows:
andthe charging and discharging state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,andcharging and discharging power P of the ith charging and discharging device at t momenti,d,minAnd Pi,d,maxIs composed ofUpper and lower limit values of (P)i,c,minAnd Pi,c,maxIs composed ofThe upper and lower limit values of (c),anda change value of the charging and discharging power, delta P, of the ith charging and discharging device in the unit time period at the time ti,c,minAnd Δ Pi,c,maxIs composed ofUpper and lower limit values of, Δ Pi,d,minAnd Δ Pi,d,maxIs composed ofThe upper and lower limit values of (c),the discharge completion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,the charging completion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,is the discharge conversion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,is the charging conversion state value of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t,the on-line battery charge of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t, e0Is the effective charge of the standard battery pack,is the maximum value of the BSS reverse power,representing the power charged by the BSS to and from the microgrid, Ne0In order to fill the inventory of battery packs,for the amount of battery pack inventory that is full at time t,represents the total charge of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t +1,the total charge amount of the ith charging and discharging device at the time t is shown, and delta t represents unit time.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the constraints of demand side response are: sLS-out＝SLS-in、Andwherein,for the mth load the fraction can be diverted at time t,the fraction of the m-th load that can be transferred at time t, r is the percentage of the capacity of the transferred load, SLS-outLoad roll-out total, S, representing demand side responseLS-inLoad shifting total representing demand side response, M representing type of transferable load, ToutExpressed as load dump period, TinExpressed as a load shift-in period,representing the amount of out-transfer of the mth type transferable load at time t,indicating the load transfer amount of the mth type transferable load at time t.
7. The utility model provides a consider under demand side response contains electric automobile trades microgrid operating system of power station which characterized in that includes:
the first energy storage module is used for measuring mass flow of an air storage chamber flowing into and out of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage to obtain air pressure in the air storage chamber so as to determine the energy storage characteristic of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage;
the second energy storage module is used for introducing a power battery switching station, and the power battery switching station is used for carrying out electric energy exchange with the microgrid and is used as a transferable load;
and the demand side response module is used for scheduling load transfer according to the types of loads and the transfer-in and transfer-out amount of transferable loads, transferring the load of the photovoltaic output during valley time to peak time, and controlling the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage and the power battery conversion station to charge and discharge the microgrid so as to enable the magnitude of the photovoltaic output to be close to the predicted load output.
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