CN109666860B - Method for improving anti-coking performance of alloy and alloy material - Google Patents
Method for improving anti-coking performance of alloy and alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109666860B CN109666860B CN201710964175.8A CN201710964175A CN109666860B CN 109666860 B CN109666860 B CN 109666860B CN 201710964175 A CN201710964175 A CN 201710964175A CN 109666860 B CN109666860 B CN 109666860B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/16—Oxidising using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide
- C23C8/18—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of alloy materials, and discloses a method for improving the anti-coking performance of an alloy and an alloy material. The method comprises the following steps: surface-treating an alloy having a surface roughness of 0.2 to 10 μm using a mixed gas containing sulfide vapor, water vapor and a reducing gas, the alloy containing, based on the total weight of the alloy, Fe: 76.4-97.5 wt%; cr: 1.5-20 wt%; mn: 0.3-0.8 wt%; si: 0.4-2 wt%; c: 0.1-0.2 wt%; mo: 0.2-0.6 wt%. The invention also discloses an alloy material obtained by the method. The alloy material modified by the method has obviously improved anti-coking performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of alloy materials, in particular to a method for improving the anti-coking performance of an alloy and an alloy material.
Background
In an ethylene cracking apparatus, a quenching boiler plays a dual role of rapidly cooling a cracked gas to terminate a secondary reaction and generating high-pressure steam using heat of the cracked gas. Coking in the heat exchange tube is a prominent problem in the operation process of the quenching boiler. In particular, when the cracking feedstock is heavy oil (heavy AGO, VGO, etc.), coking in the quench boiler is more severe, and this constitutes a major limiting factor in the operating cycle of the cracking apparatus. To ensure the smooth flow, the cracking furnace has to be shut down irregularly to decoke the quench boiler (mechanical or hydraulic decoking). This not only affects the operating rate of the cracking furnace, but also shortens the service life of the cracking furnace. In addition, the resistance drop of the quenching boiler is increased by quenching the coking of the boiler, and the partial pressure of the hydrocarbon in the radiation furnace tube is increased by increasing the upstream pressure, so that the selectivity of the cracking furnace tube to the olefin is reduced, and the yield of the olefin is reduced; and because the heat conductivity coefficient of coke scale in the quenching boiler is very small, the rising of the outlet temperature of the quenching boiler not only reduces the recovery amount of high-temperature-level heat energy, but also increases the heat load of the oil washing system, and brings difficulty to the balanced operation of the oil washing system. Therefore, how to inhibit or slow down coking of the quenching boiler becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
US20030183248A1 discloses a method for accelerating the coking reaction by injecting a small amount of K-containing gas into a quench boiler during the coking process2CrO4And K2Cr2O7The composite coke-cleaning promoter such as the aqueous solution of the IA or IIA group chromate or dichromate and carbonate not only accelerates the burning rate, but also prolongs the operation period of the boiler, because the burning is cleaner and the residual coke layer becomes thinner. However, the used composite coke cleaning accelerant has strong oxidizing property, has large corrosion to a quenching boiler after long-term use, and leads the coke cleaning process to be more complicated by additionally introducing the composite coke cleaning accelerant, and K is+It is easy to corrode the furnace tube.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a method for improving the anti-coking performance of an alloy and an alloy material.
In order to accomplish the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparing an alloy having anti-coking properties, the method comprising: surface-treating an alloy having a surface roughness of 0.2 to 10 μm with a mixed gas containing sulfide vapor, water vapor and a reducing gas, the alloy containing the following elements based on the total weight of the alloy:
Fe：76.4-97.5wt％；
Cr：1.5-20wt％；
Mn：0.3-0.8wt％；
Si：0.4-2wt％；
C：0.1-0.2wt％；
Mo：0.2-0.6wt％。
the second aspect of the invention provides an alloy material treated by the above method.
By adopting the technical scheme, the anti-coking performance of the alloy is remarkably improved, the quenching boiler prepared by using the alloy material can effectively prolong the operation period without introducing a decoking reagent which also has a corrosion effect on the boiler, and the decoking process is simplified.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving the anti-coking performance of an alloy, which comprises the following steps: an alloy having a surface roughness of 0.2 to 10 μm (preferably 0.4 to 8 μm or 0.4 to 6.3 μm) is surface-treated with a mixed gas containing sulfide vapor, water vapor and a reducing gas, the alloy containing the following elements based on the total weight of the alloy:
Fe：76.4-97.5wt％；
Cr：1.5-20wt％；
Mn：0.3-0.8wt％；
Si：0.4-2wt％；
C：0.1-0.2wt％；
Mo：0.2-0.6wt％。
the surface roughness is characterized by the arithmetic mean deviation Ra of the profile, and can be measured by a comparison method, namely, the Ra of a sample to be measured is determined by comparing the sample to be measured with a sample plate marked with a determined Ra value under a microscope; ra can also be measured by a stylus method with the aid of a surface roughness measuring instrument. The elemental compositions of the alloy involved in the present invention are all elemental compositions before surface treatment.
In the invention, the mixed gas is used for carrying out surface treatment on the alloy so as to oxidize or vulcanize elements on the surface of the alloy, thereby being particularly beneficial to improving the anti-coking performance of the alloy. The content of each component in the mixed gas is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the volume ratio of the sulfide vapor, the water vapor and the reducing gas is in the range of 0.1 to 3: 0.1-1000: 1000, more preferably 0.2 to 2: 50-1000: 1000. in the present invention, the volume of the gas means the volume under the standard condition (0 ℃ C., 101kPa), unless otherwise specified.
The type of sulfide in the sulfide vapor is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be inorganic sulfide and/or organic sulfide commonly used in the art, for example, the sulfide in the sulfide vapor may be H2S、SO2、SF6、COS、CS2、CH3SH、CH3CH2SH、CH3SCH3、CH3CH2SCH2CH3、CH3S-SCH3And CH3CH2S-SCH2CH3At least one of (1).
In the present invention, the reducing gas may be any of various low oxygen partial pressure gases (oxygen partial pressure means the pressure of oxygen present in the gas), that is, a gas which is difficult to decompose and generates oxygen, and is usually a reducing gas containing no oxygen element, preferably H2、CH4、C2H6、C3H8、C2H4、C3H6、C2H2、C3H4And NH3At least one of (1).
In the invention, the anti-coking performance of the alloy can be effectively improved even under the condition of higher oxygen partial pressure. Therefore, the oxygen partial pressure of the mixed gas may be more than 10-16Pa, preferably 1.2 × 10-16Pa to 10-9Pa。
According to the present invention, the mixed gas may further contain an inactive gas, and preferably, the volume ratio of the inactive gas to the reducing gas is 1 to 100: 100. the inert gas may be any gas that is not susceptible to chemical reaction, such as nitrogen and/or an inert gas. The inert gas is preferably at least one of nitrogen, argon and helium.
The present invention is not particularly limited in the manner of obtaining the mixed gas, and for example, the mixed gas may be obtained by directly mixing the above gases, or may be obtained by passing the reducing gas (and optionally the inert gas) through an aqueous solution containing a sulfide soluble in water, or may be obtained by passing the reducing gas (and optionally the inert gas) sequentially through a sulfide in a liquid state and water.
According to the present invention, the conditions for the surface treatment are not particularly required. Preferably, the mixed gas provides a pressure of 0.05 to 0.2 MPa. Preferably, the temperature of the surface treatment is 600-. Preferably, the surface treatment time is 5 to 100h, more preferably 10 to 60 h. In the present invention, the pressures are gauge pressures.
The method of the present invention is particularly useful for improving the anti-coking properties of alloys containing the above elements. The alloy according to the present invention contains Cr in an amount within the above range as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved, but preferably, the content of Cr is 2 to 15 wt%, more preferably 10 to 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the alloy.
The alloy according to the present invention contains Mn so long as the amount thereof is controlled within the above range to achieve the object of the present invention, but preferably, the content of Mn is 0.55 to 0.65 wt% based on the total weight of the alloy.
The alloy according to the present invention contains Si so long as the amount thereof is controlled within the above range to achieve the object of the present invention, but preferably, the content of Si is 0.5 to 1.9 wt%, more preferably 0.79 to 1.03 wt%, based on the total weight of the alloy.
The alloy according to the present invention contains C in an amount controlled within the above range to achieve the object of the present invention, but preferably, the content of C is 0.14 to 0.17 wt% based on the total weight of the alloy.
The alloy according to the present invention contains Mo in an amount controlled within the above range to achieve the object of the present invention, but preferably, the content of Mo is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%, more preferably 0.3 to 0.33 wt%, based on the total weight of the alloy.
The main component of the alloy according to the invention is Fe, the content of which is in the above-mentioned range or can be calculated from the content of other elements, i.e. in a particular embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains, in addition to the above-mentioned elements, the balance Fe.
Controlling the content of each component within the above preferred ranges can further improve the anti-coking properties of the alloy of the present invention.
The alloy used in the present invention can be obtained by a conventional method as long as the composition thereof is controlled within the above range. For example, the alloy used in the present invention may be prepared by a method comprising: the alloy raw material is smelted and cooled to obtain an alloy, which is treated by means of additional machining if its surface roughness is not within the aforementioned range of the present invention. Wherein the composition of the alloy raw materials is such that the resulting alloy is the alloy as described above. Methods of selecting the composition of the alloy feedstock to obtain an alloy having a desired composition and surface roughness are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
In the invention, the method further comprises the step of casting the obtained alloy to obtain the alloy material with a specific shape.
The invention also provides an alloy material obtained by the method. The modified alloy has better coking resistance, and can replace the existing materials to prepare devices such as quenching boilers and the like, thereby improving the coking resistance of the quenching boilers. Thus, the modified alloys of the present invention are suitable for use in chemical processing hydrocarbon devices, particularly those having relatively high reaction temperatures (e.g., 450 ℃ C. and 750 ℃ C.) such as cracking furnace tubes.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
In the following examples, the surface roughness was measured by a stylus method with the aid of a surface roughness measuring instrument; the physicochemical parameters of the (industrial) naphtha used are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Test examples 1 to 21
(1) Preparing alloy raw materials for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, cooling to obtain alloy materials, machining the obtained alloy materials into 5mm × 5mm × 3mm test pieces D1.1-D1.7 with different surface roughness (Ra, mum, shown in table 2), weighing, and analyzing the element composition of the test pieces by an X-ray Energy Dispersion Spectrometer (EDS) (the same below), wherein the results are shown in table 2 (the total amount of the alloy is used as a reference, the balance is Fe in percentage by weight, and the 1# -7# are respectively the element compositions of D1.1-D1.7).
Test piece coking experiment in size
The furnace tube of (a): naphtha and steam enter a preheater at 600 ℃ after being preheatedThe furnace tube of the small-scale cracking furnace with the length of 800mm is heated to 850 ℃ by adopting a resistance wire within the length range of 0-600mm, and is kept at a constant temperature, and is not heated within the length range of 600-800 mm. The test pieces were suspended at a position of 750mm (similar to the quench boiler of an industrial cracker), where the temperature was about 580 ℃. The naphtha feed was 100g/h, the water-oil ratio was 0.5, the cracking time was 4 hours, and the physical properties of the naphtha used were as shown in Table 1.
After the cracking experiment is finished, stopping heating and feeding, and introducing N2And (5) protecting with air, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Taking out the test piece from the furnace tube, weighing and calculating the coking amount (mg/cm)2) To examine the performance of the catalyst in inhibiting coking. The results of the coking amounts are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2
| Numbering | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ra |
| 1# | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.52 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 12.5 |
| 2# | 0.16 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 5.05 | 0.28 | 6.3 |
| 3# | 0.15 | 0.79 | 0.58 | 15 | 0.33 | 3.2 |
| 4# | 0.14 | 1.03 | 0.64 | 10.1 | 0.3 | 1.6 |
| 5# | 0.14 | 1.03 | 0.64 | 10.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
| 6# | 0.17 | 1.9 | 0.59 | 2.08 | 0.27 | 0.4 |
| 7# | 0.14 | 3.95 | 0.96 | 5.57 | 1.22 | 0.8 |
(2) Preparing alloy raw materials, smelting at 1500 ℃, cooling, machining into 5mm × 5mm × 3mm test pieces S1-S7 with different surface roughness (Ra, mum), analyzing element composition (element composition and Ra are respectively shown in 1# -7# of table 2), performing surface treatment on the alloy by using mixed gas containing sulfide steam, water vapor and reducing gas, weighing the material after surface treatment, and performing a coking experiment by using the same method, wherein the used gas and the surface treatment conditions are as follows:
s1: temperature 600 ℃, mixed gas H2S-H2O-H2-N2(the volume ratio is 0.2: 1000: 100, the pressure is 0.2MPa), and the time is 10 h;
s2: temperature 700 ℃, mixed gas SO2-H2O-CH4Ar (volume ratio 0.64: 600: 1000: 200, provided at a pressure of 0.2MPa) for a period of 20 h;
s3: temperature 750 ℃, mixed gas SF6-H2O-C2H6-He (volume ratio 1.1: 400: 1000: 500, provided at a pressure of 0.05MPa) for a period of 30 h;
s4: the temperature is 800 ℃, and the mixed gas COS-H2O-C3H8-C2H4-N2Ar (volume ratio 1.4: 200: 500, provided at a pressure of 0.1MPa) for a period of 40 h;
s5: temperature 9Mixed gas CS at 00 DEG C2-H2O-C3H6-C2H2-N2-He (volume ratio 1.8: 100: 200: 800: 5, provided at a pressure of 0.1MPa) for a period of 50 h;
s6: the temperature is 1000 ℃, and the mixed gas CH3SH-H2O-C3H4-NH3-Ar-He (volume ratio 2: 50: 500: 5: 45, provided at a pressure of 0.1MPa) for 60 h;
s7: the gas used, the surface treatment conditions, and the like are the same as those of S5;
the amounts of coking in S1-S7 are shown in Table 3.
(3) Test pieces D2.1 to D2.7 (the elemental compositions and Ra are also shown in # 1 to # 7 of Table 2, respectively) were prepared and subjected to a coking test in accordance with the method of step (2), except that the mixed gas contained no sulfide vapor. The amount of coking is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
| Elemental composition | Test piece numbering | Amount of coking | Test piece numbering | Amount of coking | Test piece numbering | Amount of coking |
| 1# | D1.1 | 36.4 | D2.1 | 35.3 | S1 | 25.4 |
| 2# | D1.2 | 16.3 | D2.2 | 13.7 | S2 | 11.1 |
| 3# | D1.3 | 10.8 | D2.3 | 8.9 | S3 | 5.8 |
| 4# | D1.4 | 11.5 | D2.4 | 10.2 | S4 | 8.2 |
| 5# | D1.5 | 14.8 | D2.5 | 10.7 | S5 | 7.6 |
| 6# | D1.6 | 19.8 | D2.6 | 14.9 | S6 | 10.2 |
| 7# | D1.7 | 37.4 | D2.7 | 36.5 | S7 | 27.2 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the coking amount of the alloy modified by the method is obviously less than that of the alloy prepared by the method with the element composition and the surface treatment mode out of the scope of the invention, and the alloy material modified by the method has excellent anti-coking performance and is particularly suitable for being used as a cracking furnace tube. In particular, the elemental compositions of S1 and S7, which were outside the scope of the present invention, were surface treated in a similar manner to S2-S6, but the amount of coking of S2-S6 was lower with elemental compositions within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, further mechanical property tests show that the modified alloy material has excellent mechanical property and can meet the use requirements of chemical processing hydrocarbon devices (particularly cracking furnace tubes).
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of increasing the coking resistance of an alloy, the method comprising: surface-treating an alloy having a surface roughness of 0.2 to 10 μm with a mixed gas containing sulfide vapor, water vapor and a reducing gas, the alloy containing the following elements based on the total weight of the alloy:
Cr：10-15wt％；
Mn：0.55-0.65wt％；
Si：0.79-1.03wt％；
C：0.14-0.17wt％；
Mo：0.25-0.35wt％；
the balance being Fe.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of sulfide steam, water vapor and reducing gas is 0.1-3: 0.1-1000: 1000.
3. the method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the sulfide in the sulfide vapor is H2S、SO2、SF6、COS、CS2、CH3SH、CH3CH2SH、CH3SCH3、CH3CH2SCH2CH3、CH3S-SCH3And CH3CH2S-SCH2CH3At least one of;
and/or the reducing gas is H2、CH4、C2H6、C3H8、C2H4、C3H6、C2H2、C3H4And NH3At least one of;
and/or the oxygen partial pressure of the mixed gas is more than 10-16Pa。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the oxygen partial pressure of the mixed gas is 1.2 × 10-16Pa to 10-9Pa。
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed gas further contains an inactive gas, and the volume ratio of the inactive gas to the reducing gas is 1-100: 100.
6. the method of claim 5, wherein the non-reactive gas is at least one of nitrogen, argon, and helium.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed gas provides a pressure of 0.05-0.2 MPa; and/or the temperature of the surface treatment is 600-1000 ℃; and/or the surface treatment time is 5-100 h.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content of Mo is 0.3-0.33 wt%.
9. An alloy material obtained by the process of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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