CN109687157B - Super surface capable of controlling wave absorption and polarization conversion functions based on electric field triggering - Google Patents

Super surface capable of controlling wave absorption and polarization conversion functions based on electric field triggering Download PDF

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CN109687157B
CN109687157B CN201811617874.6A CN201811617874A CN109687157B CN 109687157 B CN109687157 B CN 109687157B CN 201811617874 A CN201811617874 A CN 201811617874A CN 109687157 B CN109687157 B CN 109687157B
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polarization
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polarization conversion
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杨锐
阚尧
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Xidian University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242Polarisation converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242Polarisation converters
    • H01Q15/244Polarisation converters converting a linear polarised wave into a circular polarised wave
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/008Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape

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Abstract

The utility model provides a super surface of controlling absorbing wave and polarization conversion function based on electric field trigger, including mxn super surface unit of periodic arrangement, super surface unit includes the medium base plate, the metal paster unit of printing in one side of medium base plate and the metal floor of another side, the metal paster unit comprises two opening directions 180 degrees and the U type metal paster that is mirror symmetry, and the metal microstrip line of establishing ties these two U type metal pasters is constituteed, when the electric field direction of incident electromagnetic wave rotates to the x axis direction from the y axle that is the opening direction of U type metal paster gradually, trigger the absorbing rate and reduce gradually, trigger simultaneously and realize electromagnetic wave linear polarization-circular polarization-linear polarization characteristic, and when the electric field direction of incident electromagnetic wave is located the angular separation of x axle and y axle, polarization conversion rate is the best. The invention can respectively trigger and realize the wave-absorbing and polarization conversion functions by changing the direction of the electromagnetic wave electric field, and can be used in a microwave communication system.

Description

Super surface capable of controlling wave absorption and polarization conversion functions based on electric field triggering
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwaves, and relates to a super-surface capable of controlling wave absorption and polarization conversion functions based on electric field triggering, which can be used in the fields of wireless communication and radar.
Background
The super surface is used as a novel artificial electromagnetic material, and electromagnetic waves can be effectively controlled according to requirements. In order to meet the requirements of wireless communication systems, the realization of functions such as wave absorption, polarization conversion and the like through a super surface has become a research hotspot. For example: the patent with the publication number of CN 104638382B and the name of 'a double-frequency metamaterial wave absorber' discloses a double-frequency metamaterial wave absorber, which utilizes two structures of a metal square ring and a metal circular ring in the metal square ring at the top layer to generate two different electromagnetic resonance wave absorbing frequency points, but the structure can only realize the wave absorbing function and cannot realize the polarization conversion function. For example, a patent with an authorization publication number of CN 104577352B entitled "a microwave band active frequency selective surface tunable polarization converter" discloses a microwave band active frequency selective surface tunable polarization converter, which realizes output of circularly polarized or linearly polarized electromagnetic waves by controlling the on-off state of a PIN diode on a frequency selective surface, but only realizes a polarization conversion function, and cannot realize a wave absorbing function.
With the development of wireless communication systems, the requirements for system function integration are higher and higher, but the existing wave absorbers and polarization converters can only realize respective functions generally and do not realize structure sharing, so that the super surface capable of realizing the two functions has important significance for the integration of wireless communication systems such as radar detection and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a super-surface which is triggered based on an electric field and can control wave absorption and polarization conversion functions aiming at realizing two functions of wave absorption and polarization conversion by utilizing the same super-surface structure and only changing the direction of the electric field of incident waves through triggering respectively.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a super surface based on electric field triggering and capable of controlling wave absorption and polarization conversion functions comprises mxn super surface units which are periodically arranged, wherein m is more than or equal to 2, n is more than or equal to 2, the super surface units comprise a medium substrate 1, a metal floor 2 printed on one side of the medium substrate 1 and a metal patch unit 3 on the other side of the medium substrate, the metal patch unit 3 consists of two U-shaped metal patches 31 with 180-degree difference in opening direction and mirror symmetry, and a metal microstrip line 32 connected with the two U-shaped metal patches 31 in series, when the electric field direction of incident electromagnetic waves gradually rotates from the positive direction of the opening direction of the Y-axis U-shaped metal patch 31 to the negative direction of the X-axis or from the negative direction of the Y-axis to the positive direction of the X-axis, the wave absorption rate is triggered to be gradually reduced, the linear polarization-left circular polarization-linear polarization characteristic of the electromagnetic waves is triggered to be realized, and when the electric field direction of the incident electromagnetic waves is positioned on the angular division, the polarization conversion rate is best; when the electric field direction of the incident electromagnetic wave rotates from the positive y-axis direction to the positive x-axis direction or from the negative y-axis direction to the negative x-axis direction, the triggering wave absorption rate is gradually reduced, and the electromagnetic wave linear polarization-right-hand circular polarization-linear polarization characteristics are simultaneously triggered and realized.
The above-mentioned super surface based on electric field triggering can control and inhale ripples and polarization conversion function, wherein U type metal paster 31 adopts square U type paster structure, and metal microstrip line 32 adopts rectangle microstrip structure, and the opening direction of two U type metal pasters 31 in the metal paster unit 3 is carried on the back mutually, and the tie point of these two U type metal pasters 31 and metal microstrip line 32 is located the mid point on U type metal paster 31 base.
The wave-absorbing frequency f of the super-surface unit based on the electric field triggered super-surface with the controllable wave-absorbing and polarization conversion functionsaSatisfy the requirement of
Figure BDA0001926182250000021
Where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space and daThe length a from one end of the first U-shaped metal patch 31 to the connection point of the metal microstrip line1+ b/2, length a of metal microstrip line 322And the length a from one end of the second U-shaped metal patch 31 to the connection point of the metal microstrip line1+ b/2 sum, εrIs the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1; the polarization conversion frequency f of the super-surface unitpIn the reflection band and fp>faBy adjusting the line width w of the bottom edge of the U-shaped metal patch2Adjusting the phase difference between two orthogonal components of the reflected electromagnetic wave and thus the polarization conversion frequency fpThe range of (1).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention realizes two functions of wave absorption and polarization conversion only by changing the direction of the electric field of the incident electromagnetic wave and realizes the functions of two existing super surfaces by adopting the same super surface, thereby realizing the structure sharing and ensuring that the system function is easier to integrate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metal patch unit of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a wave absorption rate simulation result diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of simulation results of two orthogonal component amplitudes and phases of reflected waves in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of axial ratio simulation results for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention comprises 10 × 10 periodically arranged super-surface units, wherein the arrangement periods of the super-surface units in the x and y directions are both 10mm, and the super-surface units are composed of a dielectric substrate 1, a metal floor 2 and a metal patch unit 3; relative dielectric constant ε of dielectric substrate 1r4.4, a thickness of 2mm, a loss tangent δ of 0.02, a metal floor 2 printed on one side and a metal patch element 3 printed on the other side.
Referring to fig. 2, the metal patch unit 3 is composed of two U-shaped metal patches 31 with 180-degree opening direction difference, mirror symmetry and back-to-back openings, and a metal microstrip line 32 connected in series with the two U-shaped metal patches 31, and the wave-absorbing resonant frequency of the metal patch unit satisfies the requirement
Figure BDA0001926182250000031
c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space, daThe length a from one end of the first U-shaped metal patch 31 to the connection point of the metal microstrip line1+ b/2, metal microstrip line 32 lengthDegree a2And the length a from one end of the second U-shaped metal patch 31 to the connection point of the metal microstrip line1+ b/2 sum, εrIs the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1, in this example, take a1=2.25mm,a2=2.5mm,w1=0.1mm,w2The wave-absorbing frequency of this example is 5.25GHz, and the polarization conversion frequency is 15GHz, which is 0.7mm and b is 2.5 mm.
The working principle of the invention is that when the incident electromagnetic wave transmitted along the-z direction is linearly polarized wave and the direction of the electric field is parallel to the y axis, the super-surface unit generates resonance at the designed wave-absorbing frequency, and the wave-absorbing function is realized at the resonance frequency by using the loss of the medium substrate; when the electric field direction of the incident electromagnetic wave propagating along the-z direction is positioned on the angular bisector of the x axis and the y axis, two reflected electromagnetic wave components of x polarization and y polarization propagating along the + z direction can be simultaneously generated at the polarization conversion frequency through the super-surface unit, and the phase difference of the two components is changed by 90 degrees relative to the incident electromagnetic wave, so that the polarization conversion function is realized. For example, when the incident wave is linearly polarized and the electric field direction is on the angular bisector of the positive x-axis and the positive y-axis, the ratio of the two component amplitudes of the y-polarization to the x-polarization of the reflected wave is about 1: 1, and
Figure BDA0001926182250000032
the conversion from linear polarization to right-hand circular polarization is realized; when the incident wave is right-handed circularly polarized wave and the direction of the electric field is positioned on the angular bisector of the positive x axis and the positive y axis, the amplitude ratio of two components of y polarization and x polarization of the reflected wave is about 1: 1, and
Figure BDA0001926182250000033
and the conversion from right-hand circular polarization to linear polarization is realized.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further explained by simulation experiments.
1. Simulation conditions and contents.
The following simulation experiments developed based on the embodiment of the present invention are all completed by using CST virtual STUDIO simulation software.
Simulation 1, the wave absorbing effect of the embodiment of the invention at the frequency of 4.5-6 GHz is simulated, and the simulation result is shown in figure 3;
simulation 2, the ratio of the amplitudes of two orthogonal components and the phase difference of the two orthogonal components of the incident electromagnetic wave reflected by the super-surface unit in the frequency range of 14-17 GHz in the embodiment of the invention are simulated, and the simulation result is shown in FIG. 4;
simulation 3, the axial ratio of the incident linear polarized wave converted into circular polarization by the super surface in the frequency range of 14 to 16.5GHz in the embodiment of the invention is simulated, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 5.
2. Analysis of simulation results
Referring to fig. 3, in the embodiment, the incident electromagnetic wave is a linearly polarized wave, the direction of the electric field is kept unchanged parallel to the y-axis, the incident angle θ is rotated from 0 ° to 60 °, and the super-surface has a good wave absorption effect at a frequency of 5.25 GHz. The incidence angle theta is within the range of 0-60 degrees, and the wave absorption rate of the super-surface is more than 90% under the frequency of 5.25 GHz. Referring to fig. 2, the super-surface unit is symmetrical about the y-axis, so that the change effect of the incident angle in the range of 0 ° to 60 ° is the same as the change effect in the range of 0 ° to-60 °, and under the frequency of 5.25GHz, as for the super-surface in the embodiment, the wave-absorbing rate is greater than 90% when the incident angle θ changes in the range of-60 ° to 60 °, so that the wave-absorbing effect of the super-surface in the embodiment under the frequency of 5.25GHz is good.
Referring to fig. 4, in this embodiment, the incident electromagnetic wave is a linearly polarized wave, the direction of the electric field is located on the angular bisector of the positive x axis and the positive y axis, after the incident wave is reflected by the super-surface unit, the amplitude ratio of two components of the reflected wave parallel to the x axis and the y axis is in the range of 0.930 to 0.980 within the frequency range of 14 to 17GHz, and the phase difference is
Figure BDA0001926182250000041
All are in the range of-114.0 degrees to-72.7 degrees, so that the conversion from linear polarized waves to circular polarized waves can be completed.
Referring to fig. 5, in the embodiment, the incident electromagnetic wave is a linearly polarized wave, the polarization direction and the electric field direction are located on the angle bisector of the positive x axis and the positive y axis, the incident wave is reflected by the super surface, the conversion from the linearly polarized wave to the right-handed circularly polarized wave is completed within the frequency range of 14 to 16.5GHz, the circular polarization axial ratio is less than 2dB within the frequency range of 14.4 to 16.2GHz, and the circular polarization effect is good.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the innovative concept of the present invention, but these changes are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A super surface capable of controlling wave absorption and polarization conversion functions based on electric field triggering comprises mxn super surface units which are periodically arranged, wherein m is more than or equal to 2, n is more than or equal to 2, the super-surface unit comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a metal floor (2) printed on one side of the dielectric substrate (1) and a metal patch unit (3) on the other side, it is characterized in that the metal patch unit (3) is composed of two U-shaped metal patches (31) with 180-degree difference in opening direction and in mirror symmetry, and a metal microstrip line (32) connected in series with the two U-shaped metal patches (31), the U-shaped metal patches (31) adopt a square U-shaped patch structure, the metal microstrip lines (32) adopt a rectangular microstrip structure, and the connection points of the two U-shaped metal patches (31) and the metal microstrip lines (32) are positioned at the middle points of the bottom edges of the U-shaped metal patches (31); when the electric field direction of the incident electromagnetic wave rotates from the y-axis direction, namely the opening direction of the U-shaped metal patch (31), to the x-axis direction gradually, the trigger wave absorption rate is reduced gradually, the linear polarization-circular polarization-linear polarization characteristics of the electromagnetic wave are realized simultaneously, and when the electric field direction of the incident electromagnetic wave is positioned on the angular bisector of the x-axis and the y-axis, the polarization conversion rate is best.
2. The electric field triggered controllable microwave absorbing and polarization converting super surface according to claim 1, wherein the super surface unit has a resonant frequency f of wave absorptionaThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002910169640000011
where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space and daIs a U-shaped metalSum of length of patch and length of metal microstrip line, epsilonrIs the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate; the super surface unit has a polarization conversion frequency fpIn the reflection band and fp>faBy adjusting the line width w of the bottom edge of the U-shaped metal patch2Adjusting the phase difference between two orthogonal components of the reflected electromagnetic wave and thus the polarization conversion frequency fpThe range of (1).
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CN111987473B (en) * 2020-09-17 2021-06-01 西安电子科技大学 Vortex multi-beam super-surface Cassegrain antenna with reconfigurable polarization
CN112525095A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-19 重庆大学 Method for realizing super-surface biaxial strain sensing by utilizing polarization-phase-deformation relation
CN113809545B (en) * 2021-10-08 2022-11-18 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 Nonlinear wave-absorbing super surface for space electromagnetic waves
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