CN109657377A - A kind of equivalent contracting mould construction method of train and the equivalent contracting mould of train - Google Patents
A kind of equivalent contracting mould construction method of train and the equivalent contracting mould of train Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of equivalent contracting mould construction method of train and the equivalent contracting mould of train, this method includes obtaining scale factor of the equivalent contracting mould of train compared to each kinetic parameter of full-scale train；Train is divided into a vehicle and intermediate vehicle according to the deformation energy-absorbing feature during train collision and head vehicle is divided into deformation energy-absorbing area and non-deformation zone；It is constructed respectively based on head vehicle, intermediate vehicle of the scale factor of kinetic parameter to the equivalent contracting mould of train；According to the energy-absorbing guide part between adjacent compartment on the deformation energy absorption characteristics building equivalent contracting mould of train of the connection hitch between adjacent compartment on full-scale train, the length of honeycomb aluminum cylindrical body will be calculated based on the dimension scale factor；The area of section of the energy-absorbing guide part is calculated according to the structure size and deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of connection hitch.The head vehicle contracting mould that the present invention constructs can guarantee that train impact force is similar with car body rigidity, precise restoration train collision process, and reliability is higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of vehicle, and in particular to a kind of equivalent contracting mould construction method of train and the equivalent contracting of train
Mould.
Background technique
Great casualties caused by train collision accident is startling.It is hit with vehicles monomers such as automobile, ships
Difference, train are organized into groups by multi-section vehicles, and quality is big, and the speed of service is high, and impact kinetic energy is significantly larger than car crass.Train is hit
The impact damage problem of existing single-unit vehicle during hitting, and have the problems such as coupling knock against each other between each vehicle.Vehicle when due to collision
Coupling between, collision behavior evolutionary process is complicated and changeable, using numerical analysis simulation method, it is difficult to accurately simulate train-
Complexity dynamic response caused by the nonlinear system that route-running environment is constituted；Using full-scale vehicle real object collision and whole
Train multiple body collision testing expenses are huge, therefore, using the small scale equivalent model of train, study vehicle or permutation vehicle collision dynamics
Behavior obtains and optimizes train collision energy-absorbing parametric technique, is the important means for developing impact-resistant energy-absorbing train.
For the small scale equivalent model of existing train, Central South University's Yao's dawn et al. proposes a kind of " equivalent contracting of train
Than model collision experimental rig and method ", the device include control system, dynamometric wall, the equivalent scale model of train, driving vehicle,
Drive vehicle emission system；Test method includes that will move equivalent scale model to hit dynamometric wall or static equivalent scale model, is led to
Development test is crossed, accurate determine influences to climb vehicle, jumps vehicle, the in a zigzag origin causes of formation such as derailing, reducing test difficulty, save experimentation cost.
But it is the specific construction method for providing the equivalent contracting mould of train；In addition, Central South University Gao Guangjun et al. is proposed " for colliding
The train scaled equivalent model construction method and its system of experiment ", it is consistent with true train impact acceleration based on scale model
Property principle, quadrature conversion is carried out to kinetics equation in the case where not considering damping and obtains train weight and impact force and contract to compare
The example factor and the contracting of train speed and time formulate contracting than criterion, to construct contracting ratio according to scale factor than scale factor
Model, the mass block for selecting intensity to be higher than endergonic structure than car body that contracts make, and contracting selects honeycomb aluminum or foam than endergonic structure
Aluminum is made.However, its contracting makes than the mass block that car body selects intensity to be higher than endergonic structure, leads to train mass centre changing and lead
Cause contracting more excessive than car body mass, it is difficult to meet contracting and compare criterion；And mass block car body increases column relative to former car body thin-wall construction
Vehicle rigidity, contracting have larger difference than vehicle body structure and true train, and it is similar not can guarantee car body rigidity, and it is dynamic to easily lead to car body
Mechanical response rule is inconsistent, it is difficult to which accurate simulation train collision dynamic response can not really restore train collision process；This
Outside, the similitude of car body appearance is not considered, and contracting is more larger than car body and former car body appearance difference, and obtained contracting mould also needs further
Improve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of equivalent contracting mould construction method of train and the equivalent contracting moulds of train, and train is divided into
Head vehicle and intermediate vehicle, then head vehicle is divided into deformation energy-absorbing area and non-deformation zone, and then carry out zoning design respectively.It is inhaled for deformation
The hitch conquassation pipe in energy area and main energy absorption device use the equivalent contracting ratio of impact force, for the bearer properties of non-deformation zone and centre vehicle
Using stiffnes s equivalent contracting ratio, the equivalent contracting mould of train head vehicle of foundation had both met kinetic characteristics similarity relation, also met structure phase
Like property, it can guarantee that train impact force is similar with car body rigidity, precise restoration train collision process obtains the higher train of reliability
Head vehicle contracting mould.In addition, the energy-absorbing guide part that the present invention is arranged, during car body collision, absorption cell is by compression energy-absorbing impact energy
Amount, while guide rod being relied on to may further ensure that adjacent car body will not separate in collision process, closer to practical hitch knot
Structure has both good energy-absorbing feature and guiding performance.
On the one hand, the equivalent contracting mould construction method of a kind of train provided by the invention, includes the following steps:
S1: scale factor of the equivalent contracting mould of train compared to each kinetic parameter of full-scale train is obtained；
Wherein, the scale factor type of the kinetic parameter includes at least power scale factor, the displacement ratio factor, size
Scale factor, rigidity scale factor and the mass ratio factor；
S2: train is divided into a vehicle and intermediate vehicle according to the deformation energy-absorbing feature during train collision and draws head vehicle
It is divided into deformation energy-absorbing area and non-deformation zone；
Wherein, deformation energy-absorbing area includes head vehicle energy absorption device and drivers' cab, and the head vehicle energy absorption device includes hitch buffering
Device, hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device, the non-deformation zone is the manned area of head vehicle；
S3: it is constructed respectively based on head vehicle, intermediate vehicle of the scale factor of kinetic parameter to the equivalent contracting mould of train；
A: the dimension scale factor and the mass ratio factor are based on by coupler draft gear, drivers' cab, non-change in full-scale train
The characteristic size and quality of shape area and each intermediate vehicle are obtained multiplied by the corresponding dimension scale factor, the mass ratio factor respectively
The characteristic size and quality that coupler draft gear, drivers' cab, non-deformation zone, each intermediate vehicle match in the equivalent contracting mould of train；
Wherein, characteristic size includes length, thickness；
B: by horizontal, ordinate on the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of full-scale train respectively multiplied by the kinetic parameter to match
Scale factor obtain the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of the equivalent contracting mould of train, then the deformation energy absorption characteristics based on the equivalent contracting mould of train
Curve and hitch conquassation pipe and main energy absorption device in dimension scale factor building head vehicle；
Wherein, deformation energy absorption characteristics curve is the relation curve of compression displacement and impact force, and the area that curve surrounds is to inhale
Energy；
C: based on rigidity scale factor by the rigidity of non-deformation zone in full-scale train and each intermediate vehicle multiplied by rigidity
Scale factor obtains the rigidity of corresponding non-deformation zone in the equivalent contracting mould of train, intermediate vehicle；Again in the non-deformed of the equivalent contracting of train
Reinforcing rib is arranged in area, each intermediate vehicle until respectively reaching corresponding rigidity；
S4: structure size and deformation energy absorption characteristics building according to the connection hitch between adjacent compartment on full-scale train
Energy-absorbing guide part on the equivalent contracting mould of train between adjacent compartment；
Two adjacent compartments on the energy-absorbing guide part connection equivalent contracting mould of train, the energy-absorbing guide part includes energy-absorbing
Hole is opened at part and guide rod, the absorption cell middle part, and the guide rod is through absorption cell middle through-hole and guide rod both ends point
It is not fixed on two adjacent section compartments.
That is, there is deformation energy-absorbing area and non-deformed according to the variation in train composition feature and collision process in the present invention
It is divided into coupler draft gear, hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device, drivers' cab four-stage in area, intermediate vehicle and deformation energy-absorbing area
Deformation, therefore train is divided into a vehicle and intermediate vehicle by the present invention, and head vehicle is divided into again deforms energy-absorbing area and non-deformation zone, for
The energy absorption characteristics for deforming energy-absorbing area use the equivalent contracting ratio of impact force, i.e., special using energy-absorbing for hitch conquassation pipe and main energy absorption device
Linearity curve designs relative dimensions, and it is absorb impact energy by being plastically deformed that this, which is based on the major function in deformation energy-absorbing area,
Amount, it is desirable that impact force uses impact force equivalent steadily to realize ordered deformation；For the carrying of non-deformation zone and intermediate vehicle
Characteristic uses stiffnes s equivalent contracting ratio, and it is carrying that this, which is based on non-deformation zone and intermediate vehicle major function, it is required that rigidity Gao Yishi
It not deforming in existing collision process, therefore uses stiffnes s equivalent, the present invention passes through the actual demand and application of train each section,
Subregion is designed, and the equivalent contracting mould of the train of foundation had both met kinetic characteristics similarity relation, also met structural similarity, can be protected
It is similar with car body rigidity to demonstrate,prove train impact force, precise restoration train collision process.
Especially, the present invention devises a kind of energy-absorbing guide part comprising absorption cell and guide rod are being touched based on car body
During hitting, lateral and vertical offset is had, and the hitch of true train has anti-bias characteristic, guide rod both ends of the invention
It is separately fixed on adjacent compartment, during car body collision, can effectively inhibit the transverse direction and vertical offset of car body, it is same to have
There is anti-bias characteristic, closer to the structure of couplers of true train, so that car body alongst moves as far as possible in collision process,
The identical guiding role of hitch is played in terms of the body movement.
Specifically, the present invention is for coupler draft gear, the hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device, driver in deformation energy-absorbing area
Room is designed respectively, is bonded the internal structure of various pieces in a vehicle contracting mould more with true train internal structure.
Further preferably, energy absorbing component includes connection buffer and connection conquassation pipe, the energy-absorbing in the connection hitch
Absorption cell includes connection buffer simulation part, connection conquassation pipe simulating piece in guide rod；The connection buffer simulation part and company
The building process for connecing conquassation pipe simulating piece is as follows:
The characteristic size that buffer is connected in full-scale train is obtained in the equivalent contracting mould of train multiplied by the dimension scale factor
Connect the characteristic size of buffer simulation part；
By the cross of deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of connection conquassation pipe, ordinate in full-scale train respectively multiplied by matching
The scale factor of kinetic parameter obtains the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece in energy-absorbing guide part, and obtains
The impact force of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece；Connection conquassation pipe simulating piece is calculated further according to the impact force of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece
Area of section；
Wherein, impact force is equal to the product of component strength and area of section；
And the length of connection conquassation pipe in full-scale train is obtained in the equivalent contracting mould of train multiplied by the dimension scale factor
The length of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece.
The connection buffer simulation part is rubber simulating piece, and the connection conquassation pipe simulating piece is honeycomb aluminum simulating piece,
The connection buffer simulation part and connection conquassation pipe simulating piece are cylindrical shape.Based on the equivalent contracting of impact force than being inhaled to design
The sectional dimension for being crushed pipe simulating piece can be connected in part, to guarantee that impact force is equivalent, wherein the deformation energy-absorbing of connection conquassation pipe is special
Linearity curve is straight line, i.e. impact force is constant.The area of section of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece is equal to cylinder section area and subtracts
Remove the area of section of guide rod.
Further preferably, deformation energy absorption characteristics curve and the dimension scale factor building based on the equivalent contracting mould of train
Hitch conquassation in head vehicle is managed and the process of main energy absorption device includes:
By hitch conquassation is managed, the length of main energy absorption device is obtained multiplied by the dimension scale factor respectively in full-scale train head vehicle
The length of hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device in the equivalent contracting die head vehicle of train；
It is corresponding that corresponding impact force, main energy absorption device are managed into hitch conquassation on the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of head vehicle contracting mould
Impact force calculates separately the cross-sectional area of hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device on a vehicle contracting mould；
Wherein, impact force is equal to the product of component strength and area of section.
Further preferably, scale factor process is obtained in S1 are as follows: the power balance equation based on thin-walled plate shell is using similar
Theoretical and equational analysis obtains the scale factor of the kinetic parameter of vehicle contracting mould to the end；
Wherein, train head vehicle uses thin-walled plate and shell structure.
Further preferably, the scale factor of the kinetic parameter further includes time scale, speed proportional factor, adds
Speed proportional factor, the energy proportion factor；
Wherein, the relationship of the scale factor of all kinds of kinetic parameters is as follows:
λl=λ, λF=λ2、λt=λ, λv=1, λa=λ-1、λm=λ3、λk=λ, λE=λ3
In formula, λ is the dimension scale factor, λF、λt、λv、λa、λm、λk、λERespectively power scale factor, time scale,
Speed proportional factor, acceleration scale factor, the mass ratio factor, rigidity scale factor, the energy proportion factor.
The present invention is mainly thin-wall aluminum alloy structure in view of train, therefore the present invention is directed to its power of thin-walled plate shell analysis
The similarity relation of characteristic is learned, the train contracting mould made is better-matched with true train, the reliability of obtained scale factor
Also higher.
For the similarity relation of its kinetic characteristics of thin-walled plate shell analysis.The power balance equation of elastic sheet is following public affairs
Formula (1)
Wherein, w is the amount of deflection of elastic sheet, and h is the thickness of elastic sheet, and ρ is the density of material, and D is elastic sheet
Bending stiffness, E are elasticity modulus, and μ is Poisson's ratio, and t is the time, and x, y are respectively coordinate direction, wherein the bending resistance of elastic sheet
Rigidity D is as follows:
If the model function of vibration for indicating thin plate vibration shape is W (x, y), thin plate amount of deflection is expressed as formula (2)
W=[Acos (ω t)+Bsin (ω t)] W (x, y) (2)
Wherein, A, B are undetermined coefficient, and ω is the intrinsic frequency of elastic sheet.Formula (2) are substituted into formula (1) to obtain
In view of full-scale prototype and contracting mould are all satisfied formula (3), have
Wherein subscript p and m respectively indicates full-scale train head vehicle and head vehicle contracting mould.
Full-scale prototype and contracting mould boundary condition having the same are enabled, no matter then whether contracting mode structure is distorted, prototype
It is consistent with the boundary condition equation of contracting mould, special consideration can not be made, at this time the scale factor of model function of vibration W (x, y) only with ruler
Very little scale factor is related.Introduce similarity relation: Dp=λDDm, Wp=λWWm, xp=λxxm, yp=λyym, ρp=λρρm, hp=λhhm,
ωp=λωωm, wherein Dp、DmThe bending stiffness of thin-wall construction, W in respectively full-scale train head vehicle and head vehicle contracting mouldp、WmPoint
Not Wei in full-scale train head vehicle and head vehicle contracting mould thin-wall construction model function of vibration, xp、xmRespectively full-scale train head vehicle and head
The size of thin-wall construction in the x direction, y in vehicle contracting mouldp、ymThin-wall construction in respectively full-scale train head vehicle and head vehicle contracting mould
Size in y-direction, ρp、ρmThe density of material of thin-wall construction, h in respectively full-scale train head vehicle and head vehicle contracting mouldp、hm
The thickness of thin-wall construction, ω in respectively full-scale train head vehicle and head vehicle contracting mouldp、ωmRespectively full-scale train head vehicle and head
The intrinsic frequency of thin-wall construction, λ in vehicle contracting mouldD, λW, λx, λy, λρ, λh, λωRespectively bending stiffness scale factor, model function of vibration
Scale factor, the direction the y dimension scale factor, density of material scale factor, thickness scale factors, is consolidated the direction the x dimension scale factor
There is frequency scaling factor.
Based on this, obtained by formula (4):
Assuming that geometrical characteristic on the direction thin plate x is length a, the geometrical characteristic on the direction y is length b, then formula (5) can be with
It is write as:
Wherein λa、λbThe respectively scale factor of length a and length b.By equational analysis it is found that every ratio in formula (6)
The factor is equal to each other, and is obtained
Due to?
In train head vehicle contracting mold process, the dimension scale factor is λ, and material property is constant, that is, has λa=λb=λh=λ, λE
=λμ=λρ=1, therefore the intrinsic frequency λ of elastic sheet is obtained according to formula (7)ωScale factor be 1/ λ, then time scale
The factor
In train collision research, the kinetic parameter mainly considered is car body rigidity, deflection, stroke speed, acceleration
Degree, impact force and energy absorption, influence very little of remaining physical parameter to train dynamics response characteristic can be not considered.Root
The scale factor of other kinetic parameters, as shown in table 1, middling speed can be obtained according to the dimension scale factor and time scale
Spend scale factorAcceleration scale factorThe mass ratio factorPower ratio
Factor lambdaF=λmλa=λ2, rigidity scale factorEnergy proportion factor lambdaE=λFλl=λ3。
The equivalent contracting mould kinetic parameter scale factor of 1 train of table
Further preferably, the car body of the equivalent contracting mould of the train is spliced to form by square tube, and the square tube is hollow.
Car body is spliced by several small square tubes, compared to the mass block system for selecting intensity to be higher than endergonic structure in Gao Guang army
Make, it is more excessive than car body mass that the prior art will lead to contracting, it is difficult to meet contracting than criterion, and this programme can mitigate car body weight significantly
Amount, easily meets equivalent rule.It can be avoided simultaneously in the prior art because of Rigidity caused by mass block.
Further preferably, the hitch conquassation pipe uses cylindrical honeycomb aluminium；The main energy absorption device uses cuboid
Honeycomb aluminum, the buffer use rubber analogue buffer.
Further preferably, the deformable zone in the equivalent contracting mould of the train is generated using 3D printing method.
Since structure is complicated for deformable zone, because selecting 3D printing to effectively restore train shape.
Further preferably, the car body of the equivalent contracting mould of the train is aluminum alloy bodywork.
A kind of equivalent contracting mould of train based on the above method, including head vehicle and intermediate vehicle, wherein head vehicle is divided into deformation and inhales
Can area and non-deformation zone, be equipped with energy-absorbing guide part between adjacent compartment；
The deformation energy-absorbing area includes head vehicle energy absorption device and drivers' cab, and the head vehicle energy absorption device includes hitch buffering
Device, hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device；
Wherein, the coupler draft gear is rubber analogue buffer, and the hitch conquassation pipe is cylindrical honeycomb aluminium；It is described
Main energy absorption device is cuboid honeycomb aluminum；
Two adjacent compartments on the energy-absorbing guide part connection equivalent contracting mould of train, the energy-absorbing guide part includes energy-absorbing
Hole is opened at part and guide rod, the absorption cell middle part, and the guide rod is through absorption cell middle through-hole and guide rod both ends point
It is not fixed on two adjacent section compartments.
Beneficial effect
1, the present invention is according to the variation in train composition feature and collision process, that is, there is deformation energy-absorbing area and non-deformed
It is divided into coupler draft gear, hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device, drivers' cab four-stage in area, intermediate vehicle and deformation energy-absorbing area
Deformation, therefore train is divided into a vehicle and intermediate vehicle by the present invention, and head vehicle is divided into again deforms energy-absorbing area and non-deformation zone, for
The energy absorption characteristics for deforming energy-absorbing area use the equivalent contracting ratio of impact force, i.e., special using energy-absorbing for hitch conquassation pipe and main energy absorption device
Linearity curve designs relative dimensions, and it is absorb impact energy by being plastically deformed that this, which is based on the major function in deformation energy-absorbing area,
Amount, it is desirable that impact force uses impact force equivalent steadily to realize ordered deformation；For the carrying of non-deformation zone and intermediate vehicle
Characteristic uses stiffnes s equivalent contracting ratio, and it is carrying that this, which is based on non-deformation zone and intermediate vehicle major function, it is required that rigidity Gao Yishi
It not deforming in existing collision process, therefore uses stiffnes s equivalent, the present invention passes through the actual demand and application of train each section,
Subregion is designed, and the equivalent contracting mould of the train of foundation had both met kinetic characteristics similarity relation, also met structural similarity, can be protected
It is similar with car body rigidity to demonstrate,prove train impact force, precise restoration train collision process.
2, the present invention devises a kind of energy-absorbing guide part comprising on the one hand honeycomb aluminum cylindrical body and guide rod are based on
The equivalent contracting ratio of impact force is crushed the connection of pipe simulating piece and rubber with the connection of honeycomb aluminum come the size for designing honeycomb aluminum cylindrical body
Buffer simulation part connects the energy absorption characteristics of hitch during train actual collision to simulate；On the other hand, it is being touched based on car body
During hitting, lateral and vertical offset is had, and the hitch of true train has anti-bias characteristic, guide rod both ends of the invention
It is separately fixed on adjacent compartment, during car body collision, can effectively inhibit the transverse direction and vertical offset of car body, it is same to have
There is anti-bias characteristic, closer to the structure of couplers of true train, so that car body alongst moves as far as possible in collision process,
The identical guiding role of hitch is played in terms of the body movement.
3, the present invention considers that train is mainly thin-wall aluminum alloy structure, and therefore, the present invention has shifted thin-walled plate shell power onto
The scale factor for learning parameter is more suitable for the bullet train contracting ratio that car body is thin-wall aluminum alloy structure.
4, the present invention is spliced to form car body using hollow square tube, significantly reduces car body weight, easily meets equivalent original
Then, it especially selects mass block to make car body compared in Gao Guangjun scheme, both solves the problems, such as that contracting is more excessive than car body mass,
Can also be effectively prevented from simultaneously and increase train rigidity because of mass block, cause contracting than vehicle body structure and true train difference compared with
Greatly, the problem of body powered non_uniform response, the present invention is made by square tube and arranges reinforcing rib on the car body, so that waiting
Effect model meets stiffnes s equivalent, and the equivalent contracting mould internal structure of train and true train are closer.
5, the similitude of car body appearance is not considered in Gao Guangjun scheme, contracting is more larger than car body and former car body appearance difference.This
Train head vehicle is divided into deformable zone and carrying area by invention, the processing method that deformable zone uses 3D printing, carrying area shape compared with
For rule, it is based on equivalent model design criteria, carrying area equivalent model is established, finally by equivalent model deformable zone and carrying area
The small scale equivalent model of train head vehicle is completed in welding, and vehicle regular shape among train is based on equivalent model design criteria, is established
Intermediate vehicle equivalent model, the equivalent contracting mould appearance of train are similar to true train height.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the equivalent contracting mould construction method of train provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of head vehicle in the equivalent contracting mould of train provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of intermediate vehicle in the equivalent contracting mould of train provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is two schematic diagrames of reinforcing rib provided by the invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of two different angles of energy-absorbing guide part provided by the invention；
Fig. 6 is the head vehicle equivalent model simulation result comparative analysis figure after full-scale head vehicle simulation result and reduction；Wherein,
(a) figure is impact force-time plot, and (b) figure is acceleration-time plot, and (c) figure is head vehicle energy absorption device compressed line
Journey-time plot；
Fig. 7 is the partial node vehicle equivalent model simulation result comparative analysis figure after full-scale partial node vehicle simulation result and reduction；
(a) figure is impact force-time plot, and (b) figure is acceleration-time plot, (c) figure be connection hitch compression travel-when
Half interval contour figure；
Each frame energy allocation result that the full-scale train simulation of Fig. 8 and the small scale equivalent model of train emulate compares
Analysis chart, (a) figure are full-scale train, and (b) figure is the equivalent contracting mould of train, and (c) figure is frame energy distribution comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, in terms of the equivalent contracting mould construction method of a kind of train provided by the invention mainly includes following four:
One, the scale factor of kinetic parameter derives；
Two, train zoning design；
Three, validation verification.
One, derive about the scale factor of kinetic parameter: the present invention is thin-wall aluminum alloy structure in view of train, therefore
For the similarity relation of its kinetic characteristics of thin-walled plate shell analysis, i.e., the power balance equation based on thin-walled plate shell uses similar reason
By the scale factor for obtaining the kinetic parameter of vehicle contracting mould to the end with equational analysis.Obtained scale factor is as listed in Table 1.This
Place repeats no more.
Two, about train zoning design, train is divided into a vehicle and intermediate vehicle according to train composition by the present invention.
Head vehicle zoning design: train knockout process is divided into two stages, and the first stage is the deformation energy-absorbing stage, by train end
The energy absorption device and drivers' cab implements spatial scalable compression in portion absorb collision energy；Second stage is the carrying stage, is held by the manned area of train
It carries, car body does not deform.Therefore, as shown in Fig. 2, train head bassinet structure is carried out subregion, deformation energy-absorbing area includes that head vehicle is inhaled
Energy device and drivers' cab, non-deformation zone are manned area.Head vehicle energy absorption device includes coupler draft gear, hitch conquassation pipe, main energy-absorbing
Device.
(1) deformation energy-absorbing area is designed:
Firstly, horizontal, ordinate on the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of full-scale train head vehicle is dynamic multiplied by what is matched respectively
The scale factor of mechanics parameter obtains the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of vehicle contracting mould to the end.
Wherein, the abscissa for deforming energy absorption characteristics curve is compression displacement, and ordinate is impact force, the face that curve is surrounded
Product is energy absorption.The compression stage of energy-absorbing deformed area when the curve of this vehicle describes train collision, first coupler draft gear pressure
Contracting, plays buffer function, i.e., with the increase of compression displacement, impact force increases；Then hitch conquassation pipe, main energy-absorbing and drivers' cab according to
Second compression deformation, wherein the compression stage of hitch conquassation pipe, main energy-absorbing, corresponding impact force is in stages respectively depending on its
It remains unchanged.Full-scale head vehicle is deformed the ordinate of energy absorption characteristics curve multiplied by impact force proportionality factors lambdaF, abscissa multiplied by
Displacement ratio factor lambdal, the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of head vehicle contracting mould is obtained, is crushed pipe compressed platform power F including hitch1m、
Main energy-absorbing compressed platform power F2m。
It is then based on deformation energy absorption characteristics curve and the deformation of dimension scale factor design head vehicle contracting mould of a vehicle contracting mould
The size of coupler draft gear, hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device and drivers' cab in energy-absorbing area.
About coupler draft gear: by the characteristic size of coupler draft gear on full-scale train head vehicle multiplied by the dimension scale factor
Obtain the character pair size of coupler draft gear on vehicle contracting mould to the end；By the quality of coupler draft gear on full-scale train head vehicle multiplied by
The mass ratio factor obtains the corresponding mass of coupler draft gear on vehicle contracting mould to the end.In addition, true train often selects rubber bumper,
Therefore coupler draft gear is simulated using rubber in train head vehicle contracting mould.It is crushed and manages about hitch: on the one hand according to the change of head vehicle contracting mould
Corresponding compressed platform power F is managed in hitch conquassation on shape energy absorption characteristics curve1mDesign the cross section of hitch conquassation pipe on head vehicle contracting mould
Product；
Wherein, hitch conquassation pipe is intended using cylindrical honeycomb aluminum dipping form, the pressure of honeycomb aluminum is that compression is flat multiplied by cross-sectional area
Platform power can obtain corresponding hitch and be crushed pipe pressure by the honeycomb aluminum for selecting varying strength and the cross-sectional area for changing honeycomb aluminum
Contracting platform force F1m。
The length of hitch conquassation pipe on full-scale train is obtained vehicle contracting mould to the end multiplied by the dimension scale factor and got on the bus by two aspects
The design length of hook conquassation pipe.
About main energy absorption device: on the one hand, corresponding according to main energy absorption device on the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of head vehicle contracting mould
Compressed platform power F2mDesign the cross-sectional area of main energy absorption device on head vehicle contracting mould.
Wherein, main energy absorption device is simulated using cuboid honeycomb aluminum, the pressure of honeycomb aluminum is compression multiplied by cross-sectional area
Platform force can obtain corresponding hitch conquassation pipe by the honeycomb aluminum for selecting varying strength and the cross-sectional area for changing honeycomb aluminum
Compressed platform power F2m。
The length of energy absorption device main on full-scale train is obtained master on vehicle contracting mould to the end multiplied by the dimension scale factor by two aspects
The design length of energy absorption device.
About drivers' cab: the characteristic size of drivers' cab on full-scale train head vehicle is obtained vehicle to the end multiplied by the dimension scale factor
The character pair size (including length, thickness) of drivers' cab on contracting mould.Drivers' cab quality on full-scale train head vehicle is multiplied
The corresponding mass of drivers' cab on vehicle contracting mould to the end is obtained with the mass ratio factor.
Deformable zone is preferably generated in the present embodiment by the way of 3D printing, a vehicle is generated by the way of 3D printing
Energy absorption device and drivers' cab make its appearance closer to true train, especially drivers' cab.Wherein, car body materials select aluminium alloy
Square tubes soldering forms, and deformable zone is connect with non-deformation zone by welding manner.
(2) non-deformation zone and intermediate vehicle are designed:
About size is equivalent and quality is equivalent: based on the equivalent contracting of size than by non-deformation zone on full-scale train head vehicle, in
Between the characteristic size of vehicle the characteristic size of non-deformation zone on vehicle contracting mould to the end, intermediate vehicle is obtained multiplied by the dimension scale factor.Based on matter
Equivalent contracting is measured than the quality of non-deformation zone on full-scale train head vehicle, intermediate vehicle is obtained vehicle contracting mould to the end multiplied by the mass ratio factor
Upper non-deformation zone, intermediate vehicle quality.
About stiffnes s equivalent: car body of the invention is spliced using hollow square tube, and preferably car body selects aluminium alloy,
If directly adopt square tubes soldering will lead to the equivalent contracting mould of train rigidity it is too small, car body is easily bent in collision process, this
Invention devises reinforcing rib, and reinforcing rib selects aluminum alloy square tube to bend, and adjacent said rib uses aluminum alloy square tube welding machine, such as
Described in Fig. 4.Gauging surface, the car body rigidity increased before reinforcing rib structure after train small scale equivalent model reduction is 133kN/
Mm is much smaller than train practical stiffness, after car body longitudinal direction is evenly distributed 4 reinforcing ribs, the small scale equivalent model reduction of train
Car body rigidity afterwards is 224kN/mm, and former car body rigidity is 230kN/mm, and relative error 2.6% increases by this method
The rigidity of equivalent model, the reinforcing rib is for the vehicle-mounted objective area of equivalent model head and intermediate vehicle car body.
Wherein, for non-deformation zone and intermediate vehicle, it is mainly used for load-carrying function, it is therefore desirable to guarantee that its rigidity is wanted
It asks.The rigidity of non-deformation zone, each intermediate vehicle is obtained non-deformation zone, each centre multiplied by rigidity scale factor respectively by the present invention
The rigidity of vehicle；It is set to respectively obtain corresponding rigidity by reinforcing rib of arranging again.Preferred non-deformation zone, each centre in the present embodiment
Reinforcing rib on vehicle is alongst equidistantly to arrange.
As shown in figure 5, the present invention designs a kind of energy-absorbing guide part as the connector between adjacent compartment.Wherein, it inhales
Hole is opened at energy guide part packet absorption cell and guide part, absorption cell middle part, and the guide rod is through absorption cell middle through-hole and leads
It is separately fixed to bar both ends on two adjacent section compartments, for example pin is fixed.
In true train, the endergonic structure between two neighboring compartment is connection hitch, wherein is inhaled in the equivalent contracting mould of train
Energy part includes connection buffer simulation part, connection conquassation pipe simulating piece；Connection buffer simulation part delays with connection in hitch is connect
It rushes device to correspond to, connection conquassation pipe simulating piece is corresponding with the connection conquassation pipe connected in hitch.
It is equivalent that the characteristic size that buffer is connected in full-scale train multiplied by the dimension scale factor is obtained train by the present invention
The characteristic size of buffer simulation part is connected in contracting mould；
By the cross of deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of connection conquassation pipe, ordinate in full-scale train respectively multiplied by matching
The scale factor of kinetic parameter obtains the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece in energy-absorbing guide part, and obtains
The impact force of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece；Connection conquassation pipe simulating piece is calculated further according to the impact force of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece
Area of section；
Wherein, impact force is equal to the product of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece intensity and area of section.
And the length of connection conquassation pipe in full-scale train is obtained in the equivalent contracting mould of train multiplied by the dimension scale factor
The length of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece.
It should be noted that the dependence test of modeling process of the present invention is simulated in software, for example finite element analysis software,
Therefore it needs first to set associated crash parameter before implementing, the loading force that head vehicle contracting mould is for example arranged is equal to full-scale train head vehicle
Loading force multiplied by power scale factor, head vehicle contracting mould impact velocity be equal to full-scale train head vehicle impact velocity multiplied by speed
Scale factor, head vehicle contracting mould collision time be equal to full-scale train head vehicle collision time multiplied by time scale.According to
Scale factor setting collision parameter makes collision operating condition equivalent.
Three, validation verification.
Numerical simulation is carried out to full-scale train collision operating condition and the equivalent contracting mould collision operating condition of train, impact force is selected, hits
Acceleration, endergonic structure compression travel are hit as main contrast's parameter, equivalent result phase is analyzed according to equivalent model design criteria
For the validity of legitimate reading.The result shows that the equivalent model after full-scale train collision simulation result and reduction is emulated and is tied
Fruit similarity is higher, and relative error is respectively less than 1%.Head vehicle car body hits force-time curve, car body acceleration-in collision process
Time graph and endergonic structure compression travel-time graph coincide preferably, and car body maximum impact force is 2800kN, and car body is most greatly
Speed is 2.9g, and endergonic structure maximum compression stroke is 1585mm, as shown in Figure 6.Partial node vehicle car body impact force-in collision process
Time graph, car body acceleration-time graph and endergonic structure compression travel-time graph coincide preferably, and car body maximum is hit
Power is 4200kN, and car body peak acceleration is 2.7g, and endergonic structure maximum compression stroke is 430mm, as shown in Figure 7.Each car body
Energy allocation model after collision is as shown in figure 8, wherein car number 1-8 corresponds to head vehicle-trailer number, the equivalent contracting mould of train
Collision energy allocation model is consistent with full-scale train collision energy Distribution dynamics, from the beginning vehicle to trailer, each car body energy absorption according to
Secondary reduction, therefore dynamic response when the equivalent contracting mould of train can really feed back full-scale train collision, equivalent model are hit
It hits power, acceleration, endergonic structure compression travel and collision energy Distribution dynamics and full-scale train is almost the same.
In conclusion true train car body is that aluminium alloy thin-walled structure is welded, vehicle interior is hollow.Existing skill
Contracting selects intensity to be higher than energy-absorbing than car body in art " train scaled equivalent model construction method and its system for collision experiment "
The mass block of structure makes, and increases train rigidity, and contracting has larger difference, car body materials than vehicle body structure and true train
Difference to easily lead to body powered response pattern inconsistent.Car body selects aluminum alloy square tube production in the present invention, mitigates significantly
Car body weight.True train collision mass is 55 tons, and the collision mass in the present invention after the equivalent contracting mould reduction of train is 54.3
Ton, it is hollow knot that relative error, which is only 1.3%, and the equivalent contracting mould internal structure of train is identical as true train internal structure
Structure.During train collision, unanimously, relative error is small for the equivalent contracting mould of train and true train impact force and acceleration responsive rule
In 0.5%, equivalent model and true train endergonic structure compression travel relative error are less than 0.8%；Directly adopt square tubes soldering
It will lead to that equivalent model rigidity is too small, and car body is easily bent in collision process, it is equivalent that the present invention devises reinforcing rib structure
The reinforcing plate structure in former car body is substituted, the rigidity of equivalent model is increased, former car body rigidity is 230kN/mm, train in the present invention
Car body rigidity after equivalent contracting mould reduction is 224kN/mm, relative error 2.6%；Compared with the existing technology " for colliding reality
The train scaled equivalent model construction method and its system tested ", train head vehicle is divided into deformable zone and carrying area by the present invention, can
The processing method that deformed area uses 3D printing, carrying area shape is more regular, is based on equivalent model design criteria, establishes carrying area
Equivalent model finally welds equivalent model deformable zone and carrying area, completes train head vehicle equivalent model, appearance and former car body
It is highly similar；Vehicle regular shape among train is based on equivalent model design criteria, establishes intermediate vehicle equivalent model；True train
It is connected between vehicle by hitch, there is preferable energy absorption characteristics and guiding performance, the prior art " the train contracting ratio for collision experiment
The energy absorption characteristics that equivalent model construction method and its system " only accounts for endergonic structure are equivalent, and contracting selects honeycomb than endergonic structure
Aluminium or foamed aluminium, do not consider the guiding role of endergonic structure, and the present invention devises a kind of aluminum honeycomb energy-absorbing guide frame connection
Adjacent car body has both good energy absorption characteristics and guiding performance.
It is emphasized that example of the present invention be it is illustrative, without being restrictive, thus the present invention it is unlimited
Example described in specific embodiment, other all obtained according to the technique and scheme of the present invention by those skilled in the art
Embodiment does not depart from present inventive concept and range, and whether modification or replacement, also belong to protection model of the invention
It encloses.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of equivalent contracting mould construction method of train, characterized by the following steps:
S1: scale factor of the equivalent contracting mould of train compared to each kinetic parameter of full-scale train is obtained；
Wherein, the scale factor type of the kinetic parameter includes at least power scale factor, the displacement ratio factor, dimension scale
The factor, rigidity scale factor and the mass ratio factor；
S2: train is divided into a vehicle and intermediate vehicle according to the deformation energy-absorbing feature during train collision and is divided into head vehicle
Deform energy-absorbing area and non-deformation zone；
Wherein, deformation energy-absorbing area includes head vehicle energy absorption device and drivers' cab, and the head vehicle energy absorption device includes coupler draft gear, vehicle
Hook conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device, the non-deformation zone are the manned area of head vehicle；
S3: it is constructed respectively based on head vehicle, intermediate vehicle of the scale factor of kinetic parameter to the equivalent contracting mould of train；
A: the dimension scale factor and the mass ratio factor are based on by coupler draft gear, drivers' cab, non-deformation zone in full-scale train
And the characteristic size and quality of each intermediate vehicle obtain train multiplied by the corresponding dimension scale factor, the mass ratio factor respectively
The characteristic size and quality that coupler draft gear, drivers' cab, non-deformation zone, each intermediate vehicle match in equivalent contracting mould；
Wherein, characteristic size includes length, thickness；
B: by horizontal, ordinate on the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of full-scale train respectively multiplied by the ratio of the kinetic parameter to match
The example factor obtains the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of the equivalent contracting mould of train, then the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve based on the equivalent contracting mould of train
And hitch conquassation pipe and main energy absorption device in dimension scale factor building head vehicle；
Wherein, deformation energy absorption characteristics curve is the relation curve of compression displacement and impact force, and the area that curve surrounds is energy absorption；
C: based on rigidity scale factor by the rigidity of non-deformation zone in full-scale train and each intermediate vehicle multiplied by rigidity ratio
The factor obtains the rigidity of corresponding non-deformation zone in the equivalent contracting mould of train, intermediate vehicle；Again in the non-deformation zone of the equivalent contracting of train, each
Reinforcing rib is arranged on a intermediate vehicle until respectively reaching corresponding rigidity；
S4: structure size and deformation energy absorption characteristics according to the connection hitch between adjacent compartment on full-scale train construct train
Energy-absorbing guide part on equivalent contracting mould between adjacent compartment；
Two adjacent compartments on the energy-absorbing guide part connection equivalent contracting mould of train, the energy-absorbing guide part include absorption cell with
And hole is opened at guide rod, the absorption cell middle part, the guide rod runs through absorption cell middle through-hole and guide rod both ends are solid respectively
It is scheduled on two adjacent section compartments.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: energy absorbing component includes connection buffer in the connection hitch
It is managed with connection conquassation, absorption cell includes connection buffer simulation part, connection conquassation pipe simulating piece in the energy-absorbing guide rod；It is described
The building process for connecting buffer simulation part and connection conquassation pipe simulating piece is as follows:
The characteristic size that buffer is connected in full-scale train is obtained connecting in the equivalent contracting mould of train multiplied by the dimension scale factor
The characteristic size of buffer simulation part；
By the cross of the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of connection conquassation pipe, ordinate in full-scale train respectively multiplied by the power to match
The scale factor for learning parameter obtains the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece in energy-absorbing guide part, and obtains connection
It is crushed the impact force of pipe simulating piece；Cutting for connection conquassation pipe simulating piece is calculated further according to the impact force of connection conquassation pipe simulating piece
Face area；
Wherein, impact force is equal to the product of component strength and area of section；
And the length of connection conquassation pipe in full-scale train is obtained connecting in the equivalent contracting mould of train multiplied by the dimension scale factor
It is crushed the length of pipe simulating piece.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the deformation energy absorption characteristics based on the equivalent contracting mould of train are bent
Hitch conquassation in line and dimension scale factor building head vehicle is managed and the process of main energy absorption device includes:
By hitch conquassation is managed, the length of main energy absorption device obtains train multiplied by the dimension scale factor respectively in full-scale train head vehicle
The length of hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device in equivalent contracting die head vehicle；
Corresponding impact force, the corresponding shock of main energy absorption device are managed into hitch conquassation on the deformation energy absorption characteristics curve of head vehicle contracting mould
Power calculates separately the cross-sectional area of hitch conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device on a vehicle contracting mould；
Wherein, impact force is equal to the product of component strength and area of section.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: obtaining scale factor process in S1 are as follows: be based on thin-walled plate shell
Power balance equation the scale factor of the kinetic parameter of vehicle contracting mould to the end is obtained using the theory of similarity and equational analysis；
Wherein, train head vehicle uses thin-walled plate and shell structure.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized by: the scale factor of the kinetic parameter further includes time ratio
The example factor, speed proportional factor, acceleration scale factor, the energy proportion factor；
Wherein, the relationship of the scale factor of all kinds of kinetic parameters is as follows:
λl=λ, λF=λ2、λt=λ, λv=1, λa=λ-1、λm=λ3、λk=λ, λE=λ3
In formula, λ is the dimension scale factor, λF、λt、λv、λa、λm、λk、λERespectively power scale factor, time scale, speed
Scale factor, acceleration scale factor, the mass ratio factor, rigidity scale factor, the energy proportion factor.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the car body of the equivalent contracting mould of the train splices structure by square tube
At the square tube is hollow.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: hitch conquassation pipe uses cylindrical honeycomb aluminium；It is described
Main energy absorption device uses cuboid honeycomb aluminum, and the coupler draft gear uses rubber analogue buffer.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the deformable zone in the equivalent contracting mould of the train is beaten using 3D
India side formula generates.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the car body of the equivalent contracting mould of the train is aluminum alloy bodywork.
10. a kind of equivalent contracting mould of train based on any one of claim 1-9 the method, it is characterised in that: including head vehicle and
Intermediate vehicle, wherein head vehicle is divided into deformation energy-absorbing area and non-deformation zone, is equipped with energy-absorbing guide part between adjacent compartment；
The deformation energy-absorbing area includes head vehicle energy absorption device and drivers' cab, and the head vehicle energy absorption device includes coupler draft gear, vehicle
Hook conquassation pipe, main energy absorption device；
Wherein, the coupler draft gear is rubber analogue buffer, and the hitch conquassation pipe is cylindrical honeycomb aluminium；The main suction
Energy device is cuboid honeycomb aluminum；
Two adjacent compartments on the energy-absorbing guide part connection equivalent contracting mould of train, the energy-absorbing guide part include absorption cell with
And hole is opened at guide rod, the absorption cell middle part, the guide rod runs through absorption cell middle through-hole and guide rod both ends are solid respectively
It is scheduled on two adjacent section compartments.
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