CN109682948B - Simulation experiment device and simulation experiment method for improving red soil by using biochar - Google Patents
Simulation experiment device and simulation experiment method for improving red soil by using biochar Download PDFInfo
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- CN109682948B CN109682948B CN201910085367.0A CN201910085367A CN109682948B CN 109682948 B CN109682948 B CN 109682948B CN 201910085367 A CN201910085367 A CN 201910085367A CN 109682948 B CN109682948 B CN 109682948B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 13
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyran Chemical compound C1OC=CC=C1 MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 includes support Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a simulation experiment device for improving red soil by using biochar and an experiment method thereof, wherein the simulation experiment device comprises a bracket, a water supply device, a column casing and a groundwater water level simulation mechanism, the column casing comprises an upper column casing, a middle column casing and a lower column casing, the middle column casing comprises a silica gel cylinder body, a flange, a plurality of springs, a filling cylinder body and an automatic telescopic mechanism, the silica gel cylinder body can be freely wound on a circular ring so as to change the length of the silica gel cylinder body, the upper end of the silica gel cylinder body is fixed with an upper flange under the action of spring force through an upper fixing ring, and the automatic telescopic mechanism is fixed on the flange. The experimental device can complete experiments of capillary water rising, simulating soil moisture content and conductivity migration under evaporation conditions, controlling soil moisture content and conductivity migration under groundwater level change conditions, and the like, and can realize dynamic observation of water and conductivity migration states in red soil and biomass charcoal, find out a composite mode which is most suitable for crop growth, and has accurate results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation experiment device and a simulation experiment method for biological carbon modified red soil, and belongs to farmland ecological environment experiment devices.
Background
The biochar is produced by high-temperature decomposition of agricultural wastes such as waste wood chips and straws, household garbage and the like under the anoxic condition, and the main components of the biochar are a mixture of complex organic carbon components such as cellulose, carboxyl, acid and acid derivatives, furan, pyran and anhydrosugar, phenol, alkane, olefinic hydrocarbon derivatives and the like. The waste such as straw is converted into biomass charcoal to be applied to the soil, so that not only can combustion release be avoided, but also the storage of the soil carbon can be improved, and further the emission reduction is realized. In addition, it has the functions of improving soil quality, maintaining soil fertility, etc. The biomass charcoal is applied to the water body and has good capability of absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus substances in the water body; the biomass charcoal can be applied to soil, can change the physicochemical property of the soil, can increase the content of organic matters in the soil, can increase the storage time of carbon in the soil, can increase the pH value, the conductivity, the salt-based saturation and the like of the soil, can strongly adsorb organic pollutants in an environmental medium, reduces the environmental risk, can delay the release of fertilizer nutrients, can increase the adsorption and exchange of the soil nutrients, can reduce the loss of soil nutrients and the eutrophication of a water body environment, and can be used for solving the problems of the prior art. Red soil is produced under the vegetation of tropical and subtropical rain forests, quaternary rain forests or evergreen broadleaf forests, and is red acidic and highly unsaturated salt-based iron bauxite developed by desilication and aluminum enrichment processes and biological enrichment. However, due to the weaknesses of acid, thin, sticky and the like on the property of the red soil, the precipitation space-time distribution in the red soil distribution area is uneven, and the ecological environment in the red soil area is deteriorated due to water and soil loss, soil degradation, soil pollution and the like caused by unreasonable development and utilization, so that the potential production capacity of the red soil resources cannot be exerted. Therefore, biomass charcoal is added into red soil, and the change of the biomass charcoal to the red soil is studied. Research on red soil by biomass charcoal requires a soil column to conduct research. In the existing earth pillar research, the following problems exist: the height of the soil column cannot be changed, the soil column needs to be replaced for many times in the research process, so that the influence of different filling heights on experimental results is conveniently researched, the experimental time is long, the experimental results are poor in repeatability, and the deviation is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simulation experiment device and an experiment method for improving red soil by using biochar, which solve the problems of long experiment time, poor repeatability of experiment results, large deviation and the like caused by the fact that the length of an existing experiment soil column cannot be freely changed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a simulation experiment device of biological charcoal improvement red soil, includes support, water supply installation, a post section of thick bamboo and groundwater water level simulation mechanism, water supply installation, post section of thick bamboo and groundwater water level simulation mechanism fix on the support, the post section of thick bamboo include post section of thick bamboo, well post section of thick bamboo and lower post section of thick bamboo, last post section of thick bamboo, well post section of thick bamboo and lower post section of thick bamboo between link together through the flange, last post section of thick bamboo and lower post section of thick bamboo be transparent organic glass section of thick bamboo, well post section of thick bamboo include silica gel barrel, flange, a plurality of springs, fill barrel and automatic telescopic machanism, fill the barrel and fix on the lower flange when the main part is filled, the lower extreme of silica gel barrel fix together with the lower flange through fixing under the spring lower fixed ring, the upper end of silica gel barrel be in the same place with last flange under the effect of spring force, the silica gel barrel can be free on the ring, and then change the length of silica gel barrel, automatic telescopic machanism fix respectively on last and lower flange, well flange setting up soil moisture sensor installation mouth and soil moisture sensor. Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows: the water supply device comprises a water supply Margaret bottle, an atmosphere communicating pipe and a water pipe, wherein one end of the atmosphere communicating pipe is immersed in liquid water in the Margaret bottle, the other end of the atmosphere communicating pipe extends out of the Margaret bottle and is exposed to air, one end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the upper column casing, and the other end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the Margaret bottle.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows: the underground water level simulation mechanism comprises an underground water level Margaret bottle, an atmosphere communicating pipe and a water pipe, wherein one end of the atmosphere communicating pipe is immersed in liquid water of the Margaret bottle, the other end of the atmosphere communicating pipe extends out of the Margaret bottle and is exposed to air, one end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the lower column casing, and the other end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the Margaret bottle.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows: the bottom of the upper column casing and the middle column casing are provided with protection nets.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows: the lower column casing is provided with a vent hole.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows: the measuring device also comprises a cylinder, a hydraulic rod and a pressure plate, wherein the cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder are fixed on the bracket, the pressure plate is fixed on the hydraulic rod, and the diameter of the pressure plate is consistent with the inner diameter of the column casing.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows: the measuring device also comprises an evaporation simulator, wherein the evaporation simulator is an infrared lamp or an incandescent lamp which is suspended above the port of the upper column casing.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows: the automatic telescopic mechanism is an electric hydraulic rod.
The experimental method for improving red soil by using biochar adopts the simulation experimental device provided by the invention, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Collecting a soil sample: collecting a red soil sample, and adding biochar into a part of the red soil sample according to a proportion for standby;
(2) Filling the soil column: firstly, filling a lower column casing, and filling sand gravel and quartz sand with different particle sizes; setting the silica gel cylinder body of the middle column casing at the highest height, and then filling red soil; then filling a column casing, filling red soil and biochar mixed medium, and compacting the column casing according to a certain volume weight through a pressure plate;
(3) The filled column casing is fixed on a bracket, and then a water supply device, a groundwater level simulation mechanism, an evaporation simulator and the like are installed, and a pipeline is connected;
(4) Mounting a soil moisture content sensor and a soil conductivity sensor on a column casing, and then starting an experiment;
(5) Firstly, carrying out infiltration experiments on the soil column, then carrying out evaporation experiments, and observing improvement of the biochar on red soil;
(6) After the soil column height experiment is finished, the upper soil column is detached and removed, then the automatic telescopic mechanism contracts, and simultaneously the automatic telescopic mechanism rolls through the circular ring, so that the silica gel cylinder body is wound on the circular ring, when the silica gel cylinder body reaches a set height, the automatic telescopic mechanism stops, the silica gel cylinder body is fixed, redundant filling soil is removed, and then the upper column casing is installed, so that experiments of different red soil heights are performed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the simulation experiment device provided by the invention adopts the silica gel cylinder body capable of being wound to be matched with the automatic telescopic structure, and the filling height of red soil is freely changed under the drive of the free telescopic mechanism, so that one-time column filling is realized, experiments with different heights can be completed, the experiment is simple, the repeatability is good, and the result deviation is small.
The experimental device can complete experiments of capillary water rising, simulating soil moisture content and conductivity migration under evaporation conditions, controlling soil moisture content and conductivity migration under groundwater level change conditions, and the like, and can realize dynamic observation of soil moisture content and conductivity migration states in red soil and biomass charcoal, find out a composite mode which is most suitable for crop growth, and has accurate results.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the middle column of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear elevational view of the middle barrel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the packing cylinder structure of the middle column casing of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a bracket, 2 is a lower column casing, 3 is a middle column casing, 4 is an upper column casing, 5 is a water pipe, 6 is a water supply Margaret bottle, 7 is an atmosphere communicating pipe, 8 is a cylinder, 9 is a hydraulic rod, 10 is a pressure plate, 11 is an evaporation simulator, 12 is a protection net, 13 is an underground water level Margaret bottle, 14 is a vent hole, 15 is a lower flange, 16 is a lower fixing ring, 17 is a silica gel cylinder, 18 is an electric hydraulic rod, 19 is a soil moisture sensor mounting hole, 20 is a circular ring, 21 is an upper fixing ring, 22 is a sealing gasket, 23 is an upper flange, 24 is a spring, 25 is a sampling hole, 26 is a soil conductivity sensor mounting hole, and 27 is a filling cylinder.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in figures 1-4, the simulation experiment device for the biological carbon modified red soil comprises a bracket 1, a water supply device, a column casing and a groundwater level simulation mechanism, wherein the water supply device, the column casing and the groundwater level simulation mechanism are fixed on the bracket 1.
The water supply device comprises a water supply Marshall bottle 6, an atmosphere communicating pipe 7 and a water pipe 5, wherein one end of the atmosphere communicating pipe 7 is immersed in liquid water in the Marshall bottle, the other end of the atmosphere communicating pipe extends out of the Marshall bottle and is exposed to air, one end of the water pipe 5 is communicated with the bottom of the upper column casing 4, and the other end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the Marshall bottle.
The column casing comprises an upper column casing 4, a middle column casing 3 and a lower column casing 2, wherein the upper column casing 4, the middle column casing 3 and the lower column casing 2 are connected together through flanges, and the upper column casing 4 and the lower column casing 2 are transparent organic glass casings.
The middle column casing 3 comprises a silica gel cylinder 17, a flange, a plurality of springs 24, a filling cylinder 25 and an automatic telescopic mechanism, wherein the filling cylinder 25 is fixed on the lower flange 15 when the silica gel cylinder 17 is filled, the filling cylinder 25 can be tightly sleeved on the outer wall of the silica gel cylinder 17, and when the main body of the silica gel cylinder 17 is filled with filled soil, the filled soil is compacted through the hydraulic rod 9. However, the thickness of the silica gel cylinder 17 is generally 1-5mm, the silica gel cylinder 17 is easy to deform under pressure, the filling cylinder 24 is fixed outside the silica gel cylinder 17, the cylinder deformation in the filling process can be effectively prevented, after filling and compacting of the filling soil, the filling cylinder 24 is removed, and the spring 24 and other components are installed.
The lower extreme of silica gel barrel 17 is together fixed with lower flange 15 through fixing the lower solid fixed ring 16 at the spring 24 lower extreme, and the upper end of silica gel barrel 17 is together fixed with upper flange 23 through last solid fixed ring 21 under the effect of spring 24 elasticity, and silica gel barrel 17 can be free rolling on ring 20, and then changes the length of silica gel barrel 17. The two ends of the automatic telescopic mechanism are respectively fixed on the upper flange 23 and the lower flange 15, and the middle column casing 3 is provided with a soil moisture content sensor mounting opening 19, a soil conductivity sensor mounting opening 26 and a sampling opening 25. The soil moisture content sensor mounting ports 19 and the soil conductivity sensor mounting ports 26 are multiple, the soil moisture content sensor and the soil conductivity sensor are mounted according to actual needs, and the mounting ports without the soil moisture content sensor and the soil conductivity sensor are sealed through the cover.
And a sealing gasket 22 is arranged between the silica gel cylinder body and the upper flange, and the sealing gasket 22 can effectively improve the sealing effect.
The groundwater level simulation mechanism comprises a groundwater level Marshall bottle 13, an atmosphere communicating pipe 7 and a water pipe 5, wherein one end of the atmosphere communicating pipe 7 is immersed in liquid water in the Marshall bottle, the other end of the atmosphere communicating pipe extends outside the Marshall bottle and is exposed to air, one end of the water pipe 5 is communicated with the bottom of the lower column casing 2, and the other end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the Marshall bottle.
The bottom of the upper column casing 4 and the bottom of the middle column casing 3 are provided with a protection net 12, and the protection net 12 can be a plastic net or a nylon net. Because the upper column casing 4 and the middle column casing 3 need to be disassembled and assembled for many times in the experimental process, the arrangement of the protection net can effectively prevent soil filling loss caused by the process of moving the cylinder body, and further the soil column cannot be used continuously. The protection net is fixed at the bottom of the upper column casing 4 and the bottom of the middle column casing 3.
The lower cylinder 2 is provided with a vent 14. After the middle column casing 3 has changed its length or after the column has been filled, there may be air bubbles in the column, which may be removed by connecting a vacuum pump through a vent 14.
The simulation experiment device further comprises a cylinder 8, a hydraulic rod 9 and a pressure plate 10, wherein the cylinder 8 and the hydraulic cylinder are fixed on the bracket 1, the pressure plate 10 is fixed on the hydraulic rod 9, and the diameter of the pressure plate 10 is consistent with the inner diameter of the column casing. In the soil filling process of the soil column, in order to prevent bubbles, the soil filling is required to be compacted, the soil density in the soil column filled manually is nonuniform, the time and the labor are wasted, and the compaction force is uniform, the soil density uniformity is high and the speed is high by adopting the device provided by the invention.
The simulation experiment device of the invention also comprises an evaporation simulator 11, wherein the evaporation simulator 11 is an infrared lamp or an incandescent lamp which is suspended above the port of the upper column casing 4.
The automatic telescopic mechanism is an electric hydraulic rod 18. The automatic telescopic mechanism mainly aims at accurately adjusting the height of the actual soil column, and the height of the soil column can be conveniently and quickly adjusted by adopting the electric hydraulic rod 18.
The experimental method for improving red soil by using biochar adopts the simulation experimental device, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Collecting a soil sample: collecting a red soil sample, and adding biochar into a part of the red soil sample according to a proportion for standby;
(2) Filling the soil column: firstly, filling a lower column casing 2, and filling sand gravel and quartz sand with different particle sizes; the silica gel cylinder 17 of the middle column casing 3 is adjusted to the highest height, and then red soil is filled; finally, filling an upper column casing 4, filling red soil and biochar mixed media, and compacting the column casing filling according to a certain volume weight through a pressing plate 10;
(3) The filled soil column is fixed on a bracket 1, and then a water supply device, a groundwater level simulation mechanism, an evaporation simulator 11 and the like are installed, and pipelines are connected;
(4) Mounting a soil moisture content sensor and a soil conductivity sensor on a column casing, and then starting an experiment;
(5) Firstly, carrying out infiltration experiments on the soil column, then carrying out evaporation experiments, and observing improvement of the biochar on red soil;
(6) After the soil column height experiment is finished, the upper column casing 4 is detached and removed, then the automatic telescopic mechanism contracts, and simultaneously rolls through the circular ring 20, the silica gel cylinder 17 is wound on the circular ring 20, when the silica gel cylinder 17 is wound to a set height, the automatic telescopic mechanism stops, the silica gel cylinder 17 is fixed, excessive filling soil is removed, then the upper column casing 4 is installed, and experiments of different red soil heights are performed.
The experimental device can realize experiments of different red soil thicknesses, can complete experiments of rising capillary water, simulating soil moisture content and conductivity migration under evaporation conditions, controlling soil moisture content and conductivity migration under groundwater level change conditions, and the like, and can realize dynamic observation of soil moisture content and conductivity migration states in red soil and biomass charcoal by using the device, so as to find out a composite mode which is most suitable for crop growth, and has accurate results.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A simulation experiment device for improving red soil by using biochar is characterized in that: the device comprises a bracket, a water supply device, a column casing and a groundwater level simulation mechanism, wherein the water supply device, the column casing and the groundwater level simulation mechanism are fixed on the bracket, the column casing comprises an upper column casing, a middle column casing and a lower column casing, the upper column casing, the middle column casing and the lower column casing are connected together through flanges, the upper column casing and the lower column casing are transparent organic glass casings, the middle column casing comprises a silica gel casing, a flange, a plurality of springs, a filling casing and an automatic telescopic mechanism, the filling casing is fixed on the lower flange when a main body is filled, the lower end of the silica gel casing is fixed with the lower flange through a lower fixing ring fixed at the lower end of the springs, the upper end of the silica gel casing is fixed with the upper flange through the upper fixing ring under the action of spring force, the silica gel casing can be wound on the rings freely, the lengths of the silica gel casing are further changed, the two ends of the automatic telescopic mechanism are respectively fixed on the upper flange and the lower flange, and the middle column casing is provided with a soil moisture sensor mounting port, a soil moisture sensor mounting port and a soil moisture sensor mounting port;
the water supply device comprises a water supply Margaret bottle, an atmosphere communicating pipe and a water pipe, wherein one end of the atmosphere communicating pipe is immersed in liquid water in the Margaret bottle, the other end of the atmosphere communicating pipe extends out of the Margaret bottle and is exposed to air, one end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the upper column casing, and the other end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the Margaret bottle;
the underground water level simulation mechanism comprises an underground water level Margaret bottle, an atmosphere communicating pipe and a water pipe, wherein one end of the atmosphere communicating pipe is immersed in liquid water of the Margaret bottle, the other end of the atmosphere communicating pipe extends out of the Margaret bottle and is exposed to air, one end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the lower column casing, and the other end of the water pipe is communicated with the bottom of the Margaret bottle;
the simulation experiment device also comprises a cylinder, a hydraulic rod and a pressure plate, wherein the cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder are fixed on the bracket, the pressure plate is fixed on the hydraulic rod, and the diameter of the pressure plate is consistent with the inner diameter of the column casing;
the simulation experiment device comprises an evaporation simulator, wherein the evaporation simulator is an infrared lamp or an incandescent lamp which is suspended above a port of the upper column casing.
2. The simulation experiment device for improving red soil by using biochar according to claim 1, wherein the simulation experiment device comprises the following components: the bottom of the upper column casing and the middle column casing are provided with protection nets.
3. The simulation experiment device for improving red soil by using biochar according to claim 1, wherein the simulation experiment device comprises the following components: the lower column casing is provided with a vent hole.
4. The simulation experiment device for improving red soil by using biochar according to claim 1, wherein the simulation experiment device comprises the following components: the automatic telescopic mechanism is an electric hydraulic rod.
5. An experimental method for improving red soil by using biochar, which adopts the simulation experimental device as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Collecting a soil sample: collecting a red soil sample, and adding biochar into a part of the red soil sample according to a proportion for standby;
(2) And (3) filling a column casing: firstly, filling a lower column casing which is set to be 20cm, and filling sand gravel and quartz sand with different particle sizes; setting the silica gel cylinder body of the middle column casing at the highest height, and then filling red soil; then filling a column casing, and filling red soil and biochar mixed medium; the column casing is filled and compacted by a pressure plate according to a certain volume weight;
(3) The filled column casing is fixed on a bracket, and then a water supply device, a groundwater level simulation mechanism and an evaporation simulator are installed and connected with a pipeline;
(4) Mounting a soil moisture content sensor and a soil conductivity sensor on a column casing, and then starting an experiment;
(5) Firstly, carrying out an infiltration experiment on the column casing, then carrying out an evaporation experiment, and observing improvement of the biochar on red soil;
(6) After a height experiment is finished, the upper column casing is detached and removed, then the automatic telescopic mechanism is contracted, and simultaneously the automatic telescopic mechanism rolls through the circular ring, so that the silica gel cylinder body is wound on the circular ring, when the silica gel cylinder body reaches a set height, the automatic telescopic mechanism stops, the silica gel cylinder body is fixed, redundant filling soil is removed, and then the upper column casing is installed, so that experiments with different red soil heights are performed.
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