CN109658808B - Multiple complicated operating mode simulation excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model test - Google Patents
Multiple complicated operating mode simulation excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model test Download PDFInfo
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- CN109658808B CN109658808B CN201910023639.4A CN201910023639A CN109658808B CN 109658808 B CN109658808 B CN 109658808B CN 201910023639 A CN201910023639 A CN 201910023639A CN 109658808 B CN109658808 B CN 109658808B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013468 resource allocation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
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- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multiple complex working condition simulation excavation device suitable for tunnel model test, which comprises: the first stage transmission device is positioned at the rear part of the equipment and is an input source of power. And one end of the second-stage transmission device is connected with the first-stage transmission device, and the power output wheel at the other end outputs power to the soil excavation device and the third-stage transmission device respectively. The third-stage transmission device is positioned at the front part of the right half part of the supporting frame of the second-stage transmission device, and one end of the transmission shaft is provided with a transmission wheel for inputting power. The other end is of a worm structure to drive the splice conveyor belt to move. The soil body excavating device is positioned at the front part of the left half part of the supporting frame of the second-stage transmission device, and the front rotary excavating drill bit can cut the soil body under the state of power driving, so that the excavation is realized. The guiding device is positioned below the soil body excavating device, the driving wheel of the conveying belt is combined with the second-stage transmission device, and the spliced guide rail can be placed in an excavated hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel model tests in civil engineering profession, in particular to a subsection excavation device and a using method for a subsection excavation process in a tunnel model test.
Background
With the rapid development of socioeconomic performance, the links among large cities are gradually closed, and the resource allocation among areas basically reaches an equilibrium state, which is all based on the developed traffic facilities. However, the ground surface is not constant, so that the road, railway and other routes between areas are more or less obstructed by hills and hills, and therefore, the tunnel excavation in the mountain has great advantages over the route crossing. However, in the process of constructing the tunnel, the characteristics of being buried in the soil body determine that a plurality of problems which are difficult to solve easily occur in the construction process, the problems of difficult qualitative and quantitative evaluation without test and the corresponding solutions are provided, and compared with the engineering on the ground, the in-situ test of the underground engineering is difficult to operate, the cost is high, and the test result precision is lower. In order to solve the problems, a similar model is built in a laboratory for testing, related test results are collected, problems in the construction process are qualitatively researched, a reasonable construction scheme is provided or related optimization is carried out on the existing construction scheme, and cost is reduced while construction efficiency is improved. In the process of the tunnel indoor model test, the step of excavating at the designated position after the similar model is manufactured is to simulate the working condition of tunnel excavation, and the tunnel working condition is complex and changeable and is mainly reflected on the change of the tunnel excavation section shape and the construction step. The traditional excavation method is to directly adopt hand shovels of various types to carry out manual excavation, and then clean dregs in a hole, but the efficiency and the precision of the excavation mode are extremely low, and above all, after the depth of the hole exceeds a certain distance, the manual work cannot be continued, so that the size of a model is greatly limited.
At present, related laboratory workers in China conduct related researches on excavating equipment for indoor model tests. Chinese patent 20110205689. X discloses an accurate automatic excavating device for model test, which can improve the precision of model test excavation, but the device has the following problems: (1) the pushing means of the tool are not explicitly shown. (2) The movement track cannot be adjusted along with the change of the section size, (3) the lack of a cutter stabilizing device can generate larger vibration when the cutter runs at high speed, the threat of damaging equipment exists, and larger disturbance can be caused to soil. (4) The device lacks dregs discharging function, needs artifical scarfing cinder after the excavation is finished, wastes time and energy. Chinese patent 201512828942. X discloses an excavation unloading device suitable for geomechanical model test, which can advance forward with the increase of tunnel depth and can precisely control the excavation depth each time, but has the following disadvantages: (1) The device lacks the cutter stabilising arrangement, can produce great vibration when the cutter carries out high-speed operation, exists the threat of damaging equipment, also can cause great disturbance to the soil body. (2) The device lacks cutter positioner, can not fine control cutter excavation position to different sections. (3) The device lacks dregs discharging function, needs artifical scarfing cinder after the excavation is finished, wastes time and energy. Therefore, a model excavation device which can be suitable for any cross section and most working conditions needs to be developed, slag soil can be discharged during excavation, manual use is reduced, and the model excavation device is an urgent problem to be solved in the current model test tunnel excavation process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, in order to solve the defects in the prior art, a model excavating device suitable for any cross section and most working conditions is developed, the working efficiency is improved while the manual investment is reduced, the process of tunnel excavation is simulated more accurately, and an operation method comprising the excavating device.
The scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
multiple complicated operating mode simulation excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model test includes:
A first stage transmission means for transmitting power from the motor to the second stage transmission means;
The second-stage transmission device is used for distributing the power transmitted by the previous stage, one part of the power is transmitted to the soil excavation device, and the other part of the power is transmitted to the third-stage transmission device;
the third-stage transmission device is used for transmitting power to the muck conveying belt;
the soil body excavation device is used for realizing the process of excavating by utilizing the obtained power and rotating a drill bit to cut the soil body of a target area.
The guiding device is used for positioning the position of the soil excavation device and the direction of the muck conveyor belt and discharging muck generated by the soil excavation device to the outside of the hole.
Further, the first-stage transmission device comprises a motor, the motor is fixed in the lifting protection frame, the power output end of the motor drives a transmission wheel I, and the transmission wheel I is connected with a transmission wheel II through a transmission belt I.
Further, the lifting protection frame comprises an outer protection frame, a motor lifting frame, a lifting frame guide rail, a hydraulic jack and a jack base, wherein the outer protection frame is connected with the jack base through the lifting frame guide rail which is vertically arranged, the motor lifting frame is arranged on the lifting frame guide rail, and the motor lifting frame drives the motor lifting frame to move up and down through a hydraulic jack arranged at the bottom of the motor lifting frame, so that the up-and-down movement of the motor is realized.
Further, the second-stage transmission device comprises a power output wheel I, wherein a transmission shaft of the power output wheel I penetrates through a bearing at the front end of the lifting protection frame of the first-stage transmission device to be in butt joint with a shaft of a transmission wheel II of the first-stage transmission device, and is fixed through a bolt; the power output wheel I is connected with a third-stage transmission device and a soil excavation device through a conveyor belt II;
Further, the second-stage transmission device also comprises a supporting frame, bearings for fixing the power output wheel shaft and the transmission wheel shaft of the third-stage transmission device are arranged on the upper right half part of the supporting frame, a vertically arranged slide rail lifting rod is arranged on the left half part of the supporting frame, the height of the slide rail in the soil excavation device can be controlled, and a support arranged at the front part of the supporting frame can fix the driving wheel shaft in the guiding device.
Further, an auxiliary wheel is arranged on the outer side of the conveyor belt II; the auxiliary wheel is arranged for reducing the vibration of the wheel shaft, and can tension the conveyor belt II in a certain range to prevent slipping;
the auxiliary wheel can be in contact with the conveyor belt, so that the tension of the conveyor belt can be controlled on one hand, and the conveyor belt can be prevented from being worn by contact with the supporting frame on the other hand. The conveying belt II is contacted with a power output wheel I and an auxiliary wheel of the second-stage transmission device, a power input wheel II of the soil excavation device and a power input wheel III of the third-stage transmission device.
Further, the third-stage transmission device comprises a transmission shaft II, one end of the transmission shaft II is in butt joint with a power input wheel II driven by a transmission belt II of the second transmission device, the other end of the transmission shaft II penetrates through a bearing positioned on a supporting frame of the second transmission device and is of a worm structure, and the worm structure is matched with a worm structure driven part worm wheel coaxial with a driving wheel in the guiding device to realize operation of a muck transmission belt.
Further, soil body excavation device, including transmission shaft III, transmission shaft III's one end with second transmission's conveyer belt II driven power input wheel III butt joint, the other end is the soil body and digs the drill bit soon. The transmission shaft III of the device can be spliced and prolonged, and the transmission shaft III passes through bearings fixed in a sliding rail on a support frame of the second-stage transmission device and on a guide device, so that the damage of eccentric vibration generated by stress of a blade to equipment is avoided.
Further, the soil body excavation device also comprises a sliding rail, the sliding rail is arranged on a sliding rail lifting rod of the second transmission device, and the transmission shaft III is fixed on the sliding rail.
Further, the soil body rotary drilling bit is positioned above the guide device at a certain position, and most of dregs can enter the rear diversion bin along the blade when the rotary drilling bit is used for cutting, and finally are discharged to the conveyor belt.
Further, the guide device comprises a guide rail capable of being spliced, a driving wheel and a driven wheel, wherein the guide rail capable of being spliced is placed in an excavated hole, and can be spliced and prolonged along with the increase of the depth of the hole; ; the driving wheel is coaxial with the driven part worm wheel of the worm structure and is fixed on a bracket at the front part of the supporting frame of the second-stage transmission device. The driven wheel is fixed on a bracket at the front part of the guiding device and is matched with the driving wheel to realize the movement of the conveying belt. The belt conveyer capable of being spliced bypasses the driving wheel and the driven wheel and can be spliced and prolonged along with the increase of the depth of the hole. Because excessive conveyor belt tension is not needed for horizontal conveying of the dregs, the conveyor belt in the device is spliced, and can be prolonged along with the increase of the depth of the hole.
The first-stage transmission device in the device can select the placement position according to the conditions in a laboratory, and the tightness degree of the conveyor belt is controlled through the lifting frame protection frame in the adjusting device and the bearing height at the front end of the lifting protection frame. The placement position of the second-stage transmission device in the equipment is determined according to the position of the opening. The guiding device in the device is placed in the hole, and can be flexibly adjusted according to the position of the target area, so that the direction of the soil rotary drilling bit is changed.
Further, the motor is a single-phase asynchronous motor, the rated voltage is 220V, the rated power is 0.18kW, the rated rotating speed is 1400r/min, the motor and the lifting frame are fixed together through bolts, and the motor and the driving wheel are in butt joint through a conveying belt. The lifting frame is in butt joint with the hydraulic jack in a bolt connection mode. The base of the hydraulic jack is arranged on the protection frame.
If the equipment is required to be used in the tunnel model test excavation process, the following operation steps are carried out:
1) According to the test requirements, determining the excavation depth and the position of an excavation target area in each step, placing the spliced guide rail in an excavated hole, and checking whether the length of the guide rail is proper.
2) Adjusting a sliding rail lifting rod and a transmission rod bearing, and determining that the axle center of the rotary drilling bit is substantially consistent with that of the excavation target area; checking whether each device works normally;
3) After the inspection is finished and all devices are connected, starting a motor, and after the rotation speed of the motor is stable, pushing the rotary drilling bit to excavate a target area and cleaning the dregs discharged by the conveyor belt in time. For an irregular target area, different forms of excavation can be completed by continuously adjusting the position of the rotary excavating drill bit and always keeping the outer edge of the drill bit tangent with the boundary of the excavation area. Soil body cut by the cutter head is discharged onto the splice conveyor belt along the diversion bin at the rear part of the rotary drilling bit, and is automatically discharged out of the hole.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The design of the grading transmission device can separate the motor from the soil body excavating device, when the rotary drilling bit encounters a hard soil body stuck drill in a hole, the result is that the conveyor belt at a certain position slips, and the motor cannot be damaged.
(2) The lifting frame is adopted to adjust the height of the motor in the first-stage transmission device, the sliding rail type bearing is adopted to adjust the height of the transmission wheel shaft, the tension of the transmission belt can be manually controlled, and the device has strong applicability to different working conditions.
(3) The design of power division output is adopted in the second-stage transmission device, so that the synchronous proceeding of soil excavation and slag soil discharge is realized, excessive manual intervention is avoided, and the efficiency of the test and the similarity with site construction can be improved.
(4) The slide rail in the soil body excavation device can control the horizontal position of the wheel shaft, namely the horizontal position of the rotary drilling bit can be determined, the slide rail lifting rod in the second-stage transmission device can control the vertical position of the rotary drilling bit, and the two combined actions can realize the accurate operation of the rotary drilling bit at different positions in a hole. The wheel axle passes through the sliding rail and the bearing at the front part of the guiding device, so that the eccentric vibration of the wheel axle can be reduced when the rotary drilling bit works, and the precision of the excavation is improved.
(5) The combined design of the bearing and the universal joint at the front part in the guiding device can realize the rotation of the drill bit in any direction. The guiding device is paved in the hole, can play a role in guiding the drill bit and the muck conveyor belt, and can accurately control the operation on the target area.
(6) The equipment can be suitable for simulating various complex excavation working conditions, such as subsection excavation, step method excavation and the like. The automatic slag discharging and feeding function shortens the intermittent time in the test process, reduces human factor intervention, improves test precision and ensures more reliable test results.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a first stage transmission according to the present invention;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second stage transmission according to the present invention;
FIG. 3-2 is a schematic illustration of the relative positions of the second stage transmission, soil excavation means, third stage transmission and guide means of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a slide rail in the soil excavation device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the relative positions of a soil excavation means and a guide means in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a rotary drill bit in the soil excavation device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the rear diversion silo of the rotary drilling bit.
In the figure:
1-1, a first-stage transmission device, 1-2, a second-stage transmission device, 1-3, a third-stage transmission device, 1-4, a soil excavation device and 1-5 guide devices;
2-1 parts of outer protection frames, 2-2 parts of lifting frame guide rails, 2-3 parts of motor lifting frames, 2-4 parts of hydraulic jacks, 2-5 parts of jack bases, 2-6 parts of slidable bearings, 2-7 parts of bearing sliding rails, 2-8 parts of transmission shafts, 2-9 parts of bearing fixing beams, 2-10 parts of conveyor belts, 2-11 parts of power output wheels, 2-12 parts of single-phase motors;
3-1a, a transmission shaft, 3-1b, a supporting frame, 3-1c, a transmission belt, 3-1d, a transmission wheel, 3-1e and a power output wheel;
3-2a, a slide rail lifting rod, 3-2b, a slide rail guide rail, 3-2c, a conveyor belt driving wheel, 3-2d, a fixed bracket, 3-2e, a driving wheel shaft, 3-2f, a worm structure, 3-2g and a third-stage driving rod bearing;
4-1 parts of compression nuts, 4-2 parts of compression plates, 4-3 parts of guide grooves, 4-4 parts of limit rubber blocks; 4-5 parts of bearing sliding grooves, 4-6 parts of transmission rod bearings, 4-7 parts of sliding rails, 4-8 parts of sliding rail lifting rod screw holes, 4-9 parts of limit grooves;
5-1 parts of a spliced conveyor belt, 5-2 parts of a spliced guide rail, 5-3 parts of a front support, 5-4 parts of a driven wheel, 5-5 parts of a rotary drilling bit, 5-6 parts of a universal joint, 5-7 parts of a support frame bearing, 5-8 parts of a prolonged transmission shaft;
6-1, the outer edge of the rotary drilling bit, 6-2, the outer cutting blade of the drill bit, 6-3 and the inner cutting blade of the drill bit.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
As described in the background art, the excavation equipment in the prior art has various defects, in order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a multi-complex-working-condition simulation excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model tests, which is suitable for model excavation equipment with any cross section and most working conditions, reduces the labor investment, improves the working efficiency, and more accurately simulates the tunnel excavation process, and an operation method comprising the excavation equipment.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, a multiple complex-working-condition simulated excavation apparatus suitable for tunnel model test is provided, as shown in figure 1,
A first stage transmission 1-1, which is realized by the transmission of power from an electric motor to a second stage transmission 1-2;
the second-stage transmission device 1-2 is used for distributing the power transmitted by the previous stage, one part of the power is transmitted to the soil excavation device 1-4, and the other part of the power is transmitted to the third-stage transmission device 1-3;
a third stage transmission 1-3 for transmitting power to the muck conveyor;
the soil excavation device 1-4 is used for realizing the process of excavating by rotating a drill bit to cut the soil of a target area by using the obtained power.
The guiding device 1-5 is used for positioning the position of the soil excavation device 1-4 and the direction of the muck conveyor belt and discharging muck generated by the soil excavation device to the outside of the hole.
The first-stage transmission device 1-1, a motor in the device is fixed in the lifting protection frame, and a power output wheel of the first-stage transmission device is connected with a transmission wheel through a transmission belt;
The power output wheel axle of the second-stage transmission device 1-2 passes through the bearing at the front end of the lifting protection frame of the first-stage transmission device 1-1, is in butt joint with the transmission wheel axle of the first-stage transmission device 1-1, and is fixed through a bolt. The power output wheel is connected with the third-stage transmission device 1-3, the soil excavation device 1-4 and the auxiliary wheel through a conveyor belt. The auxiliary wheel is arranged for reducing the vibration of the wheel shaft, and can tension the conveyor belt in a certain range to prevent slipping.
The third-stage transmission device 1-3, the transmission wheel shaft of the device passes through the bearing positioned on the supporting frame of the second-stage transmission device 1-2, the power input wheel at one end is in butt joint with the power output wheel of the second-stage transmission device 1-2, the driving piece screw rod of a worm structure is arranged at the other end, and the driving piece screw rod is matched with the driven piece worm wheel of the worm structure, which is coaxial with the driving wheel in the guiding device, so that the operation of the muck conveying belt is realized.
The soil body excavating device 1-4, wherein one end of the device is connected with a power input wheel of the second-stage transmission device 1-2 through a conveyor belt, and the other end is a soil body rotary excavating drill bit. The wheel axle of the device can be spliced and prolonged, and the device passes through the bearing fixed in the sliding rail on the support frame of the second-stage transmission device and on the guide device, so that the damage of eccentric vibration generated by the stress of the blade to the equipment is avoided.
The guiding device 1-5, the guide rail of the device can be laid in the hole, and the driving wheel in the device is connected with the third-stage transmission device 1-3 through a worm structure along with the increase of the depth of the tunnel model hole, and is assembled on the bracket at the front part of the supporting frame of the second-stage transmission device 1-2 to jointly act with the driven wheel arranged at the front end so as to realize the rotation of the conveying belt. Because the conveyor belt Zhang Jinli is not required to be oversized for transporting the dregs horizontally, the conveyor belt in the device is spliced and can be prolonged along with the increase of the depth of the hole.
The first-stage transmission device 1-1 in the equipment can select the placement position according to the conditions in a laboratory, and the tightness degree of the conveyor belt is controlled by adjusting the heights of the hydraulic jack in the device and the bearing at the front end of the lifting protection frame. The placement position of the second-stage transmission 1-2 in the device is determined according to the position of the opening. The guiding device in the device is placed in the hole, and can be flexibly adjusted according to the position of the target area, so that the direction of the soil rotary drilling bit is changed.
The structure is shown with reference to fig. 2, 3-1, 3-2, 4 and 5; the first-stage transmission device 1-1 is positioned at the rearmost end of the equipment, and the single-phase motor 2-12 in the first-stage transmission device provides power and is externally connected with a laboratory power supply. Four lifting frame guide rails 2-2 are arranged at the middle and rear parts of the outer protection frame 2-1, and under the movement of the hydraulic jack 2-4, the direction of the lifting frame 2-3 provided with the single-phase motor 2-12 is controlled, and the vibration of the motor is reduced. The front part of the outer protection frame 2-1 is provided with a bearing slide rail 2-7 which is used together with a bearing fixed beam 2-9 to control the height of the sliding bearing 2-6. The tightness of the conveyor belt 2-10 is adjusted by adjusting the heights of the lifting frame 2-3 and the sliding bearing 2-6. The transmission shaft 2-8 is in butt joint with the transmission shaft 3-1a and is fixed through a bolt, so that the power can be transferred from the first-stage transmission device 1-1 to the second-stage transmission device 1-2.
Further, the motor is a single-phase asynchronous motor, the rated voltage is 220V, the rated power is 0.18kW, the rated rotating speed is 1400r/min, the motor and the lifting frame are fixed together through bolts, and the motor and the driving wheel are in butt joint through a conveying belt. The lifting frame is in butt joint with the hydraulic jack in a bolt connection mode. The base of the hydraulic jack is arranged on the protection frame. The round slide rails are arranged around the protection frame and are used for guiding Kong Pinge around the lifting frame, so that the movement direction of the lifting frame can be controlled.
The second stage rotating means 1-2 is located in the middle part of the device. The power output wheel 3-1e outputs the power input by the transmission shaft 3-1a, and distributes the power to the three transmission wheels 3-1d through the transmission belt 3-1c to respectively provide power for the third-stage transmission device 1-3 and the soil excavation device 1-4. The right half part of the supporting frame 3-1b is provided with a bearing for fixing the transmission shaft 3-1a and a third-stage transmission rod bearing 3-2g, and the left half part is provided with a sliding rail lifting rod 3-2a.
One of the driving wheels 3-1d acts as an auxiliary wheel which can be brought into contact with the conveyor belt, on the one hand to control the tension of the conveyor belt and on the other hand to prevent wear caused by the contact of the conveyor belt with the supporting frame.
The third stage transmission device 1-3 is positioned at the right half part of the front end of the equipment. The transmission shaft passes through the third-stage transmission rod bearing 3-2g, one end of the transmission shaft is a transmission wheel 3-1d, and the other end of the transmission shaft is a driving piece screw rod with a worm structure 3-2 f; the worm structure 3-2f is matched with a worm structure driven part worm wheel which is coaxial with a driving wheel in the guiding device, so that the operation of the muck conveying belt is realized.
The soil body excavating device 1-4 is positioned at the left half part of the front end of the equipment and is connected with the supporting frame 3-1b of the second-stage transmission device 1-2 through the sliding rail 4-7, and the sliding rail lifting rod screw hole 4-8 of the sliding rail 4-7 is matched with the sliding rail lifting rod 3-2 a. The rotary drilling bit 5-5 is positioned at the forefront of the transmission shaft.
The extendable transmission shaft 5-8 is supported by the front bracket 5-3 and is connected with the front bracket 5-3 by a universal joint 5-6 and a support bracket bearing 5-7.
As shown in fig. 4, a guide groove 4-3 and a bearing sliding groove 4-5 are arranged in the sliding rail 4-7, a transmission rod bearing 4-6 is arranged between the guide groove 4-3 and the bearing sliding groove 4-5, and is pressed by a pressing nut 4-1 and a pressing plate 4-2; the transmission rod bearing 4-6 is limited by the limiting rubber block 4-4; screw holes for the sliding rail lifting rods to pass through and limit grooves 4-9 are formed in two sides of the sliding rail 4-7.
As shown in fig. 6, the rotary drill bit 5-5 includes a rotary drill bit outer edge 6-1, a bit outer cutting blade 6-2, and a bit inner cutting blade 6-3.
The guiding device 1-5 is positioned below the soil excavation device 1-4 and comprises a spliced guide rail 5-2, and an extensible transmission shaft 5-8 in the soil excavation device 1-4 sequentially penetrates through the transmission rod bearing 4-6 and the support frame bearing 5-7. The driving wheel 3-2c of the conveyor belt and the driven worm wheel of the worm structure 3-2f are arranged on the same driving wheel shaft 3-2 e. The belt driven pulley 5-4 is fixed to the front bracket 5-3. The splice belt 5-1 bypasses the belt drive pulley 3-2c and the belt driven pulley 5-4.
If the equipment is required to be used in the tunnel model test excavation process, the following operation steps are carried out:
1) According to the test requirements, determining the excavation depth and the position of an excavation target area of each step, placing the spliced guide rail 5-2 in an excavated hole, and checking whether the length of the guide rail is proper.
2) And adjusting the sliding rail lifting rod 3-2a and the transmission rod bearing 4-6, determining that the axle center of the rotary drilling bit 5-5 and the axle center of the excavation target area are approximately consistent, and tightening the compression nut 4-1 to prevent the transmission rod bearing 4-6 from sliding. Checking whether the worm structure 3-2f and the driving wheels 3-2c and the driven wheels 5-4 of the conveyor belt work normally or not, and if necessary, smearing lubricating oil on the parts which are easy to wear.
3) The tightness of the splice-able conveyor 5-1 is checked, with the criteria that the upper conveyor does not touch the lower conveyor when conveying the soil.
4) The transmission shaft 3-1a is separated from the transmission shaft 2-8, and whether the first-stage transmission system 1-1 and the second-stage transmission system 1-2 are normal or not is manually checked, and whether the transmission belts are matched with the transmission wheels or not is manually checked. For the first-stage transmission system 1-1, the tightness of the conveyor belt 2-10 is checked, the standard is that the power output wheel 2-11 and the transmission shaft 2-8 do not generate obvious bending, and the reason for specifying the standard is that after the rotary drill bit 5-5 is clamped, the motor can normally operate and only slide of the conveyor belt 2-10 is shown, and the motor burning accident is avoided.
5) After the inspection is finished, the transmission shaft 3-1a and the transmission shaft 2-8 are butted and fixed by a bolt. And the power supply is externally connected with a motor, the motor is started, and after the rotation speed of the motor is stable, the rotary drilling bit 5-5 is propelled to excavate a target area, and the dregs discharged by the conveyor belt are cleaned in time. For an irregular target area, different forms of excavation can be completed by continuously adjusting the position of the rotary excavating drill bit and always keeping the tangent of the outer edge 6-1 of the drill bit and the boundary of the excavation area. Soil body cut by the cutter heads 6-2 and 6-3 is discharged onto the splice conveyor belt 5-1 along the diversion bin at the rear part of the rotary drilling bit 5-5, and is automatically discharged out of the hole.
By adopting the structure, the excavating equipment provided by the embodiment has the following structure: (1) The method is applicable to excavation sections with various shapes, is applicable to excavation operation in holes with any depth, and expands the application range of simulating various working conditions; (2) The volume is smaller, and the space requirement in a laboratory is smaller; (3) The method is efficient and rapid, reduces manual intervention, and improves similarity between a model test and a field test; (4) The cleaning and maintenance are easy, the operation is simple, and the method can be accepted by researchers of model tests.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all the embodiments of the present invention should be considered as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Other technical features except the technical features described in the specification are known to those skilled in the art, and in order to highlight the innovative features of the present invention, the above technical features are not described in detail herein.
Claims (10)
1. Multiple complicated operating mode simulation excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model test, its characterized in that includes:
A first stage transmission that transmits power from the motor to the second stage transmission;
the second-stage transmission device distributes the power transmitted from the previous stage, one part of the power is transmitted to the soil excavation device, and the other part of the power is transmitted to the third-stage transmission device;
a third stage transmission that transmits power to the muck conveyor;
The soil body excavating device is used for rotatably cutting the soil body of the target area by using the obtained power, so that an excavating process is realized;
The guiding device is used for positioning the position of the soil excavation device and the direction of the muck conveying belt and discharging muck generated by the soil excavation device out of the hole;
The first-stage transmission device comprises a motor, and the motor is a single-phase asynchronous motor.
2. The multi-complex-condition simulated excavation device suitable for tunnel model test as claimed in claim 1, wherein said motor is fixed in the lifting protection frame, the power output end of said motor drives a driving wheel I, and said driving wheel I is connected with a driving wheel II through a conveyor belt I.
3. The multi-complex-condition simulated excavation device suitable for tunnel model test as claimed in claim 2, wherein said lifting protection frame comprises an outer protection frame, a motor lifting frame, a lifting frame guide rail, a hydraulic jack and a jack base, said outer protection frame is connected with the jack base through a lifting frame guide rail arranged vertically, said motor lifting frame is mounted on the lifting frame guide rail, and said motor lifting frame drives the motor lifting frame to move up and down through a hydraulic jack arranged at the bottom of said motor lifting frame, thereby realizing up-and-down movement of the motor.
4. The multi-complex-condition simulated excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model test as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second stage transmission device comprises a power output wheel I, the transmission shaft of said power output wheel I passes through the bearing at the front end of the lifting protection frame of the first stage transmission device to be in butt joint with the shaft of the transmission wheel II of the first stage transmission device, and is fixed by a bolt; and the power output wheel I is connected with a third-stage transmission device and a soil excavation device through a conveyor belt II.
5. The multi-complex-condition simulated excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model test as claimed in claim 4, wherein said second stage transmission further comprises a supporting frame, bearings for fixing a power output wheel shaft and a third stage transmission wheel shaft are arranged on the upper right half part of said supporting frame, a vertically arranged slide rail lifting rod is arranged on the left half part of said supporting frame, the height of slide rail in said soil excavation device can be controlled, and a front bracket can fix a driving wheel shaft in said guiding device.
6. The multi-complex-condition simulated excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model test as claimed in claim 4, wherein an auxiliary wheel is arranged on the outer side of said conveyor belt II.
7. The multi-complex-working-condition simulation excavating equipment suitable for tunnel model tests according to claim 1, wherein the third-stage transmission device comprises a transmission shaft II, one end of the transmission shaft II is in butt joint with a power input wheel II driven by a transmission belt II of the second transmission device, the other end of the transmission shaft II penetrates through a bearing positioned on a supporting frame of the second-stage transmission device and is of a worm structure, and the worm structure is matched with a worm structure driven part worm wheel coaxial with a driving wheel in the guiding device to realize the operation of a muck transmission belt.
8. The multi-complex-working-condition simulated excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil body excavation device comprises a transmission shaft III, one end of the transmission shaft III is in butt joint with a power input wheel III driven by a power input wheel II driven by a transmission belt II of the second transmission device, and the other end of the transmission shaft III is a soil body rotary excavation drill bit; the transmission shaft III of the soil excavation device can be spliced and prolonged and penetrates through the bearings fixed in the sliding rail on the supporting frame of the second-stage transmission device and on the guiding device.
9. The multiple complex-condition simulated excavation apparatus for tunnel model test as claimed in claim 8, wherein said soil excavation means further comprises a slide rail mounted on a slide rail lifting rod of said second transmission means, said transmission shaft III being fixed on said slide rail.
10. The multi-complex-condition simulated excavation equipment suitable for tunnel model tests as claimed in claim 1, wherein said guiding means comprises a spliced guide rail, a driving wheel and a driven wheel, said spliced guide rail is placed in an excavated hole and can be spliced and prolonged with the increase of the depth of the hole; the driving wheel is coaxial with a driven part worm wheel of the worm structure and is fixed on a bracket at the front part of the second-stage transmission device supporting frame; the driven wheel is fixed on a bracket at the front part of the guide device and is matched with the driving wheel to realize the movement of the muck conveying belt; the muck conveying belt bypasses the driving wheel and the driven wheel and can be spliced and prolonged along with the increase of the depth of the hole.
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