CN109668328B - Vacuum heat collecting tube with spirally-advancing semi-circumferentially-distributed fin bodies - Google Patents
Vacuum heat collecting tube with spirally-advancing semi-circumferentially-distributed fin bodies Download PDFInfo
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- CN109668328B CN109668328B CN201811588609.XA CN201811588609A CN109668328B CN 109668328 B CN109668328 B CN 109668328B CN 201811588609 A CN201811588609 A CN 201811588609A CN 109668328 B CN109668328 B CN 109668328B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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Abstract
A vacuum heat collecting pipe with fin bodies spirally advancing and distributed in a semi-circle mode is characterized in that a glass outer pipe (1) and a metal heat absorbing pipe (2) containing the fin bodies (4) are coaxially arranged from outside to inside. A vacuum cavity (6) is arranged between the glass outer tube (1) and the metal heat absorption tube (2) and is connected through a sealing device, and an expansion joint (3) is arranged at the end part of the glass outer tube (1). The outer surface of the metal heat absorption tube (2) is coated with a coating capable of selectively absorbing sunlight, and the inner surface is provided with a fin body (4) integrated with the metal heat absorption tube. The fin bodies (4) are provided with pin fin bodies in the half circumferential direction of the metal tube according to the spiral line direction. The height h of the fin body (4) is constant or different according to the height distribution of the energy flow density in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, and the height of the fin body arranged on the side with high energy flow density is smaller than that of the fin body arranged on the side with low energy flow density.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar vacuum heat collecting tube.
Background
In systems for solar thermal utilization, line-focus concentrating systems, such as parabolic trough, linear fresnel, can produce energy flux densities of up to tens of kilowatts per square meter and even higher. The heat collecting tube on the focal plane of the condenser is a high-efficiency heat conversion component, and generally adopts a vacuum heat collecting tube in the form of sealing a glass outer tube with a metal heat absorbing tube and vacuumizing an interlayer between the glass outer tube and the metal heat absorbing tube. The outer wall of the metal heat absorption tube is plated with a selective absorption coating so as to improve the absorption efficiency of sunlight and reduce the radiation heat loss. Due to the sunlight gathering characteristic of the condenser, the heated surface of the vacuum heat collecting tube receiving gathered sunlight is concentrated on the semi-circumference wall surface of the outer wall of the metal tube, and the vacuum heat collecting tube is subjected to unilateral non-uniform heating. The energy flux density on the heating surface of the heat collecting tube is circumferentially and non-uniformly distributed, and for heat transfer fluid in a metal heat absorbing tube, especially for gas flow with small forced convection heat transfer coefficient in the tube, a great temperature gradient is formed on the tube wall of the heat collecting tube certainly. Under the action of large temperature gradient and local high-temperature thermal stress, bending deformation of the metal tube can be caused, and the metal tube is broken when the metal tube is too much deformed and touches the glass outer tube, so that vacuum loss is caused, heat loss is increased suddenly, and the efficiency of the heat collector is reduced suddenly.
In view of such a distribution characteristic of extremely uneven energy flow density, it is necessary to improve the tube structure, enhance heat transfer, and improve the temperature distribution. Currently, there are 3 improvement methods in the prior art:
using an interposer to enhance fluid turbulence is one of the improvements. Chinese patent CN107166753A of the invention proposes a vacuum heat collecting tube with an inner inserted rod, which extrudes heat transfer fluid from the center of a metal heat absorbing tube with lower temperature and higher flow velocity to the vicinity of the wall surface of the metal heat absorbing tube with higher temperature, thereby achieving the effect of heat exchange enhancement. The invention patent CN105546855A proposes a structure for large-diameter vacuum heat-collecting tube, in which a sealed hollow circular tube is arranged, the exterior of the hollow circular tube is wound with continuous spiral fins, and spiral flow is generated in an annular cavity formed by the circular tube of the inner plug-in and the metal tube, so as to enhance heat transfer. The inner inserts are required to be provided with independent supporting structures on the inner wall of the metal pipe, and the inner inserts are fixedly connected with the metal pipe, so that the structure installation is complex; the inner insert reduces the effective cross section of the flow, enhances the flow speed of the fluid under the same flow condition and shortens the contact heat exchange time of the fluid and the inner surface of the heat absorption tube.
With fillers, increasing the heat transfer area is another improvement. The U.S. patent 2012/0186575A1 proposes a structure of filling foam metal in a metal heat absorbing pipe, and the Chinese patent invention CN108302784A discloses an invention of inserting foam metal as filling in a bionic microporous surface metal inner pipe, but the filler can obviously increase the flow resistance.
The use of fins to increase the heat transfer area is a third improvement. The invention mainly adopts a structure that a thread structure, twisted pieces and the like are distributed in a circumferential direction, CN108120335A discloses curve fin bodies which are arranged on the inner wall of a pipe at equal intervals and are arranged in a spiral or crossed manner in the axial direction, Chinese invention patent CN108151572A provides a structure that a plurality of groups of spiral fins are arranged inside and outside the pipe, and the heights of the inner and outer side fins are changed periodically. The fins of the two inventions are all distributed in the whole circumference, so that the heat transfer enhancement effect is achieved, but unnecessary flow resistance and power consumption of a pump and a fan are increased. The chinese invention patent CN102425867A proposes a structure of a trough type solar vacuum heat collecting tube with single-side inner fins, that is, inner fins are arranged on the inner surface of the solar focusing side of a metal heat absorbing tube, and heat is transferred to the center in the metal heat absorbing tube through the inner fins, so as to effectively and fully mix the fluid at the light focusing side of the heat absorbing tube with the fluid at the center of the tube, but the disturbance and heat exchange of the fluid at the non-light focusing side cannot be regulated. Meanwhile, the invention is not well applicable to gas as a heat transfer fluid, because the gas is different from the physical property of liquid, the viscosity of the fluid is increased along with the temperature rise of the wall surface and the inner fins of the light-gathering side, and the distribution of the fins increases the flow resistance, so that the fluid gradually gathers and flows to an area with small resistance and low temperature, and the fluid participating in heat exchange at the light-gathering side is gradually reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a vacuum heat collecting pipe with spirally advancing semi-circumferentially distributed fin bodies, which is suitable for heat transfer fluids such as gas or liquid.
The fin body structure is directly formed inside the metal heat absorption tube in a cutter machining mode, is made of the same material as the metal heat absorption tube, and does not affect the bearing capacity, reliability and safety of the metal heat absorption tube. The fin body of the invention is arranged on one side of the half circumference of the inner wall of the metal heat absorbing pipe, and simultaneously, the fin body is vertically or obliquely arranged and advances along the axial direction of the metal heat absorbing pipe in a three-dimensional spiral shape. The fin body height is constant or varies according to the high-low distribution of energy flow density: the fin body disposed on the side where the energy flow density is high has a height that is smaller than the height of the fin body on the side where the energy flow density is low. The invention can form vortex flow in the metal heat absorption tube, improve the heat exchange coefficient of the fluid in the metal tube, promote the solar radiation energy to be efficiently converted into the heat energy of the heat transfer fluid, and optimize the flow field and the temperature field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a vacuum heat collecting tube with spirally advancing fin bodies distributed in a semi-circle mode is characterized in that a glass outer tube and a metal heat absorbing tube containing the fin bodies are coaxially arranged from outside to inside in sequence.
The vacuum cavity is arranged between the glass outer tube and the metal heat absorption tube and is connected with the metal heat absorption tube through a sealing device, and an expansion joint is arranged at the end part of the glass outer tube. The vacuum cavity can reduce the outward convection heat dissipation loss of the metal heat absorption pipe.
The outer surface of the metal heat absorption tube is coated with a selective absorption coating so as to improve the absorption efficiency of sunlight and reduce the radiation heat loss. The inner surface of the metal heat absorption pipe is provided with a fin body integrated with the metal heat absorption pipe.
The fin body is a discontinuous fin rib of a pin fin, and the cross section of the fin is rectangular or circular. The fin bodies are vertically or obliquely arranged on the inner surface of the metal tube, and the inclination angle of the fin bodies and the main flow direction in the tube is in the range of 60-90 degrees. The height h of the fin body is within the range of 0.05-0.4D, D is the inner diameter of the metal pipe, and the height h is constant or different according to the energy flow density distribution: the height of the fin body on the side where the energy flow density is high is smaller than that on the side where the energy flow density is low, that is, the height of the region disposed on the light-condensing side is smaller than that of the region located on the non-light-condensing side where the energy flow density is low.
The fin bodies are arranged on the inner wall of the metal heat absorption tube at one side and are arranged at equal intervals along the half circumference; the fin bodies are arranged and advance along the axial direction of the pipe or in an inclined three-dimensional spiral manner. The number, the spacing, the screw pitch and the like of the spiral line of the fin bodies are determined according to energy flow density, design temperature, the pipe diameter of the metal pipe, processing cost and the like. The pitch of helix should not be overlength or too short, preferably within 5 ~ 50mm, along the fin interval that the helix was arranged, preferably within 2 ~ 10mm, the heat transfer effect when guaranteeing high energy flow density, high temperature has also guaranteed the circulation under the heat transfer fluid high viscosity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the vacuum heat collecting pipe, the fin bodies are arranged on one side of the half circumference of the inner wall of the metal heat collecting pipe, and the temperature of heat transfer fluid on the same section can be more uniform in a distribution mode that the fin bodies are arranged and advanced along the axial direction or the inclined direction of the pipe shaft in a three-dimensional spiral manner, so that the temperature gradient on the pipe wall is reduced. When the metal heat absorption tube of the vacuum heat collection tube is irradiated by sunlight, one side of the metal heat absorption tube facing to the light condensation surface absorbs most of radiant energy flow, and the temperature is obviously higher than that of the other side, namely the light facing side. For a traditional metal heat absorption pipe or a metal heat absorption pipe with a continuous fin body, the temperature of fluid near a light-gathering side wall surface of the metal pipe is the highest under the influence of a boundary layer, the temperature of fluid near a light-facing side wall surface is the second highest, and the temperature of fluid at the center is the lowest. Under the same condition, when fluid flowing through the heat collecting tube disclosed by the invention is acted by the fin bodies arranged along the three-dimensional spiral line, secondary vortex flow is generated on the circumferential plane of the metal heat absorbing tube, and the vortex flows continuously downstream along with the flow in the main flow direction to form a series of spiral flows, wherein the vortex is called as a longitudinal vortex. This swirling flow substitutes fluid from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region, making the fluid temperature more uniform across the same cross-section.
The spiral longitudinal vortex promotes the material and energy exchange between the main flow and the near-wall surface boundary layer, and the disturbance of the longitudinal vortex reduces the thickness of the boundary layer, so that the heat exchange process is strengthened. The heat transfer effect between the inner wall of the pipe and the fluid is effectively improved, and particularly, the fin body can reduce the temperature difference between the pipe wall and the gas when the heat transfer fluid is gas and the input energy flow density is the same.
A plurality of fin bodies are arranged on the inner wall of a metal pipe body at equal intervals along a half circumference on one side, and the fin bodies are arranged and advance in a three-dimensional spiral shape in a direction parallel to the axis of the pipe. The circumferential fin area on any section of the metal heat absorption tube is ensured to only occupy half of the circumference: 0 to 180 degrees. Not only ensures the swirling flow of the fluid in the pipe, but also reduces the flow resistance in the flow passage and reduces unnecessary energy loss.
The height of the fin body of the present invention is constant or varies according to the height of the energy flow density distribution: the fin body height on the side where the energy flow density is high is smaller than the fin body height on the side where the energy flow density is low. This height design, which is different from typical fins, takes into account the physical property that the gas viscosity increases with increasing temperature. The height of the cold-side fin body is increased, the height of the hot-side fin body is reduced, the flow resistance which needs to be overcome when gas flows through the cold side of the wall surface is increased, the flow resistance which needs to be overcome when gas flows through the hot side of the wall surface is reduced, and the flow of the gas participating in heat exchange on the condensation side wall surface is ensured.
The pin fins and the discontinuous fin ribs adopted by the fin body are integrally designed with the metal tube, so that the heat exchange area with the heat transfer fluid is increased. The height, the number and the spacing of the fin bodies can be determined according to the pipe diameter, the energy flow density, the design temperature, the physical property of the heat transfer fluid, the processing cost and the like, and the fin bodies are more flexible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat collecting tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the spiral distribution of the fin bodies of the heat absorbing tube of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a collector tube according to one form of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the collector tube A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another form of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of the collector tube A-A of FIG. 5;
in the figure: the device comprises a glass outer tube 1, a metal heat absorption tube 2, an expansion joint 3, a fin body 4, a three-dimensional spiral forward incoming line 5 and a vacuum cavity 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
A vacuum heat collecting tube with fin bodies spirally advancing and distributed in a semi-circle mode comprises a glass outer tube 1 and a metal heat absorbing tube 2 containing a fin body 4, wherein the metal heat absorbing tube 2 is located in the glass outer tube 1 and is coaxially arranged. The glass outer tube 1 is connected with the metal heat absorbing tube 2 through a sealing device, and an expansion joint 3 is arranged at the end part of the glass outer tube 1. A vacuum cavity 6 is arranged between the metal heat absorbing tube 2 and the glass outer tube 1. The distribution of the fin bodies in the metal heat absorbing pipe is schematically shown in fig. 2.
One embodiment of the collector tube of the present invention is shown in fig. 3. The selective heat absorption coating is coated on the outer wall of the metal heat absorption tube 2, and the coating material is a black chromium coating. The metal heat absorption tube 2 and the fin body 4 are integrated into a whole, the metal heat absorption tube 2 and the fin body 4 are made of stainless steel, the fin body 4 is made of pin fins, and the pin fins are integrally machined through cutting by a cutter. The inner diameter D of the metal pipe is 40 mm.
In the circumferential direction, the pin fins are distributed only within one half of the circumference of a single side of the metal heat absorbing pipe, as shown in the A-A section of FIG. 4. In the present embodiment, 13 fins are distributed over an angular range of 180 °. In the axial direction, the 13 pin fin bodies distributed on one side are arranged on the inner surface of the metal tube according to a three-dimensional spiral line 5 with consistent rotation direction, as shown in fig. 3. The pitch of the three-dimensional spiral line selected in the embodiment is 48mm, and 12 groups of fin bodies are distributed on one pitch at equal intervals. In this embodiment, the pin fins are perpendicular to the main flow direction, the cross section is rectangular, and the vertical heights of the pin fin bodies on the light-gathering side and the non-light-gathering side of the heat absorption tube are both 0.1D.
Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the heat collecting tube of the present invention. The outer wall of the metal heat absorption tube 2 is coated with a selective heat absorption coating, and the coating material is a black chromium coating. The metal heat absorption tube 2 and the fin body 4 are integrated into a whole, the metal heat absorption tube 2 and the fin body 4 are made of stainless steel, the fin body 4 is made of pin fins, and the pin fins are integrally machined through cutting by a cutter. The inner diameter D of the metal pipe is 40 mm.
In the circumferential direction, the pin fin bodies are distributed only within a single half of the circumference of the metal heat absorbing pipe, as shown in the A-A section of FIG. 6. 24 fins are distributed in the angle range of 180 degrees, and the cross section of each fin is rectangular. In the axial direction, the pin fin bodies are distributed on the inner surface of the metal tube according to a three-dimensional spiral line 5 with consistent rotation direction, as shown in fig. 5. In this embodiment, an included angle between the pin fin body and the main flow direction is 60 °, a vertical height of the pin fin body on a light-gathering side of the heat absorption tube is 0.1D, and a vertical height of the pin fin body on a non-light-gathering side of the heat absorption tube is 0.3D. The pitch of the three-dimensional spiral line selected in the embodiment is 12mm, and 6 fin body groups are distributed on one pitch at equal intervals. Because the distributed fins have smaller intervals and smaller helical pitch, the fins are distributed more densely at the moment. When the heat transfer fluid flows through the spiral distribution of the pin fins, the non-light-gathering side fins are obviously higher than the light-gathering side fins, and the pressure resistance of the side flow channel is obviously higher than that of the light-gathering side fins, so that more fluid flows close to the light-gathering side of the heat absorption tube while spiral flow is generated.
The invention adopts a semi-circle arrangement and spiral advancing arrangement mode on the pipe wall of the metal heat absorption pipe, combines the factors of energy flow density distribution, design temperature, processing cost and the like, optimizes the parameters of the fin bodies and spiral curves, leads the fluid to form vortex flow under the flow guide effect of the fin bodies, promotes the radial mixing of the fluid by secondary flow caused by the spiral flow, enhances the disturbance of the internal fluid, improves the heat transfer effect of the inner wall of the pipe and the fluid in the pipe, particularly for gas working media, can effectively reduce the temperature difference between the pipe wall and the gas under the condition of inputting the same energy flow density, improves the safety of the vacuum heat collection pipe, and realizes the purposes of high-efficiency low-resistance heat transfer enhancement effect, energy conservation and consumption reduction.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a vacuum heat collecting tube with fin body that half circumference distributes that spiral gos forward which characterized in that: the vacuum heat collecting tube is coaxially and sequentially provided with a glass outer tube (1) and a metal heat absorbing tube (2) containing a fin body (4) from outside to inside; a vacuum cavity (6) is arranged between the glass outer tube (1) and the metal heat absorption tube (2) and is connected with the metal heat absorption tube through a sealing device, and an expansion joint (3) is arranged at the end part of the glass outer tube (1); the outer surface of the metal heat absorption tube (2) is coated with a coating capable of selectively absorbing sunlight, and the inner surface of the metal heat absorption tube (2) is provided with a fin body (4) integrated with the metal heat absorption tube;
the fin bodies (4) are discontinuous fin ribs of pin fins, are arranged on the half circumference of the inner wall of the metal heat absorption pipe and are arranged at equal intervals; the semi-circumferential fin bodies are arranged and advance in a three-dimensional spiral manner along the axial direction parallel to the metal heat absorbing pipe; the height h of the fin body is constant or is different according to the energy flow density distribution: the height value of the area with high energy flow density on the light-gathering side is smaller than that of the area with low energy flow density on the non-light-gathering side; the number, the spacing and the screw pitch of the spiral line of the fin bodies are determined according to the energy flow density, the design temperature, the pipe diameter of the metal pipe and the processing cost.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811588609.XA CN109668328B (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2018-12-25 | Vacuum heat collecting tube with spirally-advancing semi-circumferentially-distributed fin bodies |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811588609.XA CN109668328B (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2018-12-25 | Vacuum heat collecting tube with spirally-advancing semi-circumferentially-distributed fin bodies |
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| CN109668328A CN109668328A (en) | 2019-04-23 |
| CN109668328B true CN109668328B (en) | 2020-07-14 |
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| CN101363664A (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2009-02-11 | 西安交通大学 | Focussing groove type solar thermal absorber of single side multi-longitudinal whorl strengthened heat exchange |
| CN102425867A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-04-25 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Tank type solar vacuum heat collecting tube with one-sided inner fin |
| CN102818385A (en) * | 2011-06-11 | 2012-12-12 | 刘建设 | Novel solar heat collecting pipe |
| CN103267377A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-28 | 南京溧马新能源科技有限公司 | Solar vacuum heat-collecting tube with fluid mixer |
| CN104930734A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 张家港市腾昀能源科技有限公司 | Glass vacuum heat collecting pipe |
| CN105546855A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-04 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Reinforced heat transferring large-diameter vacuum heat collecting tube |
| CN105674586A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-06-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Heat transmission-improvable tubular solar heat absorber with built-in pin fin groups |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120186575A1 (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2012-07-26 | Orrin Systems, Inc. | Solar Collector |
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2018
- 2018-12-25 CN CN201811588609.XA patent/CN109668328B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101363664A (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2009-02-11 | 西安交通大学 | Focussing groove type solar thermal absorber of single side multi-longitudinal whorl strengthened heat exchange |
| CN102818385A (en) * | 2011-06-11 | 2012-12-12 | 刘建设 | Novel solar heat collecting pipe |
| CN102425867A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-04-25 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Tank type solar vacuum heat collecting tube with one-sided inner fin |
| CN103267377A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-28 | 南京溧马新能源科技有限公司 | Solar vacuum heat-collecting tube with fluid mixer |
| CN104930734A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 张家港市腾昀能源科技有限公司 | Glass vacuum heat collecting pipe |
| CN105546855A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-04 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Reinforced heat transferring large-diameter vacuum heat collecting tube |
| CN105674586A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-06-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Heat transmission-improvable tubular solar heat absorber with built-in pin fin groups |
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