CN109655583A - A kind of atmospheric environment ground monitoring website based on satellite remote sensing is deployed to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities network-building method - Google Patents
A kind of atmospheric environment ground monitoring website based on satellite remote sensing is deployed to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities network-building method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of atmospheric environment ground monitoring website based on satellite remote sensing deploys to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities network-building method, firstly, deploying to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities in ground monitoring considers a wide range of continuous historical satellite image information in networking；Secondly, carrying out space time information excavation to multi-source satellite image data multiple dimensioned when more, the polluted informations such as pollution geographical distribution, pollution evolution trend and the pollution variety frequency of long-term sequence are obtained；Then, the polluted information based on historical satellite image determines high pollution areas and pollution high frequency region of variation；Finally, pollution classification region division encrypted area and rarefaction based on judgement, and then networking of deploying to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities, establish reasonable, low consumption, effective ground pollution monitoring net.Ground monitoring website provided by the invention is deployed to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities, and networking plan is more reasonable, and with the consumption of the smallest manpower, material resources and financial resources, the ground monitoring information of acquisition data peak use rate has a good application prospect in environmental grounds monitoring field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric satellite remote sensing application, in particular to a method for arranging, controlling and networking atmospheric environment ground monitoring sites based on satellite remote sensing.
Background
The atmospheric environment ground monitoring network is used as the most direct atmospheric environment monitoring means on the ground, can acquire real-time ground atmospheric environment information, quantitatively describes the atmospheric environment pollution current situation, and provides a reliable and powerful reference basis for the formulation of atmospheric environment monitoring and governing policies. How to establish an atmospheric environment ground monitoring network is a problem which must be considered by an environmental protection monitoring department. The current common atmospheric environment ground monitoring network adopts a uniformly distributed mode, which is the best choice when the pollution condition of a monitoring area is unknown and is also reasonable when the pollution condition of the monitoring area is more consistent. However, the real-world pollution conditions often depend on the distribution of the emission sources, the geographical location, the climate change and other factors, which causes the pollution in different areas to have obvious space-time difference. If the scheme of uniformly distributing and controlling the ground monitoring stations is continuously adopted, the monitoring data of the light-polluted area is redundant, the monitoring data of the heavy-polluted area is insufficient, the monitoring data of the area in the same pollution condition for a long time is redundant, and the monitoring data of the area in which the pollution condition is continuously changed is insufficient. Therefore, the pollution condition of the monitoring area needs to be considered in the distribution and control networking of the atmospheric environment ground monitoring station.
The atmospheric environment monitoring satellite is an important component in the field of space-based atmospheric environment monitoring, can acquire continuous, multi-scale and large-range atmospheric pollution information, and is widely applied to inversion, source tracing, transmission diffusion and the like of ground pollutants at present. The method is characterized in that the atmospheric pollution is researched based on satellite remote sensing abroad, a lot of satellite data in a long-time sequence are freely downloaded, and abundant and precious data support is provided for researching the historical pollution condition of a monitoring area in China. The current atmospheric environment satellites include active satellites and passive satellites. Active satellites invert atmospheric information by transmitting laser light to the ground and then based on the received laser echo signals. The method has the advantages that the method is not influenced by weather conditions, and atmospheric information can be acquired even under the condition of cloud; atmospheric vertical information can be acquired, which has an important role in researching atmospheric vertical conditions. The method has the disadvantages that the signal source actively emits laser signals, the laser emitted once is limited, and the size of the laser beam is also limited, so that the ground range of once detection is limited, the satellite revisit period is generally more than 10 days, and the ground pollution distribution condition is not easy to study; the inversion accuracy is worse than that of a passive satellite, the active satellite focuses more on the vertical information of the atmosphere, and the atmospheric information needs to be inverted layer by layer, so that the final atmospheric information error is inevitably enlarged. The passive satellite uses a solar light source as a signal source, and can acquire a reflection signal as long as light exists so as to acquire atmospheric information. The method has the advantages that the revisit period is short, the day-by-day and hour-by-hour atmospheric information can be obtained, and even the minute-level atmospheric information can be obtained; the atmospheric product has high inversion accuracy, the passive satellite directly utilizes the acquired whole vertical column-shaped echo signal to invert atmospheric information, only one inversion is carried out, and the error is low. The method has the disadvantages that the method is easily influenced by weather conditions, and atmospheric information cannot be basically inverted under the condition of cloud. Because the atmospheric remote sensing ground monitoring station only needs to pay attention to the pollution geographical distribution of the monitoring area, the passive satellite data is adopted in the invention.
Passive atmospheric satellites can be divided into polar satellites and geostationary satellites for different purposes. The polar orbit satellite runs on a near-earth sun synchronous satellite orbit and passes through the orbit once every day at regular time, so that the daily atmospheric pollution information can be obtained, and the method can be used for evaluating the pollution degree of different areas in a monitoring area. At present, more atmospheric polar orbit satellites are used, namely Terra satellites and Aqua satellites emitted by the United states space agency in 1999 and 2002, a middle resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) carried on the Terra satellites and the Aqua satellites can acquire spectral information of 36 channels, and based on the abundant information, the official network of the United states space agency has inverted to obtain products reflecting atmospheric information and freely provides downloads to the world. The high-resolution five-size satellite emitted in 2018 years in China carries sensors such as a full-spectrum spectral imager, an atmospheric aerosol multi-angle polarization detector, an atmosphere main greenhouse gas detector and the like, and is expected to become a leading source of future atmospheric pollution information in China. Since the geostationary satellite travels on a geostationary orbit at the same angular velocity as the earth's rotation velocity, the satellite is stationary during ground observation. Therefore, the geostationary satellite can provide fixed-point multi-time observation, and the time resolution can be in the minute and hour level, so that the geostationary satellite is suitable for detecting atmospheric pollution change. At present, the more used atmospheric geostationary satellite is a sunflower 8 satellite emitted by a weather hall in japan in 2014, and an advanced sunflower imager (AHI) mounted on the atmospheric geostationary satellite has 16 channels and can capture visible light and infrared images of a asia-pacific region. The japan weather hall currently offers 2016 later atmospheric products, including every ten minutes of secondary products and every hour of tertiary products. China's high-resolution fourth satellite is also a static satellite, but no atmospheric inversion product is provided at present, and the atmospheric product is expected to be released in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for deploying, controlling and networking atmospheric environment ground monitoring sites based on satellite remote sensing, aiming at overcoming the technical defects in the prior art, and solving the technical problem that the conventional method in the prior art is low in efficiency.
The invention also aims to solve the technical problem that the effective utilization rate of monitoring data is low due to the current uniform net distribution method.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for arranging, controlling and networking atmospheric environment ground monitoring sites based on satellite remote sensing comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a polar orbit satellite capable of carrying out regular daily observation on atmospheric conditions and a stationary satellite capable of detecting changes of atmospheric pollution in days;
2) downloading historical satellite atmospheric products, and preprocessing satellite data to obtain a mean value database representing the degree of atmospheric pollution and a variance database representing the change frequency of the atmospheric pollution;
3) based on a threshold value method and a region growing method image segmentation technology, respectively judging a high-pollution region and a high-frequency pollution change region by utilizing a mean value database and a variance database;
4) and 3) bringing the geographical distribution of the high-pollution area and the high-frequency change pollution area obtained by the judgment of the step 3) into the atmospheric environment ground monitoring station deployment and control networking.
Preferably, the polar orbit satellite in the step 1) comprises a Terra satellite, an Aqua satellite or a high-grade five satellite; the geostationary satellite in the step 1) comprises a sunflower No. 8 satellite or a high-resolution No. four satellite.
Preferably, the pretreatment in step 2) comprises: calculating the pollution degree of the monitored area and calculating the pollution change frequency of the monitored area.
Preferably, the monthly, seasonal and annual averages of the pollution concentration are taken into account when calculating the pollution level in the monitoring area.
Preferably, the variance of the contamination concentration is taken into account when calculating the contamination change frequency of the monitored area
Preferably, the threshold method in step 3) includes: determining the number of the classifications, then determining the upper and lower limits of each classification, and further determining the threshold value Tm-1(ii) a Obtaining a classification result according to the following formula (1);
in the formula (1), G (i, j) represents an output imageThe classification result of the ith row and the j column; f (i, j) represents the mean or variance of the ith row and j column in the input image; m represents the number of classified categories; t ism-1Representing a threshold value, and a critical value for each category; m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
Preferably, the threshold method is replaced by a region growing method.
Preferably, the region growing method includes:
a) sequentially scanning the image, finding the 1 st pixel which is not yet attributed, and setting the pixel as f (x0, y 0);
b) taking (x0, y0) as the center, consider the 8 neighborhood pixels f (x, y) of (x0, y0), if (x, y) satisfies the growth criterion (| f (x0, y0) -f (x, y) | ≦ Δ T), merge (x, y) with (x0, y0) (in the same region), while pushing (x, y) into the stack;
c) taking a pixel from the stack and returning it as (x0, y0) to step b);
d) when the stack is empty, returning to the step a);
e) and repeating the steps a) to d) until each point in the image has attribution, and finishing the growth.
Preferably, step 4) further comprises: and for the high-pollution area and the high-frequency change pollution area, the layout sites are reduced, and for the light-pollution area and the constant-concentration pollution area, the layout sites are reduced.
The invention discloses an atmospheric environment ground monitoring station deployment and control networking method based on satellite remote sensing, which comprises the following steps of firstly, considering large-range continuous historical satellite image information in the ground monitoring deployment and control networking; secondly, performing time-space information mining on multi-source, multi-time and multi-scale satellite image data to acquire pollution information such as pollution geographic distribution, pollution evolution trend, pollution change frequency and the like of a long-time sequence; secondly, judging a high-pollution area and a pollution high-frequency change area based on the pollution information of the historical satellite image; and finally, dividing the encryption area and the sparse area based on the judged pollution classification area, further arranging and controlling the networking, and establishing a reasonable, low-consumption and effective ground pollution monitoring network. The ground monitoring site distribution and control networking scheme provided by the invention is more reasonable, obtains the ground monitoring information with the maximum data utilization rate by the minimum consumption of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and has a good application prospect in the field of environmental ground monitoring.
The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
(1) the atmospheric pollution information of the monitoring area is considered in the atmospheric environment ground monitoring station distribution and control networking.
(2) By utilizing the satellite remote sensing atmospheric product, historical atmospheric pollution information of a long-time sequence in the whole monitoring area can be obtained.
(3) The concentration and the variance are used for representing the pollution degree and the pollution change frequency of the monitoring area, and the method is easy to realize.
(4) By utilizing mature image segmentation technology, the method is easy to realize and has better effect
(4) The invention guides the distribution and control networking of the ground monitoring station by the atmospheric remote sensing data, and can realize reasonable and effective ground atmospheric environment monitoring by minimum consumption and maximum data utilization rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Well-known structures or functions may not be described in detail in the following embodiments in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the details. Approximating language, as used herein in the following examples, may be applied to identify quantitative representations that could permissibly vary in number without resulting in a change in the basic function. Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used in the following examples have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
The polar orbit satellite and the geostationary satellite can respectively observe a monitored area in multiple time and multiple scales and provide a multi-source, multiple time and multiple scales historical satellite atmosphere product; based on the abundant atmospheric products, the geographical distribution difference and the pollution change frequency of the pollution degree of the monitoring area are calculated to judge a high-pollution area and a high-pollution change area of the monitoring area, set a distribution control encryption area and a sparse area, and finally establish a reasonable, low-consumption and effective atmospheric environment ground pollution monitoring network.
In order to achieve the above object, the method for deploying, controlling and networking atmospheric environment ground monitoring sites based on satellite remote sensing provided in this embodiment includes:
step 1, because different satellites acquire different earth information, polar orbit satellites capable of regularly observing atmospheric conditions day by day and stationary satellites capable of detecting atmospheric pollution change in days are selected for the purpose of acquiring the geographical distribution of the pollution conditions in the monitored area. Polar orbit satellites recommend Terra and Aqua satellites with rich historical data in the United states, and the high-score five satellites in China can be taken into consideration in future network deployment. The geostationary satellite recommends the use of the japanese sunflower satellite No. 8, which can also be taken into account in the future if the high-score four releases atmospheric products.
And 2, downloading historical satellite atmosphere products, and preprocessing satellite data. And when the pollution degree of the monitoring area is calculated, the monthly mean, the seasonal mean and the annual mean of the pollution concentration are considered. The variance of the contamination concentration is taken into account when calculating the contamination change frequency of the monitored area. Thus, a mean value database representing the degree of atmospheric pollution and a variance database representing the frequency of changes in atmospheric pollution are obtained.
And 3, respectively judging a high-pollution area and a high-frequency pollution change area by utilizing a mean value database and a variance database based on image segmentation technologies such as a threshold value method, a region growing method and the like. The thresholding method is one of the most common parallel region techniques, which is the most applied class in image segmentation. The thresholding method is actually the following transformation of the input image F to the output image G:
wherein,
g (i, j) represents the classification result of the ith row and j column in the output image;
f (i, j) represents the mean or variance of the ith row and j column in the input image;
t denotes a threshold value.
The key to the thresholding method is to determine a threshold value that, if determined to be appropriate, will accurately segment the image. After the threshold is determined, the threshold is compared with the gray values of the pixel points one by one, and the segmentation result is directly given to the image area. The threshold may be increased according to the number of classes that need to be classified. The threshold segmentation has the advantages of simple calculation, higher operation efficiency and high speed.
If the threshold value cannot obtain a good classification result, a region growing method is considered. The basic idea of region growing is to group pixels with similar properties together to form a region. Specifically, a seed pixel is found for each region to be segmented as a starting point for growth, and then pixels (determined according to a certain predetermined growth or similarity criterion) with the same or similar properties as the seed pixels in the neighborhood around the seed pixels are merged into the region where the seed pixels are located. The above process continues with these new pixels as new seed pixels until no more pixels that satisfy the condition can be included. Region growing requires selecting a set of seed pixels that correctly represent the desired region, determining similarity criteria during growth, and making conditions or criteria that stop growth. The similarity criterion may be a characteristic of gray scale, color, texture, gradient, etc. The key practical problems of the region growing method are seed selection and determination of similar region judgment criteria. The selection of seeds can be manually selected, such as taking points capable of representing different pollution levels as seeds; the decision criteria of the gray scale map are generally expressed by the gray scale difference value being less than a certain threshold, and different decision criteria may result in different segmentation results. The advantage of region growing method is that the basic idea is relatively simple, usually the connected region with the same characteristics can be divided out, and the boundary information and the dividing result can be provided well. The best performance can be achieved when no a priori knowledge is available. The disadvantage is that it often causes over-segmentation, i.e. the image is segmented into too many regions, and the space and time overhead is large. Post-processing may be performed when over-segmentation occurs, merging similarly adjacent regions. The region growing algorithm is generally implemented in three steps:
(1) determining a growing seed point;
(2) defining a growth criterion;
(3) growth stop conditions were determined.
According to the method, on one hand, the attention of a monitoring department to a severely polluted area is considered for judging the atmospheric pollution condition of the monitoring area, the classification of the overall pollution degree is considered, and the monthly mean, the seasonal mean and the annual mean can be subjected to concentration classification respectively to obtain the seasonal characteristics of the monitoring area. On the other hand, geographical difference of pollution change frequency of the monitoring area is considered, and the pollution source can be further known by encryption monitoring of the high-frequency change area.
And 4, bringing the geographical distribution of the high-pollution area and the high-frequency change pollution area obtained by the judgment of the step 3 into the atmospheric environment ground monitoring station deployment and control networking. And the stations are appropriately arranged in an encrypted manner in the high-pollution area and the high-frequency-change pollution area, and the stations are appropriately arranged in a reduced manner in the light-pollution area and the constant-concentration pollution area.
Example 2
The following describes the present invention in further detail with reference to fig. 1.
The invention firstly defines that the polar orbit satellite and the geostationary satellite are adopted to carry out multisource, multi-time and multi-scale same-place observation on the monitored area, and ensures that the atmospheric information reflecting the daily average concentration and the daily concentration change of the monitored area can be obtained. The data with the quality controlled at 2-3 level is adopted for the satellite atmospheric product, so that the reliability of the data is ensured; meanwhile, dark pixel method products concentrated on vegetation coverage with high coverage and dark blue algorithm products concentrated on urban high-brightness ground surfaces are adopted, and the geographic coverage of data is guaranteed.
And secondly, calculating a monthly mean value, a seasonal mean value and an annual mean value of the atmospheric pollution concentration based on the acquired historical atmospheric satellite data. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,
n represents the number of polar satellite observations within a time frame;
xiindicating the pollution concentration value obtained by the ith polar orbit satellite observation within the time range;
means monthly, seasonal or yearly means for pollution concentration.
When the pollution change frequency of the monitoring area is calculated, the variance of the pollution concentration is considered, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,
σ2is the variance of the concentration of the contaminant over time;
n represents the number of times of geostationary satellite observations within the time frame;
yirepresenting the pollution concentration value obtained by the ith geostationary satellite observation within the time range;
μ represents the average value of the contamination concentration in the time range, and is calculated by the same equation (4).
Thus, a mean value database representing the degree of atmospheric pollution and a variance database representing the frequency of changes in atmospheric pollution are obtained.
Then, based on image segmentation techniques such as a threshold method and a region growing method, a high-pollution region and a high-frequency pollution change region are respectively determined by using a mean value database and a variance database. For the threshold method, the number of the classifications is determined, then the upper and lower limits of each classification are determined, and then the threshold T is determinedm-1. The classification result is obtained according to formula (1).
Wherein,
g (i, j) represents the classification result of the ith row and j column in the output image;
f (i, j) represents the mean or variance of the ith row and j column in the input image;
m represents the number of classified categories, and can be defined by self according to needs;
Tm-1representing the threshold value, and the critical value for each category, m 2,3, ….
If the threshold method classification results are poor, a region growing method can be adopted. Histogram statistics can be carried out on the pollution concentrations of all historical images, and seed points are selected by considering concentration grading intervals and concentration frequency; the similarity criterion is set to a density change threshold (Δ T) below which the area is scored.
The method comprises the following concrete steps:
(1) sequentially scanning the image, finding the 1 st pixel which is not yet attributed, and setting the pixel as f (x0, y 0);
(2) taking (x0, y0) as the center, consider the 8 neighborhood pixels f (x, y) of (x0, y0), if (x, y) satisfies the growth criterion (| f (x0, y0) -f (x, y) | ≦ Δ T), merge (x, y) with (x0, y0) (in the same region), while pushing (x, y) into the stack;
(3) taking a pixel from the stack and returning it as (x0, y0) to step (2);
(4) when the stack is empty, returning to the step (1);
(5) and (5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) until each point in the image has attribution, and ending the growth.
Therefore, the pollution concentration and the pollution change frequency can be divided into several categories, the pollution level is determined according to experience, and a high-pollution area and a high-frequency pollution change area are obtained through judgment.
And finally, defining an encryption area and a sparse area according to the judged pollution level geographical distribution map, wherein the ground actual measurement stations are required to be arranged in the general high-pollution area and the pollution high-frequency change area in an encryption manner, and a small number of stations are required to be arranged in the low-pollution area and the pollution low-frequency change area, so that a reasonable and effective atmospheric environment ground monitoring station arrangement and control networking scheme with minimum consumption and maximum data utilization rate is formed.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the scope of the application of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for arranging, controlling and networking atmospheric environment ground monitoring sites based on satellite remote sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a polar orbit satellite capable of carrying out regular daily observation on atmospheric conditions and a stationary satellite capable of detecting changes of atmospheric pollution in days;
2) downloading historical satellite atmospheric products, and preprocessing satellite data to obtain a mean value database representing the degree of atmospheric pollution and a variance database representing the change frequency of the atmospheric pollution;
3) based on a threshold value method and a region growing method image segmentation technology, respectively judging a high-pollution region and a high-frequency pollution change region by utilizing a mean value database and a variance database;
4) and 3) bringing the geographical distribution of the high-pollution area and the high-frequency change pollution area obtained by the judgment of the step 3) into the atmospheric environment ground monitoring station deployment and control networking.
2. The atmospheric environment ground monitoring station deployment and control networking method based on satellite remote sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1), the polar orbit satellite comprises a Terra satellite, an Aqua satellite or a high-resolution five-number satellite; the geostationary satellite in the step 1) comprises a sunflower No. 8 satellite or a high-resolution No. four satellite.
3. The method for deploying, controlling and networking the ground monitoring stations in the atmospheric environment based on satellite remote sensing according to claim 1, wherein the preprocessing in the step 2) comprises: calculating the pollution degree of the monitored area and calculating the pollution change frequency of the monitored area.
4. The atmospheric environment ground monitoring station deployment, control and networking method based on satellite remote sensing of claim 3, wherein the monthly mean, seasonal mean and annual mean of pollution concentration are taken into account when calculating the pollution degree of the monitoring area.
5. The method for deploying, controlling and networking the ground monitoring stations in the atmospheric environment based on the satellite remote sensing as claimed in claim 3, wherein the variance of the pollution concentration is taken into account when calculating the pollution change frequency of the monitoring area.
6. The method for deploying, controlling and networking the ground monitoring sites of the atmospheric environment based on satellite remote sensing according to claim 1, wherein the threshold method in the step 3) comprises: determining the number of the classifications, then determining the upper and lower limits of each classification, and further determining the threshold value Tm-1(ii) a Obtaining a classification result according to the following formula (1);
in the formula (1), G (i, j) represents the classification result of the ith row and j column in the output image; f (i, j) represents the mean or variance of the ith row and j column in the input image; m represents the number of classified categories; t ism-1Representing a threshold value, and a critical value for each category; m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
7. The atmospheric environment ground monitoring site deployment and control networking method based on satellite remote sensing of claim 1, wherein the threshold method is replaced by a region growing method.
8. The atmospheric environment ground monitoring site deployment, control and networking method based on satellite remote sensing according to claim 7, characterized in that the region growing method comprises:
a) sequentially scanning the image, finding the 1 st pixel which is not yet attributed, and setting the pixel as f (x0, y 0);
b) taking (x0, y0) as the center, consider the 8 neighborhood pixels f (x, y) of (x0, y0), if (x, y) satisfies the growth criterion (| f (x0, y0) -f (x, y) | ≦ Δ T), merge (x, y) with (x0, y0) (in the same region), while pushing (x, y) into the stack;
c) taking a pixel from the stack and returning it as (x0, y0) to step b);
d) when the stack is empty, returning to the step a);
e) and repeating the steps a) to d) until each point in the image has attribution, and finishing the growth.
9. The atmospheric environment ground monitoring station deployment and control networking method based on satellite remote sensing according to claim 1, wherein the step 4) further comprises: and for the high-pollution area and the high-frequency change pollution area, the layout sites are reduced, and for the light-pollution area and the constant-concentration pollution area, the layout sites are reduced.
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| CN118691982A (en) * | 2024-08-28 | 2024-09-24 | 朔韦茨环境科技(江苏)有限公司 | Urban pipeline restoration monitoring method and system based on remote sensing |
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