CN109759577A - The method of intensified by ultrasonic wave metal melt filtering purification - Google Patents
The method of intensified by ultrasonic wave metal melt filtering purification Download PDFInfo
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- CN109759577A CN109759577A CN201910087491.0A CN201910087491A CN109759577A CN 109759577 A CN109759577 A CN 109759577A CN 201910087491 A CN201910087491 A CN 201910087491A CN 109759577 A CN109759577 A CN 109759577A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Foundry Production technical fields, and in particular to the method purified using intensified by ultrasonic wave metal melt filtering.The present invention includes the following steps: that A, alloy configuration, B, alloy melting, C, melt treatment, D, melt standing, E, filter preheating, F, filter placement, G, melt pour that filter, H, melt through high-frequency vibration filter, I, sound filter melt liquid stream fill type, J, filtering terminate.Technical solution of the present invention solves the problems, such as that filter efficiency in the prior art is low, ultrasonic probe high temperature corrosion is serious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Foundry Production technical fields, and in particular to the side purified using intensified by ultrasonic wave metal melt filtering
Method.
Background technique
Metallurgy and casting process in using various types of filtration device be reduce eliminate be mingled with, gas hole defect is most effective, most simple
Single method.Clean metallurgical casting melt is to ensure the primary condition for obtaining qualified ingot casting or casting, most important cleaning mark
Standard is exactly the number of dissolved hydrogen and non-metallic inclusion content, and is mainly exactly to remove in metallurgical casting melt using filter device
Non-metallic inclusion and gas.People pass through in foundry production selects various filter devices, to remove larger size
Field trash, and the Laminar Flow of molten metal is obtained, inclusion content is reduced as much as possible with this.However nonetheless, for mesh
It is preceding using more ceramic foam filter (CFF) for, to greater than 10 μm being mingled with filter effect preferably (as removal 40 μm folder
Miscellaneous efficiency up to 90%), and to less than 10 μm to be mingled with removal effect poor (only 30% or so).
In recent years, the target of people focuses on this field of in-depth filtration, is exactly to utilize various cross disciplines and technology hand
Section further promotes the quality requirement of casting melt with this.In-depth filtration purification method is broadly divided into chemically and physically two
Kind approach.
Chemical means are exactly that one kind can be resisted to the active material glaze of casting melt corrosion coated in foamed ceramics mistake
On filter, when melt filtration, glaze coating can capture the non-metallic inclusion in melt and can dissolve field trash (example
Such as: Al2O3), the filter efficiency of ceramic foam filter is improved, to achieve the purpose that purify melt.Related physical field removal of impurities side
Face, document focus mostly in terms of magnetic field.Using on single magnetic field or two kinds of variety classes magnetic field complex techniques, to promote to be mingled with produce
Raw segregation realizes purification casting melt with this achieving the purpose that remove field trash.Another outfield means are exactly using high
Energy power ultrasonic, to achieve the purpose that in-depth filtration.The ultrasonic wave auxiliary filter that can more only use for reference, being exactly will
Ultrasonic activation applies above metal bath, and the melt handled well passes through the filter device of lower section.This so-called ultrasound
Wave auxiliary filter substantially still falls within ultrasonication metal bath technology.
For it is above-mentioned the problems of in the prior art, researching and designing is a kind of novel to utilize the assisted and strengthened gold of ultrasonic wave
Belong to the method for melt filtration purification, so that it is very necessary for overcoming the problems of in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem low according to filter efficiency set forth above, ultrasonic probe high temperature corrosion is serious, and a kind of benefit is provided
With the method for the assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering purification of ultrasonic wave.Ultrasonic activation is mainly directly acted on filter by the present invention
On, it is allowed to generate high-frequency vibration, by the cavitation effect of generation, acoustic streaming effect and mechanical oscillation effect, effectively to change metallurgy
The method for casting melt filtration purification improves filter efficiency；The deep layer purification for realizing casting melt, has efficient removal of inclusions
Effect, while the present invention also efficiently avoids ultrasonic probe and the drawbacks of metal bath directly contacts；To have ring
The features such as protecting, be energy saving, high-quality, efficient.
The technological means that the present invention uses is as follows:
A method of it is purified using the assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering of ultrasonic wave, which is characterized in that the filtering is net
The method of change includes the following steps:
A, alloy configures: carrying out ingredient according to the requirement of alloying component；
B, alloy melting: the raw material prepared are placed in smelting furnace, and alloy charge was fused into metal by about 60 minutes
Melt；
C, it melt treatment: is allowed to be superheated to 50~150 DEG C of liquidus curve (TL) or more (i.e. TL+ (50~150 DEG C))；
D, melt is stood: the metal bath in smelting furnace stirs by 3~5 times, addition degasifier degasification, skims completely
Afterwards, 10~30min is stood；The additive amount of degasifier is the 0.2~1.5% of metal bath weight.
E, filter preheats: the graphite tundish for laying filter being preheated in preheating furnace, preheating temperature
It is maintained between ± 50 DEG C of liquidus temperature (i.e. TL ± 50 DEG C)；
F, filter placement: taking out the tundish for disposing filter rapidly before casting from preheating furnace, securely places
In on bracket；Bracket is connected with ultrasonic wave vibration-sensing rod end face, and opens ultrasonic power, to make filter that high frequency vibrating occur
It is dynamic；
G, melt pours filter: metal bath directly being poured into the tundish of above-mentioned placement filter；
H, melt is through high-frequency vibration filter: filter of the casting metal melt through high-frequency vibration, from top to bottom from centre
Packet bottom opening flows out, and the direction of ultrasonic activation is horizontal direction or vertical direction during filter placement；Ultrasonic wave hair
Raw device is 1 or more.The power of ultrasonic activation is in 100-10000W；The frequency of ultrasonic activation is in 16-80kHz.
I, sound filter melt liquid stream fills type: the purification melt of outflow pours into solidification forming (or ingot casting) in casting mold (or mold)；
J, filtering terminates: after metal melt filtering, closing ultrasonic power, stops the vibration of filter.
Further, metal bath is all casting melts.Such as: cast steel, cast iron, cast aluminium, casting magnesium, casting zinc and casting titanium
Alloy etc..
Further, filter is the component suitable for casting melt filtration, comprising: refractory glass fiber net, foam
Ceramic filter, straight-bore ceramic filter and active carbon particle etc. can be one or more layers superposition and use.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
1, filter is allowed to vibrate；Previous ultrasonic wave aided filter technology is the application ultrasonic wave directly above metal bath
Vibration, processed melt pass through following filter device, and filter device remain stationary motionless state；And the present invention is will to surpass
Acoustic vibration is directly passed to filter device, is allowed to generate high-frequency vibration；Thus, convection current through the intrapore melt of filter i.e. into
While row filtering, and the various favourable effects of ultrasonic wave are applied to the melt of filtration, so that it is net to reach profound filtering
Change effect.
2, probe is avoided to corrode；Ultrasonic probe is inserted directly into bath surface by previous ultrasonic wave aided filter technology,
Under high temperature and cavitation will fast erosion fall probe, not only will affect the propagation of ultrasonic wave in this way, but also be corroded
Probe enter and can pollute molten metal in melt, change the ingredient of metal bath；Ultrasonic probe is connected by the present invention with bracket,
Graphitized mesophase packet with filter is firmly seated on bracket again；Ultrasonic probe and metal bath had both been avoided in this way
It directly contacts, and ultrasonic activation is traveled in melt well；With the spies such as energy-efficient, easy to operate, economic and environment-friendly
Point is the method for being different from traditional chemical drainage.
3, applying acoustic cavitation bubble caused by ultrasonic activation in the present invention also has gas in efficiently removal metal bath
The effect of body and field trash, to realize in-depth filtration clean-up effect.
4, filter purification method of the invention and production equipment structure are simple, at low cost, less investment, reusable excellent
Point, it is physics, metallurgy, mechanical and the multi-disciplinary synthesis of material and the liquid condition shaping technology intersected, and meets the following metallurgical casting
The developing direction of industry.
5, the present invention purifies mechanism for research intensified by ultrasonic wave metal melt filtering, studies gas under the conditions of ultrasonic filtration
The removal of body and field trash understands capture mechanism and deep layer the purification mechanism of small field trash ultra-fine off field outside ultrasonic wave, all
There is important theory significance.
To sum up, it applies the technical scheme of the present invention and directly acts on ultrasonic activation on filter, be allowed to generate high frequency
Vibration, by the cavitation effect of generation, acoustic streaming effect and mechanical oscillation effect, effectively to change the purification of metallurgical casting melt filtration
Method, mainly improve filter efficiency, realize the deep layer purification of casting melt, have the function of efficient removal of inclusions.Therefore,
Technical solution of the present invention solves the problems, such as that filter efficiency is low in the prior art, ultrasonic probe high temperature corrosion is serious.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to do simply to introduce, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is this hair
Bright some embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative labor, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is pair for not having filtering, filtering and ultrasonic filtration gained oxide to be mingled with spike in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Than.
Fig. 3 is the comparison diagram for not having the filter efficiency of filtering, filtering and ultrasonic filtration in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
It is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is real to the description of at least one exemplary embodiment below
It is merely illustrative on border, never as to the present invention and its application or any restrictions used.Based on the reality in the present invention
Example is applied, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all belongs to
In the scope of protection of the invention.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, positioned opposite, the digital table of the component and step that otherwise illustrate in these embodiments
It is not limited the scope of the invention up to formula and numerical value.Simultaneously, it should be clear that for ease of description, each portion shown in attached drawing
The size divided not is to draw according to actual proportionate relationship.Technology known for person of ordinary skill in the relevant, side
Method and equipment may be not discussed in detail, but in the appropriate case, and the technology, method and apparatus should be considered as authorizing explanation
A part of book.In shown here and discussion all examples, any occurrence should be construed as merely illustratively, and
Not by way of limitation.Therefore, the other examples of exemplary embodiment can have different values.It should also be noted that similar label
Similar terms are indicated in following attached drawing with letter, therefore, once it is defined in a certain Xiang Yi attached drawing, then subsequent attached
It does not need that it is further discussed in figure.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, the noun of locality such as " front, rear, top, and bottom, left and right ", " it is laterally, vertical,
Vertically, orientation or positional relationship indicated by level " and " top, bottom " etc. is normally based on orientation or position shown in the drawings and closes
System, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, in the absence of explanation to the contrary, these nouns of locality do not indicate that
It must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation with the device or element for implying signified, therefore cannot manage
Solution is limiting the scope of the invention: the noun of locality " inside and outside " refers to inside and outside the profile relative to each component itself.
For ease of description, spatially relative term can be used herein, as " ... on ", " ... top ",
" ... upper surface ", " above " etc., for describing such as a device shown in the figure or feature and other devices or spy
The spatial relation of sign.It should be understood that spatially relative term is intended to comprising the orientation in addition to device described in figure
Except different direction in use or operation.For example, being described as if the device in attached drawing is squeezed " in other devices
It will be positioned as " under other devices or construction after part or construction top " or the device of " on other devices or construction "
Side " or " under its device or construction ".Thus, exemplary term " ... top " may include " ... top " and
" in ... lower section " two kinds of orientation.The device can also be positioned with other different modes and (is rotated by 90 ° or in other orientation), and
And respective explanations are made to the opposite description in space used herein above.
In addition, it should be noted that, limiting components using the words such as " first ", " second ", it is only for be convenient for
Corresponding components are distinguished, do not have Stated otherwise such as, there is no particular meanings for above-mentioned word, therefore should not be understood as to this
The limitation of invention protection scope.
As shown, the present invention provides a kind of methods using ultrasonic wave assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering purification to include
Following steps:
A, alloy configures: carrying out ingredient according to the requirement of alloying component；
B, alloy melting: the raw material prepared are placed in smelting furnace, and alloy charge was fused into metal by about 60 minutes
Melt；
C, it melt treatment: is allowed to be superheated to 50~150 DEG C of liquidus curve (TL) or more (i.e. TL+ (50~150 DEG C))；
D, melt is stood: the metal bath in smelting furnace stirs by 3~5 times, addition degasifier degasification, skims completely
Afterwards, 10~30min is stood；The additive amount of degasifier is the 0.2~1.5% of metal bath weight.
E, filter preheats: the graphite tundish for laying filter being preheated in preheating furnace, preheating temperature
It is maintained between ± 50 DEG C of liquidus temperature (i.e. TL ± 50 DEG C)；
F, filter placement: taking out the tundish for disposing filter rapidly before casting from preheating furnace, securely places
In on bracket；Bracket is connected with ultrasonic wave vibration-sensing rod end face, and opens ultrasonic power, to make filter that high frequency vibrating occur
It is dynamic；
G, melt pours filter: metal bath directly being poured into the tundish of above-mentioned placement filter；
H, melt is through high-frequency vibration filter: filter of the casting metal melt through high-frequency vibration, from top to bottom from centre
Packet bottom opening flows out, and the direction of ultrasonic activation is horizontal direction or vertical direction during filter placement；Ultrasonic wave hair
Raw device is 1 or more.The power of ultrasonic activation is in 100-10000W；The frequency of ultrasonic activation is in 16-80kHz.
I, sound filter melt liquid stream fills type: the purification melt of outflow pours into solidification forming (or ingot casting) in casting mold (or mold)；
J, filtering terminates: after metal melt filtering, closing ultrasonic power, stops the vibration of filter.
Metal bath is all casting melts.Such as: cast steel, cast iron, cast aluminium, casting magnesium, casting zinc and cast titanium alloy etc..
Filter is the component suitable for casting melt filtration, comprising: refractory glass fiber net, foam ceramic filter
Device, straight-bore ceramic filter and active carbon particle etc. can be one or more layers superposition and use.
Embodiment 1
As shown, the present invention provides a kind of methods using ultrasonic wave assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering purification to include
Following steps:
It 1, is that raw material prepare AlSi7Mg alloy with fine aluminium, Al-20%Si intermediate alloy, Al-50%Mg intermediate alloy
Prepared cast aluminium alloy gold is placed in melting furnace by 4kg, is fused into cast aluminium melt, and by melt overheat to 750 DEG C；
Following (wt-%): the Si=6.8% of the cast aluminium alloy gold nominal composition being wherein configured to；Mg < 0.5%；Surplus is Al.
2, three layer filtration net is placed at 3/4 position of tundish height, filter height is maintained at least
8cm.The preheating temperature of tundish containing filter is 800 DEG C, and tundish takes out from preheating furnace rapidly before casting, is placed
In on bracket；Bracket is fixed on the end face of ultrasonic wave vibration-sensing rod；It is then turned on ultrasonic vibration generator, ultrasonic power exists
200W；Ultrasonic frequency vibratory is in 18kHz.
3, the AlSi7Mg alloy melt melted is poured into the graphite tundish for laying three layer filtration net.
4, filter process is completed under ultrasonic activation auxiliary.Filtered aluminum melt is poured into solidification in casting mold (mold)
Forming.
Embodiment 2
It 1, is that raw material weighs about 100kg with steel scrap, a small amount of recycling iron scrap；The raw material prepared is put into induction furnace, is allowed to
Fusing, by decarburization and deoxidation treatment, is smelted into No. 25 steel, and be superheated to 1600 DEG C；The chemical component for the master alloy being configured to
Are as follows: C=0.25%, Si=0.26%, Mn=0.61%, S≤0.03%；P≤0.03%, Cr≤0.23%, Ni≤0.21%,
Cu≤0.22%.
2, by cast steel melt, using aluminium cake final deoxidizing, heat preservation stands 10min, and holding temperature maintains 1580 DEG C.
3, straight-bore ceramic filter is placed in the bottom of graphite tundish, filter height is maintained at least
25cm.And be allowed to preheat, preheating temperature is 1200 DEG C, takes out graphite tundish from preheating furnace rapidly before casting, is placed
In on bracket；It is then turned on ultrasonic vibration generator, ultrasonic power is in 4500W；Ultrasonic frequency vibratory is in 22kHz.
4, No. 25 cast steel melts are poured into the graphite tundish for laying straight-bore ceramic filter, are filtered；
5, the filtering of cast steel melt is completed under ultrasonic activation auxiliary, cast steel melt flows into casting mold (mold) after filter.
Embodiment 3
1, with Benxi pig iron (C=4.2%, Si=1.8%, Mn=0.6%, P=0.05%, S=0.03%) 45kg, useless
Steel (C=0.2%, Si=0.3%, Mn=0.5%, P=0.02%, S=0.02%) 5kg, 75% ferrosilicon (containing 75%Si)
0.1kg is the spheroidal graphite cast-iron that raw material are configured to 50kg, and the raw material prepared are placed in induction furnace and are melted about 50 minutes, are made
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron base iron, and it is superheated to 1550 DEG C；The chemical component for the base iron being configured to are as follows: C=3.7%, Si=1.42%,
Mn=0.45%, P=0.045%, S=0.056%.
2, the base iron melt of fusing to be verted into the ladle of preheating, the preheating temperature of ladle is 1250 DEG C, and
Cover insulation cover.
3, base iron is poured into nodularization packet from ladle, carries out nodularization and inoculation.Nodularization and inoculation use
Method is poured, puts nodulizer well one jiao of nodularization packet bottom in advance, inovulant is covered thereon, finally sprinkled again in the upper surface of inovulant
Iron scrap bits, nodulizer use off-the-shelf-copper magnesium alloy (trade mark: Cu80Mg20) of producer, and usage amount is handled magnesium iron
The 0.7% of liquid weight；Ferrosilicon (trade mark: FeSi75) alloy that inovulant is 75% using silicon content, additive amount is weight of molten iron
0.6%.During processing, insulation cover in the upper flap of nodularization packet avoids temperature decline too fast.
4, after to nodularization, inoculation, 5min is stood.
5, simultaneously, ceramic foam filter is placed in the bottom of graphite tundish, filter height is maintained at
At least 22cm.And be allowed to preheat, preheating temperature is 1150 DEG C, graphite tundish taken out from preheating furnace rapidly before casting,
It is placed on bracket；It is then turned on ultrasonic vibration generator, ultrasonic power is in 3500W；Ultrasonic frequency vibratory exists
18kHz。
6, the magnesium iron melt stood is poured into the graphite tundish for laying ceramic foam filter, is filtered；
7, the filtering of magnesium iron melt is completed under ultrasonic activation auxiliary, magnesium iron melt flows into casting mold (mold) after filter.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method using the assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering purification of ultrasonic wave, which is characterized in that the filtration, purification
Method include the following steps:
A, alloy configures: carrying out ingredient according to the requirement of alloying component；
B, alloy melting: the raw material prepared are placed in smelting furnace, and alloy charge was fused into metal bath by about 60 minutes；
C, it melt treatment: is allowed to be superheated to 50~150 DEG C of liquidus curve or more；
D, melt is stood: the metal bath in smelting furnace is quiet after 3~5 stirrings, addition degasifier degasification, skimming completely
Set 10~30min；
E, filter preheats: the graphite tundish for laying filter being preheated in preheating furnace, preheating temperature is kept
Between ± 50 DEG C of liquidus temperature；
F, filter placement: the tundish for disposing filter is taken out from preheating furnace rapidly before casting, is securely placed in branch
On frame；Bracket is connected with ultrasonic wave vibration-sensing rod end face, and opens ultrasonic power, to make filter that high-frequency vibration occur；
G, melt pours filter: metal bath directly being poured into the tundish of above-mentioned placement filter；
H, melt is through high-frequency vibration filter: filter of the casting metal melt through high-frequency vibration, from top to bottom from tundish bottom
Portion's aperture outflow,
I, sound filter melt liquid stream fills type: the purification melt of outflow pours into solidification forming (or ingot casting) in casting mold (or mold)；
J, filtering terminates: after metal melt filtering, closing ultrasonic power, stops the vibration of filter.
2. the method according to claim 1 using the assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering purification of ultrasonic wave, which is characterized in that
The additive amount for the degasifier that the step D melt adds during standing is the 0.2~1.5% of metal bath weight.
3. the method according to claim 1 using the assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering purification of ultrasonic wave, which is characterized in that
The direction of ultrasonic activation is horizontal direction or vertical direction during the step F filter placement；Supersonic generator
It is 1 or more.
4. the method according to claim 3 using the assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering purification of ultrasonic wave, which is characterized in that
The power of the ultrasonic activation is in 100-10000W；The frequency of ultrasonic activation is in 16-80kHz.
5. the method according to claim 1 using the assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering purification of ultrasonic wave, which is characterized in that
The metal bath is all casting melts.Such as: cast steel, cast iron, cast aluminium, casting magnesium, casting zinc and cast titanium alloy etc..
6. the method according to claim 1 using the assisted and strengthened metal melt filtering purification of ultrasonic wave, which is characterized in that
The filter is the component suitable for casting melt filtration, can be one or more layers superposition and uses.
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| CN110863109A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-03-06 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Self-filtering method for purifying and recycling AgSn waste |
| CN111020192A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-04-17 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Method for purifying and recycling AgCd alloy from AgCd waste |
| CN111036860A (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2020-04-21 | 王常亮 | Method for producing colored metal casting melt |
| CN112239833A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-19 | 蚌埠飞宇轴承有限公司 | Preparation method of wear-resistant bearing |
| CN115122159A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-30 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Ultrasonic vibration assisted precision machining device and method for complex curved surface |
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| CN111020192A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-04-17 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Method for purifying and recycling AgCd alloy from AgCd waste |
| CN110863109B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-06-22 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Self-filtering method for purifying and recycling AgSn waste |
| CN111020192B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-06-22 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Method for purifying and recycling AgCd alloy from AgCd waste |
| CN111036860A (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2020-04-21 | 王常亮 | Method for producing colored metal casting melt |
| CN112239833A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-19 | 蚌埠飞宇轴承有限公司 | Preparation method of wear-resistant bearing |
| CN115122159A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-30 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Ultrasonic vibration assisted precision machining device and method for complex curved surface |
| CN115122159B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-06-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary precision machining device and method for complex curved surface |
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Application publication date: 20190517 |