CN109672213A - Power optimized system and its optimization method containing double optimization - Google Patents
Power optimized system and its optimization method containing double optimization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to power optimized systems and its optimization method containing double optimization.Multilevel voltage installed in series, wherein the electric energy captured from a corresponding DC power supply is converted into output power by every voltage order one converter, the respective output voltage of multilevel voltage converter, which is superimposed, uses it as DC bus-bar voltage, every voltage order one converter is used to the output electric current of a corresponding DC power supply and output voltage setting in maximum power point, receive the energy collection device for the output power that multilevel voltage converter provides, the double optimization function of energy collection device configuration is used to for DC bus-bar voltage and DC bus current being arranged in maximum power point.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates generally to field of photovoltaic power generation, are to be related to containing photovoltaic cell or containing more precisely
The mechanism that a kind of pair of DC power supply executes secondary power optimization is proposed in the electricity generation system of other types battery, ensures direct current
Realize that output power optimizes to the greatest extent under the premise of reliability service in source.
Background technique
The installation of photovoltaic generating system needs to pay up-front investment, has concealment since photovoltaic module mismatches, many
The owner of solar power system may ignore or know nothing the mismatch problem of photovoltaic module, lead to the recycling and benefit of investment
Profit is greatly reduced, and causes energy waste.It is unmatched the reason is that various, dominant mechanism be the combination of voltage and current not
Caused by matching, cloud that local foreign body covers and waves, the blocking of neighbouring object, surface contamination, different mounted angles and
Installation direction, aging and temperature change and other factors, the mismatch of photovoltaic module directly induce photovoltaic module and generate not
The electric quantity loss of balance.It as a result is exactly that entire electricity generation system can not be operated in maximum output power point.
When estimating the overall efficiency of solar power system, usually assume that the photovoltaic module used is all having the same
Light radiation degree, temperature and performance parameter.However in many cases, part shadowing effect, temperature imbalance and mounted angle
Etc. factors difference, all may cause component electric current and voltage mismatch and system inefficiency.Caused by shadow occlusion
Power loss has many forms, it may be possible to seasonal in annual or daily in several hours shades, it is not easy to quilt
The power swing being aware of is difficult accurately to be predicted.Power optimization is dissolved into the design of photovoltaic generating system in advance, not only
The whole generating efficiency of photovoltaic plant can be improved, extend power station service life and improve rate of return on investment, light can also be provided
The flexible layout degree of photovoltaic module in overhead utility utilizes limited space to greatest extent.
The maximum power of photovoltaic module output depends on optimal operating current multiplied by optimal operating voltage, it is any both
Under fixed operating condition, there are a rules: all there is a maximum power points in every piece of photovoltaic module, it corresponds to photovoltaic group
The maximum power output amount of part.Maximum power point is approximately the function of the exponential relationship about voltage and current.Maximum power chases after
The technical solution of track, the power optimization device that for example Chinese patent application 201110097292.1 discloses are used to monitor and optimize
The electric energy of every piece of photovoltaic battery panel, even if mismatch problems occurs in any one piece of solar panel in array, other batteries still can be defeated
Maximum power out, thus the generated energy loss that compensation is generated by mismatch problems.
Summary of the invention
In an alternate embodiment of the invention, present application discloses a kind of power optimized systems containing double optimization, comprising: series connection
Multilevel voltage converter；The electric energy captured from a corresponding DC power supply is converted by every voltage order one converter
Output power；The respective output voltage of multilevel voltage converter, which is superimposed, uses it as DC bus-bar voltage；Every voltage order one
Converter is used to the output electric current of a corresponding DC power supply and output voltage setting in maximum power point；It receives
The double optimization function of the energy collection device for the output power that multilevel voltage converter provides, the configuration of energy collection device is used for
DC bus-bar voltage and DC bus current are arranged in maximum power point.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: the energy collection device includes at least inverter
Or charger to charge the battery.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: the energy collection device includes inverter: being closed
The pure contravariant equipment of no maximum power tracing is regarded as when closing the double optimization function of inverter；Or enabling inverter
The contravariant equipment equipped with second level maximum power tracing is regarded as when double optimization function.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: more when closing the double optimization function of inverter
Each of step voltage converter is all by the output electric current of a corresponding DC power supply and output voltage setting most
High-power point.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: first kind electricity is defined in multilevel voltage converter
Pressure converter and the second class electric pressure converter, they include the first, second input terminal for capturing the electric energy that DC power supply provides
With provide itself output power the first, second output end；When enabling the double optimization function of inverter, meet: the first kind
The first input end that electric pressure converter couples it to a corresponding DC power anode is directly shorted and through to
One output end；And first kind electric pressure converter couples it to the second input terminal of a corresponding DC power cathode
It is directly shorted and through to second output terminal.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: when enabling the double optimization function of inverter, together
When also meet: the second class electric pressure converter is used to set in the output electric current of a corresponding DC power supply and output voltage
It sets in maximum power point.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: when enabling the double optimization function of inverter, together
When also meet: it is floating with voltage to realize by the dynamic change voltage of the corresponding DC power supply of each first kind electric pressure converter
Dynamic form modulates DC bus-bar voltage.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: the type of DC power supply includes at least fuel cell
Or photovoltaic module etc..
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: by a voltage tune being coupled on DC bus
The DC bus-bar voltage of device control dynamic change is saved without departing from scheduled upper limit value and lower limit value range；Voltage regulator is independent
Setting to DC bus on or be integrated in the energy collection device.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: in one or more first kind electric pressure converters pair
Power, which occurs, for the DC power supply answered reduces event and the output voltage of one or more second class electric pressure converters is caused to be forced to
Be raised to when tending to beyond prescribed limit, the second class electric pressure converter by its processor configured control and output voltage is limited
A fixed expection voltage value within the specified scope.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: in one or more first kind electric pressure converters pair
When power, which occurs, for the DC power supply answered reduces event, the corresponding DC power supply of the second class electric pressure converter of one or more maintains work
Make in maximum power dotted state.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: in one or more first kind electric pressure converters pair
When power, which occurs, for the DC power supply answered reduces event, the corresponding DC power supply of one or more second class electric pressure converters is from maximum
Power dotted state is switched to non-maximum power dotted state；So that into non-maximum power dotted state DC power supply export it is external
Power share shared in the sum of general power that a series of corresponding DC power supplies of multilevel voltage converter provide reduces.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: limit DC bus-bar voltage in scheduled upper limit value
It floats within the scope of lower limit value, power, which occurs, in the corresponding DC power supply of one or more first kind electric pressure converters reduces event
When causing DC bus-bar voltage to drop to tend to close to lower limit value；So that one or more second class electric pressure converters are corresponding straight
Galvanic electricity source is switched to non-maximum power dotted state from maximum power dotted state, forces the corresponding system of multilevel voltage converter at this time
The general power that column DC power supply provides declines divided by the calculated bus current of DC bus-bar voltage.
The above-mentioned power optimized system containing double optimization, in which: the electric pressure converter includes: to be connected on reception directly
The first and second switches between first and second input terminals of the voltage source that galvanic electricity source provides；It is connected on and output voltage is provided
The third and fourth switch between first and second output ends；In the interconnecting nodes of the first and second switch rooms and third and fourth
Inductance element is equipped between the interconnecting nodes of switch room and the second input terminal is coupled to second output terminal.
In an alternate embodiment of the invention, present application discloses a kind of power optimization method, including: multilevel voltage is converted
Device is connected in series；The electric energy of a corresponding photovoltaic module is captured using every voltage order one converter and is converted into defeated
Power out；The superposition respective output voltage of multilevel voltage converter forms total tandem voltage and as DC bus-bar voltage；By
A corresponding photovoltaic module is set in maximum power point by every voltage order one converter；By being configured with two suboptimums
The energy collection device for changing function collects the output power that multilevel voltage converter provides, and energy collection device passes through selection
Whether enable double optimization function and chooses whether for DC bus-bar voltage and DC bus current to be arranged at maximum power point.
Above-mentioned method, in which: charger of the energy collection device including at least inverter or to charge the battery.
Above-mentioned method, in which: the energy collection device includes inverter, the method further include: close inversion
The double optimization function of device is set to the pure contravariant equipment of no maximum power tracing；Or enable two suboptimums of inverter
Change function, is set to the contravariant equipment equipped with second level maximum power tracing.
Above-mentioned method, in which: the double optimization function of inverter is closed, thus, it is each in multilevel voltage converter
A maximal power tracing function all being had by it is electric by the output electric current of a corresponding photovoltaic module and output
Pressure is arranged in maximum power point.
Above-mentioned method, in which: define first kind electric pressure converter in multilevel voltage converter and the second class voltage turns
Parallel operation, they include capturing the first, second input terminal of the electric energy that photovoltaic module provides and providing the of itself output power
One, second output terminal；Enable the double optimization function of inverter, the method further include: first kind electric pressure converter is by it
The control of the processor of configuration, and the first input end for coupling it to corresponding photovoltaic module anode is directly shorted
With through to the first output end；And first kind electric pressure converter by its configuration processor control, and couple it to
The second input terminal of a corresponding photovoltaic module cathode be directly shorted and through to second output terminal.
Above-mentioned method, in which: enable the double optimization function of inverter, the method further include: the second class voltage
The maximal power tracing function that converter is all had by it is by the output electric current of a corresponding photovoltaic module and defeated
Voltage is arranged in maximum power point out.
Above-mentioned method, in which: enable the double optimization function of inverter, the method further include: by each
The dynamic change voltage of the corresponding photovoltaic module output of a kind of electric pressure converter is to realize the form modulation floated with voltage directly
Flow busbar voltage.
Above-mentioned method a, in which: voltage regulator is set on DC bus, for controlling the direct current of dynamic change
Busbar voltage is without departing from scheduled upper limit value and lower limit value range；By voltage regulator be individually set on DC bus or by its
It is directly integrated in inverter.
Above-mentioned method, in which: power drop occurs in the corresponding photovoltaic module of one or more first kind electric pressure converters
Low event simultaneously causes the output voltage of one or more second class electric pressure converters to be forced to rise to when tending to beyond prescribed limit；
The processor for triggering the configuration of the second class electric pressure converter, which is controlled, is limited to regulation model for the output voltage of the second class electric pressure converter
Enclose an interior expection voltage value.
Above-mentioned method, in which: power drop occurs in the corresponding photovoltaic module of one or more first kind electric pressure converters
When low event, the processor of one or more second class electric pressure converter configurations controls one or more second class electric pressure converters
Maintain work in maximum power dotted state corresponding photovoltaic module.
Above-mentioned method, in which: power drop occurs in the corresponding photovoltaic module of one or more first kind electric pressure converters
When low event, the processor for triggering one or more second class electric pressure converter configurations controls one or more second class voltages and turns
Corresponding photovoltaic module is switched to non-maximum power dotted state from maximum power dotted state by parallel operation；So that into non-maximum power
The total work that external power is provided in a series of corresponding photovoltaic modulies of multilevel voltage converter of the photovoltaic module output of dotted state
Shared share reduces in the sum of rate.
Above-mentioned method, in which: limit DC bus-bar voltage and float within the scope of scheduled upper limit value and lower limit value, one
Power, which occurs, for the corresponding DC power supply of a or multiple first kind electric pressure converters, which reduces event, causes DC bus-bar voltage to drop to
When tending to close to lower limit value；To which the processor for triggering one or more second class electric pressure converter configurations controls one or more
Corresponding DC power supply is switched to non-maximum power dotted state from maximum power dotted state by a second class electric pressure converter, is forced
The general power that a series of corresponding photovoltaic modulies of multilevel voltage converter provide at this time is divided by the calculated mother of DC bus-bar voltage
Line current decline.Notice that electric pressure converter as described in this application can also be substituted with term power optimization device.
Detailed description of the invention
To keep above-mentioned purpose and feature and advantage more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiment is done with reference to the accompanying drawing
Detailed explaination, read it is described further below and referring to the following drawings after, the feature and advantage of the application will be evident.
Fig. 1 be in parallel again after photovoltaic module is first connected and to the schematic diagram of inverter power supply.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that each of concatenated multistage photovoltaic module component is equipped with an optimizer.
Fig. 3 is power curve schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module under different illumination intensity.
Fig. 4 is the example for utilizing voltage regulator control bus voltage in an alternate embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the example of the processor control power optimization device with tracking maximum power point algoritic module.
Fig. 6 is that Partial Power optimizer is in and in another power optimization device of direct mode operation is in power optimization mode.
Fig. 7 is that the shutdown for controlling the power switch of power optimization device or connection make it into first model of direct mode operation
Example.
Fig. 8 is that the shutdown for controlling the power switch of power optimization device or connection make it into second model of direct mode operation
Example.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with each embodiment, clear and complete elaboration, but described reality are carried out to technical solution of the present invention
Applying example only is the present invention with the embodiment used in illustrating is described herein and not all embodiment, based on the embodiments such as this, this field
Technical staff scheme obtained belongs to protection scope of the present invention without making creative work.
According to the output characteristics of photovoltaic module, due to the output voltage and output electric current and solar radiation intensity of photovoltaic module
Have a closely related connection with environmental factors such as operating temperatures, the corresponding voltage of maximum output power and maximum power point with
Change with the variation of environmental factor, environmental change potentially results in photovoltaic module and can not work in maximum power dotted state.
Referring to Fig. 1, photovoltaic module array is the basis that photovoltaic generating system is converted from luminous energy to electric energy, photovoltaic module array
In multiple battery pack strings are installed, battery pack string is made of the photovoltaic module PV1 to PVN of multiple series connections concatenation.Every block of light
Volt component or photovoltaic cell are each equipped with the power optimization device for executing maximum power tracing calculation MPPT.In some battery pack string
In for example first order photovoltaic module PV1 generate electric energy by first order power optimization device CH1 carry out power convert to execute power
Optimization, the electric energy that second level photovoltaic module PV2 is generated are excellent to execute power by second level power optimization device CH2 progress power conversion
Change, and so on, turn until electric energy caused by N grades of photovoltaic module PVN carries out power by N grades of power optimization device CHN
It changes to execute power optimization, N is the natural number not less than 1.Power optimization device is also known as MPPT maximum power point tracking device usually using special
Determine the topological circuit of type search for maximum power point and thereby allow power optimization device extracted from photovoltaic module it is possible most
It is high-power.First order power optimization device CH1 output voltage VO1, second level power optimization device CH2 output voltage VO2... class according to this
It pushes away, N grades of power optimization device CHN output voltage VON.So that tandem voltage total on any one optical crosstalk volt battery pack string passes through
Calculating is about VO1+VO2+…VON=VBUS.Different multiple groups battery packs is connected in series and parallel between bus LA and LB: if definition
Multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CHN constitutes some link, and then different multiple links are connected in parallel between bus LA and LB.Light
Total electric energy that volt assembly array provides is conveyed to the energy/energy collecting device by DC bus, and energy collection device at least wraps
Include in Fig. 1 can inverse of the DC into AC inverter INVT or including charger etc. to charge the battery.Substantially
Photovoltaic module in Fig. 1 is merely possible to the particular example of DC power supply namely optimised object, and power optimization device is not only compatible with
Crystal silicon battery plate can also be matched in the hull cell of part, photovoltaic module can also be replaced by chemical cell or storage battery or
Battery etc., the wider meaning of power optimization device are to implement power optimization or even wind to various types of DC power supply
Energy and fuel cell etc..The application is equally applicable to for any scheme of the maximum power tracing of DC power supply in the prior art
Power optimization device, the most common maximum power tracing method has constant voltage process, conductance increment method, perturbation observation method etc..
Referring to Fig. 1, power optimization device belongs to power electronic equipment, and main purpose is to realize the maximum of individual photovoltaic module
The function of power points tracking.Buck circuit, boosting Boost circuit, buck Buck-Boost circuit and other mound gram is depressured to become
Parallel operation cuk converter etc. is the main circuit topology suitable for photovoltaic power optimizer.In fact it can be found that the equal main circuit topologies sheet
The scope of switch power supply system is still fallen in matter, switch power supply system is usually to use power semiconductor as switch member
Part, by periodical on-off switch, the duty ratio of control switch element adjusts output voltage.The power that Switching Power Supply is realized becomes
Changing is its core, and in order to meet high power density requirement, converter needs work in high frequency state and switching transistor
The power switch high using switching speed, the turn-on and turn-off time is short, power scr, power field effect transistor and insulation
Type bipolar junction transistor etc..It is a variety of that the main control mode of converter is divided into pulse width modulation, pulse frequency modulated etc., commonly uses
Pulse width modulating scheme.What power optimization device was embodied is a direct current to direct current buck or boost voltage changer,
After power optimization device carries out maximum power optimization to unimodule, energy is transferred to inverter and carries out the processing of direct current to alternating current
Afterwards, the local online that uses or generate electricity of supply.Inverter INVT usually can be the pure contravariant equipment of no maximum power tracing or match
There is the contravariant equipment of second level maximum power tracing.
Referring to fig. 2, based on the convenience of narration, the photovoltaic module PV1-PV10 and corresponding ten power for being ten with quantity
Optimizer CH1-CH10 and matched inverter INVT illustrate entire photovoltaic generating system as example.Power optimization device has
It is coupled to the input terminal of photovoltaic module and the output end of output power is provided.The first of first order power optimization device CH1 input side
Input terminal IN1It is coupled to the anode of first order photovoltaic module PV1, the second input terminal of first order power optimization device CH1 input side
IN2It is coupled to the cathode of first order photovoltaic module PV1, the electric energy that input side receives is converted into first order power optimization device
First output end NO of CH1 outlet side1With second output terminal NO2Output power.Other photovoltaic modulies PV2-PV10 and power are excellent
The corresponding relationship for changing device CH2-CH10 is shown in figure.Multistage power optimization device CH1-CH10 connects according to following rule
Connection: the second output terminal of any previous stage power optimization device is coupled to the of neighboring later stage power optimization device by power line
One output end.By taking actual connection relationship as an example: the second output terminal NO of first order power optimization device CH12It is connected to second level function
The first output end NO of rate optimizer CH21, the second output terminal NO of second level power optimization device CH22It is excellent to be connected to third level power
Change the first output end NO of device CH31, and so on to the second output terminal NO of the 9th grade of power optimization device CH92It is connected to the tenth grade
The first output end NO of power optimization device CH101.It is considered that: the tandem that concatenated multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CH10 is provided
Voltage is equal to the superposition value of their own output voltage, and first order power optimization device CH1's is coupled to the first defeated of bus LA
Outlet NO1With the second output terminal NO for being coupled to bus LB of the power optimization device CH10 of last the tenth grade at end2Between can
To provide total tandem voltage V of entire concatenated multiple power optimization devicesBUS=VO1+VO2+…VO10.Also in any one power
The first input end IN of optimizer1With the second input terminal IN2Between connect input capacitance CI, and in any one power optimization device
The first output end NO1With second output terminal NO2Between connect output capacitance CO.
Referring to fig. 2, the meaning of power optimization: some power optimization device is needed the output of some paired DC power supply
Electric current and output voltage setting are at the maximum power point of the DC power supply, and in other words, power optimization device is needed the output of itself
Electric current is arranged to the output electric current of the DC power supply matched with it without direct correlation property, and power optimization device is needed the output of itself
Voltage is arranged to the output voltage of the DC power supply matched with it without direct correlation property.
Referring to fig. 2, the power optimization device of conventional serial type using fixed voltage design concept.Inverter is according to friendship
The voltage that end voltage confirms a stable DC bus is flowed, the maximum power that each concatenated power optimization device is collected is summarized, into
And it calculates bus current and gives power optimization device by wirelessly or electrically power carrier signal transmission.The electricity of power optimization device output end
Pressure is equal to the power of collected component maximum power divided by bus current.As multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CH10 is collected most
High-power to be fed to inverter INVT, the general power that photovoltaic module PV1-PV10 is provided removes the DC bus of inverter INVT
Fixed voltage can calculate bus current IBUS.After the case where component is blocked, its corresponding power optimization device is according to volt
Peace curve redefines peak power output value, by wireless or carrier-wave transmission to inverter.Maintaining DC bus-bar voltage not
Under the premise of change, recalculates bus current and for example become smaller and feed back to each power optimization device.The function for the component being blocked at this time
Rate reduces, its corresponding power optimization device can also be depressured to confirm that output electric current is up to standard.The power of other components not being blocked
Optimizer, which can then boost, carrys out output electric current up to standard, this dynamic regulation is the process that voltage is supplied in fact, to be supplied to inversion
The DC terminal busbar voltage of device is stablized.Assume that photovoltaic module PV1-PV5 is blocked seriously leads to power optimization device CH1-
The respective output voltage decline of CH5, the then corresponding power optimization device CH6- of the photovoltaic module PV6-PV10 not being blocked
CH10 must boost to make up the decompression of power optimization device CH1-CH5.Doubt is: the design concept of fixed voltage easily causes
The output voltage of the corresponding power optimization device of the photovoltaic module not being blocked can exceed that the voltage tolerance of power optimization device itself
Range, this problem is more prominent when members block more serious.Its cloud sailed in the air or building or shade etc. are all
It is the risk factor blocked, either seasonal shade or the of short duration shade calculated with several hours, caused by power swing
Voltage outside range is difficult to predict, this is the fixed drawback of busbar voltage.
Referring to fig. 2, multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CH10 is each equipped with processor, is defeated by processor in addition to executing MPPT
What pulse width modulating signal PWM out was realized, processor and the peripheral hardware hardware that it is configured can also acquire DC power supply or function
All kinds of target components of rate optimizer, are equivalent to data collector, because inverter INVT can capture these object parameter datas
Be it is very significant, for example calculated based on the general power of each battery pack string bus current and adjust busbar voltage and will
Various types of data is transmitted to cloud server as backup or for calling etc..In an alternate embodiment of the invention, peripheral hardware hardware can be by light
Voltage and current, power and the temperature for lying prostrate component are adopted to a series of related specified target component information of generated energy etc.
Collection, such as voltage parameter are hard by peripheral hardwares such as temperature inductors by current sensor, temperature parameter by voltage sensor, current parameters
Part acquisition.The parameter type relevant with photovoltaic module that the type of peripheral hardware hardware more multiprocessor can obtain is also more, but
Cost will increase, this needs to trade off.Target component can also include locating for the photovoltaic module that is detected by environment monitor
Surrounding enviroment factor data: environment temperature and humidity, wind speed, intensity of illumination and air pressure etc., environment monitor be data acquisition
One kind of device.Power optimization device each other by wireless communication or carrier communication can mutually pass data or power optimization device and
Between inverter INVT by wireless communication or carrier communication mutually passes data.
Referring to Fig. 3, the power voltage P of photovoltaic moduleCE-VPVAs can be seen in the figure, the output characteristics of photovoltaic module is curve
Nonlinear DC power supply.In intensity of illumination LE1-LE5The power vs. voltage curve of photovoltaic module also not phase under several radiation levels
Together, it concludes are as follows: in the case where intensity of illumination is inconsistent, the characteristic of the power vs. voltage curve performance of photovoltaic module is that radiation is strong
Degree is bigger, and the output power of photovoltaic cell is bigger, conversely, output power is smaller.Intensity of illumination LE1-LE5In each radiation levels
Under corresponding power vs. voltage curve include a maximum power point, different capacity-voltage curve maximum power point connects
To constitute maximum power point build-up curve PMP, intensity of illumination, which changes, such as blocks the maximum power point that will lead to photovoltaic module generation
Change, power optimization device is needed in build-up curve PMPMaximum power point is tracked up.The characteristic of photovoltaic module also resides in short-circuit electricity
Stream changes with the variation of intensity of illumination, and illumination is stronger, and short circuit current is bigger, and open-circuit voltage slightly increases but we can recognize
To hardly happen biggish variation.The output characteristics of photovoltaic cell is also related with temperature, and it is higher to show as temperature, short circuit current
Slightly become larger, but open-circuit voltage reduces, peak power output is smaller.
Referring to Fig. 3, power, which occurs, for photovoltaic module reduces one of inducement of event in addition to also further including including shadow occlusion etc.
Situations such as aging, if shadow occlusion has not existed, power reduces event and is released from naturally.If the DC power supply quilt of aging
New does not have defective non-defective unit DC power supply to replace, and power reduction event, which is also considered as, to be released from.Observe any photovoltaic module
Power voltage PCE-VPVCurve, under essentially identical environmental condition, photovoltaic module have unique maximum output power point and
And on the left of maximum power point, the output power of photovoltaic module rises with the output voltage of photovoltaic module and linear rise is presented
Trend, after reaching maximum power point, the output power of photovoltaic module declines rapidly, and the power decline on the right side of maximum power point
Speed much larger than its rate of climb on the left of maximum power point.The corresponding output voltage of the maximum power point of photovoltaic module is big
It is approximately equal to the 78-80% of open-circuit voltage or so of photovoltaic module.
Referring to fig. 4, it will be assumed that the corresponding photovoltaic of some power optimization device CH1 in multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CH10
Component PV1 is blocked, the corresponding photovoltaic module PV10 of power optimization device CH10 is not blocked, entire multistage photovoltaic module during this
Remaining others photovoltaic module can be in occlusion state or in the state that is not blocked, here only in PV1-PV10
It is only illustrated using photovoltaic module PV1 and PV10 as example, although and as the inducement for causing Dc source power to reduce
Be for blocking, but the manufacturing variation of actually DC power supply even decay aging the problems such as equally can also cause it is similar after
Fruit.The power of photovoltaic module PV1 drastically reduces the output voltage V for leading to the power optimization device CH1 matched with it in observation Fig. 4O1
Decompression, while the matched power optimization device CH10 of photovoltaic module PV10 is then lifted output voltage VO10, different capacity optimizer it is defeated
The Dynamic Regulating Process that the boost or depressurization of voltage shows out is to meet the fixed demand of busbar voltage.Power is excellent
Change device CH1 or CH10 and uses the main circuit topology mentioned above suitable for photovoltaic power optimizer, therefore output voltage VO1
Or VO10Prescribed limit is all had to comply with namely in the voltage range that can be worked, with the low predetermined value V of definitionLWith high predetermined value VH
Between voltage range characterize the prescribed limit of power optimization device output voltage.However the photovoltaic module PV10 not being blocked matches
The actual output voltage V of power optimization device CH10 of setO10Probably due to photovoltaic module PV1 is blocked and makes output voltage VO10
Occur one or many to be forced to be more than high predetermined value VHException, the then output voltage V more low to external power of photovoltaic module PV1O10
Amplification it is bigger.
Referring to fig. 4, the output voltage of power optimization device is avoided to exceed the exception of prescribed limit, the basic ideas of the application are
Tandem voltage V on busBUSNo longer immobilize, but floating type dynamic regulation.Utilize the energy for being similar to inverter etc
Source collection device receives the output power that multilevel voltage converter provides, and the double optimization function of energy collection device configuration is used for
DC bus-bar voltage and DC bus current are arranged in maximum power point, if power optimization device executes for the first time in photovoltaic module
Power optimization, then the optimization of energy collection device configuration is just defined as double optimization relative to optimizing for the first time.Before the application
The scheme that text is introduced in Fig. 1, the power optimized system containing double optimization specifically include that concatenated multiple power levels optimizer
The electric energy captured from a corresponding DC power supply is converted into output power by CH1-CHN, every level-one power optimization device,
For example the electric energy captured from DC power supply corresponding with it, that is, photovoltaic module PVN is converted into exporting by N grades of power optimization device CHN
Power.The respective output voltage of multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CHN, which is superimposed, in power optimized system uses it as direct current
The voltage V of busBUS, in multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CHN, every level-one power optimization device is used to corresponding one
The output electric current of a DC power supply and output voltage setting optimize for the first time in maximum power point and belonging to, such as N grades of power optimizations
Device CHN is used for DC power supply corresponding with it, that is, photovoltaic module PVN output electric current and output voltage setting in maximum power
Point.In addition the energy collection device such as inverter INV for the output power that multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CHN is respectively provided is received
Configured with double optimization function, can be used for if activating double optimization function by DC bus-bar voltage and DC bus current
It is arranged in maximum power point.
Referring to Fig. 5, when photovoltaic module PVK(natural number K is 1 some number into N) output voltage not equal to maximum
When the corresponding voltage of power points, the voltage for needing to control its output voltage towards maximum power point is close.Photovoltaic group as shown in the figure
The processor 300 of part PVK configuration samples the output voltage of photovoltaic module PVK by voltage sensor 111 and passes through current sense
Device 112 samples the output electric current of photovoltaic module PVK, various kinds of sensors is omitted in figure collects the analog quantity of target component and turned
Change the process of digital quantity into.By taking perturbation observation method as an example, processor 300 passes through output voltage and electric current phase based on photovoltaic module
Multiply and calculate actual power and fall on the left of maximum power point or right side, and light is judged by maximum power point tracking algorithm
Lie prostrate the corresponding voltage of maximum power point of component.There are also permanent for the most common maximum power tracing algorithm other than perturbation observation method
Constant voltage method, conductance increment method etc..Maximum power point tracking algorithm module 301 is judging the corresponding voltage of maximum power point
Afterwards, processor 300 determines voltage that photovoltaic module PVK needs work corresponding to maximum power point according to the result of judgement, tool
Body be by processor 300 by the pulse-modulated signal PWM of output come driving power optimizer CHK by the defeated of photovoltaic module PVK
Voltage stabilization is at the maximum power point of photovoltaic module PVK at corresponding voltage value out, processor 300 with pulse width modulator or
Digital pulse-width modulator 302, it is used to generate pulse-modulated signal and further drives or control the fortune of power optimization device CHK
Row.
Referring to Fig. 5, processor 300 senses the output voltage of power optimization device CHK by voltage sensor 113 and passes through electricity
The output electric current of the sensing of flow sensor 114 power optimization device CHK.In conjunction with the embodiment of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the power of photovoltaic module drops
Low event for example occurs at a certain moment, and photovoltaic module PV1 is blocked but photovoltaic module PVK is not blocked and leads to power optimization device
The output voltage V of CHKOKTend to exceed high predetermined value VH, power optimization device CHK is detected defeated by the voltage sensor 113 configured
Voltage V outOK, output voltage VOKTend to exceed VHThen processor 300 is by pulse signal and according to the maximum power point electricity of calculating
Pressure, directly drives the output voltage V of power optimization device CHKOKFall in the height predetermined value V of prescribed limitH-VLIt is interior.For example in light
Power, which has occurred, in volt component PV1 reduces the high predetermined value V of time phase control power optimization device CHK output of eventH, such situation
Lower script tends to be higher by VHOutput voltage VOKIt is clamped at not higher than VHAnd lead to the voltage V of busBUSDecline, this is to go here and there
One or more optimizer is chosen in the multiple power levels optimizer of connection to adjust the voltage V of DC busBUS.Due to bus electricity
The decline of pressure, the output voltage V of power optimization device CHKOKScript be forced to increased voltage amplitude value be reduced even without
Increase, also implies that the output voltage of the power optimization device CHK power for facing photovoltaic module PV1 reduces event can be fallen in
In prescribed limit.
Referring to Fig. 5, the main topological circuit of power optimization device is had been described above above, and photovoltaic module PVK utilizes the function illustrated
Rate optimizer CHK generates desired output voltage and is performed simultaneously maximum power point tracking.The first of power optimization device CHK input side
Input terminal IN1It is coupled to photovoltaic module PVK anode and the second input terminal IN2It is coupled at the negative pole end of photovoltaic module PVK.Power
First output end NO of optimizer CHK outlet side1With second output terminal NO2Between provide output voltage and conversion power, in addition also
There is input capacitance CI to be connected first input end IN1With the second input terminal IN2Between and output capacitance CO be connected first
Output end NO1With second output terminal NO2Between.Voltage conversion circuit or the direct current that photovoltaic module is provided for power optimization device
Electricity, which executes the voltage conversion of DC/DC simultaneously that is, synchronizes, executes maximum power tracing calculation.Decompression conversion in power optimization device CHK
The power switch S1 and power switch S2 of circuit module are connected on first input end IN1With the second input terminal IN2Between, and also
There are the power switch S3 and power switch S4 of the voltage up converting circuit of power optimizer CHK to be connected on the first output end NO1With
Two output end NO2Between.Wherein both power switch S1 in decompression converting circuit module and power switch S2 are connected in first
Both interconnecting nodes NX1 and power switch S3 in voltage up converting circuit module and power switch S4 are connected in the second interconnection
Node NX2, the first interconnection that both front side power switch S1-S2 are connected in step-up/step-down circuit module Buck-Boost circuit topology
It is provided with main inductance element L between the second interconnecting nodes NX2 that both node NX1 and rear side power switch S3-S4 are connected, wherein
Second output terminal NO2With the second input terminal IN2The current potential that may be coupled directly to together or set them is essentially identical.Function
A few road pulse-modulated signal PWM that the pulse width modulator 302 that the processor 300 of rate optimizer configuration has issues can be used for driving
Dynamic power switch S1-S4, can use the driving capability that driver 400 reinforces modulated signal, and several roads that driver 400 exports are driven
Dynamic signal D1-D4 is respectively coupled to the grid control terminal of switch S1-S4.
Referring to Fig. 5, power optimization device CHK includes the buck-boost type electric pressure converter of DC to DC, determined at its
Output voltage VOKWhen the corresponding voltage of maximum power point higher than corresponding photovoltaic module PVK, it is determined that the power optimization
Device CHK works in boost mode by pulse width modulating signal PWM control, and voltage up converting circuit module is depressured being lifted voltage
The power switch S1 of conversion circuit module is continuously turned on persistently to be turned off with power switch S2.In the determined output of power optimization device
Voltage VOKWhen the corresponding voltage of maximum power point lower than photovoltaic module PVK, it is determined that power optimization device CHK is by pulse width
Modulated signal PWM control works in decompression mode, and decompression converting circuit module reduces voltage and voltage up converting circuit module
Power switch S4 is continuously turned on persistently to be turned off with power switch S3.In the determined output voltage V of power optimization deviceOKClose to photovoltaic
When the corresponding voltage of the maximum power point of component PVK namely when the voltage of the two is almost equal, then power optimization device CHK is by arteries and veins
It rushes bandwidth modulation signals control and works in the mixed mode Mixed-mode containing boost mode and decompression mode, about Buck-
Boost circuit, which is worked in, belongs to known technology containing boost mode and decompression mode, for example, switch S1-S3 connect after be switched to again
S2-S4 is connected and is recycled with this.Additionally as optional embodiment in output voltage VOKIt is corresponding to be approximately equal to maximum power point
Voltage when, the power optimization device CHK control that can also advocate to will act as high frequency switch power Mode S MPS works in straight-through mould
Formula, namely: its first input end IN for being coupled to photovoltaic module anode1It is directly coupled to provide the first output of output voltage
Hold NO1For example switch S1-S4 is connected and switch S2-S3 is turned off；It is additionally coupled to the second input terminal IN of photovoltaic module cathode2Directly
It connects to be connected to and the second output terminal NO of output voltage is provided2If (the second input terminal IN2With second output terminal NO2Between couple
Have it is any switch then must this switch must be turned on).The voltage regulation functions such as boost or depressurization have ensured that the height of output voltage is adjustable
Section property.
Referring to Fig. 5, since processor 300 samples the output voltage of photovoltaic module PVK by voltage sensor 111 and passes through
Current sensor 112 sample photovoltaic module PVK output electric current, so as to calculate photovoltaic module PVK offer to external work
Rate.Whether photovoltaic module, which occurs power, which reduces event or whether relieve power, reduces event, needs to monitor its external output
Power, if photovoltaic module because be blocked it is equal if its output power just characterized lower than power threshold power reduction thing have occurred
Part, if instead its output power, which relieves power not less than power threshold characterization, reduces event.The configuration of power optimization device
Processor is used as by the external output power that the output voltage and output electric current of the photovoltaic module acquired are calculated judges function
Rate reduces the foundation that event occurs or releases.
Referring to Fig. 6, the energy collection device for receiving the output power that multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CH10 is provided is such as figure
Shown in inverter INVT, the double optimization function of inverter INVT configuration is used for DC bus-bar voltage VBUSWith flow through direct current
The bus current I of busBUSIt is arranged in maximum power point, i.e. second level MPPT function.Inverter INVT can also be had two suboptimums
Change or is substituted without the charger of double optimization function.It is regarded as when closing the double optimization function of inverter INVT without most
The pure contravariant equipment of high-power tracking, or be regarded as when enabling the double optimization function of inverter INVT equipped with second level
The contravariant equipment of maximum power tracing.When closing the double optimization function of inverter INVT in an alternate embodiment of the invention, multistage function
Each of rate optimizer CH1-CH10 is by the output electric current and output voltage setting of a corresponding DC power supply
In maximum power point: first order power optimization device CH1 operates in photovoltaic module PV1 control at maximum power point, and class is pushed into the
Ten grades of power optimization device CH10 operate in photovoltaic module PV10 control at maximum power point, due to the prime of power optimization device
MPPT function is opened, and DC power supplies at different levels can reach optimal effect of optimization and then be not necessarily to enable the rear class MPPT function of inverter
Can, while preventing front stage optimization conflict.
Referring to Fig. 6, multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CH10 is divided into classification: defining in multiple power levels optimizer
A kind of power optimization device and the second class power optimization device, it is assumed for example that first kind power optimization device includes at least function as shown in the figure
Rate optimizer CH1-CH2 etc., and assume the second class power optimization device at least power optimization device CH10 etc..We limit first kind function
Rate optimizer works in direct mode operation DIC-MOD, at the same time, further defines the work of the second class power optimization device in Optimizing Mode
MPP-MOD.Either first kind power optimization device or the second class power optimization device, they include capturing photovoltaic module to provide
Electric energy first and second input terminal, and including providing first and second output end of itself output power.Enabling inversion
When the double optimization function of device INVT, so that: first kind power optimization device couples it to a corresponding photovoltaic module
The first input end of anode is directly shorted and through to the first output end；At the same time, first kind power optimization device is coupled
The second input terminal to a corresponding photovoltaic module cathode is directly shorted and through to second output terminal.Such as: power is excellent
Change the first input end IN that device CH1 is coupled to photovoltaic module PV1 anode1It is directly shorted and through to the of power optimization device CH1
One output end NO1, power optimization device CH1 is coupled to the second input terminal IN of photovoltaic module PV1 cathode2Directly be shorted and through to
The first output end NO of power optimization device CH12, this namely power limitation optimizer CH1 work in the model of direct mode operation DIC-MOD
Example.Power optimization device CH10 can also be controlled by corresponding photovoltaic module when enabling the double optimization function of inverter INVT
At maximum power point, this namely power limitation optimizer CH10 work are optimizing the output electric current and output voltage setting of PV10
The example of mode MPP-MOD.The work of first kind power optimization device can give the secondary MPPT of inverter in direct mode operation DIC-MOD
The power margin of reserved achievable maximum power tracing, if secondary MPPT lacks what multiple power levels optimizer CH1-CH10 was reserved
The secondary MPPT of power margin then inverter is difficult the voltage and current of DC bus being located in maximum power point and fail.?
In optional embodiment, photovoltaic module of the first kind power optimization device more properly with the fluctuation of relatively high power frequent occurrence is matched, and
Second class power optimization device is then more properly matched with the relatively stable photovoltaic module of power.To be attached in distributed residential housing
Photovoltaic module for, frequent occurrence relatively high power fluctuation photovoltaic module be usually be easy by trees or other buildings of periphery
Component those of is blocked, the metastable photovoltaic module of power is often the component that those of roof is not easy to block on house.
Referring to fig. 4, in certain embodiments when facing power reduces event: one or more in multiple power levels optimizer
The prescribed limit V of a output voltage at themselvesL-VHInterior some expection voltage value of selection such as VH, this expected electricity chosen
Pressure value than because power optimization device caused by power reduction event output voltage to estimate voltage value slightly lower, to reduce mother
Tandem voltage on line.For example some power optimization device is forced to output it voltage and about maintains greatly because power reduces event
In the voltage of estimating of high predetermined value, but reality is controlled and exports some lower expection voltage value.Multistage is mentioned above
Power optimization device CH1-CH10 and inverter INVT etc. can pass through the communication of carrier wave or wireless mode, multiple power levels optimizer
The data such as respective output power and output voltage are sent to inverter INVT by CH1-CH10, and as alternative embodiment, it is inverse
Bus current can be configured according to the output power of these output voltage values and photovoltaic module PV1-PVN by becoming device INVT.It is optional
, conduct on bus can be individually coupled in by being arranged to the voltage regulator (Voltage Regulator) 250 on DC bus
Independent equipment or it is integrated in component part in inverter INVT as inverter.Although allowing the voltage of DC bus
VBUSThe floating risen or fallen, but as option, preferably using the voltage of voltage regulator limitation DC bus predetermined
Upper limit value and lower limit value VUP-VDWWithin the scope of float.
Referring to Fig. 6, in the power optimized system containing double optimization, when enabling double optimization function by each
The dynamic change voltage of the corresponding photovoltaic module PV1-PV2 of a kind of power optimization device such as power optimization device CH1-CH2 is to reality
Now DC bus-bar voltage is modulated in the form that voltage floats.The generation mechanism of the dynamic change voltage of photovoltaic module PV1-PV2 can
Can be it is various, the variation of the height of light radiation or be blocked, temperature change all may cause the output voltage of photovoltaic module
There is more apparent fluctuation with output electric current.The work of first kind power optimization device is in direct mode operation DIC-MOD so leading to first
The dynamic change voltage that the corresponding photovoltaic module of class power optimization device is exported is directly fed back on bus.
Referring to Fig. 7, first kind power optimization device works in direct mode operation DIC-MOD: as power optimization device CHK is classified as
First kind power optimization device, power optimization device CHK by its configure processor 300 control or driving and work in straight-through mould
When formula, power optimization device CHK is coupled to the first input end IN of photovoltaic module PVK anode1It is directly coupled to provide output electricity
First output end NO of pressure1For example switch S1 is connected with S4 and switch S2 and S3 are turned off, so that the electricity as high frequency switch power
The input voltage of pressure converter namely power optimization device CHK are equal to output voltage.Be coupled to photovoltaic module PVK cathode second is defeated
Enter to hold IN2It is attached directly to provide the second output terminal NO of output voltage2。
Referring to Fig. 8, power optimization device CHK no longer uses step-up/step-down circuit, but reduction voltage circuit is topological.It is embodied in drop
The first input end IN of volt circuit input side1It is coupled to photovoltaic module PVK anode and the second input terminal IN2It is coupled to photovoltaic module
At the negative pole end of PVK.First output end NO of reduction voltage circuit outlet side1With second output terminal NO2Between provide output voltage and turn
Change power.Power switch SW and inductance L1 is connected on the second input terminal IN of reduction voltage circuit2With second output terminal NO2Between, first
Input terminal IN1It is directly coupled to the first output end NO1.One end of power switch SW and the second input terminal IN2Connected but power switch
The opposite other end of SW and the first input end IN of reduction voltage circuit1Between be connected with diode DI, the anode of diode DI is connected to
The node interconnected between power switch SW and inductance L1, and the cathode for also setting up diode DI is connected to first input end IN1。
The pulse-modulated signal PWM that the pulse width modulator 302 that the processor 300 of power optimization device configuration has issues can be used for driving
The off/on of power switch SW can also reinforce the driving capability of modulated signal, driver using the driver 400 in figure
The driving signal D5 of 400 outputs is applied to the grid control terminal of power switch SW.Still it is worked with first kind power optimization device
Explanation is illustrated for direct mode operation DIC-MOD: power optimization device CHK is classified as first kind power optimization device, power optimization
Device CHK by its processor 300 configured control or driving and when working in direct mode operation so that the second input terminal IN2Directly
It is connected to second output terminal NO in succession2For example we control power switch SW and are switched on, at this time as the voltage of high frequency switch power
The input voltage of converter namely power optimization device CHK are equal to output voltage.
Referring to Fig. 6, in the corresponding photovoltaic group of one or more first kind power optimization device such as power optimization device CH1-CH2
Power, which occurs, for part such as photovoltaic module PV1-PV2 reduces event, and causes one or more second class power optimization device such as function
The output voltage V of rate optimizer CH10O10It is forced to be raised to and tend to beyond prescribed limit VL-VHWhen, the second class power optimization device
Such as power optimization device CH10 by its processor 300 configured control and by output voltage VO10It limits within the specified scope
One expection voltage value.If the output voltage V for the power optimization device CH10 that leavesO10Uncontrolled random fluctuation, photovoltaic module
Power reduction event, which occurs, for PV1-PV2 may cause output voltage VO10It is forced to rise above high predetermined value VHSome estimate
Voltage, actively to output voltage VO10It is controlled, clamps down on output voltage VO10Reality is equal to some lower expection voltage value, and
And meet prescribed limit VL-VH。
Referring to Fig. 6, by taking photovoltaic module PV1-PV10 and power optimization device CH1-CH10 as an example, one or more first kind function
The power swing of the corresponding photovoltaic module of rate optimizer causes the voltage V of DC busBUSIt floats.Event is reduced in power
Certain moment, photovoltaic module PV1 is blocked, photovoltaic module PV10 is not blocked, one or more second class power optimization devices
As corresponding photovoltaic module such as photovoltaic module PV10 is maintained work in maximum power dotted state by power optimization device CH10.Prime
Optimization is mainly the MPPT function of the processor 300 of configurations such as power optimization device CH10 by the output voltage of photovoltaic module PV10 etc.
It is arranged with electric current in maximum power point, the double optimization function of enabling inverter is primarily referred to as the voltage and current of bus at this time
It is arranged in maximum power point.Concatenated photovoltaic module PV1-PV10 can be allowed to generate output power as much as possible, make to be conveyed to
The power of energy collecting device such as inverter INVT maximizes.
Referring to Fig. 6, certain moment that event occurs is reduced in power, it is assumed that photovoltaic module PV1-PV2 is blocked but light
Volt component PV3-PV10 is not blocked.One in remaining other photovoltaic modulies PV3-PV10 of power reduction event does not occur
Or multiple controlled by corresponding power optimization device CH3-CH10 from maximum power dotted state is switched to non-maximum power dotted state.It is false
If the photovoltaic module PV8-PV9 chosen is in non-maximum power dotted state, i.e., the output voltage of photovoltaic module is below or above most
The corresponding voltage of high-power point, be still photovoltaic module PV1-PV10 it is respective to external power addition be calculated general power it
With, photovoltaic module PV8-PV9 is switched to non-maximum power dotted state, then enter non-maximum power dotted state photovoltaic module PV8-
The share shared in a series of the sum of photovoltaic module PV1-PV10 general power provided to external power of PV9 output reduces.?
In one embodiment, occur in the corresponding photovoltaic module of one or more first kind electric pressure converters such as photovoltaic module PV1-PV2
When power reduces event, the processor for triggering one or more second class electric pressure converter configurations controls one or more second classes
Corresponding photovoltaic module such as photovoltaic module PV8-PV9 is switched to non-maximum power point from maximum power dotted state by electric pressure converter
State.For example, photovoltaic module PV1-PV2 is blocked and power reduces the output electricity that may cause power optimization device CH8-CH9
Pressure is more than VH, in such cases: enter non-maximum power dotted state photovoltaic module PV8-PV9 export to external power in a system
Shared share reduces in the sum of general power that column photovoltaic module PV1-PV10 is provided, and can be lowered into non-maximum power whereby
The voltage output value V of the corresponding power optimization device CH8-CH9 itself of the photovoltaic module PV8-PV9 of dotted state8Or V9In tandem voltage
V1+V2…V10In ratio, specification V will not be exceeded with the output voltage for ensureing corresponding power optimization device CH8-CH9L-VH。
This is a kind of half-way house for saving power optimization device security level from damage in such a way that active loss section distributes electricity.Power optimization
The control for the processor that device is configured by it is come to determine that photovoltaic module is in maximum power point be also non-maximum power point, processor
Enabling MPPT maximum power point tracking calculation function then can control power optimization device and go to execute maximum power tracing, and processor does not enable
MPPT maximum power point tracking calculation function and be only used only common voltage modulated then can control power optimization device implement it is common
Power conversion.
Referring to Fig. 6, the voltage V of DC bus is limitedBUSIn scheduled upper limit value VUPWith lower limit value VDWDynamic is floating in range
It is dynamic, certain moment that event occurs is reduced in power, by taking photovoltaic module PV1 is blocked and photovoltaic module PV10 is not blocked as an example.
In DC bus-bar voltage VBUSIt drops to and tends to be nearly equal to lower limit value VDWWhen: power does not occur reduces other remaining photovoltaics of event
Component one or more of is worked as, and is controlled by corresponding power optimization device from maximum power dotted state and is switched to non-maximum power point
State.Such as photovoltaic module PV10 is controlled that from maximum power dotted state to be switched to non-maximum power dotted by power optimization device CH10
State, output voltage deviate the corresponding voltage of maximum power point, it is therefore an objective to force at this time a series of photovoltaic module PV1-PV10 mention
The bus current that the general power of confession is calculated divided by DC bus-bar voltage current value at this time declines.The decline of bus current
Be to refer to: photovoltaic module PV10 is in the calculated bus current of non-maximum power dotted state institute and is in than photovoltaic module PV10
The bus current that maximum power point state computation goes out wants low, it is clear that this is because photovoltaic module PV10 is dotted from maximum power
State is switched to non-maximum power dotted state, then the external output power of photovoltaic module PV10 necessarily declines.In certain embodiments,
Power reduction event, which occurs, in the corresponding DC power supply of one or more first kind electric pressure converters such as photovoltaic module PV1 causes
DC bus-bar voltage drops to when tending to close to lower limit value, triggers the processor of one or more second class electric pressure converters configurations
Control one or more second class electric pressure converters corresponding DC power supply such as photovoltaic module PV10 is dotted from maximum power
State is switched to non-maximum power dotted state.Allow for: enter non-maximum power dotted state photovoltaic module export to external work
Rate reduces, and a series of the sum of general power for causing photovoltaic module PV1-PV10 to provide reduces so that the general power in this stage divided by
The bus current decline that the actual voltage value (closely or even equal to lower limit value) of DC bus-bar voltage at this time is calculated, example
In this way because reducing the power into the photovoltaic module PV10 of non-maximum power dotted state etc..The practical electricity of DC bus-bar voltage
Pressure value then illustrates the elastic space that it has not declined again close to lower limit value.And enter the photovoltaic group of non-maximum power dotted state
Part PV10 obtained after reducing to external power divided by the bus current after above-mentioned be reduced, approximately equal to enter non-maximum power
The output voltage V of power optimization device CH10 corresponding to the photovoltaic module PV10 of dotted state10, output voltage V in such cases10
Be easily achieved can be controlled be limited at regulating scope VL-VHIt is interior.By contrast, if photovoltaic module PV10 is still maintained
In maximum power dotted state, then the output voltage V of power optimization device CH1010Be likely to be forced is lifted to far beyond regulation
Specification VL-VH, especially DC bus-bar voltage without any elastic space to float downwards when, photovoltaic module PV1 etc. lose
The more more then output voltage V of power10To compensate more voltages.Although equally having power loss, this is also a kind of
Save the half-way house of power optimization device security level from damage in such a way that active loss section distributes electricity.
Above by the content of description and accompanying drawings, the exemplary embodiments of the specific structure of specific embodiment are given, on
It states invention and proposes existing preferred embodiment, but these contents are not intended as limiting to.For a person skilled in the art
After reading the above description, various changes and modifications undoubtedly will be evident.Therefore, appended claims should regard culvert as
Cover whole variations and modifications of true intention and range of the invention.The model of any and all equivalences in Claims scope
It encloses and content, is all considered as still belonging to the intent and scope of the invention.
Claims (26)
1. a kind of power optimized system containing double optimization characterized by comprising
Concatenated multilevel voltage converter；
The electric energy captured from a corresponding DC power supply is converted into output power by every voltage order one converter；
The respective output voltage of multilevel voltage converter, which is superimposed, uses it as DC bus-bar voltage；
Every voltage order one converter is used to exist in the output electric current of a corresponding DC power supply and output voltage setting
Maximum power point；
Receive the energy collection device for the output power that multilevel voltage converter provides, the double optimization of energy collection device configuration
Function is used to for DC bus-bar voltage and DC bus current being arranged in maximum power point.
2. the power optimized system according to claim 1 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
Charger of the energy collection device including at least inverter or to charge the battery.
3. the power optimized system according to claim 1 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
The energy collection device includes inverter:
The pure contravariant equipment of no maximum power tracing is regarded as when closing the double optimization function of inverter；Or
The contravariant equipment equipped with second level maximum power tracing is regarded as when enabling the double optimization function of inverter.
4. the power optimized system according to claim 3 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
When closing the double optimization function of inverter, each of multilevel voltage converter is all straight by corresponding one
The output electric current and output voltage setting in galvanic electricity source are in maximum power point.
5. the power optimized system according to claim 3 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
First kind electric pressure converter and the second class electric pressure converter are defined in multilevel voltage converter, they include capturing directly
First, second output end of itself output power of the first, second input terminal and offer of the electric energy that galvanic electricity source provides；
When enabling the double optimization function of inverter, meet:
The first input end that first kind electric pressure converter couples it to a corresponding DC power anode is directly shorted
With through to the first output end；And
The second input terminal that first kind electric pressure converter couples it to a corresponding DC power cathode is directly shorted
With through to second output terminal.
6. the power optimized system according to claim 5 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
When enabling the double optimization function of inverter, also meet:
Second class electric pressure converter is used to exist in the output electric current of a corresponding DC power supply and output voltage setting
Maximum power point.
7. the power optimized system according to claim 5 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
When enabling the double optimization function of inverter, also meet:
It is floated by the dynamic change voltage of the corresponding DC power supply of each first kind electric pressure converter to realization with voltage
Form modulates DC bus-bar voltage.
8. the power optimized system according to claim 7 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
The type of DC power supply includes at least fuel cell or photovoltaic module.
9. the power optimized system according to claim 7 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
By the DC bus-bar voltage for the voltage regulator control dynamic change being coupled on DC bus without departing from scheduled
Upper limit value and lower limit value range；
Voltage regulator is individually arranged on DC bus or being integrated in the energy collection device.
10. the power optimized system according to claim 6 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
Power reduction event occurs in the corresponding DC power supply of one or more first kind electric pressure converters and causes one or more
The output voltage of a second class electric pressure converter is forced to be raised to when tending to beyond prescribed limit, the second class electric pressure converter by
The control of its processor configured and output voltage is limited into an expection voltage value within the specified scope.
11. the power optimized system according to claim 6 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
When power, which occurs, for the corresponding DC power supply of one or more first kind electric pressure converters reduces event, one or more the
The corresponding DC power supply of two class electric pressure converters maintains work in maximum power dotted state.
12. the power optimized system according to claim 6 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
When power, which occurs, for the corresponding DC power supply of one or more first kind electric pressure converters reduces event, one or more the
The corresponding DC power supply of two class electric pressure converters is switched to non-maximum power dotted state from maximum power dotted state；
So that into non-maximum power dotted state DC power supply export to external power in multilevel voltage converter corresponding one
Shared share reduces in the sum of general power that serial DC power supply provides.
13. the power optimized system as claimed in claim 6 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
It limits DC bus-bar voltage to float within the scope of scheduled upper limit value and lower limit value, turn in one or more first kind voltages
When power, which occurs, for the corresponding DC power supply of parallel operation reduces event and causes DC bus-bar voltage to drop to tend to close to lower limit value；
So that the corresponding DC power supply of the second class electric pressure converter of one or more is switched to non-maximum from maximum power dotted state
Power dotted state forces the general power that a series of corresponding DC power supplies of multilevel voltage converter provide at this time divided by DC bus
The calculated bus current decline of voltage.
14. the power optimized system according to claim 1 containing double optimization, it is characterised in that:
The electric pressure converter includes:
The first and second switches being connected between the first and second input terminals for receiving the voltage source that DC power supply provides；
The third and fourth switch being connected between the first and second output ends that output voltage is provided；
Inductance element is equipped between the interconnecting nodes of the first and second switch rooms and the interconnecting nodes of the third and fourth switch room
And second input terminal be coupled to second output terminal.
15. a kind of power optimization method characterized by comprising
Multilevel voltage converter is connected in series；
The electric energy of a corresponding photovoltaic module is captured using every voltage order one converter and is converted into output power；
The superposition respective output voltage of multilevel voltage converter forms total tandem voltage and as DC bus-bar voltage；
A corresponding photovoltaic module is set at maximum power point by every voltage order one converter；
The output power that multilevel voltage converter provides is collected by the energy collection device configured with double optimization function, and
Energy collection device enables double optimization function by choosing whether and chooses whether DC bus-bar voltage and DC bus electricity
Stream is arranged at maximum power point.
16. according to the method for claim 15, it is characterised in that:
Charger of the energy collection device including at least inverter or to charge the battery.
17. according to the method for claim 15, it is characterised in that:
The energy collection device includes inverter, the method further include:
The double optimization function of closing inverter, is set to the pure contravariant equipment of no maximum power tracing；Or
The double optimization function of enabling inverter, is set to the contravariant equipment equipped with second level maximum power tracing.
18. according to the method for claim 17, it is characterised in that:
Close the double optimization function of inverter, the maximum power that each of multilevel voltage converter is all had by it with
Track function and by the output electric current of a corresponding photovoltaic module and output voltage setting in maximum power point.
19. according to the method for claim 17, it is characterised in that:
First kind electric pressure converter and the second class electric pressure converter are defined in multilevel voltage converter, they include capturing light
It lies prostrate the first, second input terminal of the electric energy that component provides and the first, second output end of itself output power is provided；
Enable the double optimization function of inverter, the method further include:
First kind electric pressure converter by its configuration processor control, and couple it to a corresponding photovoltaic module
The first input end of anode is directly shorted and through to the first output end；And
First kind electric pressure converter by its configuration processor control, and couple it to a corresponding photovoltaic module
Second input terminal of cathode is directly shorted and through to second output terminal.
20. according to the method for claim 19, it is characterised in that:
Enable the double optimization function of inverter, the method further include:
The maximal power tracing function that second class electric pressure converter is all had by it is by a corresponding photovoltaic module
Output electric current and output voltage setting in maximum power point.
21. according to the method for claim 19, it is characterised in that:
Enable the double optimization function of inverter, the method further include:
Dynamic change voltage by the corresponding photovoltaic module output of each first kind electric pressure converter is floating with voltage to realize
Dynamic form modulates DC bus-bar voltage.
22. according to the method for claim 21, it is characterised in that:
One voltage regulator is set on DC bus, for controlling the DC bus-bar voltage of dynamic change without departing from scheduled
Upper limit value and lower limit value range；
Voltage regulator is individually set on DC bus or is directly integrated in inverter.
23. according to the method for claim 20, it is characterised in that:
Power reduction event occurs in the corresponding photovoltaic module of one or more first kind electric pressure converters and causes one or more
The output voltage of a second class electric pressure converter is forced to be raised to when tending to beyond prescribed limit；
The processor for triggering the configuration of the second class electric pressure converter, which is controlled, is limited to rule for the output voltage of the second class electric pressure converter
Determine an expection voltage value in range.
24. according to the method for claim 20, it is characterised in that:
When power, which occurs, for the corresponding photovoltaic module of one or more first kind electric pressure converters reduces event, one or more the
The processor of two class electric pressure converters configuration controls one or more second class electric pressure converters and maintains corresponding photovoltaic module
Work is in maximum power dotted state.
25. according to the method for claim 20, it is characterised in that:
When power, which occurs, for the corresponding photovoltaic module of one or more first kind electric pressure converters reduces event, one or more is triggered
The processor of a second class electric pressure converter configuration controls one or more second class electric pressure converters for corresponding photovoltaic module
Non- maximum power dotted state is switched to from maximum power dotted state；
So that into non-maximum power dotted state photovoltaic module export to external power in multilevel voltage converter corresponding one
Shared share reduces in the sum of general power that series photovoltaic component provides.
26. according to the method for claim 20, it is characterised in that:
It limits DC bus-bar voltage to float within the scope of scheduled upper limit value and lower limit value, turn in one or more first kind voltages
When power, which occurs, for the corresponding photovoltaic module of parallel operation reduces event and causes DC bus-bar voltage to drop to tend to close to lower limit value；
The processor for triggering one or more second class electric pressure converter configurations controls one or more second class electric pressure converters
Corresponding photovoltaic module is switched to non-maximum power dotted state from maximum power dotted state, forces multilevel voltage converter at this time
The general power that a series of corresponding photovoltaic modulies provide declines divided by the calculated bus current of DC bus-bar voltage.
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