CN109666773A - The method for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer - Google Patents

The method for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109666773A
CN109666773A CN201910087520.3A CN201910087520A CN109666773A CN 109666773 A CN109666773 A CN 109666773A CN 201910087520 A CN201910087520 A CN 201910087520A CN 109666773 A CN109666773 A CN 109666773A
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China
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cast iron
molten cast
tundish
ultrasonic
ultrasonic irradiation
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CN201910087520.3A
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李军文
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Dalian Jiaotong University
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Dalian Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN201910087520.3A priority Critical patent/CN109666773A/en
Publication of CN109666773A publication Critical patent/CN109666773A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to Foundry Production technical field, specific more particularly to a kind of method for generating spherical graphite in molten cast iron using ultrasonic cavitation effect.Step of the invention includes: A, raw material is prepared and melting: the raw material prepared being put into induction furnace and are melted, and make melt overheat to 1150-1600 DEG C；B, it pours into tundish: molten cast iron being poured onto the tundish that preheated temperature is 1000-1300 DEG C；C, apply ultrasonic irradiation: when molten cast iron temperature is down to 1380-1520 DEG C, ultrasonic probe being immersed into molten cast iron liquid level or less about 1-40mm, ultrasonic irradiation is applied to the molten cast iron in tundish；D, it removes ultrasonic probe: after ultrasonic irradiation, removing ultrasonic irradiation probe；E, the molten cast iron after ultrasonic irradiation casting sizing: is poured into coagulation forming in casting mold.Technical solution of the present invention solves traditional spheronization process, while consuming a large amount of, the expensive nodulizer and inovulant containing rare earth element, great pollution is also resulted in molten cast iron itself, operator and surrounding enviroment, but also there are problems that nodularization efficiency.

Description

The method for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer
Technical field
It is specific more particularly to a kind of molten in cast iron using ultrasonic cavitation effect the present invention relates to Foundry Production technical field The method of spherical graphite is generated in body.
Background technique
It is spherical graphite that its definition of so-called spherical graphite (spheroidal graphite), which is three-dimensional shape,.Spheroidal graphite casting Contain the graphite of this shape in iron.In general, spheroidal graphite cast-iron is the height for obtaining grey cast-iron after nodularization and inoculation Performance cast iron, the graphite of precipitation is in spherical so referred to as spheroidal graphite cast-iron.Generally before casting, a small amount of nodularization is added in iron liquid Agent (usually magnesium, magnesium-rare earth or the rare earth alloy containing cerium) and inovulant (usually ferrosilicon), form after making molten steel solidification Globular graphite.
Nineteen forty-seven, sieve (Henton Morrogh) is not found the H of former Britain's cast iron association (BCIRA) head of research, Cerium (Ce) is added in hypereutectic grey cast-iron, makes its content in 0.02wt% or more, graphite is in spherical --- this is the mankind Spheroidal graphite cast-iron is succeeded in developing for the first time.
Norium is added in the high temperature liquid iron of high silicon, high-carbon and low-sulfur, is then carried out again with ferrosilicon or silico-calcium Inoculation will obtain spheroidal graphite cast-iron.But again too tight to the limitation of hot metal composition for fear of the valuableness of rare earth metal at that time, ball Black cast iron fails industrially to be applied.
Until 1948, U.S. A.P.Ganganebin et al. research was pointed out, magnesium is added in cast iron, then pregnant with ferrosilicon It educates, when residual magnesium content is greater than 0.04wt%, globular graphite will be obtained.From this, it is raw that spheroidal graphite cast-iron has started large-scale industry It produces.
Since carbon (graphite) is present in cast iron matrix with spherical, improve its effect of isolating to matrix, spheroidal graphite cast-iron Tensile strength, yield strength, plasticity, impact flexibility greatly improve, especially plasticity and toughness, to obtain also higher than carbon steel Intensity, and have many advantages, such as that wear-resisting, damping, processing performance are good, at low cost, so can be at some ranges " with iron Dai Gang ".It is existing Substitute malleable cast iron and part cast steel, forged steel pieces extensively, such as: crankshaft, connecting rod, roll, automobile axle.
This traditional spheronization process is consuming a large amount of, the expensive nodulizer containing rare earth element and inovulant Meanwhile great pollution, but also asking there are nodularization efficiency are also resulted in molten cast iron itself, operator and surrounding enviroment Topic.
For it is above-mentioned the problems of in the prior art, researching and designing it is a kind of it is novel generated without using nodulizer it is spherical The method of graphite, so that it is very necessary for overcoming the problems of in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
According to existing spheronization process set forth above, in a large amount of, the expensive nodulizer containing rare earth element of consumption and pregnant While educating agent, great pollution is also resulted in molten cast iron itself, operator and surrounding enviroment, but also there are nodularization effects The technical issues of rate, and a kind of method for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer is provided.The present invention is mainly ultrasonic using utilizing Wave cavitation effect generates the physical method of spherical graphite in molten cast iron, to reach energy-saving and environmental protection, high-quality, efficient effect Fruit.
The technological means that the present invention uses is as follows:
A method of spherical graphite is generated without using nodulizer, which is characterized in that described generates without using nodulizer The method of spherical graphite includes the following steps:
A, raw material preparation and melting: ingredient is carried out according to the component requirements of cast iron, the raw material prepared are put into induction furnace In, it is allowed to melt, and make melt overheat to 1150-1600 DEG C；
B, it pours into tundish: molten cast iron is poured onto preheated tundish (or directly in furnace), tundish Preheating temperature is 1000-1300 DEG C；Molten cast iron weighs about 1-100kg in tundish；
C, apply ultrasonic irradiation: when molten cast iron temperature is down to 1380-1520 DEG C, ultrasonic probe being immersed into cast iron About 1-40mm below melt liquid level applies ultrasonic irradiation to the molten cast iron in tundish (or furnace body)；The irradiation of ultrasonic wave Intensity is 0.2-10W/cm3, the frequency of ultrasonic wave is 15-40kHz, and the ultrasonic irradiation time is 1-10 minutes；Ultrasonic irradiation In the process, the interior molten cast iron of tundish (or furnace body) maintains keeping warm mode or lower cooling rate, and cooling velocity is 0.1-1.0 DEG C/ s；
D, it removes ultrasonic probe: after ultrasonic irradiation, removing ultrasonic irradiation probe.
E, the molten cast iron after ultrasonic irradiation casting sizing: is poured into coagulation forming in casting mold (or ingot casting).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
1, the method provided by the invention for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer, by passing through common molten cast iron Spherical graphite is generated after high-energy ultrasound processing, is a kind of physical treatment method independent of nodulizer and inovulant；It has There is the features such as energy-efficient, easy to operate, economic and environment-friendly, resource regeneration, is to be different from traditional chemical treatment method.
2, the method provided by the invention for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer, by utilizing ultrasonic wave in molten cast iron In the spherical graphite that can generate, be a technical challenge to traditional Production Technology of Ductile Iron.It broken with Past, the single method using magnesium or rare earth magnesium production spheroidal graphite cast-iron, also proposed new viewpoint to traditional nodularization mechanism And understanding.A kind of brand-new method of forming materials is hewed out for the forming technique of cast-iron alloy, and to the work of research ultrasound field With the changing rule of metal bath under mechanism and ultrasound field, develop and improve material molding technology of preparing all have it is important Scientific meaning.
3, the method provided by the invention for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer, by applying produced by ultrasonic irradiation Cavitation effect bubble also have the function of remove molten cast iron in gas and field trash, to obtain, crystal grain is tiny, is free of Stomata, dense structure, the tissue not being segregated, thus ultrasonic irradiation improves the pregnant effect of cast iron.
4, the method provided by the invention for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer, preparation method and production equipment structure letter Single, at low cost, less investment, it is multi-disciplinary synthesis and the liquid molding material technology intersected, and the following casting industry One of developing direction.
5, the method provided by the invention for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer, for research ultrasonic cavitation effect Mechanism of action studies the changing rule of the molten cast iron under ultrasound field, understands the formation mechenism of spherical graphite in spheroidal graphite cast-iron And develop and improve the manufacturing process and technology of spheroidal graphite cast-iron, there is important practical significance.
To sum up, it applies the technical scheme of the present invention and solves traditional spheronization process, consuming a large amount of, expensive contain While the nodulizer and inovulant of rare earth element, molten cast iron itself, operator and surrounding enviroment are also resulted in greatly Pollution, but also there are problems that nodularization efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to do simply to introduce, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is this hair Bright some embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative labor, can be with It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is not have graphite form in ultrasonic irradiation molten cast iron in the embodiment of the present invention 1,500 times；
Fig. 3 be the embodiment of the present invention 1 in ultrasonic irradiation 90s graphite form (spherical shape), 500 times；
Fig. 4 is the Surface scan image of carbon in the spherical graphite formed after ultrasonic irradiation in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase Mutually combination.The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only It is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is real to the description of at least one exemplary embodiment below It is merely illustrative on border, never as to the present invention and its application or any restrictions used.Based on the reality in the present invention Example is applied, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all belongs to In the scope of protection of the invention.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, positioned opposite, the digital table of the component and step that otherwise illustrate in these embodiments It is not limited the scope of the invention up to formula and numerical value.Simultaneously, it should be clear that for ease of description, each portion shown in attached drawing The size divided not is to draw according to actual proportionate relationship.Technology known for person of ordinary skill in the relevant, side Method and equipment may be not discussed in detail, but in the appropriate case, and the technology, method and apparatus should be considered as authorizing explanation A part of book.In shown here and discussion all examples, any occurrence should be construed as merely illustratively, and Not by way of limitation.Therefore, the other examples of exemplary embodiment can have different values.It should also be noted that similar label Similar terms are indicated in following attached drawing with letter, therefore, once it is defined in a certain Xiang Yi attached drawing, then subsequent attached It does not need that it is further discussed in figure.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, the noun of locality such as " front, rear, top, and bottom, left and right ", " it is laterally, vertical, Vertically, orientation or positional relationship indicated by level " and " top, bottom " etc. is normally based on orientation or position shown in the drawings and closes System, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, in the absence of explanation to the contrary, these nouns of locality do not indicate that It must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation with the device or element for implying signified, therefore cannot manage Solution is limiting the scope of the invention: the noun of locality " inside and outside " refers to inside and outside the profile relative to each component itself.
For ease of description, spatially relative term can be used herein, as " ... on ", " ... top ", " ... upper surface ", " above " etc., for describing such as a device shown in the figure or feature and other devices or spy The spatial relation of sign.It should be understood that spatially relative term is intended to comprising the orientation in addition to device described in figure Except different direction in use or operation.For example, being described as if the device in attached drawing is squeezed " in other devices It will be positioned as " under other devices or construction after part or construction top " or the device of " on other devices or construction " Side " or " under its device or construction ".Thus, exemplary term " ... top " may include " ... top " and " in ... lower section " two kinds of orientation.The device can also be positioned with other different modes and (is rotated by 90 ° or in other orientation), and And respective explanations are made to the opposite description in space used herein above.
In addition, it should be noted that, limiting components using the words such as " first ", " second ", it is only for be convenient for Corresponding components are distinguished, do not have Stated otherwise such as, there is no particular meanings for above-mentioned word, therefore should not be understood as to this The limitation of invention protection scope.
As shown, the present invention provides a kind of methods for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer to include the following steps:
A, raw material preparation and melting: ingredient is carried out according to the component requirements of cast iron, the raw material prepared are put into induction furnace In, it is allowed to melt, and make melt overheat to 1150-1600 DEG C；
B, it pours into tundish: molten cast iron is poured onto preheated tundish (or directly in furnace), tundish Preheating temperature is 1000-1300 DEG C；Molten cast iron weighs about 1-100kg in tundish；
C, apply ultrasonic irradiation: when molten cast iron temperature is down to 1380-1520 DEG C, ultrasonic probe being immersed into cast iron About 1-40mm below melt liquid level applies ultrasonic irradiation to the molten cast iron in tundish (or furnace body)；The irradiation of ultrasonic wave Intensity is 0.2-10W/cm3, the frequency of ultrasonic wave is 15-40kHz, and the ultrasonic irradiation time is 1-10 minutes；Ultrasonic irradiation In the process, the interior molten cast iron of tundish (or furnace body) maintains keeping warm mode or lower cooling rate, and cooling velocity is 0.1-1.0 DEG C/ s；
D, it removes ultrasonic probe: after ultrasonic irradiation, removing ultrasonic irradiation probe.
E, the molten cast iron after ultrasonic irradiation casting sizing: is poured into coagulation forming in casting mold (or ingot casting).
Embodiment 1
As shown, the present invention provides a kind of methods for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer to include the following steps:
1, steel scrap 1.22kg that the foundry iron 6.67kg for being Q12 with the trade mark, phosphorus content are 0.2%, silicon content 75% Ferrosilicon 0.09kg and the trade mark be 80C graphite carburant 0.05kg be raw material prepare 8kg gray cast iron, by prepared former material The material thyristor controlled induction furnace fusing of 100kW, and molten cast iron is superheated to 1500 DEG C；The gray cast iron name being wherein configured to Adopted ingredient is following (alloying component is mass percent, similarly hereinafter): C=3.85%；Si=1.3%；Mn < 0.3%；S< 0.03%；P < 0.07%.Carbon equivalent=4.307 belong to eutectic gray cast iron.
2, the gray cast iron melt of fusing is flow in the tundish of heat preservation through iron runner, the temperature of the heat preservation tundish maintains At 1200 DEG C；
3, when temperature is down to 1380 DEG C, ultrasonic probe is immersed into 5mm under gray cast iron melt liquid level, in tundish Iron liquid applies high-energy ultrasound irradiation, and the exposure intensity of ultrasonic wave is 0.2W/cm3, ultrasonic frequency 15kHz, ultrasonic wave photograph Penetrating the time is 1.5 minutes；The cooling velocity of tundish is 0.9 DEG C/s.
4, after 1.5 minutes ultrasonic irradiations, ultrasonic irradiation probe is removed immediately, opens the cunning of tundish bottom Block, by molten cast iron through funnel castable.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the present invention also provides a kind of method packets that spherical graphite is generated without using nodulizer Include following steps:
1, high purity graphite that the electrolytic iron for being 99.9% with content, phosphorus content are 99.99%, silicon content 99.999% HIGH-PURITY SILICON make raw material, the raw material that is configured to weight 40kg；The raw material prepared is put into induction furnace, is allowed to melt, synthesis is melted Cast iron, and it is superheated to 1600 DEG C；The chemical component for the master alloy being configured to are as follows: C=3.8%, Si=2.1%.
2, the molten cast iron of melting is flow in the tundish of heat preservation through iron runner, the temperature of the heat preservation tundish maintains 1000℃；
3, when temperature is down to 1400 DEG C, the liquid cast melt in heat preservation tundish is applied at high-energy ultrasound irradiation Reason, ultrasonic probe immerse 40mm under molten cast iron liquid level, supersonic frequency 27kHz, and the exposure intensity of ultrasonic wave is 6W/cm3, The irradiation time for applying ultrasonic wave to the molten cast iron is 8 minutes；The cooling velocity of tundish is 0.6 DEG C/s.
4, after 8 minutes ultrasonic irradiations, ultrasonic irradiation probe is removed immediately, slides the cunning of tundish bottom Block, make it is processed after molten cast iron pour into mould forming through funnel.
Embodiment 3
On the basis of embodiment 1, the present invention also provides a kind of method packets that spherical graphite is generated without using nodulizer Include following steps:
1, with the Xu Gang pig iron (C:4.05%, Si:1.61%, Mn:0.38%, P:0.063%, S:0.035%) 60kg, return Furnace iron (C:3.6%, Si:2%, Mn:0.81%, P:0.07%, S:0.07%) 30kg, steel scrap (C:0.43%, Si:0.31%, Mn:0.53%, P:0.03%, S:0.02%) 10kg, 75% ferrosilicon (containing 75%Si) 1.3kg, 70% manganese iron (containing 75%Mn) 0.5kg and pure titanium silk chip 0.3kg is the plain cast iron containing Ti that raw material are configured to 100kg, and the raw material prepared are placed on sense It answers in furnace and melts, and be superheated to 1200 DEG C；The chemical component for the alloy being configured to are as follows: C=3.6%, Si=2.3%, Mn= 0.7%, P=0.07%, S=0.07%, Ti=0.2%.
2, Ti plain cast iron melt original place in furnace will be contained to keep the temperature, and temperature is made to be down to 1100 DEG C or so；
3, when temperature is down to 1520 DEG C, ultrasonic probe is immersed into 20mm under molten cast iron liquid level, to the liquid in furnace Molten cast iron applies high-energy ultrasound treatment with irradiation, supersonic frequency 40kHz, and the exposure intensity of ultrasonic wave is 10W/cm3, to this The irradiation time that molten cast iron applies ultrasonic wave is 10 minutes；The cooling velocity of melt is 0.1 DEG C/s in furnace.
4, after ultrasonic irradiation, immediately remove ultrasonic irradiation probe, will be processed after plain cast iron containing Ti melt Body, which is directly poured into casting mold through funnel, to be shaped.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution The range of scheme.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of method for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer, which is characterized in that described generates ball without using nodulizer The method of shape graphite includes the following steps:
A, raw material preparation and melting: ingredient is carried out according to the component requirements of cast iron, the raw material prepared are put into induction furnace, are made Fusing, and make melt overheat to 1150-1600 DEG C；
B, it pours into tundish: molten cast iron being poured onto preheated tundish, the preheating temperature of tundish is 1000-1300 ℃；Molten cast iron weighs about 1-100kg in tundish；
C, apply ultrasonic irradiation: when molten cast iron temperature is down to 1380-1520 DEG C, ultrasonic probe being immersed into molten cast iron About 1-40mm below liquid level applies ultrasonic irradiation to the molten cast iron in tundish；
D, it removes ultrasonic probe: after ultrasonic irradiation, removing ultrasonic irradiation probe.
E, the molten cast iron after ultrasonic irradiation casting sizing: is poured into coagulation forming in casting mold.
2. the method according to claim 1 for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer, which is characterized in that the step The exposure intensity of ultrasonic wave is 0.2-10W/cm in C3, the frequency of ultrasonic wave is 15-40kHz, and the ultrasonic irradiation time is 1-10 Minute.
3. the method according to claim 1 or 2 for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer, which is characterized in that described During ultrasonic irradiation, molten cast iron maintains keeping warm mode or lower cooling rate, cooling velocity 0.1-1.0 in tundish ℃/s。
CN201910087520.3A 2019-01-29 2019-01-29 The method for generating spherical graphite without using nodulizer Pending CN109666773A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107447163A (en) * 2017-09-08 2017-12-08 大连理工大学 The apparatus and method that industry casts live ultrasonication molten iron
CN107671249A (en) * 2017-09-08 2018-02-09 大连理工大学 A kind of method that ultrasonic wave implements molten iron purification in nodularization bag
CN108838325A (en) * 2018-08-27 2018-11-20 安徽大来机械制造有限公司 A kind of method that ultrasonic wave added V method casts municipal manhole cover

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107447163A (en) * 2017-09-08 2017-12-08 大连理工大学 The apparatus and method that industry casts live ultrasonication molten iron
CN107671249A (en) * 2017-09-08 2018-02-09 大连理工大学 A kind of method that ultrasonic wave implements molten iron purification in nodularization bag
CN108838325A (en) * 2018-08-27 2018-11-20 安徽大来机械制造有限公司 A kind of method that ultrasonic wave added V method casts municipal manhole cover

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Application publication date: 20190423