CN108592419B - Falling delaying type solid particle heat absorber for solar thermal power generation - Google Patents
Falling delaying type solid particle heat absorber for solar thermal power generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108592419B CN108592419B CN201810148621.2A CN201810148621A CN108592419B CN 108592419 B CN108592419 B CN 108592419B CN 201810148621 A CN201810148621 A CN 201810148621A CN 108592419 B CN108592419 B CN 108592419B
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Abstract
The utility model provides a solar thermal energy electricity generation is with delaying whereabouts formula solid particle heat absorber, including spiral quartz glass tube subassembly (1), solid particle (2) in quartz glass tube subassembly (1), surround outer heat preservation (3) of quartz glass tube subassembly (1) periphery, install import water conservancy diversion section (19) and export water conservancy diversion section (20) of quartz glass tube subassembly (1) lower part on quartz glass tube subassembly (1) upper portion, arrange granule distributor (17) of import water conservancy diversion section (19) top in, arrange granule collector (18) of export water conservancy diversion section (20) below in, arrange low temperature granule storage tank (5) of granule distributor (17) top in, arrange high temperature granule storage tank (10) of granule collector (18) below in, be located low temperature granule storage tank outlet valve (7) between low temperature granule storage tank (5) and granule distributor (17), install high temperature granule storage tank inlet valve between granule collector (18) and high temperature granule storage tank (10) (8) Low-temperature solid particles (6) stored in the low-temperature particle storage tank (5) and high-temperature solid particles (9) stored in the high-temperature particle storage tank (10). The quartz glass tube assembly (1) faces the radiant energy flow (4).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat absorber for solar thermal power generation, in particular to a solid particle heat absorber.
Background
The efficiency of solar thermal power generation is one of the main methods for reducing the cost of the power station, and the tower type power station can effectively improve the operating parameters of the working medium due to the fact that the light condensation ratio can reach more than 1000, so that the tower type power station has great potential in the aspect of improving the power generation efficiency. The traditional heat absorption working media such as steam/heat conduction oil, molten salt/liquid metal and the like are limited by working temperature and chemical stability, and the effects of improving the power generation efficiency and reducing the power generation cost are limited. The solid particles have the advantages of high bearing temperature, stable performance, low price and high specific heat, and are used for driving ultra-supercritical steam power circulation and supercritical CO2The brayton cycle and even the combined gas-steam cycle provide the possibility of greatly reducing the cost of power generation.
At present, many researches around solid particle heat absorbers are conducted at home and abroad, and mainly the researches are focused on the U.S., germany, france, australia, saudi arabia, china and the like, and the main types of the solid particle heat absorbers include a free-falling type, a delayed-falling type, a rotary kiln type, a fluidized bed type and the like, wherein the delayed-falling type heat absorber can effectively increase the radiation time of solid particles, so that the delayed-falling type heat absorber is widely considered as the most promising technology which is most likely to be large-sized.
US9732986B2 discloses a method of using porous media in the flow channels to retard the rate of solid particle fall and enhance heat transfer, but has the disadvantage of causing clogging of the porous media. US2015300692a1 discloses a particulate heat sink for retarding the fall of solid particles by a regular hexagonal prism structure, the solid particles flow down the gaps between the hexagonal prisms, and the manufacturing process of the barrier is complicated. US20120132398 discloses a particulate heat sink with an inverted V-shaped metal structure to retard solid particles from falling, but has the disadvantage of causing damage to the barrier. Chinese patent CN105135716A discloses a tubular solid particle heat absorber with an insert, wherein solid particles flow from top to bottom on a spiral rotating insert in the tube, which effectively increases the radiation residence time of the particles, but has the defect of solid particle flow blockage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the following defects in the prior art and provides a falling-delaying type solid particle heat absorber for solar thermal power generation, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
(1) the irradiation residence time of solid particles in the free-falling particle heat absorber is short, and the temperature rise of the particles is not high;
(2) the blockage of a flow channel in the falling particle heat absorber is delayed, and the damage of an obstacle is avoided.
The invention uses a spiral quartz glass tube component as a solid particle falling and flowing channel. Compared with a free-falling particle heat absorber, under the same falling height, the spiral quartz glass tube component prolongs the length of a solid particle falling flow channel and reduces the falling speed of solid particles, so that the irradiation residence time of the solid particles is obviously increased, and the temperature rise of the solid particles in a single falling process is improved.
The device comprises a spiral quartz glass tube component, solid particles, an outer insulating layer, a low-temperature particle storage tank outlet valve, a high-temperature particle storage tank inlet valve, a high-temperature particle storage tank, a motor, a ventilator, an air filter, a main air flow adjusting valve, a high-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen, a low-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen, a particle distributor, a particle collector, an inlet guide section and an outlet guide section. The solid particles are contained in a spiral quartz glass tube assembly. The outer insulating layer surrounds the periphery of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly and is positioned on the surface back to radiant energy flow. The inlet guide section is arranged at the upper part of the spiral quartz glass tube component; the outlet guide section is arranged at the lower part of the spiral quartz glass tube component. The particle distributor is arranged above the inlet guide section; the particle collector is arranged below the outlet guide section. The low-temperature particle storage tank is arranged above the particle distributor; the high-temperature particle storage tank is arranged below the particle collector. The outlet valve of the low-temperature particle storage tank is arranged between the low-temperature particle storage tank and the particle distributor; the high temperature particle storage tank inlet valve is installed between the particle collector and the high temperature particle storage tank. The ventilator is arranged on the backlight side of the outer heat-insulating layer, the outlet of the ventilator is connected with the inlet flow guide section through a main air flow pipeline, and the main air flow pipeline is positioned at the lower part of the particle distributor. The motor is coaxially connected with the ventilator, and the ventilator is positioned between the motor and the main airflow pipeline. The air filter is connected to the inlet of the ventilator. And a main air flow regulating valve is connected between the outlet of the ventilator and the main air flow pipeline. The outlet air flow of the ventilator passes through a main air flow regulating valve in the main air flow pipeline and is mixed with the low-temperature solid particles flowing out of the particle distributor under the driving of gravity. And the high-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen and the low-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen are respectively arranged at the outlet of the high-temperature particle storage tank and the outlet of the low-temperature particle storage tank.
The spiral quartz glass tube component is formed by winding more than two spiral quartz glass tubes. The relation between the screw pitch l of the single spiral quartz glass tube and the outer diameter D of the spiral quartz glass tube is as follows:
l/D≥1
when the ratio of the two is 1, the light leakage of a single spiral quartz glass tube is minimum, but the helix angle α is smaller, the falling resistance of solid particles is very large, the larger the ratio of the two is, the more the light leakage of the spiral quartz glass tube is, the larger the helix angle α is, the smaller the falling resistance of the solid particles is, therefore, more than two spiral quartz glass are needed to be wound to form a spiral quartz glass assembly so as to ensure a smaller light leakage area, but the falling flow resistance of the particles is also comprehensively considered, and the l/D is not too small, therefore, the screw pitch l of the spiral quartz glass tube and the outer diameter D of the spiral quartz glass tube also need to meet the following:
l/D≤4
the radius of gyration of the spiral quartz glass tube is r, the helix angle α can be expressed as:
r/D≥0.5
when the helix angle α is greater than the angle of repose thetarThe solid particles can fall in the spiral quartz glass tube only under the drive of gravity, but the falling flow speed of the particles is too high, the residence time of the particles in the tube under radiation is short, meanwhile, the solid particles cannot fill the spiral quartz glass tube in the falling process due to the too high falling flow speed of the particles, and the light transmission loss is caused when the spiral rising angle α is smaller than the repose angle thetarDuring the process, the solid particles fall in the spiral quartz glass tube at a low flow speed, the residence time of the solid particles in the tube under radiation is long, the spiral quartz glass tube can be filled during the falling process, high heat absorption efficiency is obtained, but the solid particles are driven to fall by additional power, the spiral rising angle α and the repose angle thetarThe smaller the difference, the less the additional power driving energy consumption is required, so the selected single spiral quartz glass tube has a helix angle α and a solid particle angle of repose thetarThe relationship between them satisfies:
α＝θr-(1°～5°)
for spherical glass beads having an average diameter d of 1mm, the angle of repose θrAbout 22 DEG, the larger the average diameter d of the particles, the larger the angle of repose thetarThe smaller the radius of gyration r of the spiral quartz glass tube is, the smaller the helix angle α is, the larger the resistance of the particles to flow downward, the smaller the radius of gyration r of the spiral quartz glass tube is, the shorter the helix flow path is, the shorter the time of the solid particles to stay downwardThe radius of gyration r is selected by taking into consideration the factors of both the falling flow resistance and the residence time of the particles.
The invention adopts low-flow and low-pressure main air flow to drive solid particles to fall in the spiral quartz glass tube component so as to reduce the energy consumption of pneumatic transportation. But in order to ensure that the solid particles can continuously fall in the spiral quartz glass tube, the parameters of the main air flow are not too low; the main gas flow parameters must not be too high in order to ensure the system safety of the solid particle heat absorber. The solid particles slowly fall down in the spiral quartz glass tube under the common driving force of the main air flow and the gravity, and the solid particles can fully absorb heat. To achieve a higher exit particle temperature, the helical tube should be within the projected radiant energy flux distribution in the elevation direction.
The invention adopts the ventilator to generate the main air flow with low flow and low pressure. The air filter is used for filtering mechanical impurities and moisture contained in the air entering the ventilator, the mechanical impurities and the moisture are prevented from being mixed with solid particles, and the flow resistance of the solid particles is increased to cause the blockage of the spiral quartz glass tube. The motor provides required power for the operation of the ventilator, the ventilator operates at low parameters, and the pneumatic transmission power consumption is low.
The invention adopts the particle distributor to adjust the flow of solid particles entering the spiral quartz glass tube component, so that the solid particles uniformly enter the spiral quartz glass tube component; the flow rate of the solid particles flowing out of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly was adjusted by using a particle collector so that the solid particles uniformly flowed out of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly. The particle distributor and the particle collector are used for adjusting the particle flow form and the particle flow in the quartz glass tube bundle and the residence time of solid particles in the quartz glass tube bundle, so that the flow form of the solid particles is dense flow, the solid particles are enabled to be filled in the spiral quartz glass tube assembly all the time in the continuous uniform flow process, and the light transmission loss caused by sparse flow is avoided.
The solid particles have good chemical stability and flowability at high temperature, and may be in the form of regular spheres, ellipsoids or other shapes, ranging from 100 microns to 2 mm in diameter. Preferred solid particles are silicon carbide particles, sintered bauxite particles, ceramic particles, silica particles, etc., and a single particle size or a plurality of particle sizes may be used in the course of use. In order to improve the heat transfer efficiency, the solid particles should be made of a material with a high thermal conductivity. In order to reduce the wear rate of the particles, the solid particles should have a high hardness, but the hardness should not be too high, considering the wear between the solid particles and the conveying pipeline. In order to enhance the absorption of the solid particles to sunlight and the heat radiation of the surrounding high-temperature particles, the solid particles should have a high radiation absorption ratio, and the radiation absorption ratio of the particles does not change greatly with the temperature and the irradiation time of the particles.
The high-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen and the low-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen are used for filtering solid particles in loop airflow, the pore diameters of the two metal filter screens are smaller than the average diameter of the solid particles, and deformation does not occur at high temperature. The main air flow absorbs heat in the spiral quartz glass tube and heats up, and enters the high-temperature solid particle storage tank, if the high-temperature air is directly emptied, heat waste is caused, the high-temperature air is stored in the high-temperature solid particle storage tank, the pressure of the storage tank is increased, and the safe operation of the system is not facilitated. Therefore, the part of high-temperature air is used as loop airflow, and after the waste heat is released in the low-temperature particle storage tank, the waste heat is returned to the inlet of the ventilator.
The particle heat absorber has the following advantages:
(1) the spiral quartz glass tube component prolongs the length of a solid particle falling flow channel and reduces the falling speed of the solid particles, so that the irradiation retention time of the solid particles is obviously increased, and the temperature rise of the solid particles in a single falling process is improved;
(2) because the irradiation retention time of the solid particles is obviously increased, sufficient time is provided to ensure that the high-temperature particles at the light side in the tube transmit heat to the particles at the backlight side in the tube through heat conduction and heat radiation;
(3) the flow trajectory of solid particles in the falling process is controllable, the solid particles are not influenced by the external environment, and no particles escape;
(4) the flow of solid particles in the falling process is adjustable, and the fluctuation of the external radiation energy flow intensity can be adapted;
(5) the heat exchange among particles can be strengthened by introducing airflow in the falling process of the solid particles in the spiral quartz glass tube, so that the temperature distribution of the particles is more uniform, and the pipeline blockage in the flowing process of the particles can be avoided;
(6) the structural design of the spiral quartz glass tube is optimized, so that light leakage loss and light transmission loss can be greatly reduced and even avoided, and higher heat absorption efficiency is obtained;
(7) and the waste heat of the high-temperature air is recycled, so that the efficiency of the heat absorber is improved.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the light-gathering radiant energy flow collected by the light-gathering equipment is projected to the outer surface of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly, a small part of the light-gathering radiant energy flow is reflected and absorbed, most of the light-gathering radiant energy flow enters the spiral quartz glass tube assembly through the outer surface of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly and is absorbed by the solid particles on the inward light side of the tube falling in the spiral quartz glass tube assembly, the light-gathering radiant energy is converted into the heat energy of the solid particles on the inward light side of the tube, and the temperature of the solid particles on the inward light side of the tube is increased. Meanwhile, because the particles are in close contact, the high-temperature solid particles at the light side in the tube transfer heat to the solid particles at the backlight side in the tube in a heat conduction and heat radiation mode. Due to the small particle size of the solid particles, the diameter of the solid particles ranges from 100 micrometers to 2 millimeters, so that the contact area between the solid particles and the inner surface of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly and between the solid particles is large, and the heat absorption of the solid particles and the heat transfer between the solid particles are facilitated.
Before operation, an outlet valve of the low-temperature particle storage tank is opened, and low-temperature solid particles stored in the low-temperature particle storage tank enter the particle distributor under the action of gravity. And opening a main air flow regulating valve at the outlet of the ventilator, wherein the main air flow enters the spiral quartz glass tube. The particle distributor is then adjusted, in which the solid particles are driven uniformly by gravity together with the main gas flow into the respective spiral quartz glass tubes of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly, and the particle collector starts to collect the solid particles leaving the spiral quartz glass tube assembly when the spiral quartz glass tube assembly is filled with the solid particles. And adjusting the particle collector according to the input radiant energy flow and the parameters of the main air flow to determine the flow rate of the solid particles in the spiral quartz glass tube. The main airflow parameters are adjusted according to the rotating speed of the motor and the opening degree of the main airflow valve, and on the premise of reducing the power consumption of the ventilator as much as possible, the solid particles in the spiral quartz glass tube component can be ensured to fall slowly in the tube under the combined action of gravity and airflow driving force. And parameters of the particle collector and the main air flow are adjusted to ensure that the spiral quartz glass tube assembly is always filled with solid particles in the continuous falling process in the spiral quartz glass tube assembly, so that the light transmission loss is avoided, and the radiation energy flow projected to the spiral quartz glass tube assembly is fully absorbed by the solid particles flowing from top to bottom. The solid particles continuously and uniformly flow in the spiral quartz glass tube assembly, so that the heat absorbed by the spiral quartz glass tube assembly is taken away, and the safe and stable operation of the heat absorber is facilitated. Because the irradiation time of the solid particles in the spiral quartz glass tube component is longer, the solid particles can be heated to be more than 800 ℃ under the condition of high concentration ratio radiation energy flux density, and the solid particles flow out of the spiral quartz glass tube from the bottom of the spiral quartz glass tube component to enter a particle collector after absorbing heat and raising temperature. And opening an inlet valve of the high-temperature solid particle storage tank, and enabling the high-temperature solid particles to enter the high-temperature solid particle storage tank for storage. The heated high-temperature air is carried into the high-temperature solid particle storage tank by the solid particles, and the high-temperature air is used as loop airflow and returns to the inlet of the ventilator after heat is released in the low-temperature particle storage tank to form an airflow loop.
The invention has simple structure, can design the diameter of solid particles and the structural parameters of the spiral quartz glass tube according to requirements, and simultaneously adjusts the parameters of the main airflow, can realize the high-efficiency absorption of the input light-gathering radiation energy flow under the condition of less power consumption, and can realize the maximization of the temperature of the solid particles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a falling-delaying solid particle heat absorber for solar thermal power generation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a top view of a spiral quartz glass tube with a ratio of the pitch l to the outer diameter D of 2;
FIG. 2b is a left side view of a helical quartz glass tube with a ratio of the pitch l to the outer diameter D of 2;
FIG. 2c is a front view of a spiral quartz glass tube with a ratio of the pitch l to the outer diameter D of 2;
FIG. 3a is a top view of two helical quartz glass tubes with a ratio of pitch l to outer diameter D of 2;
FIG. 3b is a left side view of two spiral quartz glass tubes wound with a ratio of pitch l to outer diameter D of 2;
FIG. 3c is a front view of two spiral quartz glass tubes wound with a ratio of pitch l to outer diameter D of 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a small solar thermal power plant;
FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of the operation of a large solar thermal power plant;
fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of one of the flow patterns of solid particles and air in a heat sink in a large solar thermal power plant;
fig. 5c is a schematic diagram of the second flow pattern of solid particles and air in the heat absorber of a large solar thermal power plant.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the solid particle heat absorber of the invention comprises a spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1, solid particles 2, an outer insulating layer 3, a low-temperature particle storage tank 5, a low-temperature particle storage tank outlet valve 7, a high-temperature particle storage tank inlet valve 8, a high-temperature particle storage tank 10, a motor 11, a ventilator 12, an air filter 13, a main air flow regulating valve 14, a high-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop air flow metal screen 15, a low-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop air flow metal screen 16, a particle distributor 17, a particle collector 18, an inlet guide section 19 and an outlet guide section 20. Solid particles 2 are accommodated in a spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1. The outer insulating layer 3 surrounds the periphery of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 and is positioned on the side back to the radiant energy flow. The inlet guide section 19 is arranged at the upper part of the spiral quartz glass tube component 1; the outlet guide section 20 is mounted in the lower part of the spiral-shaped quartz glass tube assembly 1. The particle distributor 17 is arranged above the inlet guide section 19; a particle collector 18 is disposed below the exducer section 20. The cryogenic particle storage tank 5 is placed above the particle dispenser 17; the high temperature particle storage tank 10 is positioned below the particle collector 18. The outlet valve 7 of the low-temperature particle storage tank is arranged between the low-temperature particle storage tank 5 and the particle distributor 17; the high temperature particle storage tank inlet valve 8 is installed between the particle collector 18 and the high temperature particle storage tank 10. The ventilator 12 is arranged on the backlight side of the outer insulating layer 3, and the outlet of the ventilator 12 is connected with the inlet guide section 19 through a main air flow pipeline which is arranged at the lower part of the particle distributor 17. The motor 11 is coaxially connected to a ventilator 12, the ventilator 12 being located between the motor 11 and the main airflow duct. The air filter 13 is connected to the inlet of the ventilator 12. A main air flow regulating valve 14 is connected between the outlet of the ventilator 12 and the main air flow duct 19, and the outlet air flow of the ventilator 12 passes through the main air flow regulating valve 14 in the main air flow duct 19 to be mixed with the low temperature solid particles flowing out of the particle distributor 17 under gravity drive. An airflow metal filter screen 15 of an outlet loop of the high-temperature particle storage tank is arranged at an outlet of the high-temperature particle storage tank 10; the outlet loop airflow metal screen 16 of the low-temperature particle storage tank is arranged at the outlet of the low-temperature particle storage tank 5).
Before operation, the outlet valve 7 of the low-temperature particle storage tank is opened, and the low-temperature solid particles 6 in the low-temperature particle storage tank 5 enter the particle distributor 17 under the action of gravity. In operation, the main gas flow regulating valve 14 at the outlet of the ventilator 12 is opened, and the main gas flow is mixed with the solid particles flowing out of the particle distributor 17 and then enters the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 through the inlet guide section 19. When the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 is filled with solid particles 2, the particle collector 18 starts to collect the solid particles leaving the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 through the exducer section 20. The falling of the solid particles in the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 is driven by gravity and main air flow, the particle collector 18 is adjusted according to the input radiant energy flow 4, and the parameters of the main air flow determine the solid particle flow of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1, so that the solid particles are ensured to continuously flow into and out of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1, and the heat absorption process is completed. The low-temperature solid particles 6 absorb heat to become high-temperature solid particles 9, and the high-temperature solid particles are stored in a high-temperature particle storage tank 10. The high-temperature air in the high-temperature particle storage tank sequentially passes through the metal filter screen 15, the low-temperature particle storage tank 5, the metal filter screen 16 and the air filter 13 and returns to the inlet of the ventilator 12, and the high-temperature air releases heat energy in the low-temperature particle storage tank 5 to become normal-temperature air for recycling.
As shown in fig. 2a, 2b and 2c, a single spiral quartz glass tube with a ratio of pitch l to pitch D of 2 has a light leakage area, and when the spiral quartz glass tube is filled with solid particles, part of the condensed radiation is dissipated in the gap between the tubes.
As shown in fig. 3a, 3b and 3c, when two spiral quartz glass tubes with a ratio of pitch l to outer diameter D of 2 are wound, when solid particles fill up the spiral quartz glass tubes, the radiation light leakage area is almost zero, the condensed radiation is not dissipated through the gaps between the tubes, and a high heat absorption efficiency can be obtained. And when l/D is equal to 3, three spiral quartz glass tubes are required to be wound to ensure that the radiation light leakage area is zero.
As shown in fig. 4, the small solar thermal power station has a small spot size of the condensed light, and the heat absorber is represented by three sets of parallel spiral quartz glass tube assemblies 1. When the solar radiation is sufficient, the heliostat field 21 converges the sunlight on the heat absorber, the solid particles flow out of the particle distributor 17 under the action of gravity to be mixed with the air flow 27 and then enter the heat absorber, the heated solid particles and the air enter the high-temperature particle storage tank 10, and the high-temperature solid particles 9 are stored in the high-temperature particle storage tank 10. The heated high-temperature air flows into the steam generator 22 through the metal filter screen 15 and exchanges heat with high-pressure water pumped by the water pump 26, the high-temperature air changes into normal-temperature air 28 after releasing heat in the steam generator 22, the high-pressure water changes into superheated steam after absorbing heat in the steam generator 22 and then inputs the superheated steam into the steam turbine 23 to do work and drive the generator 24 to generate electricity, the superheated steam after doing work by the steam turbine 23 becomes exhaust steam, the exhaust steam becomes liquid water after exchanging heat by the condenser 25, and the liquid water is pumped into the steam generator 22 by the water pump 26 to complete thermodynamic cycle. When the solar radiation is insufficient, the air flow 27 enters the high-temperature particle storage tank 10, and is changed into high-temperature air flow after exchanging heat with the high-temperature solid particles 9 in the high-temperature particle storage tank 10, and the thermodynamic cycle is repeated.
As shown in fig. 5a, the spot size of the light collected by a large solar thermal power plant is large, and in order to sufficiently absorb the collected light radiation and prevent the heat absorber from overheating, the heat absorber is represented by two rows of spiral quartz glass tube assemblies 1 connected in series. When the solar radiation is sufficient, the heliostat field 21 converges the sunlight on the heat absorber, the solid particles flow out of the particle distributor 17 under the action of gravity, are mixed with the air flow 27 and then enter the heat absorber, the heated solid particles and the air enter the high-temperature particle storage tank 10, and the high-temperature solid particles 9 are stored in the high-temperature particle storage tank 10. The heated high-temperature air flows into the steam generator 22 through the metal filter screen 15 and exchanges heat with high-pressure water pumped by the water pump 26, the high-temperature air changes into normal-temperature air 28 after releasing heat in the steam generator 22, the high-pressure water changes into superheated steam after absorbing heat in the steam generator 22 and then inputs the superheated steam into the steam turbine 23 to do work and drive the generator 24 to generate electricity, the superheated steam after doing work by the steam turbine 23 becomes exhaust steam, the exhaust steam becomes liquid water after exchanging heat by the condenser 25, and the liquid water is pumped into the steam generator 22 by the water pump 26 to complete thermodynamic cycle. When the solar radiation is insufficient, the air flow 27 enters the high-temperature particle storage tank 10, and is changed into high-temperature air flow after exchanging heat with the high-temperature solid particles 9 in the high-temperature particle storage tank 10, and the thermodynamic cycle is repeated.
As shown in fig. 5b, in a large-scale solar thermal power plant, solid particles first fall freely and then spirally in a heat absorber. The solid particles and air flow through the vertical pipe 29, enter the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 through the inlet guide section 19, and then flow out of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 through the outlet guide section 20. A vertical pipe 29 is located inside the other spiral quartz glass tube assembly above the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1, the vertical pipe 29 being connected with the upper part of the intake guide section 19. The solid particles and air do not receive the concentrated light radiation in the vertical duct 29, but in the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1. As shown in fig. 5c, in the large-scale solar thermal power plant, the solid particles first spirally fall and then freely fall in the heat absorber. The solid particles and air enter the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 through the inlet guide section 19, then flow out of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 through the outlet guide section 20, and enter the vertical pipe 29. A vertical pipe 29 is located inside the other spiral quartz glass tube assembly below the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1, the vertical pipe 29 being connected with the lower part of the exducer section 20. The solid particles and air receive concentrated radiation in the spiral quartz glass tube assembly 1 and do not receive concentrated radiation in the vertical tube 29.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a solar thermal energy electricity generation is with delaying whereabouts formula solid particle heat absorber which characterized in that: the solid particle heat absorber comprises a spiral quartz glass tube assembly (1), solid particles (2), an outer heat-insulating layer (3), a low-temperature particle storage tank (5), a low-temperature particle storage tank outlet valve (7), a high-temperature particle storage tank inlet valve (8), a high-temperature particle storage tank (10), a motor (11), a ventilator (12), an air filter (13), a main air flow regulating valve (14), a high-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen (15), a low-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen (16), a particle distributor (17), a particle collector (18), an inlet guide section (19) and an outlet guide section (20); solid particles (2) are arranged in the spiral quartz glass tube component (1); the outer insulating layer surrounds the periphery of the spiral quartz glass tube assembly and is positioned on the surface back to radiant energy flow; the inlet guide section (19) is arranged at the upper part of the spiral quartz glass tube component (1); the outlet guide section (20) is arranged at the lower part of the spiral quartz glass tube component (1); the particle distributor (17) is arranged above the inlet guide section (19); the particle collector (18) is arranged below the outlet guide section (20); the low-temperature particle storage tank (5) is arranged above the particle distributor (17); the high-temperature particle storage tank (10) is arranged below the particle collector (18); the outlet valve (7) of the low-temperature particle storage tank is arranged between the low-temperature particle storage tank (5) and the particle distributor (17); the inlet valve (8) of the high-temperature particle storage tank is arranged between the particle collector (18) and the high-temperature particle storage tank (10); the ventilator (12) is arranged on the backlight side of the outer heat-insulating layer (3), the outlet of the ventilator (12) is connected with the inlet flow guide section (19) through a main air flow pipeline, and the main air flow pipeline (19) is positioned at the lower part of the particle distributor (17); the motor (11) is coaxially connected with the ventilator (12), and the ventilator (12) is positioned between the motor (11) and the main airflow pipeline; the air filter (13) is connected with the inlet of the ventilator (12); a main air flow regulating valve (14) is connected between the outlet of the ventilator (12) and the main air flow pipeline (19), and the outlet air flow of the ventilator (12) passes through the main air flow regulating valve (14) to be mixed with the low-temperature solid particles flowing out of the particle distributor (17) under the drive of gravity; an airflow metal filter screen (15) of an outlet loop of the high-temperature particle storage tank is arranged at an outlet of the high-temperature particle storage tank (10); an airflow metal filter screen (16) of an outlet loop of the low-temperature particle storage tank is arranged at an outlet of the low-temperature particle storage tank (5);
the spiral quartz glass tube component (1) is formed by winding more than two spiral quartz glass tubes, solid particles (2) are directly heated by input radiation energy flow (4) when flowing in the spiral quartz glass tube component (1), and the spiral rising angle α and the solid particle repose angle theta of a single spiral quartz glass tuberThe relationship between them satisfies:
α＝θr-(1°～5°)。
2. a delayed falling solid particle heat absorber for solar thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: before operation, opening an outlet valve (7) of the low-temperature particle storage tank, and enabling low-temperature solid particles (6) in the low-temperature particle storage tank (5) to enter a particle distributor (17) under the action of gravity; when the device works, a main air flow regulating valve (14) at the outlet of the ventilator (12) is opened, and the main air flow is mixed with solid particles flowing out of the particle distributor (17) and then enters the spiral quartz glass tube assembly (1) through an inlet guide section (19); when the spiral quartz glass tube assembly (1) is filled with solid particles (2), the particle collector (18) starts to collect the solid particles (2) leaving the spiral quartz glass tube assembly (1) through the outlet guide section (20); the falling of the solid particles (2) in the spiral quartz glass tube component (1) is driven by gravity and main airflow, the particle collector (18) and main airflow parameters are adjusted according to the input radiant energy flow (4), the solid particle flow of the spiral quartz glass tube component (1) is determined, the solid particles are ensured to continuously flow into and out of the spiral quartz glass tube component (1), and the heat absorption process is completed; the low-temperature solid particles (6) absorb heat to become high-temperature solid particles (9) which are stored in a high-temperature particle storage tank (10); high-temperature air in the high-temperature particle storage tank (10) returns to an inlet of the ventilator (12) through the metal filter screen (15), the low-temperature particle storage tank (5), the metal filter screen (16) and the air filter (13) in sequence, and the high-temperature air releases heat energy in the low-temperature particle storage tank (5) to become normal-temperature air for recycling.
3. A delayed falling solid particle heat absorber for solar thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the aperture of the high-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen (15) and the aperture of the low-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen (16) are smaller than the average diameter of solid particles, and the high-temperature particle storage tank outlet loop airflow metal filter screen does not deform at high temperature.
4. A delayed falling solid particle heat absorber for solar thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the particle distributor (17) and the particle collector (18) are used for adjusting the particle flow form and the particle flow rate in the quartz glass tube bundle (1) and the residence time of solid particles in the quartz glass tube bundle (1).
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| CN109827347A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-05-31 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Solar receiver |
| CN110986389A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-10 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Quartz glass tube solar heat absorber with insert |
| CN112358320A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-12 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Electrical heating solid particle system |
| CN113390190B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-06-21 | 吉林建筑大学 | Secondary reflection type particle heat absorber |
| CN114183938B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-08-08 | 浙江高晟光热发电技术研究院有限公司 | Particle heat absorber and solar power generation system |
| CN114576874B (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2023-10-31 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Solid particle heat absorber filled with special-shaped ceramic tubes and used for solar thermal power generation |
| CN115013988B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-11-14 | 武汉理工大学 | Heat absorption pipe and solar heat absorber |
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| CN102135334A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-07-27 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Silica glass tube bundle type air heat absorber for solar heat generating station |
| CN102818379B (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-04-09 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Solid-particle air heat absorber used for solar thermal power plant |
| CN105318567A (en) * | 2015-02-07 | 2016-02-10 | 成都奥能普科技有限公司 | Solid particle block tower-type solar ejection driven heat-exchange and heat-transmission system |
| CN204854034U (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-12-09 | 成都奥能普科技有限公司 | Solid grain piece butterfly solar thermal converters |
| CN105135716B (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-12 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Tubular solar heat absorber provided with insert and solid particles |
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