CN109683023B - Method for measuring thickness and dielectric constant of asphalt surface layer on compaction site - Google Patents
Method for measuring thickness and dielectric constant of asphalt surface layer on compaction site Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the thickness and dielectric constant of an asphalt surface layer on a compaction site, which comprises the following steps: s1: a long-distance transceiving antenna is arranged above the asphalt surface layer, and a short-distance transceiving antenna is arranged on a connecting line between the long-distance transceiving antennas; a reflecting plate is also arranged; s2: acquiring the time from the far and near distance transmitting antenna to the reflecting plate to the far and near distance receiving antenna; acquiring the time from the far and near distance transmitting antenna to the bottom of the asphalt surface layer to the far and near distance receiving antenna; s3: calculating the difference of the propagation time of the electromagnetic wave between the remote antennas, wherein the propagation time of the electromagnetic wave passes through the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and the reflection plate; calculating the difference of the propagation time of the electromagnetic wave between the short-distance antennas, wherein the propagation time of the electromagnetic wave passes through the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and the reflection plate; s4: calculating the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer. The method can eliminate the water film interference of the asphalt surface layer on the compaction site, measure the accurate propagation time, can continuously obtain the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt pavement without damage, is simple and convenient to operate, and can be quickly implemented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of asphalt pavement detection, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the thickness and dielectric constant of an asphalt surface layer on a compaction site.
Background
The thickness of the asphalt surface layer is the main content of the pavement design, and directly influences the strength and the service life of the pavement. The dielectric constant can reflect the compactness, the void ratio and the segregation condition of the asphalt mixture, and the construction quality of the asphalt pavement can be effectively controlled by measuring the dielectric constant of the asphalt mixture and the thickness of an asphalt surface layer.
At the present stage, the measurement of the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer is mainly performed after pavement paving is completed, and one mode is to detect indexes such as the thickness and the compactness of the pavement through core drilling and sampling, so that the mode can not only damage the pavement, but also belongs to discrete detection, and the whole condition of the pavement cannot be reflected. The other mode is to carry out nondestructive continuity detection on the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer by using a ground penetrating radar and combining the propagation time of electromagnetic waves in the asphalt surface layer with a core drilling sampling mode, but the core drilling cannot be carried out in the compaction process to obtain the thickness of the asphalt layer, and the mode is only suitable for the asphalt pavement under the dry condition. Because the bituminous pavement is bonded with the steel wheel in the rolling process for reducing the bonding of the bituminous mixture, soapy water is generally sprayed on the steel wheel of the road roller, a water film is formed on the pavement layer, the dielectric constant of the water is 81 and is far greater than that of a bituminous mixture composition material, reflected waves on the surface layer of the water film are superposed with reflected waves between the water film and a dry bituminous mixture interface, wave crests of the reflected waves on the surface layer of the water film move forwards, the propagation time of electromagnetic waves on the bituminous layer is longer, and therefore the moisture can greatly influence the calculation of the dielectric constant of the bituminous mixture, the method cannot accurately detect the thickness and the dielectric constant of the bituminous pavement under the condition that the surface layer contains water in the compacting process, the detection result has larger deviation with the actual value, and the anisotropic characteristic of the bituminous.
In addition, in the prior art, the dielectric constant can be calculated by a metal plate amplitude reflection method, so that the thickness of the asphalt layer can be obtained. The metal plate amplitude reflection method is characterized in that a metal plate is arranged on an asphalt pavement firstly, the amplitude of total reflection waves obtained by antenna electromagnetic waves reflected by the metal plate is collected, then the amplitude of reflected waves obtained by antenna electromagnetic waves reflected by the surface of an asphalt layer is collected, and the dielectric constant of the asphalt pavement and the thickness of the asphalt layer containing water on the surface are calculated by adopting the following formula (1):
wherein c is electromagnetic wave in vacuumThe propagation speed is the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture of the surface hydrous asphalt layer, h is the thickness of the surface hydrous asphalt layer, delta t is the propagation time difference of the electromagnetic wave of the antenna in the air and the surface hydrous asphalt layer, A0For the reflection amplitude of the antenna electromagnetic wave on the asphalt layer surface, ApThe amplitude of the electromagnetic wave of the antenna is reflected on the surface of the metal plate. However, the method is also only suitable for dry asphalt pavement, since the surface of the asphalt pavement contains water and the amplitude A is large in the compaction site0And the measurement of the time difference delta t can be obviously interfered by a water film, so that the calculated dielectric constant and the thickness value of the asphalt surface layer have larger deviation from the actual value.
In order to solve the problem, it is common practice in the prior art to approach the real dielectric constant by performing post correction on the reflected waveform, however, these methods do not eliminate the cause of measurement deviation (i.e. water film interference on the surface of the asphalt surface layer), but perform correction through experience, and the obtained dielectric constant is often not high in accuracy and not stable, and the algorithm is complex, so that the effect in practical application is not ideal.
In summary, the method for measuring the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer in the prior art is difficult to detect the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer in a compaction site, has large error, and is not favorable for controlling the compaction quality of the pavement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for measuring the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer of the compaction site, which can eliminate the interference of a water film and measure the accurate electromagnetic wave propagation time under the condition that the surface of the asphalt surface layer of the compaction site contains water, can nondestructively and continuously obtain the dielectric constant, the compaction thickness, the compaction degree and the segregation condition of the asphalt surface layer of the compaction site, is simple and convenient to operate, can be quickly implemented, and provides a data base for ensuring the compaction quality of the asphalt surface.
The method for measuring the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer on the compaction site comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a set of distance parameters (d, x)01，x02) A value ofA distance x is arranged above the asphalt surface layer of water02Remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2At said remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2A distance x is set on the connecting line between01Short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1The connecting line is parallel to the asphalt surface layer and the distance between the connecting line and the asphalt surface layer is equal to a preset distance d, and the short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1Is symmetric about the midpoint of the line; and a long-distance transmitting antenna T parallel to the connection line2Short-distance transmitting antenna T1The emitted electromagnetic waves are respectively reflected to a long-distance receiving antenna R2Short-distance receiving antenna R1The distance between the reflecting plate and the connecting line is equal to the preset distance d;
s2: obtaining electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antennas T respectively2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the surface of the reflector plate and reflected to the remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1The propagation time of (c); obtaining electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antennas T respectively2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and reflected to a remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1The propagation time of (c);
s3: calculating electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antenna T2To the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and then to the remote receiving antenna R2With propagation time of the remote transmitting antenna T2To the reflector plate and to the remote receiving antenna R2Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of2(ii) a Calculating electromagnetic wave from short distance transmitting antenna T1To the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and then to the short-distance receiving antenna R1Propagation time of and from the close-range transmitting antenna T1To the reflector plate and then to the short-range receiving antenna R1Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of1；
S4: according to x01、x02、d、Δt1And Δ t2And calculating the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture and the thickness h of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer.
Go toStep (d), the distance parameter (d, x)01，x02) There are multiple preset groups, and after step S4, there are the following steps:
s5: if all sets of distance parameters (d, x)01，x02) Calculating the average value of the sum h after the corresponding dielectric constant and the thickness h of the asphalt surface layer are obtained; if there is a distance parameter (d, x) that does not result in a corresponding dielectric constant and asphalt top coat thickness h01，x02) Then the distance parameter (d, x)01，x02) Substitutes and returns to perform step S1.
The method for measuring the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer on the compaction site comprises at least two antenna groups, wherein each antenna group comprises a near-distance transmitting antenna, a near-distance receiving antenna, a long-distance transmitting antenna and a long-distance receiving antenna, and the method further comprises the following steps:
s1: each antenna group selects a different set of parameters (d, x)01，x02The value of θ); the following settings are respectively carried out for each antenna group: a distance x is arranged above the water-containing asphalt surface course02Remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2At said remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2A distance x is set on the connecting line between01Short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1The connecting line is parallel to the asphalt surface layer and the distance between the connecting line and the asphalt surface layer is equal to a preset distance d, and the short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1Is symmetric about the midpoint of the line; and a long-distance transmitting antenna T parallel to the connection line2Short-distance transmitting antenna T1The emitted electromagnetic waves are respectively reflected to a long-distance receiving antenna R2Short-distance receiving antenna R1The distance between the reflecting plate and the connecting line is equal to the preset distance d;
the middle point of the connecting line of each antenna group is on the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of the first antenna group, and the parameter theta of the antenna group is the angle rotated when the projection of the connecting line of the first antenna group on the plane which takes the perpendicular bisector as the normal is rotated to be overlapped with the projection of the connecting line of the antenna group on the plane;
s2: for each antenna group: obtaining electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antennas T respectively2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the surface of the reflector plate and reflected to the remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1The propagation time of (c); obtaining electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antennas T respectively2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and reflected to a remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1The propagation time of (c);
s3: for each antenna group: calculating electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antenna T2To the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and then to the remote receiving antenna R2With propagation time of the remote transmitting antenna T2To the reflector plate and to the remote receiving antenna R2Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of2(ii) a Calculating electromagnetic wave from short distance transmitting antenna T1To the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and then to the short-distance receiving antenna R1Propagation time of and from the close-range transmitting antenna T1To the reflector plate and then to the short-range receiving antenna R1Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of1；
S4: for each antenna group: according to x01、x02、d、Δt1And Δ t2Calculating the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture and the thickness h of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer;
s5: and respectively calculating the average value of the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture and the thickness h of the surface layer of the surface water-containing asphalt according to the result obtained by each antenna group.
Further, the antenna group has n, k-th antenna groups
Wherein N, k belongs to N and N is more than or equal to k.
Further, the formula for calculating the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture and the thickness h of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer is as follows:
where c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum, x01For short distance, x, between transmitting and receiving antennas02For the distance between the remote transmitting and receiving antennas, t1For the time, t, of propagation of electromagnetic waves of a short-range antenna in the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer2For a long distance of the time of the electromagnetic wave propagation of the antenna in the surface hydrous asphalt surface layer, d is the distance between the antenna and the surface hydrous asphalt surface layer, x1Is the horizontal distance, x, of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance antenna when passing through the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer2For the horizontal distance, deltat, of the electromagnetic waves of the remote antenna when they pass through the surface layer of water-containing bitumen1Delta t is the difference in propagation time of electromagnetic waves of a short-range antenna in air and a surface water-containing asphalt surface layer2The propagation time difference of the electromagnetic wave of the remote antenna in the air and the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer is the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer, and h is the thickness of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. aiming at the measurement of dielectric constant and asphalt surface layer thickness of a compaction site, the invention obtains the propagation time t by arranging the reflecting plate on the basis of a common midpoint method21And t11Interference of a water film on electromagnetic waves reflected by the surface of the water-containing asphalt surface layer is avoided skillfully, so that the calculation of the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer is more accurate, and the construction quality of the asphalt pavement can be further effectively controlled;
2. according to the method, multiple groups of distance parameters are set for multiple measurements and the average value is obtained, so that errors possibly caused by single measurement and calculation can be further reduced, the calculation result is more stable, and the actual dielectric constant, the compaction degree, the void ratio and the segregation condition of a compaction site can be more accurately reflected;
3. the invention also sets a plurality of antenna groups to simultaneously measure and take an average value, thereby not only fully eliminating the influence of anisotropy on the measurement result, but also simultaneously measuring a plurality of groups of dielectric constants and data of the thickness h of the asphalt surface layer, further reducing the time for measuring at the same position and facilitating the continuous detection of the data on the asphalt pavement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows electromagnetic waves respectively transmitted from remote transmitting antennas T2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the surface of the reflector plate and reflected to the remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1Schematic diagram of (a);
FIG. 2 shows electromagnetic waves respectively transmitted from remote transmitting antennas T2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and reflected to a remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1Schematic diagram of the principle of (1).
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with reference to the specific drawings.
The method for measuring the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer on the compaction site specifically comprises the following steps as shown in figures 1-2:
s1: selecting a set of distance parameters (d, x)01，x02) A value of (a) is set above the water-laden asphalt surface course by a distance x02Remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2At said remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2A distance x is set on the connecting line between01Short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1The connecting line is parallel to the asphalt surface layer and the distance between the connecting line and the asphalt surface layer is equal to a preset distance d, and the short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1Is symmetric about the midpoint of the line; and a long-distance transmitting antenna T parallel to the connection line2Short-distance transmitting antenna T1The emitted electromagnetic waves are respectively reflected to a long-distance receiving antenna R2Short-distance receiving antenna R1The distance between the reflecting plate and the connecting line is equal to the preset distance d;
s2: acquiring electromagnetic waves fromLong-distance transmitting antenna T2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the surface of the reflector plate and reflected to the remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1Propagation time t of21And t11(ii) a Obtaining electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antennas T respectively2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and reflected to a remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1Propagation time t of22+t2And t12+t1(where t is22、t12The propagation time t of the long-distance and short-distance electromagnetic waves in the air2、t1The time of the long-distance electromagnetic wave and the short-distance electromagnetic wave propagating in the asphalt surface layer respectively);
s3: calculating electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antenna T2To the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and then to the remote receiving antenna R2With propagation time of the remote transmitting antenna T2To the reflector plate and to the remote receiving antenna R2Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of2(Δt2＝t22+t2-t21) (ii) a Calculating electromagnetic wave from short distance transmitting antenna T1To the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and then to the short-distance receiving antenna R1Propagation time of and from the close-range transmitting antenna T1To the reflector plate and then to the short-range receiving antenna R1Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of1(Δt1＝t12+t1-t11)；
S4: according to x01、x02、d、Δt1And Δ t2And calculating the thickness h of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer and the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
where c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum, x01For short distance, x, between transmitting and receiving antennas02For the distance between the remote transmitting and receiving antennas, t1For the time of electromagnetic wave propagation in the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer of the short-distance antenna，t2For a long distance of the time of the electromagnetic wave propagation of the antenna in the surface hydrous asphalt surface layer, d is the distance between the antenna and the surface hydrous asphalt surface layer, x1Is the horizontal distance, x, of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance antenna when passing through the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer2For the horizontal distance, deltat, of the electromagnetic waves of the remote antenna when they pass through the surface layer of water-containing bitumen1Delta t is the difference in propagation time of electromagnetic waves of a short-range antenna in air and a surface water-containing asphalt surface layer2The propagation time difference of the electromagnetic wave of the remote antenna in the air and the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer is the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer, and h is the thickness of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer.
The near/far distance receiving and transmitting antenna is a near/far distance transmitting antenna and a near/far distance receiving antenna; the near/far antenna electromagnetic wave refers to an electromagnetic wave transmitted from a near/far transmission antenna to a near/far reception antenna for reception. Due to c and x in the formula (2)01、x02、d、Δt1And Δ t2Equal to a known amount, t1、t2、x1、x2And h is an unknown quantity, and t can be obtained by calculating the first four formulas of the formula (2)1、t2、x1、x2And then substituting the values into the fifth and sixth formulas to obtain the values of the dielectric constant and the thickness h of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer. The calculation principle of the formula (2) is basically the same as that of the common midpoint method, and the specific derivation process is not described in detail here.
The connecting line refers to a connecting line segment between the remote transmitting antenna and the remote receiving antenna. The reflecting plate may be a metal plate, and may be disposed on the asphalt surface layer or at other positions as long as the distance between the reflecting plate and the connecting line is equal to the distance between the asphalt surface layer and the connecting line (i.e., the preset distance).
Because the method in the prior art is only suitable for dry asphalt pavement regardless of calculating the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer with water on the surface by measuring the propagation time or the amplitude, the measurement result is inaccurate due to the influence of a water film, and the calculation of the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer is influenced. First, because the principle of the common midpoint method is quite different from that of the metal plate amplitude reflection method, one is to calculate the dielectric constant by measuring the propagation time, the other is to calculate by measuring the amplitude, and both are interfered by the water film, so that the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer cannot be accurately measured. Secondly, the existing common midpoint method does not need a reflecting plate when measuring the propagation time of the reflected wave on the surface of the asphalt surface layer, because the common midpoint method is used in a dry environment, and can already measure more accurate values of the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer under the condition of no interference of a water film. Thirdly, as can be seen from the background art and the following examples, the amplitude reflection method of the metal plate is interfered by the water film because the amplitude reflected by the surface of the hydrous asphalt layer and the propagation time measured by the antenna electromagnetic wave reflected by the surface of the hydrous asphalt layer are interfered by the water film, the obtained dielectric constant and asphalt layer thickness data have great deviation from the true value and cannot be applied to the compaction field at all, and the metal plate only has the function of measuring the amplitude of the total reflection wave in the method and cannot be used for measuring the amplitude of the reflection wave on the surface of the asphalt layer, so that great deviation is necessarily generated due to the influence of the water film; the reflecting plate is just used for measuring the propagation time of the reflection wave on the surface of the asphalt surface layer in the scheme, so that the effect of the reflecting plate in the scheme is completely different from that of a metal plate in the prior art.
Aiming at the measurement of the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer on a compaction site, the scheme obtains the propagation time t by arranging the reflecting plate on the basis of a common midpoint method21And t11The interference of the water film on the electromagnetic wave reflected by the surface of the water-containing asphalt surface layer is avoided skillfully, so that the calculation of the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer is more accurate, and the construction quality of the asphalt pavement can be further effectively controlled.
As a further optimized solution, the distance parameters (d, x)01，x02) There are multiple preset groups, and after step S4, there are the following steps:
s5: if all sets of distance parameters (d, x)01，x02) Both have obtained corresponding dielectric constant and asphalt surface layer thicknessh, calculating the average value of the sum h; if there is a distance parameter (d, x) that does not result in a corresponding dielectric constant and asphalt top coat thickness h01，x02) Then the distance parameter (d, x)01，x02) Substitutes and returns to perform step S1.
The average may be an arithmetic average or a weighted average. The average value of the sum h is obtained through calculation of a plurality of groups of distance parameters, so that errors possibly caused by single measurement and calculation can be further reduced, the calculation result is more stable, and the actual dielectric constant, the compaction degree, the void ratio and the segregation condition of a compaction site can be more accurately reflected.
In addition, if the long-distance transceiving antenna and the short-distance transceiving antenna are regarded as one antenna group (first antenna group), another antenna group (second antenna group) parallel to the asphalt pavement can be further arranged, the second antenna group is not overlapped with the first antenna group, the middle point of a connecting line between the long-distance transceiving antennas in the second antenna group is on the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of the first antenna group, and the distance parameter (d, x) of the second antenna group is01，x02) Not identical to the first antenna set. The antennas of a single antenna group can be mounted on the same supporting structure, and two or even more antenna groups can be connected into a whole through a mounting structure.
As an optimization, in order to eliminate the influence of anisotropy on the measurement result, the perpendicular bisector of the connection line of the first antenna group is taken as the rotation axis, and the plurality of antenna groups are connected with each other in the circumferential direction of the rotation axis by using a rotation angle parameter θ which is not identical with respect to the connection line of the first antenna group in addition to the distance parameter (θ of the first antenna group is set to 0 °). The θ parameter of each antenna group refers to an angle that the connection projection of the first antenna group rotates to coincide with the connection projection of each antenna group respectively along the same direction (both clockwise and counterclockwise) when the connection projection of each antenna group is projected onto a plane normal to the perpendicular bisector. That is to say, the positions of the antenna groups are determined by 4 parameters, their mutual parameters (d, x)01，x02And θ) are not identical. The values of the dielectric constant and the thickness of the asphalt surface layer measured by different antenna groups can be averagedThe way of the values gives the final result. Particularly, if there are only two antenna groups, θ of the second antenna group may be 90 °, that is, the two antenna groups are symmetric with respect to the middle point of the connecting line by rotating 90 °; in a broad sense, if there are n antenna groups, then the k-th antenna group can be set
(where N, k ∈ N ≧ k), i.e., the projection is rotationally symmetric about the perpendicular bisector; for example, if there are 3 antenna groups, the 2 nd antenna group θ is 60 °, and the 3 rd antenna group θ is 120 °.
In this way, on the one hand, the influence of the anisotropy on the measurement result can be substantially eliminated; on the other hand, by arranging the plurality of antenna groups, a plurality of groups of data of dielectric constants and the thickness h of the asphalt surface layer can be measured simultaneously, so that the time for measuring at the same position is reduced, and the data can be continuously detected on the asphalt pavement conveniently.
With regard to the comparison of the various processes, specific examples are now listed as follows:
example 1:
for antenna group, setting center distance x of close-range antenna0140cm, the center distance x of the remote antenna02120cm, the close-range antenna and the long-range antenna are on the same horizontal line and have a common midpoint, and the distance d between each antenna and the surface of the hydrous asphalt layer is 30 cm.
6cm group: the actual height of the asphalt layer was 6cm, and the dielectric constant was 6.111.
1) Method of the present application (with metal plate): the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance transceiving antenna from the transmitting antenna to the surface of the metal plate and reflected to the receiving antenna is obtained through an antenna host (a computer connected with the antenna can be used for detecting the time of the electromagnetic wave and calculating data, the same applies below)112.8648ns, the two-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance transceiving antenna from the transmitting antenna to the bottom of the surface hydrous asphalt layer and reflected to the receiving antenna1+t123.8464ns, the difference of the two propagation times Deltat10.9816 ns; the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the long-distance transceiving antenna from the transmitting antenna to the surface of the metal plate and reflected to the receiving antenna214.9366ns, electromagnetic wave of long-distance transmitting-receiving antenna is transmitted from transmitting antenna to surfaceTwo-pass time t of bottom of water-containing asphalt layer and reflecting to receiving antenna2+t225.8758ns, the difference of the two propagation times Deltat20.9392 ns. The thickness h of the surface hydrous asphalt layer can be obtained by the formula (2)t6.05cm, dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixturetIs 6.212.
2) Common midpoint method (no metal plate): obtaining the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance receiving and transmitting antenna from the transmitting antenna to the top of the surface water-containing asphalt layer and reflected to the receiving antenna through the antenna host112.8600ns, the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance receiving and transmitting antenna from the transmitting antenna to the bottom of the surface layer hydrous asphalt layer and reflected to the receiving antenna1+t123.8464ns, the difference of the two propagation times Deltat10.9864 ns; the electromagnetic wave of the long-distance receiving and transmitting antenna reaches the top of the surface layer asphalt layer from the transmitting antenna and is reflected to the double-pass time t of the receiving antenna214.9366ns, the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the long-distance transceiving antenna from the transmitting antenna to the bottom of the surface layer hydrous asphalt layer and reflected to the receiving antenna2+t225.8758ns, the difference of the two propagation times Deltat20.9392 ns. The thickness h of the surface layer water-containing asphalt layer can be calculatedt6.39cm, dielectric constant of lower dry asphalt mixturetIs 5.6544.
3) Metal plate amplitude reflection method: the calculated dielectric constant was 6.816, and the calculated thickness was 14.2 cm.
It can be seen from example 1 that the relative deviations of the thickness and dielectric constant of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer from the true values are only 0.83% and 1.65% in the method of the present application, while the relative deviations of the common midpoint method and the metal plate amplitude reflection method as comparison are respectively 6.5%, -7.47%, 136.67% and 11.54%.
Example 2:
for antenna group, setting center distance x of close-range antenna0140cm, the center distance x of the remote antenna02120cm, the short-distance antenna and the long-distance antenna are on the same horizontal line and have the same structureThe distance d between each antenna and the surface of the hydrous asphalt layer at the midpoint was 30 cm.
8cm group: the actual height of the asphalt layer was 8cm, and the dielectric constant was 6.111.
1) Method of the present application (with metal plate): obtaining the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance receiving and transmitting antenna from the transmitting antenna to the surface of the metal plate and reflected to the receiving antenna through the antenna host112.8648ns, the two-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance transceiving antenna from the transmitting antenna to the bottom of the surface hydrous asphalt layer and reflected to the receiving antenna1+t124.1721ns, the difference of the two propagation times Deltat11.3073 ns; the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the long-distance transceiving antenna from the transmitting antenna to the surface of the metal plate and reflected to the receiving antenna214.9366ns, the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the long-distance transceiving antenna from the transmitting antenna to the bottom of the surface hydrous asphalt layer and reflected to the receiving antenna2+t226.1873ns, the difference of the two propagation times Deltat21.2507 ns. The thickness h of the surface hydrous asphalt layer can be obtained by the formula (2)t8.05cm, dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixturetIs 6.222.
2) Common midpoint method (no metal plate): obtaining the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance receiving and transmitting antenna from the transmitting antenna to the top of the surface water-containing asphalt layer and reflected to the receiving antenna through the antenna host112.8600ns, the two-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance transceiving antenna from the transmitting antenna to the bottom of the surface hydrous asphalt layer and reflected to the receiving antenna1+t124.1721ns, the difference of the two propagation times Deltat11.3121 ns; the electromagnetic wave of the long-distance receiving and transmitting antenna reaches the top of the asphalt layer containing water on the surface from the transmitting antenna and is reflected to the double-pass time t of the receiving antenna214.9366ns, the double-pass time t of the electromagnetic wave of the long-distance transceiving antenna from the transmitting antenna to the bottom of the surface hydrous asphalt layer and reflected to the receiving antenna2+t226.1873ns, the difference of the two propagation times Deltat21.2507 ns. The thickness h of the surface water-containing asphalt layer can be calculatedt8.39cm, dielectric constant of dry asphalt mixturetWas 5.794.
3) Metal plate amplitude reflection method: the calculated dielectric constant was 6.816, and the calculated thickness was 16.1 cm.
It can be seen from example 2 that the relative deviations of the thickness and dielectric constant of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer from the true values are only 0.63% and 1.81% in the method of the present application, while the relative deviations of the common midpoint method and the metal plate amplitude reflection method as comparison are respectively 4.87%, -5.19%, 101.25% and 11.54%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and all technical solutions belonging to the principle of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for measuring the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer on the compaction site is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a set of distance parameters (d, x)01，x02) A value of (a) is set above the water-laden asphalt surface course by a distance x02Remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2At said remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2A distance x is set on the connecting line between01Short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1The connecting line is parallel to the asphalt surface layer and the distance between the connecting line and the asphalt surface layer is equal to a preset distance d, and the short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1Is symmetric about the midpoint of the line; and a long-distance transmitting antenna T parallel to the connection line2Short-distance transmitting antenna T1The emitted electromagnetic waves are respectively reflected to a long-distance receiving antenna R2Short-distance receiving antenna R1The distance between the reflecting plate and the connecting line is equal to the preset distance d;
s2: acquisition of electromagnetic wavesRespectively from remote transmitting antennas T2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the surface of the reflector plate and reflected to the remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1The propagation time of (c); obtaining electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antennas T respectively2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and reflected to a remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1The propagation time of (c);
s3: calculating electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antenna T2To the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and then to the remote receiving antenna R2With propagation time of the remote transmitting antenna T2To the reflector plate and to the remote receiving antenna R2Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of2(ii) a Calculating electromagnetic wave from short distance transmitting antenna T1To the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and then to the short-distance receiving antenna R1Propagation time of and from the close-range transmitting antenna T1To the reflector plate and then to the short-range receiving antenna R1Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of1；
S4: according to x01、x02、d、Δt1And Δ t2And calculating the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture and the thickness h of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer.
2. The method of claim 1 for measuring the thickness and dielectric constant of an asphalt pavement on a compacted site, comprising the steps of: the distance parameter (d, x)01，x02) There are multiple preset groups, and after step S4, there are the following steps:
s5: if all sets of distance parameters (d, x)01，x02) Calculating the average value of the sum h after the corresponding dielectric constant and the thickness h of the asphalt surface layer are obtained; if there is a distance parameter (d, x) that does not result in a corresponding dielectric constant and asphalt top coat thickness h01，x02) Then the distance parameter (d, x)01，x02) Substitutes and returns to perform step S1.
3. The method for measuring the thickness and the dielectric constant of the asphalt surface layer on the compaction site is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the antenna comprises at least two antenna groups, wherein each antenna group comprises a near-distance transmitting antenna, a near-distance receiving antenna, a far-distance transmitting antenna and a far-distance receiving antenna, and the antenna further comprises the following steps:
s1: each antenna group selects a different set of parameters (d, x)01，x02The value of θ); the following settings are respectively carried out for each antenna group: a distance x is arranged above the water-containing asphalt surface course02Remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2At said remote transmitting antenna T2And a remote receiving antenna R2A distance x is set on the connecting line between01Short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1The connecting line is parallel to the asphalt surface layer and the distance between the connecting line and the asphalt surface layer is equal to a preset distance d, and the short-distance transmitting antenna T1And a short-range receiving antenna R1Is symmetric about the midpoint of the line; and a long-distance transmitting antenna T parallel to the connection line2Short-distance transmitting antenna T1The emitted electromagnetic waves are respectively reflected to a long-distance receiving antenna R2Short-distance receiving antenna R1The distance between the reflecting plate and the connecting line is equal to the preset distance d;
the middle point of the connecting line of each antenna group is on the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of the first antenna group, and the parameter theta of the antenna group is the angle rotated when the projection of the connecting line of the first antenna group on the plane which takes the perpendicular bisector as the normal is rotated to be overlapped with the projection of the connecting line of the antenna group on the plane;
s2: for each antenna group: obtaining electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antennas T respectively2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the surface of the reflector plate and reflected to the remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1The propagation time of (c); obtaining electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antennas T respectively2And a short-range transmitting antenna T1Transmitted to the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and reflected to a remote receiving antenna R2And a short-range receiving antenna R1The propagation time of (c);
s3: for each antenna group: calculating electromagnetic waves from remote transmitting antenna T2To the bottom of the asphalt surface layerRemote receiving antenna R2With propagation time of the remote transmitting antenna T2To the reflector plate and to the remote receiving antenna R2Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of2(ii) a Calculating electromagnetic wave from short distance transmitting antenna T1To the bottom of the asphalt surface layer and then to the short-distance receiving antenna R1Propagation time of and from the close-range transmitting antenna T1To the reflector plate and then to the short-range receiving antenna R1Is a difference Δ t between the propagation times of1；
S4: for each antenna group: according to x01、x02、d、Δt1And Δ t2Calculating the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture and the thickness h of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer;
s5: and respectively calculating the average value of the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture and the thickness h of the surface layer of the surface water-containing asphalt according to the result obtained by each antenna group.
4. The method of claim 3 for measuring the thickness and dielectric constant of an asphalt pavement on a compacted field, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the antenna group has n, k-th antenna groups
Wherein N, k belongs to N and N is more than or equal to k.
5. The method of measuring the thickness and dielectric constant of an asphalt pavement on a compacted site as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
the formula for calculating the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture and the thickness h of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer is as follows:
where c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum, x01For short distance, x, between transmitting and receiving antennas02For the distance between the remote transmitting and receiving antennas, t1For transmission of short-range antenna electromagnetic waves in said surface water-containing asphalt surface layerTime of broadcast, t2For a long distance of the time of the electromagnetic wave propagation of the antenna in the surface hydrous asphalt surface layer, d is the distance between the antenna and the surface hydrous asphalt surface layer, x1Is the horizontal distance, x, of the electromagnetic wave of the short-distance antenna when passing through the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer2For the horizontal distance, deltat, of the electromagnetic waves of the remote antenna when they pass through the surface layer of water-containing bitumen1Delta t is the difference in propagation time of electromagnetic waves of a short-range antenna in air and a surface water-containing asphalt surface layer2The propagation time difference of the electromagnetic wave of the remote antenna in the air and the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer is the dielectric constant of the dry asphalt mixture of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer, and h is the thickness of the surface water-containing asphalt surface layer.
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