CN109672872B - Method for generating naked eye 3D (three-dimensional) effect by using single image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for generating a naked eye 3D (three-dimensional) effect by using a single image, which comprises the following steps of firstly, inputting a 2D left view image and a parallax image of a three-dimensional scene; then, constructing a direction controllable pyramid of the left-view image and a Gaussian pyramid of the parallax image; then, calculating a weight coefficient of each sub-band image of the direction controllable pyramid to generate a weighted direction controllable pyramid; then, reconstructing the weighted direction-controllable pyramid to generate a parallax inducer; and finally, generating left and right stereo images by using a parallax inducer respectively, and finally generating a physically fused 2D scene. Compared with the prior art, the invention does not need hardware support, can be realized by a common PC desktop or a smart phone platform, does not lose resolution and brightness, and does not generate fuzzy and ghost phenomena.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for generating a naked eye 3D (three-dimensional) effect by using a single image, belonging to the field of image and visual processing.
Background
With the rapid development of the stereoscopic technology, 3D stereoscopic related terminal products gradually come into the lives of people. Most people are not unfamiliar with 3D televisions and 3D movies, and can feel a vivid three-dimensional effect with spatial depth and suspended outside a screen by wearing a pair of special 3D glasses. People also start to gradually research a naked-eye 3D image generation method, that is, a method of perceiving a 3D stereoscopic effect without wearing 3D glasses by using a parallax characteristic of an objective world observed by human eyes. Currently, naked-eye 3D technology research has attracted more and more researchers, display technology development companies, and research on stereoscopic display technology has been conducted. The invention provides a method for generating a naked eye 3D effect by using a single stereo image.
The existing naked eye 3D display technology can be divided into three categories, namely a light barrier type 3D technology, a lenticular lens 3D technology and a directional backlight 3D technology. The optical barrier type 3D technology is that when a stereoscopic image is displayed, images observed by the left eye and the right eye are respectively displayed on a screen, the right eye and the left eye are respectively and rapidly blocked by an opaque grating, and the display images of the left eye and the right eye are separated, so that a stereoscopic display image can be formed in the brain of an observer. The technology can reduce the resolution and the brightness of the image in the image display process, and is difficult to enjoy the high-definition three-dimensional picture effect. The 3D technology of the cylindrical lens is that a layer of cylindrical lens is added in front of a liquid crystal screen, image pixels are divided into sub-pixel light of left and right eye images through the cylindrical lens, the sub-pixel light respectively enters the left and right eyes after being refracted at different angles, and a 3D stereoscopic image is formed in an ornamental brain. The lenticular 3D technique still suffers from a loss in resolution and the resulting 3D effect image also suffers from a degradation in quality. The directional backlight 3D technology adopts two LED backlight sources which are separated from the left and the right, the two backlight sources are alternately lightened when a 3D image is displayed, the backlight of the left backlight source is reflected when a left eye image is displayed, and the image is converged into the left eye of an observer after refraction; when the right eye image is displayed, the backlight of the right backlight source is reflected and is converged into the right eye in a similar mode to form the right eye image, so that a 3D stereoscopic effect is formed. Lenticular 3D technology does not reduce display resolution and brightness, but the system cost is expensive. The light barrier 3D technology, the lenticular 3D technology, and the directional backlight 3D technology require hardware support and are relatively expensive.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the phenomenon that an observer can generate blur and 'ghost' when watching a stereoscopic scene image without 3D glasses, the invention provides a naked eye 3D effect generation method based on a single image, and the method can still feel a high-quality 3D effect without the phenomenon of blur and 'ghost' and without losing resolution and brightness under the condition that the observer does not wear the 3D glasses.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the invention provides a naked eye 3D effect generation method based on a single image, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, inputting a 2D left view image and a parallax image of a stereo scene;
step 2, constructing a direction-controllable pyramid of the left-view image and constructing a Gaussian pyramid of the parallax image;
step 3, calculating a weight coefficient of each sub-band image of the direction controllable pyramid, and generating a weighted direction controllable pyramid;
step 4, reconstructing the weighted direction-controllable pyramid to generate a parallax inducer;
step 5, generating left and right stereo images by using a parallax inducer respectively;
and 6, generating a physically fused 2D scene according to the left and right stereo images.
Further, in the aforementioned method of the present invention, step 2, a left view image I is constructedCIs a direction controllable pyramid SC'The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(201) through a high-pass filter H0(omega) and a low-pass filter L0(ω) separately combining the images IcDecomposition into low-pass sub-band images
And high-pass sub-band images
(202) A band-pass directional filter Bj(omega) and narrow-band low-pass filter L1(omega) low-pass sub-band images
Respectively decomposed into a series of bandwidth subband images
And low-pass sub-band images
And the angle of the band-pass direction filter needs to satisfy the following constraint conditions:
Bj(ω)＝B(ω)[-icos(θ-θj)]n，θ＝arg(ω)，θj＝πj/(n+1)，
wherein j is 0,1, 7, n;
for responses in the frequency domain above π/2, L should be satisfied1(ω)＝0，
(203) The low-pass sub-band image obtained by decomposition
Downsampling, further decomposing according to the method in the step (202), and obtaining a series of sub-bandwidth images
And low-pass sub-band images
(204) For the low-pass sub-band image obtained by decomposition
Repeating the step (203) until a specific layer number N is decomposed, wherein l is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N, and N is the decomposed layer number;
(205) finally generating N layers of direction controllable pyramid SC'The jth direction of the ith layer is taken as the image SC'l,jWith each layer having n +1 directions.
Further, in the aforementioned method of the present invention, in step 2, a gaussian pyramid G of the parallax image D is constructedDThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking the parallax image D as the 0 th layer of a Gaussian pyramid, and taking the image of the 0 th layer as the 1 st layer image after Gaussian filtering and interlaced and alternate downsampling;
then, carrying out Gaussian filtering and interlaced alternate downsampling on the obtained layer 1 image to obtain a layer 2 image;
continuously repeating, and performing Gaussian filtering and interlaced alternate downsampling on the obtained l layer image to obtain a l +1 layer image; then a gaussian pyramid G is generatedD；
Let GDThe first layer image of
Wherein l is more than 0 and less than or equal to N, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than Ci，0≤b＜RiN is the number of layers of decomposition, CiAnd RiThe number of columns and the number of rows of the ith layer respectively;
is the l-1 st layer, Reduce [ ·]For the reduction operator, ω (m, n) is a window weight function of size 5 × 5, and satisfies low currency and separability; the images of all these layers constitute the gaussian pyramid G of the viewing image DD，GDG of (A)0As in the original parallax image D, the sizes of the remaining layers are sequentially reduced, and the size of the upper layer image is 1/4 of the previous layer image.
Further, in the method of the present invention, in step 3, a weight coefficient of each sub-band image of the direction-controllable pyramid is calculated, and a weighted direction-controllable pyramid is generated, where a calculation formula of the weight coefficient a is:
wherein,
gaussian pyramid G as parallax image DDLayer i image of, omegalIs a direction controllable pyramid SC'The angle of the different directions of the directional filter of the l-th layer image, thetaj＝arg(ωj)；
The generated weighted direction-controllable pyramid
Further, in the aforementioned method of the present invention, in step 4, the weighted direction-controllable pyramid is reconstructed
Generating a parallax inducer IDTo weighted direction controllable pyramid
The reconstruction of (1) is mainly the reverse process of the step (201) to the step (205). I.e. from step (205) to step (201).
Further, in the method of the present invention, in step 5, the parallax inducer is used to generate left and right stereo images, specifically:
IL＝IC+ID
IR＝IC-ID
wherein IDRepresents a parallax inducer, ILRepresenting the left eye image, IRRepresenting the right eye image.
Further, in the aforementioned method of the present invention, in step 6, the scene image I is generated according to the left and right stereo imagescThe specific calculation method is IL+IR＝2IC。
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a novel parallax vision inducer generation method, wherein images and parallax vision inducers are processed to form left-eye images and right-eye images, the left-eye images and the right-eye images are alternately displayed, and a 3D effect is obtained through naked eye observation. The invention does not need hardware support, and can be realized by a common PC desktop computer or a smart phone platform. The invention does not lose resolution and brightness and does not generate fuzzy and ghost phenomena.
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Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a naked eye 3D effect method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the invention is explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The prior art related to the invention introduces:
(1) direction controllable pyramid
The direction controllable pyramid decomposes an image into scale and direction sub-bands by using a direction controllable filter to obtain a multi-direction and multi-scale pyramid which has translation invariance, rotation invariance and direction controllability, and can reduce the calculation amount in the application of the image with the additional rotation translation operation of scale change. The basic idea is to use a series of filters whose directions can be adjusted as a set of basis functions to decompose the image into a linear combination that can be represented by the set of basis functions.
(2) Gauss pyramid
An original image is downsampled to obtain a downsampled image, the downsampled image is downsampled continuously, a group of image sets are formed by repeating the downsampling and the downsampling for many times, and the images are stacked to form the Gaussian pyramid. The Gaussian pyramid for constructing the image is mainly divided into two steps: the first step is to gaussian smooth the image and the second step is to 1/4 downsample the image.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for generating a naked-eye 3D stereoscopic effect by using a single image, including:
step 1: firstly, inputting a 2D left view image I of a stereo sceneCAnd a disparity map D.
Step 2: structure ICIs a direction controllable pyramid SC'And Gaussian pyramid G of construction DD。
2.1, Structure IcIs a direction controllable pyramid SC'。
2.1.1 through H0(omega) (high pass filter) and L0(omega) (low pass filter) image IcDecomposition into two sub-band images of low-pass and high-pass
And
2.1.2 passing through bandpass Directional Filter Bj(ω) (j is 0, 1.., n) (8 directions are used in the present invention, and the angle of the bandpass direction filter satisfies the following constraint Bj(ω)＝B(ω)[-icos(θ-θj]n，θ＝arg(ω)，θj＝πj/(n+1)，
And a narrow bandwidth low pass filter L1(ω) (to eliminate aliasing, L should be satisfied for responses above π/2 in the frequency domain1(ω)＝0，
) Will be provided with
Further decomposed into a series of bandwidth sub-bands
And low-pass sub-bands
2.1.3 Low pass sub-band image obtained by decomposition
Downsampling is carried out firstly, then further decomposition is carried out according to the method in the step 2.1.2, and a series of band-pass sub-bands are obtained
And low-pass sub-bands
2.1.4 Low pass sub-band for decomposition
(2. ltoreq. l.ltoreq.N, N being the number of decomposed layers), repeating step 2.1.3 until the decomposition reaches a specific number of layers N.
2.1.5, finally generating N layers (each layer has the direction of N +1) of direction-controllable pyramids SC'The jth direction of the ith layer is taken as the image SC'l,j。
2.2 Gaussian pyramid G of construction DD。
Firstly, the image D is taken as the 0 th layer of the Gaussian pyramid, and the image of the 0 th layer is taken as the 1 st layer image after Gaussian filtering and interlaced and alternate downsampling. Then, Gaussian filtering and interlaced alternate downsampling are carried out on the obtained first layer image to obtain a 2 nd layer, and the process is repeated continuously, so that a Gaussian pyramid G can be generatedD. Let GDThe first layer image of (1) is GDl：
Wherein l is more than 0 and less than or equal to N, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than Cl，0≤b＜RlN is the number of layers of decomposition, ClAnd RlThe number of columns and rows, respectively, of the ith layer.
Is the l-1 st layer, Reduce [ ·]To reduce the operator, ω (m, n) is a window weight function of size 5 × 5, which satisfies low generality and separability. The image of these layers constitutes a gaussian pyramid G of DD，GDG of (A)0As in the original image D, the remaining layers are sequentially reduced in size, and the size of the upper layer image is 1/4 of the previous layer image.
And step 3: each time of calculationIndividual sub-band SC'l,jThe weight coefficient A of (a) generates a weighted, directionally-controllable pyramid
The weight coefficient A is calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
gaussian pyramid G of DDLayer i image of, omegalIs a direction controllable pyramid SC'The angle of the different directions of the directional filter of the l-th layer image, thetaj＝arg(ωj). The generated weighted direction-controllable pyramid
And 4, step 4: reconstructing a weighted directionally controllable pyramid
Generating a parallax inducer ID. The weighting direction controllable pyramid is obtained by calculating weight coefficients in a plurality of direction sub-band filters of each layer after the Gaussian pyramid is generated (obtained), so that the weighting direction controllable pyramid is subjected to
The reconstruction of (a) is mainly the inverse of the above step 2.1.
And 5: using a parallax inducer IDSeparately generating left and right stereo images ILAnd IR。
IL＝IC+ID
IR＝IC-ID
Step 6: and generating a physically fused 2D scene image, wherein the user can observe 3D effects through different 3D glasses.
IL+IR＝2IC。
It will be understood by those within the art that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the methods specified in the block or blocks of the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for generating naked eye 3D stereoscopic effect by using a single image is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, inputting a 2D left view image and a parallax image of a stereo scene;
step 2, constructing a direction-controllable pyramid of the left-view image and constructing a Gaussian pyramid of the parallax image;
step 3, calculating a weight coefficient of each sub-band image of the direction controllable pyramid, and generating a weighted direction controllable pyramid;
step 4, reconstructing the weighted direction-controllable pyramid to generate a parallax inducer;
step 5, generating left and right images respectively by using a parallax inducer;
step 6, generating a physically fused 3D scene according to the left image and the right image;
in step 2, a left view image I is constructedCOfDirection controllable pyramid SC'The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(201) through a high-pass filter H0(omega) and a low-pass filter L0(ω) separately combining the images IcDecomposition into low-pass sub-band images
And high-pass sub-band images
(202) A band-pass directional filter Bj(omega) and narrow-band low-pass filter L1(omega) low-pass sub-band images
Respectively decomposed into a series of sub-band images
And low-pass sub-band images
And the angle theta of the band-pass direction filter needs to satisfy the following constraint condition:
Bj(ω)＝B(ω)[-icos(θ-θj)]n，θ＝arg(ω)，θj＝πj/(n+1)，
wherein j is 0,1, 7, n;
for responses in the frequency domain higher than pi/2, L is satisfied1(ω)＝0，
ω represents the frequency of the filter, θjRepresents the angle of the jth bandpass filter;
(203) the low-pass sub-band image obtained by decomposition
Downsampling, further decomposing according to the method in the step (202), and obtaining a series of sub-bandwidth images
And low-pass sub-band images
(204) For the low-pass sub-band image obtained by decomposition
Repeating the step (203) until a specific layer number N is decomposed, wherein l is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N, and N is the decomposed layer number;
(205) finally generating N layers of direction controllable pyramid SC'The jth direction of the ith layer is taken as the image SC'l,jWherein each layer has n +1 directions;
in step 3, calculating a weight coefficient of each sub-band image of the direction controllable pyramid to generate a weighted direction controllable pyramid, wherein the weight coefficient A isl,jThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein A isl,jThe weighting coefficients of the jth bandpass directional filter of the l-th layer image representing the direction-controllable pyramid,
gaussian pyramid G as parallax image DDLayer i image of, omegalIs a direction controllable pyramid SC'The angles of different directions of the bandpass direction filter of the first layer image are obtained;
the generated weighted direction-controllable pyramid
Wherein A ═ { A ═ Al,j}。
2. The method for generating naked eye 3D stereoscopic effect by using single image as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, Gaussian pyramid G of parallax image D is constructedDThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking a parallax image D as a 0 th layer of a Gaussian pyramid, and taking an image of the 0 th layer as a 1 st layer image after Gaussian filtering and interlaced and alternate downsampling;
then, carrying out Gaussian filtering and interlaced alternate downsampling on the obtained layer 1 image to obtain a layer 2 image;
continuously repeating, and performing Gaussian filtering and interlaced alternate downsampling on the obtained l layer image to obtain a l +1 layer image; then a gaussian pyramid G is generatedD；
Let GDThe first layer image of
Wherein l is more than 0 and less than or equal to N, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than Ci，0≤b＜RiN is the number of layers of decomposition, CiAnd RiThe number of columns and the number of rows of the ith layer respectively;
for layer l-1 image, Reduce [ ·]For the reduction operator, ω (m, n) is a window weight function of size 5 × 5, and satisfies low currency and separability; the images of all these layers constitute a disparity mapGaussian pyramid G like DD，GDG of (A)0The sizes of the other layers are reduced in turn, and the size of the upper layer image is 1/4G of the previous layer image in turn, as in the original parallax image D0Representing the layer 0 image of the gaussian pyramid.
3. The method for generating naked eye 3D stereoscopic effect by using single image as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the weighted direction-controllable pyramid is reconstructed
Generating a parallax inducer IDTo weighted direction controllable pyramid
Is the reverse process of step (201) to step (205).
4. The method for generating a naked eye 3D stereoscopic effect by using a single image according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the left and right stereoscopic images are respectively generated by using a parallax inducer, specifically:
IL＝IC+ID
IR＝IC-ID
wherein IDRepresents a parallax inducer, ILRepresenting the left eye image, IRRepresenting the right eye image, ICRepresenting a left view image.
5. The method for generating naked eye 3D stereoscopic effect by using single image as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step 6, the scene image I is generated according to the left and right stereoscopic images, and the specific calculation method is IL+IR＝2I。
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