CN109661446B - 基于木质素的酚醛树脂 - Google Patents
基于木质素的酚醛树脂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109661446B CN109661446B CN201780042790.1A CN201780042790A CN109661446B CN 109661446 B CN109661446 B CN 109661446B CN 201780042790 A CN201780042790 A CN 201780042790A CN 109661446 B CN109661446 B CN 109661446B
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- Prior art keywords
- lignin
- phenol
- reaction
- formaldehyde
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 26
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical group O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005018 Pinus echinata Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000007320 Pinus strobus Species 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000208140 Acer Species 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000013264 Pinus jeffreyi Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LCDFWRDNEPDQBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol;urea Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1 LCDFWRDNEPDQBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000178606 Abies grandis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017894 Abies grandis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000166033 Abies lasiocarpa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004710 Abies lasiocarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004731 Acer pseudoplatanus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002754 Acer pseudoplatanus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000301850 Cupressus sempervirens Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001236219 Pinus echinata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016013 Pinus leiophylla var chihuahuana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008578 Pinus strobus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006485 Platanus occidentalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000569 greater omentum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005611 kraft lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013490 limbo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trioxane Chemical compound C1OCOCO1 BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004507 Abies alba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014081 Abies amabilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007173 Abies balsamea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004144 Acer rubrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011772 Acer rubrum var tomentosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009057 Acer rubrum var tridens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005638 Austrian pine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219495 Betulaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208197 Buxus Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000723418 Carya Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018783 Dacrycarpus dacrydioides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006055 Dacrydium cupressinum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018782 Dacrydium cupressinum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218378 Magnolia Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000227633 Ocotea pretiosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004263 Ocotea pretiosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920000473 Phlobaphene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000008565 Pinus banksiana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013697 Pinus resinosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218679 Pinus taeda Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008566 Pinus taeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008585 Pinus thunbergii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014030 Podocarpus spicatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001265124 Populus balsamifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009769 Populus balsamifera subsp. balsamifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 240000007313 Tilia cordata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001106462 Ulmus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CWQSNJSRIUPVNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M [OH-].[Fr+] Chemical compound [OH-].[Fr+] CWQSNJSRIUPVNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000017985 rocky mountain lodgepole pine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
- B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
- B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
- B27N3/143—Orienting the particles or fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07G—COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
- C07G1/00—Lignin; Lignin derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G8/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08G8/38—Block or graft polymers prepared by polycondensation of aldehydes or ketones onto macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/005—Lignin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D161/34—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers covered by at least two of the groups C09D161/04, C09D161/18 and C09D161/20
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C09J161/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J197/00—Adhesives based on lignin-containing materials
- C09J197/005—Lignin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于木质素的酚醛树脂,特别地可用于制造定向刨花板(OSB)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于木质素的酚醛树脂,特别地可用于制造定向刨花板(OSB)。
背景技术
定向刨花板(OSB)是一种基于木材的产品,其通常用于住宅和商业建筑、家具和其他应用。OSB通常通过如下来制造:从圆木切割刨片(strand),干燥刨片,施加蜡并且将树脂(粘合剂)粘合到刨片上,在连续线(continuous line)上将经处理的刨片成形成垫,然后在热和压力下持续延长的时间使垫固结。热和压力通过使用热压来完成。OSB具有类似于胶合板的性质并且具有比铣削(milled,研磨)木板更大的承载能力。OSB的生产成本通常低于胶合板的生产成本。
刨片的长度轴大致平行于木材的纹理。OSB垫通常包括离散的表面和芯层。薄木屑层通过将木材切碎成条,将条筛分然后在带或丝网板(wire caul)上定向而产生。垫在成形线(forming line)上制造。外层上的木条通常与面板的强度轴对齐,而内层通常是垂直的。放置的层数部分地取决于面板的厚度,但受到在制造现场安装的设备的限制。各个层的厚度也可以变化,以得到不同的成品面板厚度。表层中的刨片比芯层中所使用的刨片平均更大。
通常,有三种不同类型的粘合树脂用于制造OSB。其为液体苯酚/甲醛甲阶酚醛树脂(LPF)、粉末苯酚/甲醛甲阶酚醛树脂(PPF)和聚合的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(PMDI)。在制造OSB时,通常使用粘合树脂的组合。
甲阶酚醛树脂是在碱催化条件下制造的树脂,其中甲醛与苯酚的比例大于一,以产生高度羟甲基化的结构。
这些不同的粘合剂类型中的每一种都有其自身的性能属性和限制。LPF树脂的成本相对较低,但可能比PMDI发展粘合强度更慢并且对木材中的高水分水平的耐受性较差。PPF树脂发展粘合强度相对较快并且对高水分水平水平耐受性较好,但是比LPF树脂更昂贵并且施用率限于木材质量的约3%。PMDI倾向于快速发展粘合强度并且最终粘合强度值倾向于大于与等效水平的LPF或PPF相关的最终粘合强度值。然而,PMDI相对较昂贵并且通常在干燥刨片上无法很好地发挥作用。PMDI还有与其粘合到压板的趋势有关的额外限制。
用于OSB的液体粘合树脂具有许多性能和应用要求。用于OSB的粘合树脂的第二个要求涉及对OSB工厂(铣削机,研磨机)内部和外部挥发性化学物质的排放贡献最小的需求。在高温下的垫固结过程期间从PF树脂中排放的常见化学物质包括苯酚、甲醇和甲醛。通常还从用于OSB应用的PF粘合树脂中排放氨。氨通过尿素的水解产生,其可以通过碱性和高温条件促进。
用于OSB的大多数液体PF树脂含有大量的尿素。将尿素掺入到树脂中的目的在于降低粘度和消耗游离甲醛。尿素由于其反应性、溶解性、低分子量、低成本、可获得性和有利的毒性特性而非常适合于这些功能。用于OSB的液体PF树脂中的尿素水平通常高达15-40%,基于树脂的固体含量计。因此,用于OSB的液体PF树脂不同于用于其他木材粘合应用的PF树脂。
对于从工厂中排放到周围环境中的苯酚、甲醇、甲醛和其他有机化合物,OSB工厂在许多国家都受到管制。氨向工厂外部的排放也可能受到管制。然而,在来自设备的废气流中存在的氨可以在反应性热氧化器中转化为NOx,所述反应性热氧化器通常在堆叠之前安装在排气系统中。在许多国家,对可以从OSB工厂中排放的NOx的量有限制。
另外,氨是一种有毒气体,并且在工厂内在共混机附近经常发生氨排放,形成线和压榨区域。如果浓度超过给定阈值,则工厂内的氨可能对工厂内的工人造成危险。因此,需要减少源自OSB工厂中的液体PF树脂的氨排放。
用于OSB的粘合树脂的另一个要求是其以低成本提供高的刨片对刨片的粘合强度和在压机中的最小固化时间。粘合剂成本通常占生产OSB的总成本的很大一部分。因此,需要一种PF树脂,其以低成本提供高粘合强度和最小固化时间。PF树脂的较高成本和价格波动主要与用于合成PF树脂的苯酚相关。木质素是用于替代酚醛树脂中的苯酚的合适的芳族化合物。
天然木质素是一种高分子量苯基丙烷聚合物,其在木材中的存在水平在软木中为约24-35%,而在硬木中为约17-25%。木材中的天然木质素不溶于水,并且其在植物中的一个功能是将纤维素纤维(木材细胞)粘合在一起。在商业硫酸盐(kraft)制浆方法中,将木屑在高温下浸泡在硫化钠和氢氧化钠的水溶液中,以使天然木质素降解至可溶于水的程度。这允许分隔高价值木纤维。
降解的木质素、碳酸钠和硫酸钠的残留水溶液通常称为“黑液”。通常,黑液还含有各种碳水化合物。常规黑液的pH值为约13-14。在黑液中存在的降解的木质素可以通过添加酸以降低pH值来以离散(discreet)的级分分隔。随着pH水平降低,发生最高分子量的木质素化合物的初始沉淀。其可以通过过滤与残留液分离。pH值的进一步降低引起更多木质素化合物的沉淀,其具有比第一级份更低的分子量。该第二组沉淀化合物也可以通过过滤分隔。该过程可以进行多次以产生一系列级份。
适合于该过程的酸包括强酸如硫酸、硝酸和盐酸;或弱酸如乙酸或碳酸。后者通过将二氧化碳注入到黑液中来实现。
全黑液或全亚硫酸盐废液中的一些化合物可能对用于OSB应用的酚醛粘合剂树脂的性能具有有害影响。此外,亚硫酸盐废液含有木质素磺酸盐,与硫酸盐木质素相反,其多数不含磺酸基团。木质素磺酸盐中的磺酸基团(其存在于部分地包含亚硫酸盐液的粘合剂中)在其暴露于水时可能对OSB的性能产生不利影响。
US 8,445,563公开了一种苯酚-甲醛树脂,其包含5至20%的木质素(以所使用的固体的重量计)。
因此,需要一种苯酚-甲醛-尿素树脂,其满足用于OSB的要求,但使上述与尿素、苯酚和甲醛有关的问题最小化。
发明内容
现已出人意料地发现,可以用更高量的木质素制造苯酚-甲醛-尿素和苯酚-甲醛树脂,但该树脂满足用于OSB的要求。由于所使用的木质素的量较高,因此至少部分地避免了与尿素、苯酚和甲醛相关的缺点。
优选地,木质素是在例如硫酸盐法中产生的碱性木质素。然后可以通过使用WO2006031175中公开的方法将木质素与黑液分离。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所使用的木质素通过“LignoBoost”方法生产。
已经发现,木质素可以替代苯酚甲醛尿素树脂中的苯酚(30-70%)和尿素(40-100%),并且还可以将甲醛的消耗减少15-25%。
因此,本发明涉及具有35-75%固含量的水性粘合树脂,该水性粘合树脂是苯酚和甲醛、1族碱金属氢氧化物、木质素和任选地尿素之间的反应产物的混合物,其中苯酚和甲醛为提供至反应的固体物的重量的40至80%;1族碱金属氢氧化物为提供至反应的固体物的重量的5至20%;木质素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的21.0至35%;并且尿素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的0至30%。
本发明还涉及使用所述水性粘合树脂制造的工程木材产品。在一个实施方案中,所述工程木材产品是OSB。
具体实施方式
因此,本发明的一个实施方案涉及具有35-75%固体含量的水性粘合树脂,该水性粘合树脂是苯酚和甲醛、1族碱金属氢氧化物、木质素和任选地尿素之间的反应产物,其中苯酚和甲醛为提供至反应的固体物的重量的40至80%;1族碱金属氢氧化物为提供至反应的固体物的重量的5至20%;木质素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的21.0至35%;并且尿素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的0至30%。
在一个实施方案中,木质素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的21.0至30%。在一个实施方案中,木质素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的25至35%,例如提供至反应的固体物的重量的30至35%。在一个实施方案中,木质素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的25至30%。
尿素的量优选为提供至反应的固体物的重量的0.1至30%,例如提供至反应的固体物的重量的1至30%,优选提供至反应的固体物的重量的5至25%,更优选提供至反应的固体物的重量的5至15%。
在整个本说明书中,表述“木质素”旨在包括任何种类的木质素,例如源自硬木、软木或环状植物的木质素。在一个实施方案中,木质素是硫酸盐浆降解的木质素。优选地,木质素是在例如硫酸盐法中产生的碱性木质素。然后可以通过使用WO2006031175中公开的方法将木质素与黑液分离。
在木质素、水和1族碱金属氢氧化物的存在下,在60-100℃的温度下,通过使甲醛和苯酚以1.5-3.5摩尔甲醛比一摩尔苯酚的摩尔比反应持续足以达到200-5,000cps的粘度的时间来制造树脂。甲醛、水、1族碱金属氢氧化物、苯酚和木质素可以以多种方式合并(组合)。其可以以单次装料或若干次离散装料全部添加在一起。可以在该过程的第一阶段期间在开始反应之前,将甲醛、水和1族碱金属氢氧化物与苯酚和木质素一起添加到反应器中,或者可以在该第一阶段期间以多个离散的等分部分将甲醛、水和1族碱金属氢氧化物添加到苯酚和木质素中。树脂合成的该第一阶段是聚合阶段,此时苯酚和甲醛一起反应形成聚合物材料。
在合成过程的第二阶段,将混合物冷却至小于60℃的温度,并且在搅拌下添加任选地尿素和任选地水和1族碱金属氢氧化物,以形成最终的树脂粘合剂组合物。组合物的粘度为50-1000cps。
使用木质素制造的酚醛树脂相对于现有的OSB粘合剂技术有优点。这些优点包括减少氨排放,改进保质期和降低成本而不损失板性质,包括内部粘合强度。
与本发明相关的苯酚/甲醛加合物通过苯酚和甲醛在木质素和1族碱金属氢氧化物的存在下在基本上水性的介质中的反应形成。在一个实施方案中,甲醛/苯酚摩尔比为2.0-3.0摩尔甲醛比一摩尔苯酚。甲醛反应物可以以福尔马林溶液或可分解的甲醛产物如多聚甲醛或三噁烷存在。在使用福尔马林的情况下,溶液浓度通常可以高达约50%。
对不同组分的含量进行选择,以实现最终树脂中的组成对应于苯酚/甲醛加合物和苯酚-甲醛加合物的碱金属盐或碱金属盐(树脂中的固体的总重量的40-85%)、尿素(树脂中的固体的总重量的0-35%)以及木质素和碱金属盐或木质素的碱金属盐(树脂中的固体的总重量的5-25%)。术语“苯酚/甲醛加合物”仅意指苯酚和甲醛的反应产物。苯酚和甲醛的加合物可以包括相对较小的化合物例如羟甲基化苯酚或较大分子,其为羟甲基化苯酚的缩合产物。在苯酚和甲醛反应混合物的聚合之后添加尿素以及任选地一部分苛性碱和水。
适合于本发明的1族碱金属氢氧化物的实例包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化铷、氢氧化铯和氢氧化钫。为了本发明的目的,还可以使用其他碱性物质如碳酸钠和碳酸钾替代1族碱金属氢氧化物或与其一起使用。树脂中会残留碳酸盐。其可能包括碳酸氢盐。
木质素可以由通常称为“黑液”的物质获得。黑液可以来自木屑,包括基于软木或硬木的木屑。软木可以包括松树(火炬松、黑松(lodge pole)、湿地松(slash)、北美脂松(pitch)、黄松、短叶松(shortleaf)、黄松(yellow)、白松、短叶松(jack)和红松)、冷杉(黄杉、弗雷泽冷杉(Frazier)、白冷杉、香脂冷杉、美国冷杉(Pacific silver)、亚高山冷杉)、雪松(香柏)(阿拉斯加雪松、北美香柏(Northern white)、东部红杉(Eastern red)、西部红杉(Western red)、香雪松(incense)、美洲花柏)、云杉(红云山、白云山、黑云山、englemann云杉、北美云杉)、铁杉(东部铁杉、西部铁杉、Mountain、落叶松)等。硬木可以包括橡树(栎树)(白橡、红橡、大果栎(bur)、天使橡树(live))、杨树(黄杨、香脂白杨、颤杨、大齿杨)、枫树(槭树)(糖枫、银槭、红槭)、椴树、桦树、桤木、山毛榉、树胶、樱桃、柏树、榆树、朴木、山核桃、檫树、西克莫无花果(sycamore)、黄瓜、胡桃、洋槐(locust)等。
通过在高温下将木屑浸泡在硫化钠和氢氧化钠的溶液中一段时间并随后除去纤维素纤维来形成黑液。由于存在降解的木质素,残留液的颜色为深色。术语“黑液”是该深色的结果。用于产生黑液的方法通常称为硫酸盐制浆方法。然后可以通过使用WO2006031175中公开的方法将木质素与黑液分离。在一个实施方案中,使用“LignoBoost”方法生产木质素。
树脂用于制造定向刨花板面板或制品的表层。该方法是用蜡涂覆颗粒或刨片,并且将颗粒或刨片与树脂混合,使得颗粒或刨片在最终制品中粘附在一起。然后将颗粒或刨片铺到制品中并且在热和压力下固化以形成制品。
典型的定向刨花板具有表层和芯层。木材刨片通常为25-45mm厚,10-60cm宽,0.1-2m长。用松散的蜡和树脂喷涂或者处理刨片,或者是用于芯层刨片的芯层树脂或用于表层刨片的表层树脂如本发明树脂。然后将芯层和表层刨片铺在垫板(caul plate)和筛网上形成具有外表层和内芯层的垫。表层中的刨片通常沿着一个主轴对齐,并且芯层中的刨片沿着另一个主轴对齐。
将垫、垫板和筛网置于热压机中并且加热并压制以形成复合OSB面板。压板的表面温度通常在200至220℃之间;垫上的初始压力为约500-2200psi;并且压机中的时间为约2-5分钟,取决于面板的厚度。存在着将垫压缩到其目标厚度的第一阶段,将垫保持在其目标厚度的第二阶段,以及打开压机并将固结垫上的所有外部压力都释放的第三阶段。垫通常从约7-15cm厚度压缩到期望的厚度例如1.5-2.5cm。
商业OSB面板在堆叠成批(bundle)时通常很热。在这种配置中,OSB的高温可以持续数天,并且这种延长的热处理通常会影响OSB的一些性质。在此过程期间树脂会发生变化。水将从树脂中除去,苯酚-甲醛加合物将冷凝成更大的分子。有可能,但未知,一些木质素可能与苯酚-甲醛加合物反应。木材/树脂混合物的pH为约5.5至7,并且在该pH水平下,大多数苯酚-甲醛加合物和木质素材料是不溶的。在热压过程期间,一部分苯酚-甲醛加合物转化为承载固体,这有效地在相邻刨片之间传递应力。
实施例
实施例1
将用于OSB面板的木质素-苯酚-甲醛树脂在5L玻璃反应器中蒸煮并用斜叶片搅拌器混合。首先,将633.4g木质素(95%木质素)、950.1g熔融苯酚、824g水和1.71升37%甲醛溶液添加到玻璃反应器中并混合。其次,缓慢添加250ml NaOH溶液(45%)以防止过度的热量产生并使pH为10.2-10.5。将温度在60℃下保持恒定60分钟,然后升至85℃。使用粘度计在25℃下测量粘度。当粘度增加至约350-400mPas时,将夹套温度设定为60℃。当反应温度降至≤75℃时,缓慢添加250ml 45%w/w氢氧化钠,同时保持反应温度低于75℃。然后将夹套温度调节至74℃然后如前所述使粘度增加。当获得期望的粘度时,通过尽可能快地冷却至环境温度来停止反应。最终树脂中的木质素含量为所使用的固体的24重量%。
实施例2
将用于OSB面板的参考苯酚甲醛树脂(PF)在5L玻璃反应器中蒸煮并用斜叶片搅拌器混合。首先,将956g熔融苯酚、915ml水和1.46升37%甲醛溶液添加到玻璃反应器中并混合。其次,缓慢添加196ml NaOH溶液(45%)以防止过度的热量产生并使pH为10.2-10.5。将温度在60℃下保持恒定30分钟,然后升至85℃。使用粘度计在25℃下测量粘度。当粘度增加至约350-400mPas时,将夹套温度设定为60℃并添加水(64ml)。当反应温度降至≤75℃时,缓慢添加131ml 45%w/w氢氧化钠,同时保持反应温度低于75℃。然后将夹套温度调节至75℃然后如前所述进行反应。当获得期望的粘度时,通过尽可能快地冷却至环境温度来停止反应。
实施例3
将云杉板切成190mm长的片,并且在盘式刨片机中制造刨片并筛分。使用实施例1或2的树脂(其用水稀释以达到特定粘度)在间歇式转鼓搅拌机(rotating drum batch)中进行木刨片的浸渍。将经浸渍的OSB刨片在160℃下展开并热压,总压制时间为10分钟,以获得规格为540×540mm2的板。在热压后,将板在室温下在两块铝板之间冷却。在评估之前,将所有样品在20℃和65%RH下调节。在V313标准中规定的循环测试条件之前和之后评估内部粘合。3块板的平均数据列于表1中。
表1:在调节和根据V313标准老化之后的OSB板密度、内部粘合和残余强度。
鉴于以上对本发明的详细描述,其他修改和变化对于本领域技术人员而言将变得显而易见。然而,应该显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以实现这样的其他修改和变化。
实施例4
合成基于木质素的酚醛树脂用于OSB应用。在第一步中,通过在配备有顶置式搅拌器、冷凝器和温度控制单元的5升玻璃反应器中将433g硫酸盐木质素(固体含量95%)、635g水和204g 50%氢氧化钠溶液混合来制备木质素溶液。将木质素溶液连续搅拌90分钟。
在第二步中,将320g苯酚和835g福尔马林(浓度52.5%)添加到木质素溶液中。温度升至80℃。通过使用Brookfield DV-II+LV粘度计测量粘度来监测反应。将反应混合物在80℃的温度下连续加热,并且在反应45分钟后添加36g 50%氢氧化钠溶液,随后在95分钟后添加100g苯酚和15g水。几分钟后将反应冷却至45℃,然后添加380g尿素并将反应冷却至室温。
对树脂进行分析,并且分析结果示于表2中。
表2
实施例5
将云杉板切成190mm长的片,并且在盘式刨片机中制造刨片并筛分。使用用于表层的实施例4的树脂(其用水稀释以达到特定粘度)和用于芯层的pMDI在间歇式转鼓搅拌机中进行木刨片的浸渍。刨片的水分含量为4%。表层和芯层之间的比例为3:2,并且表层使用8%树脂且芯层使用4%树脂。
将经浸渍的OSB刨片在215℃下展开并热压,总压制时间为3分40秒,以获得规格为540×540mm2的板。
在热压后,将板在室温下在两块铝板之间冷却。在评估之前,将所有样品在20℃和65%RH下调节。在V313标准中规定的循环测试条件之后评估内部粘合。2块板的平均数据列于表3中。
表3:根据V313标准老化之后的OSB板密度、内部粘合和残余强度。
Claims (5)
1.具有59.8-75%固含量的水性粘合树脂作为定向刨花板粘合剂用于减少氨排放、改进保质期和降低成本而不损失板性质的用途,该水性粘合树脂是苯酚和甲醛、I族碱金属氢氧化物、木质素和尿素之间的反应产物,其中苯酚和甲醛为提供至反应的固体物的重量的40至80%;I族碱金属氢氧化物为提供至反应的固体物的重量的5至20%;木质素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的21.0至35%;并且尿素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的5至25%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中木质素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的25至35%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其中木质素为提供至反应的固体物的重量的25至30%。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中木质素是在硫酸盐法中产生的。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中尿素的量为提供至反应的固体物的重量的5至15%。
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