CN109668596B - Bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing - Google Patents

Bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing Download PDF

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CN109668596B
CN109668596B CN201910085738.5A CN201910085738A CN109668596B CN 109668596 B CN109668596 B CN 109668596B CN 201910085738 A CN201910085738 A CN 201910085738A CN 109668596 B CN109668596 B CN 109668596B
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cage
bearing
fiber grating
measuring device
strain
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CN109668596A (en
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温保岗
韩清凯
杨磊
张旭
陶学恒
翟敬宇
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Shandong Camery Kmr Bearing Science & Technology Co ltd
Shandong Kubo Bearing Technology Co ltd
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Dalian Polytechnic University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于滚动轴承测试试验技术领域，具体涉及一种基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置。该装置包括轴承保持架测量装置、驱动装置、轴承箱、径向加载装置和轴向加载装置。轴承保持架测量装置包括光纤光栅传感器、光纤光栅信号传输装置、附加质量补偿装置和待测轴承。本发明实现保持架应变、温度多测点分布式同步测量，用于研究应变、温度内在的关联关系；本发明所采用的光纤光栅传感具有一线多点和灵敏度高、体积小优点，对保持架的附加影响小；本发明综合采用光滑环和特殊传输支架实现传感器信号传输，相对采用应变片采用的电滑环具有体积小、质量轻等优点，减小对保持架测量结果的影响。

Figure 201910085738

The invention belongs to the technical field of rolling bearing testing and testing, in particular to a bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing. The device includes a bearing cage measuring device, a driving device, a bearing housing, a radial loading device and an axial loading device. The bearing cage measuring device includes a fiber grating sensor, a fiber grating signal transmission device, an additional mass compensation device and a bearing to be measured. The invention realizes distributed synchronous measurement of cage strain and temperature at multiple measuring points, and is used to study the intrinsic relationship between strain and temperature; the fiber grating sensor used in the The additional influence of the frame is small; the invention comprehensively adopts the smooth ring and the special transmission bracket to realize the sensor signal transmission, and has the advantages of small size and light weight compared with the electric slip ring used by the strain gauge, and reduces the influence on the measurement result of the cage.

Figure 201910085738

Description

基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置Bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing

技术领域technical field

本发明属于滚动轴承测试试验技术领域，具体涉及一种基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of rolling bearing testing and testing, in particular to a bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing.

背景技术Background technique

滚动轴承是重大装备的重要基础零部件，其性能与寿命直接影响装备的工作性能、可靠性和安全性。滚动轴承通常由外圈、内圈、钢球和保持架四个部分构成。保持架是其核心零件，起到圆周方向均匀隔开钢球，引导钢球轮流承受载荷作用，其动态力学性能和温度特性决定着轴承的性能和寿命。而其中试验获得轴承保持架的动态力学特性以及温度性能，对于改善保持架受力、温升乃至提高轴承寿命起着至关重要的作用。Rolling bearing is an important basic component of major equipment, and its performance and life directly affect the working performance, reliability and safety of the equipment. Rolling bearings are usually composed of four parts: outer ring, inner ring, steel ball and cage. The cage is its core part, which plays the role of evenly spacing the steel balls in the circumferential direction and guiding the steel balls to bear the load in turn. Its dynamic mechanical properties and temperature characteristics determine the performance and life of the bearing. Among them, the dynamic mechanical characteristics and temperature performance of the bearing cage obtained by the test play a crucial role in improving the cage force, temperature rise and even improving the bearing life.

国内外学者和研究人员针对滚动轴承保持架的测试或测量开展一些研究，主要分为外观尺寸的静态测量(单独保持架非旋转态)，保持架的运动、温度、受力的动态测量(安装在轴承，旋转态下)。静态测量方面，如保持架中心高测量装置(201310607478.6)、推力调心滚子轴承保持架兜孔测量方法，(201710620757)、一种保持架的兜孔测量工装及测量方法(201711455714.1)、一种轴承保持架检测仪(201720482597.7)仅是针对尺寸形状公差进行测量，非旋转动态测量。Scholars and researchers at home and abroad have carried out some research on the testing or measurement of rolling bearing cages, which are mainly divided into static measurement of appearance size (non-rotating state of the cage alone), dynamic measurement of motion, temperature and force of the cage (installed in bearing, rotating). In terms of static measurement, such as cage center height measurement device (201310607478.6), thrust spherical roller bearing cage pocket measurement method, (201710620757), a cage pocket measurement tool and measurement method (201711455714.1), a The bearing cage tester (201720482597.7) is only for measurement of dimensional and shape tolerances, non-rotational dynamic measurement.

国内外学者高度重视轴承保持架测量试验研究，以获得保持架真实原位数据，测量主要集中在运动、应变、温度等方面。运动方面主要采用电涡流传感器(角接触球轴承保持架动态性能试验装置(201210336882.X)、一种测量滚动轴承保持架涡动的磁阻传感器(201420538645.6))和激光位移传感器(一种基于误差分离技术的轴承保持架运动轨迹测量方法(201510429931.8)和配对轴承差动保持架动态特性试验装置(201710040221.5))。Scholars at home and abroad attach great importance to the bearing cage measurement test research to obtain the real in-situ data of the cage. The measurement mainly focuses on motion, strain, temperature and so on. In terms of motion, eddy current sensors (angular contact ball bearing cage dynamic performance test device (201210336882.X), a magnetoresistive sensor for measuring the eddy motion of rolling bearing cages (201420538645.6)) and laser displacement sensors (an error separation based Technical bearing cage motion trajectory measurement method (201510429931.8) and paired bearing differential cage dynamic characteristics test device (201710040221.5)).

保持架应变测量方面则多是采用应变片并结合电滑环传输信号，温度方面采用热电偶或红外传感器测量。由于保持架结构空间限制以及转速与内外圈的差异，使保持架测量传感器布置及旋转态信号传输存在很大难度，导致现有保持架温度测量多为单点、应变采用多应变传感器(SKF、TIMKEN)进行多点测量，但需要多通道电滑环传输，导致其体积和质量大，增加保持架附加质量，而且没有进行有效补偿，使旋转过程中测量结果并不能反映真实工作状态，测量误差大，因此多测点与测量精度存在矛盾。实际过程中，保持架除了与多个滚动体接触外，还与引导套圈存在摩擦与接触，保持架与各个滚动体、引导套圈处的应变、温度均存在着差异，单一温度和应变测量不能反映保持架特性，而且目前多是保持架应变以及温度等参数的单独测量，不能实现同步测量，难以获得应变、温度同步数据，导致保持架应变、温度间关联关系不明确，因此迫切一种能够实现轴承保持架应变、温度多测点同步测量的实验装置。In terms of cage strain measurement, strain gauges are mostly used in conjunction with electric slip rings to transmit signals. In terms of temperature, thermocouples or infrared sensors are used to measure. Due to the limited space of the cage structure and the difference between the rotational speed and the inner and outer rings, it is very difficult to arrange the cage measurement sensor and transmit the rotating state signal. TIMKEN) for multi-point measurement, but it requires multi-channel electric slip ring transmission, which leads to its large volume and mass, increases the additional mass of the cage, and does not perform effective compensation, so that the measurement results during the rotation process cannot reflect the real working state, measurement error Therefore, there is a contradiction between multiple measurement points and measurement accuracy. In the actual process, in addition to contacting with multiple rolling elements, the cage also has friction and contact with the guide ferrule. There are differences in the strain and temperature between the cage and each rolling element and the guide ferrule. A single temperature and strain measurement It cannot reflect the characteristics of the cage, and most of the parameters such as cage strain and temperature are measured separately at present. Synchronous measurement cannot be achieved, and it is difficult to obtain synchronous data of strain and temperature, resulting in unclear relationship between cage strain and temperature. An experimental device that can realize simultaneous measurement of bearing cage strain and temperature at multiple measuring points.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明旨在解决现有技术中上述不足，提出一种基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置，实现基于光纤光栅传感的保持架应变、温度多测点分布式同步测量，设置旋转态传输附加质量补偿装置，在满足保持架应变、温度多点同步测量同时，减小对测量结果影响，保证保持架测量精度。The invention aims to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and proposes a bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing, which realizes distributed synchronous measurement of cage strain and temperature based on fiber grating sensing, and sets the rotation state. The additional mass compensation device is transmitted, which can reduce the influence on the measurement results and ensure the measurement accuracy of the cage while satisfying the multi-point synchronous measurement of cage strain and temperature.

为了达到上述目的，本发明采用了以下的技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

一种基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置，包括轴承保持架测量装置1、驱动装置2、轴承箱3、径向加载装置4和轴向加载装置5；A bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing, comprising a bearing cage measuring device 1, a driving device 2, a bearing housing 3, a radial loading device 4 and an axial loading device 5;

所述轴承保持架测量装置1，包括光纤光栅传感器11、光纤光栅信号传输装置12、附加质量补偿装置13和待测轴承14；所述待测轴承14为滚动轴承；所述光纤光栅传感器11布置在待测轴承14保持架兜孔周围和引导面上，用于测量应变和温度信息，包括应变测点111、温度测点112以及光纤信号线一113；在兜孔周围的测点中，保持架表面不粘贴的光纤光栅传感器11作为温度测点112，用于测量兜孔温度，其余的光纤光栅传感器11通过粘贴方式贴附在兜孔周围，作为应变测点111；保持架引导面上采用同样的布置方式，光纤光栅传感器11在保持架引导面上，构成多个应变测点111和温度测点112，测点位置避开与保持架套圈接触区域，避免接触、摩擦导致传感器失效或光纤断裂；所述光纤信号线一113用于连接应变测点111和温度测点112，实现信号的传输；The bearing cage measuring device 1 includes a fiber grating sensor 11, a fiber grating signal transmission device 12, an additional mass compensation device 13 and a bearing to be tested 14; the bearing to be tested 14 is a rolling bearing; the fiber grating sensor 11 is arranged in the The bearing 14 under test is used around the cage pocket and on the guide surface to measure strain and temperature information, including strain measurement points 111, temperature measurement points 112, and optical fiber signal line 1 113; in the measurement points around the pocket, the cage The fiber grating sensor 11 that is not pasted on the surface is used as the temperature measuring point 112 to measure the temperature of the pocket, and the other fiber grating sensors 11 are attached around the pocket by sticking as the strain measuring point 111; the same is used on the guide surface of the cage. The fiber grating sensor 11 is arranged on the guide surface of the cage to form a plurality of strain measuring points 111 and temperature measuring points 112. The position of the measuring points avoids the contact area with the cage ferrule, so as to avoid the sensor failure or fiber caused by contact and friction. broken; the optical fiber signal line one 113 is used to connect the strain measuring point 111 and the temperature measuring point 112 to realize signal transmission;

所述光纤光栅信号传输装置12用于实现旋转态下保持架信号的传输，包括光纤信号线二121、传输支架122和光滑环123；所述光纤信号线二121与保持架传感器的光纤信号线一113为一根线；所述传输支架122用于固定和安装光纤信号线二121和光滑环123，使其随着保持架旋转；所述传输支架122为3D打印超轻材料，设有偶数对称式独立连接架1222；所述连接架1222为爪型结构，其前端面为连接端面1221，采用粘贴方式与保持架侧面固定连接；多个连接架1222另一端由一圆轴1223汇聚；所述的圆轴1223设有中孔1224，用于光滑环123旋转端的安装，并采用顶丝或过盈配合固定；所述中孔1224内部采用粘贴方式固定光纤信号线二121；所述光滑环123包括旋转端和静止端，用于待测轴承14保持架旋转态信号与静止采集器信号传输；The fiber grating signal transmission device 12 is used to realize the transmission of the cage signal in the rotating state, and includes the second fiber signal line 121, the transmission bracket 122 and the smooth ring 123; the fiber signal line two 121 and the fiber signal line of the cage sensor One 113 is a line; the transmission bracket 122 is used to fix and install the optical fiber signal line two 121 and the smooth ring 123, so that it rotates with the holder; the transmission bracket 122 is a 3D printing ultra-light material, with an even number Symmetrical independent connecting frame 1222; the connecting frame 1222 is a claw-shaped structure, and its front end surface is a connecting end face 1221, which is fixedly connected to the side of the holder by sticking; the other ends of the plurality of connecting frames 1222 are converged by a circular shaft 1223; The circular shaft 1223 is provided with a middle hole 1224, which is used for the installation of the rotating end of the smooth ring 123, and is fixed by a top wire or interference fit; the middle hole 1224 is used to fix the optical fiber signal line 2 121 by sticking; the smooth ring 123 includes a rotating end and a static end, which are used for the transmission of the rotating state signal of the cage of the bearing to be tested and the signal of the static collector;

所述附加质量补偿装置13用于补偿光纤光栅传输装置增加保持架附加质量，减小与真实工作状态差异导致的测量误差，由两个内径不同的圆环一131和圆环二132构成，圆环一131内径与保持架直径相配合，圆环一131端面采用粘贴方式与保持架侧面固定连接，圆环二132内径小于圆环一131内径；通过圆环一131和圆环二132组合用于补偿光纤光栅信号传输装置12的附加质量和转动惯量；即The additional mass compensation device 13 is used to compensate the fiber grating transmission device to increase the additional mass of the cage and reduce the measurement error caused by the difference with the actual working state. The inner diameter of ring 1 131 matches the diameter of the cage, the end face of ring 1 131 is fixedly connected to the side of the cage by sticking, and the inner diameter of ring 2 132 is smaller than the inner diameter of ring 1 131; For compensating the additional mass and moment of inertia of the fiber grating signal transmission device 12; namely

mb＝mg，Ib＝Ig m b =m g , I b =I g

式中，mb和Ib为附加质量补偿装置13的附加质量和转动惯量；mg和Ig为光纤光栅信号传输装置12的附加质量和转动惯量；In the formula, m b and I b are the additional mass and moment of inertia of the additional mass compensation device 13; m g and I g are the additional mass and moment of inertia of the fiber grating signal transmission device 12;

所述轴承保持架测量装置1置于轴承箱3内，左端与驱动装置2连接，所述驱动装置2用于驱动待测轴承14旋转；所述轴承箱3右侧设有圆盘，用于支撑固定光滑环123的静止端，避免静止端的转动；所述径向加载装置4安装在轴承保持架测量装置1上方，用于给轴承施加径向载荷，包括径向加载螺栓41和径向力传感器42，径向加载螺栓41从轴承箱3上端穿入，与径向力传感器42螺纹连接；所述轴向加载装置5安装在轴承保持架测量装置1右侧，用于给轴承施加轴向载荷，包括轴向加载螺栓51和轴向力传感器52，轴向加载螺栓51从轴承箱3右侧穿入，与轴向力传感器52螺纹连接；所述径向加载螺栓41、轴向加载螺栓51用于施加载荷，径向力传感器42、轴向力传感器52用于测量力的大小；所述轴向加载装置5共两个，采用双轴向加载方式，使滚动轴承中部位置空置，避开传输支架122和光滑环123。The bearing cage measuring device 1 is placed in the bearing box 3, and the left end is connected to the driving device 2, and the driving device 2 is used to drive the bearing 14 to be measured to rotate; the right side of the bearing box 3 is provided with a disc for The stationary end of the fixed smooth ring 123 is supported to avoid the rotation of the stationary end; the radial loading device 4 is installed above the bearing cage measuring device 1 to apply radial load to the bearing, including the radial loading bolt 41 and radial force The sensor 42, the radial loading bolt 41 penetrates from the upper end of the bearing housing 3, and is threadedly connected with the radial force sensor 42; the axial loading device 5 is installed on the right side of the bearing cage measuring device 1, and is used to apply axial force to the bearing. The load includes an axial load bolt 51 and an axial force sensor 52. The axial load bolt 51 penetrates from the right side of the bearing housing 3 and is threadedly connected to the axial force sensor 52; the radial load bolt 41 and the axial load bolt 51 is used to apply the load, the radial force sensor 42 and the axial force sensor 52 are used to measure the magnitude of the force; there are two axial loading devices 5 in total, and the double-axial loading method is adopted, so that the middle position of the rolling bearing is vacant, avoiding Transmission bracket 122 and smooth ring 123.

所述兜孔应变测点111在兜孔上沿保持架旋转方向的前侧和后侧各布置一个，用于获得保持架兜孔前后处的接触受力信息。The pocket strain measuring points 111 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the cage along the rotation direction of the cage, respectively, for obtaining the contact force information at the front and rear of the cage pocket.

所述独立连接架1222为四个或六个。The number of the independent connecting frames 1222 is four or six.

所述驱动装置2为驱动电机。The drive device 2 is a drive motor.

本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1)本发明提出基于光纤光栅传感的保持架测量装置，实现保持架应变、温度多测点分布式同步测量，用于研究应变、温度内在的关联关系；(2)本发明所采用的光纤光栅传感具有一线多点和灵敏度高、体积小优点，对保持架的附加影响小；(3)本发明综合采用光滑环和特殊传输支架实现传感器信号传输，相对采用应变片采用的电滑环具有体积小、质量轻等优点，减小对保持架测量结果的影响；(4)本发明所提出旋转态传输附加质量补偿，进一步减小对测量结果影响，使保持架测量结果更加准确。(1) The present invention proposes a cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing, which realizes the distributed synchronous measurement of cage strain and temperature at multiple measuring points, and is used to study the intrinsic relationship between strain and temperature; (2) The present invention adopts The fiber grating sensor has the advantages of multiple points in one line, high sensitivity and small size, and has little additional influence on the cage; (3) the present invention comprehensively adopts a smooth ring and a special transmission bracket to realize the sensor signal transmission, compared with the electric sliding device using the strain gauge. The ring has the advantages of small size and light weight, which reduces the influence on the measurement result of the cage; (4) The additional mass compensation of the rotating state transmission proposed in the present invention further reduces the influence on the measurement result and makes the measurement result of the cage more accurate.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing;

图2(a)为基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量实施例的总体示意图；Fig. 2(a) is a general schematic diagram of an embodiment of bearing cage measurement based on fiber grating sensing;

图2(b)基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量实施例的剖视示意图；Figure 2(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of bearing cage measurement based on fiber grating sensing;

图3(a)是本发明光纤光栅传感器布置图；Fig. 3 (a) is the arrangement diagram of the fiber grating sensor of the present invention;

图3(b)是本发明光纤光栅传感器布置的局部放大图；Figure 3(b) is a partial enlarged view of the arrangement of the fiber grating sensor of the present invention;

图4(a)是本发明光纤光栅传感器信号传输装置结构示意图；Fig. 4 (a) is the structural schematic diagram of the optical fiber grating sensor signal transmission device of the present invention;

图4(b)是本发明光纤光栅传感器信号传输支架结构示意图；Fig. 4 (b) is the structural schematic diagram of the fiber grating sensor signal transmission support of the present invention;

图5是本发明传输附加质量补偿装置结构示意图；5 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission additional quality compensation device according to the present invention;

图中：1轴承保持架测量装置；11光纤光栅传感器；12光纤光栅信号传输装置；13附加质量补偿装置；14待测轴承；111应变测点；112温度测点；113光纤信号线一；121光纤信号线二；122传输支架；123光滑环；1221连接端面；1222连接架；1223圆轴；1224中孔；2驱动装置；3轴承箱；4径向加载装置；41径向加载螺栓；42径向力传感器；5轴向加载装置；51轴向加载螺栓；52轴向力传感器；131圆环一；132圆环二。In the figure: 1 Bearing cage measuring device; 11 Fiber Bragg grating sensor; 12 Fiber Bragg grating signal transmission device; 13 Additional mass compensation device; 14 Bearing to be measured; 111 Strain measuring point; 112 Temperature measuring point; Optical fiber signal line two; 122 transmission bracket; 123 smooth ring; 1221 connecting end face; 1222 connecting frame; 1223 round shaft; 1224 middle hole; 2 driving device; 3 bearing box; 4 radial loading device; 41 radial loading bolt; 42 Radial force sensor; 5 axial loading device; 51 axial loading bolt; 52 axial force sensor; 131 ring one; 132 ring two.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件、具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能解释为对本发明的限制。The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements, elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, but not to be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

如图1所示，一种基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置，包括轴承保持架测量装置1、驱动装置2、轴承箱3、径向加载装置4和轴向加载装置5；As shown in Figure 1, a bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing includes a bearing cage measuring device 1, a driving device 2, a bearing housing 3, a radial loading device 4 and an axial loading device 5;

如图2(a)和图2(b)所示，所述轴承保持架测量装置1，包括光纤光栅传感器11、光纤光栅信号传输装置12、附加质量补偿装置13和待测轴承14；所述待测轴承14为滚动轴承；如图3(a)和图3(b)所示，所述光纤光栅传感器11布置在待测轴承14保持架兜孔周围和引导面上，用于测量应变和温度信息，包括应变测点111、温度测点112以及光纤信号线一113；在兜孔周围的多个测点中，选取保持架表面不粘贴的光纤光栅传感器作为温度测点112，用于测量兜孔温度，其余的光纤光栅传感器11通过粘贴方式贴附在兜孔周围，作为应变测点111，所述兜孔应变测点111在兜孔上沿保持架旋转方向的前侧和后侧各布置一个，用于获得保持架兜孔前后处的接触受力信息；由于应变测点111中同时具有温度和应变的相应特性，以温度测点112数据作为应变测量中温度补偿，采用温度-应变解耦方程进行兜孔光纤光栅传感器数据中的应变-温度的解耦分离，实现兜孔应变的测量；保持架引导面上采用同样的布置方式，光纤光栅传感器11粘贴在保持架引导面上，构成多个应变测点111和温度测点112，测点位置避开与保持架套圈接触区域，避免接触、摩擦导致传感器失效或者光纤断裂；所述光纤信号线一113用于连接应变测点111和温度测点112，实现信号的传输；As shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b), the bearing cage measuring device 1 includes a fiber grating sensor 11, a fiber grating signal transmission device 12, an additional mass compensation device 13 and a bearing to be measured 14; the The bearing 14 to be measured is a rolling bearing; as shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b), the fiber grating sensor 11 is arranged around the cage pocket and on the guide surface of the bearing to be measured 14 for measuring strain and temperature information, including strain measuring point 111, temperature measuring point 112 and optical fiber signal line 1 113; among the multiple measuring points around the pocket, the fiber grating sensor that is not pasted on the surface of the cage is selected as the temperature measuring point 112 for measuring the pocket hole temperature, the remaining fiber grating sensors 11 are attached around the pocket by sticking, as strain measuring points 111, the pocket strain measuring points 111 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the cage along the rotation direction of the cage. One is used to obtain the contact force information at the front and rear of the cage pocket; since the strain measuring point 111 has the corresponding characteristics of temperature and strain at the same time, the data of the temperature measuring point 112 is used as the temperature compensation in the strain measurement, and the temperature-strain solution is used. The coupling equation is used to decouple the strain-temperature in the data of the pocket fiber grating sensor to realize the measurement of the pocket strain; the same arrangement is adopted on the guide surface of the cage, and the fiber grating sensor 11 is pasted on the guide surface of the cage to form A plurality of strain measurement points 111 and temperature measurement points 112, the position of the measurement points avoids the contact area with the cage ferrule to avoid contact and friction causing sensor failure or fiber breakage; the optical fiber signal line 113 is used to connect the strain measurement point 111 and temperature measuring point 112 to realize signal transmission;

如图4(a)和4(b)所示，所述光纤光栅信号传输装置12用于实现旋转态下保持架信号的传输(保持架转速与内外圈存在差异，不能通过内圈或外圈传输)，包括光纤信号线二121、传输支架122以及光滑环123；所述光纤信号线二121与保持架传感器的光纤信号线一113为一根线；所述传输支架122用于固定和安装光纤信号线二121和光滑环123，使其随着保持架旋转；所述传输支架122为3D打印超轻材料，设有偶数对称式独立连接架1222，所述独立连接架1222为四个，用于减小附加质量；所述连接架1222的一侧端面为连接端面1221，采用粘贴方式与保持架侧面固定连接；所述连接架1222另一端为圆轴1223；圆轴1223中部设有中孔1224，用于光滑环123旋转端的安装，并采用顶丝或过盈配合固定；所述中孔1224内部采用粘贴方式固定光纤信号线二121；所述光滑环123包括旋转端和静止端，用于轴承保持架旋转态信号与静止采集器信号传输，所述光滑环123相对电滑环具有体积小、质量轻等优点，减小旋转态传输过程中的附加质量；As shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b), the fiber grating signal transmission device 12 is used to realize the transmission of the cage signal in the rotating state (the rotation speed of the cage is different from the inner and outer rings, and cannot pass through the inner or outer rings. transmission), including the optical fiber signal line two 121, the transmission bracket 122 and the smooth ring 123; the optical fiber signal line two 121 and the optical fiber signal line one 113 of the cage sensor are one line; the transmission bracket 122 is used for fixing and installation The optical fiber signal line 121 and the smooth ring 123 rotate with the cage; the transmission bracket 122 is made of 3D printed ultra-light material, and is provided with an even-numbered symmetrical independent connection frame 1222, and the number of the independent connection frames 1222 is four, It is used to reduce the additional mass; one end face of the connecting frame 1222 is the connecting end face 1221, which is fixedly connected to the side of the holder by sticking; the other end of the connecting frame 1222 is a circular shaft 1223; The hole 1224 is used for the installation of the rotating end of the smooth ring 123, and is fixed by a top wire or interference fit; the middle hole 1224 is used to fix the optical fiber signal line 2 121 by sticking; the smooth ring 123 includes a rotating end and a static end, It is used for the transmission of the rotating state signal of the bearing cage and the signal of the static collector. Compared with the electric slip ring, the smooth ring 123 has the advantages of small size and light weight, which reduces the additional mass during the rotating state transmission process;

如图5所示，所述附加质量补偿装置13用于补偿光纤光栅传输装置增加保持架附加质量，减小与真实工作状态差异导致的测量误差，由两个内径不同的圆环一131和圆环二132构成，圆环一131内径与保持架直径相近，圆环一131端面采用粘贴方式与保持架侧面固定连接，圆环二132内径小于圆环一131内径；通过圆环一131和圆环二132组合用于补偿传输支架和光滑环装置的附加质量和转动惯量；即As shown in FIG. 5 , the additional mass compensation device 13 is used to compensate the additional mass of the cage added by the fiber grating transmission device to reduce the measurement error caused by the difference from the actual working state. The inner diameter of the ring 131 is similar to the diameter of the cage, the end face of the ring 1 131 is fixedly connected to the side of the cage by sticking, and the inner diameter of the ring 2 132 is smaller than the inner diameter of the ring 1 131; The combination of ring two 132 is used to compensate for the additional mass and moment of inertia of the transmission bracket and the smooth ring device; i.e.

mb＝mg，Ib＝Ig m b =m g , I b =I g

式中，mb和Ib为附加质量补偿装置13的附加质量和转动惯量；mg和Ig为传输支架和光滑环等光纤光栅信号传输装置12的附加质量和转动惯量；In the formula, m b and I b are the additional mass and moment of inertia of the additional mass compensation device 13; m g and I g are the additional mass and moment of inertia of the fiber grating signal transmission device 12 such as the transmission bracket and the smooth ring;

所述轴承保持架测量装置1置于轴承箱3内，左端与驱动装置2连接，所述驱动装置2用于驱动待测轴承14旋转，所述驱动装置2为驱动电机；所述轴承箱3右侧设有圆盘，用于支撑固定光滑环123的静止端，避免静止端的转动；所述径向加载装置4安装在轴承保持架测量装置1上方，用于给轴承施加径向载荷，包括径向加载螺栓41和径向力传感器42，径向加载螺栓41从轴承箱3上端穿入，与径向力传感器42螺纹连接；所述轴向加载装置5安装在轴承保持架测量装置1右侧，用于给轴承施加轴向载荷，包括轴向加载螺栓51和轴向力传感器52，轴向加载螺栓51从轴承箱3右侧穿入，与轴向力传感器52螺纹连接；所述径向加载螺栓41、轴向加载螺栓51用于施加载荷，径向力传感器42、轴向力传感器52用于测量力的大小；所述轴向加载装置5共两个，采用双轴向加载方式，使滚动轴承中部位置空置，避开传输支架122和光滑环123；The bearing cage measuring device 1 is placed in the bearing box 3, and the left end is connected to the driving device 2, the driving device 2 is used to drive the bearing 14 to be measured to rotate, and the driving device 2 is a driving motor; the bearing box 3 The right side is provided with a disc for supporting the stationary end of the fixed smooth ring 123 to avoid the rotation of the stationary end; the radial loading device 4 is installed above the bearing cage measuring device 1 to apply radial load to the bearing, including Radial loading bolt 41 and radial force sensor 42, the radial loading bolt 41 penetrates from the upper end of the bearing housing 3 and is threadedly connected with the radial force sensor 42; the axial loading device 5 is installed on the right side of the bearing cage measuring device 1 The side is used to apply an axial load to the bearing, including an axial load bolt 51 and an axial force sensor 52. The axial load bolt 51 penetrates from the right side of the bearing housing 3 and is threadedly connected with the axial force sensor 52; the diameter The loading bolt 41 and the axial loading bolt 51 are used to apply loads, and the radial force sensor 42 and the axial force sensor 52 are used to measure the magnitude of the force; there are two axial loading devices 5 in total, and a biaxial loading method is adopted. , so that the middle position of the rolling bearing is vacant, avoiding the transmission bracket 122 and the smooth ring 123;

则轴向载荷大小为Then the magnitude of the axial load is

Fa＝F1+F2 F a =F 1 +F 2

式中，Fa为滚动轴承承受的轴向载荷；F1为上部滚动轴向力传感器52的测量值，F2为下部滚动轴向力传感器52的测量值。In the formula, F a is the axial load borne by the rolling bearing; F 1 is the measured value of the upper rolling axial force sensor 52 , and F 2 is the measured value of the lower rolling axial force sensor 52 .

Claims (5)

1.一种基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置，其特征在于，所述的基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置包括轴承保持架测量装置(1)、驱动装置(2)、轴承箱(3)、径向加载装置(4)和轴向加载装置(5)；1. A bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing, characterized in that the bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing comprises a bearing cage measuring device (1), a driving device (2), bearing housing (3), radial loading device (4) and axial loading device (5); 所述轴承保持架测量装置(1)，包括光纤光栅传感器(11)、光纤光栅信号传输装置(12)、附加质量补偿装置(13)和待测轴承(14)；所述待测轴承(14)为滚动轴承；所述光纤光栅传感器(11)布置在待测轴承(14)保持架兜孔周围和引导面上，用于测量应变和温度信息，包括应变测点(111)、温度测点(112)以及光纤信号线一(113)；在兜孔周围的测点中，保持架表面不粘贴的光纤光栅传感器(11)作为温度测点(112)，用于测量兜孔温度，其余的光纤光栅传感器(11)通过粘贴方式贴附在兜孔周围，作为应变测点(111)；保持架引导面上采用同样的布置方式，光纤光栅传感器(11)在保持架引导面上，构成多个应变测点(111)和温度测点(112)，测点位置避开与保持架套圈接触区域，避免接触、摩擦导致传感器失效或光纤断裂；所述光纤信号线一(113)用于连接应变测点(111)和温度测点(112)，实现信号的传输；The bearing cage measuring device (1) includes a fiber grating sensor (11), a fiber grating signal transmission device (12), an additional mass compensation device (13) and a bearing to be measured (14); the bearing to be measured (14) ) is a rolling bearing; the fiber grating sensor (11) is arranged around the cage pocket and on the guide surface of the bearing (14) to be measured, and is used to measure strain and temperature information, including strain measurement points (111), temperature measurement points ( 112) and optical fiber signal line one (113); in the measuring points around the pocket, the fiber grating sensor (11) not pasted on the surface of the cage is used as the temperature measuring point (112) to measure the temperature of the pocket, and the rest of the fiber The grating sensor (11) is attached around the pocket by sticking as a strain measuring point (111); the same arrangement is adopted on the guide surface of the cage, and the fiber grating sensor (11) is on the guide surface of the cage to form a plurality of Strain measurement point (111) and temperature measurement point (112), the position of the measurement point avoids the contact area with the cage ferrule, so as to avoid contact and friction leading to sensor failure or fiber breakage; the optical fiber signal line one (113) is used for connection The strain measuring point (111) and the temperature measuring point (112) realize signal transmission; 所述光纤光栅信号传输装置(12)用于实现旋转态下保持架信号的传输，包括光纤信号线二(121)、传输支架(122)和光滑环(123)；所述光纤信号线二(121)与保持架传感器的光纤信号线一(113)为一根线；所述传输支架(122)用于固定和安装光纤信号线二(121)和光滑环(123)，使其随着保持架旋转；所述传输支架(122)为3D打印超轻材料，设有偶数对称式独立连接架(1222)；所述连接架(1222)为爪型结构，其前端面为连接端面(1221)，采用粘贴方式与保持架侧面固定连接；多个连接架(1222)另一端由一圆轴(1223)汇聚；所述的圆轴(1223)设有中孔(1224)，用于光滑环(123)旋转端的安装，并采用顶丝或过盈配合固定；所述中孔(1224)内部采用粘贴方式固定光纤信号线二(121)；所述光滑环(123)包括旋转端和静止端，用于待测轴承(14)保持架旋转态信号与静止采集器信号传输；The fiber grating signal transmission device (12) is used to realize the transmission of the cage signal in a rotating state, and includes a second optical fiber signal line (121), a transmission bracket (122) and a smooth ring (123); the second optical fiber signal line (123) 121) It is a line with the optical fiber signal line one (113) of the cage sensor; the transmission bracket (122) is used to fix and install the optical fiber signal line two (121) and the smooth ring (123), so as to keep it with the The transmission bracket (122) is made of 3D printing ultra-light material, and is provided with an even-numbered symmetrical independent connection frame (1222); , which is fixedly connected to the side of the holder by sticking; the other ends of the plurality of connecting frames (1222) are converged by a circular shaft (1223); 123) The installation of the rotating end is fixed by using a top wire or interference fit; the second optical fiber signal line (121) is fixed by sticking inside the middle hole (1224); the smooth ring (123) includes a rotating end and a stationary end, It is used for the transmission of the rotating state signal of the cage of the bearing to be tested (14) and the signal of the static collector; 所述附加质量补偿装置(13)由两个内径不同的圆环一(131)和圆环二(132)构成，圆环一(131)内径与保持架直径相配合，圆环一(131)端面采用粘贴方式与保持架侧面固定连接，圆环二(132)内径小于圆环一(131)内径；通过圆环一(131)和圆环二(132)组合用于补偿光纤光栅信号传输装置(12)的附加质量和转动惯量；即The additional mass compensation device (13) consists of two rings (131) and two (132) with different inner diameters. The inner diameter of the first ring (131) is matched with the diameter of the cage, and the first ring (131) The end face is fixedly connected to the side of the cage by sticking, and the inner diameter of the second ring (132) is smaller than the inner diameter of the first ring (131). (12) additional mass and moment of inertia; namely mb＝mg，Ib＝Ig m b =m g , I b =I g 式中，mb和Ib为附加质量补偿装置(13)的附加质量和转动惯量；mg和Ig为光纤光栅信号传输装置(12)的附加质量和转动惯量；In the formula, m b and I b are the additional mass and moment of inertia of the additional mass compensation device (13); m g and I g are the additional mass and moment of inertia of the fiber grating signal transmission device (12); 所述轴承保持架测量装置(1)置于轴承箱(3)内，左端与驱动装置(2)连接，所述驱动装置(2)用于驱动待测轴承(14)旋转；所述轴承箱(3)右侧设有圆盘，用于支撑固定光滑环(123)的静止端，避免静止端的转动；所述径向加载装置(4)安装在轴承保持架测量装置(1)上方，用于给轴承施加径向载荷，包括径向加载螺栓(41)和径向力传感器(42)，径向加载螺栓(41)从轴承箱(3)上端穿入，与径向力传感器(42)螺纹连接；所述轴向加载装置(5)安装在轴承保持架测量装置(1)右侧，用于给轴承施加轴向载荷，包括轴向加载螺栓(51)和轴向力传感器(52)，轴向加载螺栓(51)从轴承箱(3)右侧穿入，与轴向力传感器(52)螺纹连接；所述径向加载螺栓(41)、轴向加载螺栓(51)用于施加载荷，径向力传感器(42)、轴向力传感器(52)用于测量力的大小；所述轴向加载装置(5)共两个，采用双轴向加载方式，使滚动轴承中部位置空置，避开传输支架(122)和光滑环(123)。The bearing cage measuring device (1) is placed in the bearing box (3), and the left end is connected with the driving device (2), and the driving device (2) is used to drive the bearing (14) to be measured to rotate; the bearing box (3) A disc is provided on the right side to support the stationary end of the fixed smooth ring (123) to avoid the rotation of the stationary end; the radial loading device (4) is installed above the bearing cage measuring device (1), and uses For applying radial load to the bearing, it includes radial loading bolt (41) and radial force sensor (42). Threaded connection; the axial loading device (5) is installed on the right side of the bearing cage measuring device (1) for applying axial load to the bearing, including the axial loading bolt (51) and the axial force sensor (52) , the axial loading bolt (51) penetrates from the right side of the bearing housing (3) and is threadedly connected with the axial force sensor (52); the radial loading bolt (41) and the axial loading bolt (51) are used to apply Load, the radial force sensor (42) and the axial force sensor (52) are used to measure the magnitude of the force; there are two axial loading devices (5) in total, and the biaxial loading method is adopted, so that the middle position of the rolling bearing is vacant, Avoid transmission bracket (122) and smooth ring (123). 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置，其特征在于，所述兜孔应变测点(111)在兜孔上沿保持架旋转方向的前侧和后侧各布置一个，用于获得保持架兜孔前后处的接触受力信息。2 . The bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing according to claim 1 , wherein the pocket strain measuring points ( 111 ) are on the front side and the rear side of the pocket along the rotation direction of the cage. 3 . One of each is arranged to obtain the contact force information at the front and rear of the cage pocket. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置，其特征在于，所述独立连接架(1222)为四个或六个。3 . The bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the number of the independent connecting frames ( 1222 ) is four or six. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1或2所述的基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置，其特征在于，所述驱动装置(2)为驱动电机。4 . The bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the driving device ( 2 ) is a driving motor. 5 . 5.根据权利要求3所述的基于光纤光栅传感的轴承保持架测量装置，其特征在于，所述驱动装置(2)为驱动电机。5 . The bearing cage measuring device based on fiber grating sensing according to claim 3 , wherein the driving device ( 2 ) is a driving motor. 6 .
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