CN109685046A - A kind of skin light transparency analysis method and its device based on image grayscale - Google Patents
A kind of skin light transparency analysis method and its device based on image grayscale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of skin light transparency analysis method and its device based on image grayscale, and method obtains the color image of light clear transdermal sample by image collecting device the following steps are included: step 1；Step 2, the interested rectangular area that skin samples are selected in color image, by the RGB component intensity-conversion of the rectangular region image at gray-scale intensity signal；Step 3, several point-of-interests are chosen in the blood vessel of selected rectangular area, and calculates the gray value, gray average and initial gray mean value of point-of-interest；Step 4, it is normalized with initial gray mean value as maximum value, calculates the gray value of point-of-interest, gray average compares the sum of the grayscale values gray average decline percentage P that initial gray mean value obtains respectively；Step 5, the gray value of different time, gray average, gray average decline percentage P are depicted as curve graph according to time coordinate.The present invention effectively reflects the variation tendency of skin light transparency and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to image analysis technology field more particularly to a kind of skin light transparencies based on image grayscale point
Analyse method and device thereof.
Background technique
Skin is made of epidermis, corium and subcutaneous tissue, and contains the accessory organs such as sweat gland, capillary, nerve, these
Skin forms the complicated morphological feature of each tool, has different refractive indexes to each wavelength of visible light, so that skin reduces skin
UV light reaches intracutaneous intensity and depth, so that fringe is presented in veins beneath the skin.
It so far, is to be used in the medical research targeted frequently with open skin window (abbreviation skin window) with blood vessel
Blood vessel observation, tumor microenvironment observation and treatment etc. research, the image of veins beneath the skin are obtained by skin window, to study blood
Manage various states.Open skin window need to carry out surgical operation to skin, shear skin, cause skin injury, lead to organism
Physiological status variation acutely, brings corresponding negative effect.To avoid shearing skin, while obtaining the clear figure of veins beneath the skin
Picture, guarantees the objectivity of research as far as possible, nearly more than ten coming year carried out not open skin window model tissue light transparent technology (TOC,
Tissue Optical Clearing) research, research is widely applied in subcutaneous haematic flow monitoring, the acquisition of subcutaneous tumor image.
In use, skin gradually switchs to pellucidity, veins beneath the skin by cloudy state to skin light transparent technology
Clearly state is gradually presented, in the process, the variation of skin light pellucidity is generally using the laser light source of profession, camera
Carry out the spectrum of reflected light and transmitted light on analyzing skin image or skin with spectrometer, the price of equipment is not only high but also not
Easily implement.
For the effect that measurement light is transparent, existing technological means will generally use expensive laser illumination to see
The skin in region is examined, if superposition uses spectrometer, cost is higher.
It, generally will be in optics by the method that laser illumination reuses the skin image of camera acquisition in measurement process
It is carried out in darkroom, laser is generally also not easily shifted as professional equipment, causes measurement method not only expensive but also operates
It is complex, and these methods mainly study be veins beneath the skin and periphery background image in light transparent effect differentiation journey
Degree.
Reusing the method that spectrometer monitors reflected light and transmitted intensity by laser illumination generally also needs using special
Industry laser is superimposed again using spectrometer, is also carried out in optical dark room, measurement method it is expensive and also operation compared with
For complexity.For this method there are one significant drawbacks, spectrometer can only measure the light for being collected into spectrometer, reflect spectrum change
Trend can not accurate description for the variation of each point light transparency on skin.
Summary of the invention
The transparent journey of skin light based on image grayscale that it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of
Analysis method and its device are spent, using common white light as light source, using ordinary digital camera as image capture device, in conjunction with digital picture
Processing method, it is cheap, quickly easy-to-use analysis determines in light clearing process that skin becomes transparent degree by muddy.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of skin light transparency analysis method based on image grayscale comprising following steps:
Step 1, the color image of light clear transdermal sample is obtained by image collecting device；
Step 2, the interested rectangular area ROI of skin samples is selected in color image, the pixel of rectangular area is
NxN, by the RGB component intensity-conversion of the rectangular region image at gray-scale intensity signal；
Step 3, several point-of-interests are chosen in the blood vessel of selected rectangular area, and calculates the gray value of point-of-interest
IDOI, gray average IAVGWith initial gray mean value IROI, and enable IDOI=IAVG；
Step 4, with initial gray mean value IROIIt is normalized as maximum value, calculates the gray value I of point-of-interestDOI、
Gray average IAVGInitial gray mean value I is compared respectivelyROIObtain sum of the grayscale values gray average decline percentage P；
Step 5, by the gray value I of different timeDOI, gray average IAVG, gray average decline percentage P sat according to the time
Curve graph is made in plotting, effectively reflects the transparent effect degree of light clear transdermal sample；Gray value or gray average smaller generation
Epidermis skin transparent effect is better, and gray average decline percentage P is bigger, and to represent skin transparent effect better.
Further, RGB component intensity-conversion is as follows at the conversion formula of gray-scale intensity signal in step 2:
IY=0.299IR+0.587IG+0.114IBFormula (1)
In formula, IYIt is grey scale signal intensity, IR、IG、IBIt is red, green, blue component intensity in RGB component respectively.
Further, the calculation method of the gray average of point-of-interest is as follows in step 3:
The coordinate in grayscale image of point-of-interest DOI is set as (i, j), takes MxM picture centered on each point-of-interest DOI
Plain region, the specific value of M can as the case may be depending on, calculate each point-of-interest gray average IAVG, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, (n, m) is point-of-interest coordinate, I in the ROI region of NxN pixelY(n,m)It is the pixel that coordinate is (n, m)
Point gray value.Under normal circumstances, to avoid error caused by reconnaissance, with gray average IAVGInstead of gray value IDOIIt is analyzed,
That is IDOI=IAVG。
Further, the specific steps of the initial gray mean value of point-of-interest are calculated in step 3:
The average gray value of the image of whole rectangular area is calculated as initial gray mean value IROI, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, N is the width of the rectangular area ROI and the pixel quantity of height, and (n, m) is point-of-interest in ROI rectangle region
Coordinate in domain, IY(n,m)It is the pixel gray value that coordinate is (n, m).
Further, the calculation formula of sum of the grayscale values gray average decline percentage P is as follows in step 4:
Wherein, IDOIFor gray value, IAVGFor gray average, IROIFor initial gray mean value.
A kind of skin light transparency analytical equipment based on image grayscale comprising the skin samples that set gradually, white
Light source and image collecting device and computer；White light source is common permanent light source, and white light source irradiation is in the skin of light transparence state
Skin sample；Image collecting device is used to obtain the color image of light clear transdermal sample, and will be colored by video output interface
Image transmitting is to computer；Color Image Processing is grayscale image and is calculated the gray scale of point-of-interest based on grayscale image by computer
Value, gray average and initial gray mean value, and then carry out the light transparency analysis of light clear transdermal sample.
Further, white light is common permanent light source.
Further, image collector is set to the digital camera with video output interface,
Further, video output interface is HDMI interface.
Further, the analysis of the skin light transparency analysis method design based on image grayscale is installed on computer
Software, analysis software be provided with frequency observation area, choose the coordinates regional of ROI, the display area ROI and DOI selection area, the time and
DOI gray average text viewing area, DOI grey scale change curve graph, video observation area is for observing what digital camera transmitted
Simultaneously transparent to light skin samples are acquired video flowing, and the image for choosing the coordinates regional transparent to light skin samples of ROI carries out
The selection of area-of-interest is simultaneously shown in the display area ROI, while for selecting DOI point in ROI region, and in different moments root
Decline percentage according to the gray value, gray average or gray average of the requirement extract point, is shown in time and DOI gray average
Text viewing area, while being plotted in DOI grey scale change curve graph and reflecting the change of the light transparency of the ROI region at any time
Change.
Further, DOI gray average I is drawnAVGVariation, gray average decline percentage P change curve concentrated expression
Skin light transparency.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, special without other to light source using white light that is general, keeping in balance
It is required that obtain image after, to can not comparison brightness size clear transdermal color image carry out gray proces, when solving different
Between stage clear transdermal color image numerical value compare problem, then by image some put sum of the grayscale values gray value decline
Percentage and with this put for center MxM pixel region gray average and gray average decline percentage reflect the transparent journey of skin
Degree trend.
In contrast, the method for the skin image obtained by laser illumination using camera will use dedicated valuableness
The skin image under same illumination brightness is obtained as light source for laser so that blood vessel and periphery clear background are distinguished, originally
It is different to invent low in cost and determination method.
Determination method and comparison of the invention monitors reflected light and transmitted intensity using spectrometer by laser illumination
Method to have similar place determined by the intensity of light, difference is that spectrometer is to measure the intensity of each frequency component still
Which point not can determine that is or zonule, the present invention are by measuring and calculating in the image in pellucidity skin
Some puts and puts with this intensity of light for center MxM pixel region, and can accurately reflect some and put and with this
Point is the variation tendency of light transparency of center MxM pixel region and low in cost.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in further details below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments；
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the skin light transparency analytical equipment based on image grayscale of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow diagram of the skin light transparency analysis method based on image grayscale of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is analysis software schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is different moments corresponding color image of the invention and the corresponding grayscale image with point-of-interest；
Fig. 5 is the curve graph for the different moments gray average that the present invention is drawn；
Fig. 6 is the curve graph that the different moments gray average that the present invention is drawn declines percentage P.
Specific embodiment
The transparent i.e. skin of skin light of the present invention is made of epidermis, corium and subcutaneous tissue, and contains sweat gland, blood capillary
The accessory organs such as pipe, nerve, these skins form the complicated morphological feature of each tool, have different refractions to each wavelength of visible light
Index, so that skin reduces skin UV light and reaches intracutaneous intensity and depth, so that fringe is presented in veins beneath the skin.Skin
Light transparent technology can significantly reduce the scattering of skin histology, penetration depth of the light in skin histology be improved, so that veins beneath the skin
Clearly image is presented.Described image gray scale is according to 8 in digital picture gray level image formats, by brightness of image with 256 grades
It is divided, at all levels and details in difference image.
As shown in Figure 1, the device that the present invention uses includes skin samples, white light source and image collecting device, white light is general
Logical perseverance light source, image collector are set to digital camera, and digital camera is the camera with video output interface, are used herein as prevalence
HDMI interface (High Definition Multimedia Interface, high-definition media interface), computer use band
The interface of HDMI input, the software of the skin light transparency analysis method based on image grayscale is equipped on computer, is carried out
The acquisition of light clear transdermal sample and the analysis of light transparency.
As shown in Fig. 2, the invention discloses a kind of skin light transparency analysis method based on image grayscale, specific to flow
Steps are as follows for journey:
(1) light clear transdermal sample is by digital camera acquired image data in system and device with Computer Graphics Display
On a computer display, and in computer terminal with the storage of color graphics format.
Light clear transdermal sample is existed by digital camera acquired image data in system and device with Computer Graphics Display
On computer display, and in computer terminal with the storage of color graphics format.Coloured picture is generally made of RGB, is related to 3 kinds of components,
It can not be comprehensively compared, it, can not be from amount although the image of same skin area different moments can be with subjective observation light transparent effect
Directly judge in value, so the analysis of transparent to light variation uses and coloured picture is first changed into the method that grayscale image is compared to each other again, from
The transparent variation degree of light is angularly analyzed in the variation of gray value, gray average and gray value percentage.
(2) coloured picture is changed into grayscale image.
Selected skin samples rectangular area ROI (Region of Interest), pixel NxN, by the RGB component of image
Intensity-conversion is at gray-scale intensity signal, conversion formula
IY=0.299IR+0.587IG+0.114IBFormula (1)
In formula, IYIt is grey scale signal intensity, is red, green, blue component intensity in RGB component respectively.
(3) calculate the gray value of DOI (Dot of Interest, point-of-interest) in selection area blood vessel, gray average and
Initial gray mean value.
Extract DOI gray value.Several point-of-interest DOI, of point are chosen from the different location of selected rectangular area blood vessel
Depending on number can be according to actual conditions, the gray value I of these points is extractedDOI。
Calculate DOI gray average.Assuming that coordinate is (i, j) to DOI point in the picture, MxM pixel region is taken centered on each DOI
Domain depending on M can be according to actual conditions, calculates its gray average IAVG, and enable IDOI=IAVG, the fundamental formular of calculating is
In formula, (n, m) is DOI coordinate, I in NxN pixel ROI imageY(n,m)It is the pixel gray level that coordinate is (n, m)
Value.
Calculate initial gray mean value.With the average gray value I of whole ROI imageROIAs primary condition, in formula (2) base
Entire ROI is extended on plinth, calculation formula is
In formula, N is the width of ROI region and the pixel quantity of height.
(4) it calculates sum of the grayscale values gray average and declines percentage.With initial gray mean value IROINormalizing is carried out as maximum value
Change, DOI gray value IDOICompared to IROIThe percentage P of decline enables gray value I to avoid errorDOIEqual to gray average IAVG,
Calculation formula is
(5) by the gray average I of different timeAVG(or gray value IDOI), gray average (or gray value) decline percentage P
It is depicted as curve graph according to time coordinate, can effectively reflect the transparent effect degree of light clear transdermal sample.Gray average (or
Gray value) the smaller skin transparent effect that represents is better, and gray average (or gray value) decline percentage P is bigger, and to represent skin transparent
Effect is better.Under normal circumstances, to avoid error caused by reconnaissance, gray value is replaced to be analyzed with gray average.
The realization principle of light transparency analysis software is described in detail below:
As shown in figure 3, light transparency analysis software is made of several modules, main part has video observation area, choosing
Take coordinates regional, the display area ROI and DOI selection area, time and the DOI gray average text viewing area, DOI gray scale of ROI
Change curve, video observation area is used to observe the video flowing that digital camera transmits and transparent to light skin samples are adopted
Collection, the image for choosing the main transparent to light skin samples of coordinates regional of ROI carry out the selection of area-of-interest and are shown in ROI
Display area, while DOI point is selected in ROI region, in different moments, gray value, the gray scale that can extract the point according to demand are equal
Value or gray average decline percentage, are shown in time and DOI gray average text viewing area, while can be plotted in DOI ash
It spends in change curve, thus reflects that the light transparency of the ROI region changes with time.
The result of light transparency analysis: as Figure 4-Figure 6, dependency number is extracted according to above-mentioned algorithm and the software of design
According to by the original state of clear transdermal sample, pellucidity 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 60 minutes gray averages and ash
Degree mean value decline percentage synthesis is listed, and the transparency variation tendency of clear transdermal sample can be observed.
The present invention be directed to light clear transdermal and similar situation, using the variation of gray value of image or gray average size come
Reflect skin transparency trend.For light clear transdermal and similar situation, after being normalized using gray value of image, gray value or
Person's gray average declines the variation of percentage (relative value) to reflect skin transparency trend.The present invention is saturating in measurement skin light
It is right after obtaining image to light source without other particular/special requirements using white light that is general, keeping in balance during bright degree
Can not the clear transdermal color image of comparison brightness size carry out gray proces, it is colored to solve different time stage clear transdermal
The numerical value of image compares problem, then declines percentage by the sum of the grayscale values gray value of DOI interested any in image angiosomes
Than, percentage declined as gray average in the MxM pixel region of center and gray average using DOI reflect skin transparency trend.
In contrast, the method for the skin image obtained by laser illumination using camera will use dedicated valuableness
The skin image under same illumination brightness is obtained as light source for laser so that blood vessel and periphery clear background are distinguished, originally
It is different to invent low in cost and determination method.
Determination method and comparison of the invention monitors reflected light and transmitted intensity using spectrometer by laser illumination
Method to have similar place determined by the intensity of light, difference is that spectrometer is to measure the intensity of each frequency component still
Not can determine that it is that perhaps the zonule present invention is the strong of the light of certain point or some zonule in measurement image to which point
Degree, and some point and the variation tendency of some zonule light transparency and low in cost can be accurately reflected.
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Claims (10)
1. a kind of skin light transparency analysis method based on image grayscale, it is characterised in that: itself the following steps are included:
Step 1, the color image of light clear transdermal sample is obtained by image collecting device；
Step 2, the interested rectangular area ROI of skin samples is selected in color image, the pixel of rectangular area is NxN,
By the RGB component intensity-conversion of the rectangular region image at gray-scale intensity signal；
Step 3, several point-of-interests are chosen in the blood vessel of selected rectangular area, and calculates the gray value I of point-of-interestDOI、
Gray average IAVGWith initial gray mean value IROI, and enable IDOI=IAVG；
Step 4, with initial gray mean value IROIIt is normalized as maximum value, calculates the gray value I of point-of-interestDOI, gray scale
Mean value IAVGInitial gray mean value I is compared respectivelyROIObtained sum of the grayscale values gray average decline percentage P；
Step 5, by the gray value I of different timeDOI, gray average IAVG, gray average decline percentage P drawn according to time coordinate
Curve graph is made, effectively reflects the transparent effect degree of light clear transdermal sample；Gray value or gray average is smaller represents skin
Skin transparent effect is better, and gray average decline percentage P is bigger, and to represent skin transparent effect better.
2. a kind of skin light transparency analysis method based on image grayscale according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
RGB component intensity-conversion is as follows at the conversion formula of gray-scale intensity signal in step 2:
IY=0.299IR+0.587IG+0.114IBFormula (1)
In formula, IYIt is grey scale signal intensity, IR、IG、IBIt is red, green, blue component intensity in RGB component respectively.
3. a kind of skin light transparency analysis method based on image grayscale according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The calculation method of the gray average of point-of-interest is as follows in step 3:
The coordinate in grayscale image of point-of-interest DOI is set as (i, j), takes MxM pixel region centered on each point-of-interest DOI
Domain, the specific value of M can as the case may be depending on, calculate each point-of-interest gray average IAVG, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, (n, m) is point-of-interest coordinate, I in the ROI region of NxN pixelY(n,m)It is the pixel ash that coordinate is (n, m)
Angle value.
4. a kind of skin light transparency analysis method based on image grayscale according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The specific steps of the initial gray mean value of point-of-interest are calculated in step 3:
The average gray value of the image of the whole rectangular area ROI is calculated as initial gray mean value IROI, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, N is the width of the rectangular area ROI and the pixel quantity of height, and (n, m) is point-of-interest in the rectangular area ROI
Coordinate, IY(n,m)It is the pixel gray value that coordinate is (n, m).
5. a kind of skin light transparency analysis method based on image grayscale according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The calculation formula of sum of the grayscale values gray average decline percentage P is as follows in step 4:
Wherein, IDOIFor gray value, IAVGFor gray average, IROIFor initial gray mean value.
6. a kind of skin light transparency analytical equipment based on image grayscale, claim 1-5 any described one is applied
Skin light transparency analysis method of the kind based on image grayscale, it is characterised in that: analytical equipment includes the skin set gradually
Sample, white light source and image collecting device and computer；White light source is common permanent light source, and white light source irradiation is in light transparence shape
The skin samples of state；Image collecting device is used to obtain the color image of light clear transdermal sample, and passes through video output interface
By colo r image transmission to computer；Color Image Processing is grayscale image and calculates point-of-interest based on grayscale image by computer
Gray value, gray average and initial gray mean value, and then carry out the light transparency analysis of light clear transdermal sample.
7. a kind of skin light transparency analytical equipment based on image grayscale according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
White light is common permanent light source.
8. a kind of skin light transparency analytical equipment based on image grayscale according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
Image collector is set to the digital camera with video output interface.
9. a kind of skin light transparency analytical equipment based on image grayscale according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
The analysis software of skin light transparency analysis method design based on image grayscale, analysis software setting are installed on computer
There are video observation area, the coordinates regional for choosing ROI, the display area ROI and DOI selection area, time and DOI gray average text
Viewing area, DOI grey scale change curve graph, video observation area are used to observe video flowing and the transparent to light that digital camera transmits
Skin samples are acquired, and the image for choosing the coordinates regional transparent to light skin samples of ROI carries out the selection of area-of-interest
And it is shown in the display area ROI, while for selecting DOI point in ROI region, and extract the point according to demand in different moments
Gray value, gray average or gray average decline percentage, are shown in time and DOI gray average text viewing area, simultaneously
It is plotted in DOI grey scale change curve graph and reflects that the light transparency of the ROI region changes with time.
10. a kind of skin light transparency analytical equipment based on image grayscale according to claim 6 or 9, feature
Be: computer further draws the variation of DOI gray average, gray average decline percentage P change curve concentrated expression skin
Skin light transparency.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110634111A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-31 | 福建工程学院 | Skin light transparency analysis method and system based on blood vessel region gray scale and image number |
| CN111209936A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-29 | 新绎健康科技有限公司 | Method and system for determining facial gloss based on k-means clustering |
| CN111915564A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-11-10 | 西安交通大学 | Frozen meat product optical characteristic detection method combining machine vision and OCT technology |
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| CN111209936A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-29 | 新绎健康科技有限公司 | Method and system for determining facial gloss based on k-means clustering |
| CN111209936B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2023-04-25 | 新绎健康科技有限公司 | Method and system for determining face gloss based on k-means clustering |
| CN111915564A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-11-10 | 西安交通大学 | Frozen meat product optical characteristic detection method combining machine vision and OCT technology |
| CN111915564B (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2022-04-22 | 西安交通大学 | Frozen meat product optical characteristic detection method combining machine vision and OCT technology |
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