CN109655446B - Triangular resonant cavity/integrating sphere combined enhancement cavity for improving gas Raman intensity - Google Patents
Triangular resonant cavity/integrating sphere combined enhancement cavity for improving gas Raman intensity Download PDFInfo
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- CN109655446B CN109655446B CN201910059829.1A CN201910059829A CN109655446B CN 109655446 B CN109655446 B CN 109655446B CN 201910059829 A CN201910059829 A CN 201910059829A CN 109655446 B CN109655446 B CN 109655446B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
- G01N21/658—Raman scattering enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons
Abstract
The invention relates to a triangular resonant cavity/integrating sphere combined enhancement cavity for improving gas Raman intensity, which comprises three cavity mirrors (M) with high reflectivity1、M2、M3) Gold-plated integrating sphere, retroreflective mirror (M) having high reflectivity4) And a sealed chamber, three cavity mirrors (M) with high reflectivity1、M2、M3) A retroreflector (M) embedded in the gold-plated integrating sphere and having high reflectivity at three corresponding holes4) Is arranged outside the gold-plated integrating sphere and is arranged outside the cavity mirror (M)3) Rear position, and a retroreflective mirror (M)4) Is installed in the sealed chamber. The invention solves the problems that the current converter state characteristic gas detection device has low detection accuracy and can not simultaneously measure and distinguish various characteristic gases, breaks through the technical bottleneck that the minimum detection concentration of Raman spectrum gas can not meet the requirement, and greatly improves the accuracy and the sensitivity of current converter state characteristic gas detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection devices for state characteristic gases of power equipment, and particularly relates to a triangular resonant cavity/integrating sphere combined enhancement cavity for improving Raman intensity of gases.
Background
When the converter transformer is used as a junction device in a direct current transmission system, once a fault occurs, not only can expensive electrical equipment be damaged, but also the power grid can be paralyzed, and the loss which is difficult to estimate is caused to the daily life of people and the national economy. The operation of the converter transformer oilpaper insulation system can be decomposed under the action of various factors such as electricity, heat and the like to generate various gases (H) reflecting fault properties and insulation performance2、CH4、C2H2、C2H4、C2H6、CO、CO2、O2Etc.) and dissolved in the insulating oil. The accurate detection of 8 kinds of trace fault characteristic gas in oil has very important significance for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the large-scale converter transformer.
The existing fault characteristic gas online monitoring device mainly comprises an oil-gas separator and a fault characteristic gas sensing detector separated from oil. Analysis shows that: the problems of gas cross interference, easy aging, poor stability and the like of the internal sensing detector are main reasons of large analysis error, more misjudgment and missed judgment of the existing fault characteristic gas online monitoring device. The existing fault characteristic gas sensing analysis method mainly comprises the following steps: qi (Qi)Phase chromatography, mass spectrometry, semiconductor (carbon nanotube) gas sensor, solid state microbridge detector, infrared absorption spectrum and photoacoustic spectrometry. The gas chromatography is the most common detection method for trace fault characteristic gas analysis, and can realize accurate measurement. However, the chromatographic column is easy to age and is not favorable for long-term detection. The mass spectrometry has the characteristics of high efficiency and accurate detection, but the effective detection of the mixed gas can be realized only by combining a chromatographic column; the sensitivity of a semiconductor (carbon nano tube) gas sensor and a solid-state microbridge detector is high, but the problem of mixed gas cross sensitivity exists, the mixed gas is easy to age, the stability is low, and the detection accuracy is to be improved; the infrared absorption spectrum and the photoacoustic spectrum analysis method have the characteristics of no damage and no consumption of sample gas, have high detection sensitivity, are gas optical detection methods rapidly developed in recent years, but each gas to be detected needs a laser with a specific wavelength to excite the absorption effect of the gas, and the method is difficult to detect the low-concentration H2And O2Equivalent nuclear diatomic gases.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of gas cross interference, easy aging, poor stability and the like of the current converter transformer state characteristic gas detection device, the invention provides a light feedback frequency locking triangular resonant cavity/gold-plated integrating sphere combined enhanced Raman spectrum detection method, designs a trace gas light feedback frequency locking triangular resonant cavity/integrating cavity combined enhanced Raman spectrum detection device, and realizes trace detection of the converter transformer state characteristic gas Raman spectrum.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the triangular resonant cavity/gold-plated integrating sphere combined cavity comprises three cavity mirrors M with high reflectivity1、M2、M3Gold-plated integrating sphere, retroreflective mirror M having high reflectivity4And a sealed chamber. Three cavity mirrors M with high reflectivity1、M2、M3A retroreflector M embedded in three corresponding holes on the gold-plated integrating sphere and having high reflectivity4Mounted outside the gold-plated integrating sphere at M3Position of the rear part, and M4Is arranged in a sealed chamberAnd (4) the following steps. Three cavity mirrors M1、M2、M3The laser beams are arranged in a regular triangle from the space, and the laser beams incident to the triangular resonant cavity/the gold-plated integrating sphere combined cavity are arranged according to M1→M2→M3→ M1Multiple reflections are performed. Three cavity mirrors M1、M2、M3The geometric centers of the two adjacent cavity mirrors are positioned on the same plane, and the included angle formed by the connecting line between the geometric centers of the two adjacent cavity mirrors and the tangent line at the geometric center of the cavity mirror is 60 degrees. Incident laser line and cavity mirror M1The included angle between the normal lines at the geometric center of the cavity mirror M is 30 degrees, and the straight line where the incident laser is positioned and the cavity mirror M2Is also 30 deg. between normals at the geometric centre. Such a triangular resonator may ensure by geometry that reflections of the incident laser beam directly from the cavity input mirror do not return to the laser.
The invention is at chamber mirror M3A retro-reflector M is arranged at the rear part4Will be composed of a cavity mirror M3And the laser escaping from the triangular resonant cavity/gold-plated integrating sphere combined cavity is reflected back to the triangular resonant cavity/gold-plated integrating sphere combined cavity according to the original optical path. By a retro-reflector M4The part of the reflected laser light reflected back to the triangular resonant cavity/gold-plated integrating sphere combined cavity is according to M3→ M2→M1→M3The light path of the laser is reflected for multiple times, and two laser beams are totally arranged in the triangular resonant cavity/the gold-plated integrating sphere combined cavity, wherein the original incident laser beam and the reflected laser beam are reflected by a reverse reflector M4The reflected laser light reflected back into the joint cavity is enhanced separately.
To prevent the incident laser beam from being reflected by the retroreflector M4The reflected laser reflected back to the combined cavity generates destructive interference in the triangular resonant cavity/gold-plated integrating sphere combined cavity to reduce the laser intensity in the combined cavity, and the PZT piezoelectric sensor is arranged on the reverse reflector M4At the base, the retroreflector M is adjusted by adjusting the position of the PZT piezoelectric sensor4Thereby controlling the position of the retroreflector M4The phase of the reflected laser light reflected back into the combined cavity is adjusted so that the incident laser light and the reflected laser light are reflected by the retroreflector M4ReflectionThe reflected laser returning to the combined cavity always generates constructive interference in the triangular resonant cavity/gold-plated integrating sphere combined cavity, so that the laser intensity in the combined cavity is increased.
Once light that meets the resonance conditions of the triangular resonator enters the cavity, it propagates as a traveling wave around the cavity. Resonant frequency (omega) of triangular resonant cavityn) Corresponding to the length LR2 pi phase change after a single round trip. The angular frequency of resonance in the cavity (ω ═ 2 π c/λ for wavelength λ) is given by the following equation
Where n is any integer and c is the speed of light in the intracavity medium.
In order to prevent the influence of dust in the external environment, the retroreflector M4And the sealing chamber is positioned in the sealing chamber, the sealing chamber is filled with nitrogen, the pressure in the sealing chamber is one atmospheric pressure, and one side surface of the sealing chamber is provided with a wedge-shaped fused quartz window.
The three cavity mirrors are plano-concave lenses, the reflectivity is greater than 0.9999, and the curvature radius is 100 cm. The length of a straight line L between the geometric centers of two adjacent cavity mirrors is 18.3 cm. Retro-reflector M4Is placed in the cavity mirror M3At a distance of 3 cm.
In the invention, the top of the gold-plated integrating sphere is also provided with a circular hole with the radius of 0.6cm as a gas inlet and outlet for detection.
Drawings
The technical scheme is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a triangular resonant cavity/integrating sphere combined enhanced cavity for gas detection in converter flow.
Fig. 2 is an external view and a cross-sectional view of a gold-plated integrating sphere.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, a triangular cavity/gold-plated integrating sphere combination in this embodimentThe cavity comprises three cavity mirrors M1, M2 and M3 with high reflectivity, a gold-plated integrating sphere, a retroreflector M4 with high reflectivity and a sealed chamber. Three round holes with the radius of 3.5cm are formed in the gold-plated integrating sphere, and a round hole with the radius of 0.6cm is formed in the top end of the gold-plated integrating sphere. Three cavity mirrors M with high reflectivity1、M2、M3A retroreflector M embedded in three corresponding holes on the gold-plated integrating sphere and having high reflectivity4Mounted outside the gold-plated integrating sphere at M3Position of the rear part, and M4Is installed in the sealed chamber. Three cavity mirrors M1、M2、M3The laser beams are arranged in a regular triangle from the space, and the laser beams incident to the triangular resonant cavity/the gold-plated integrating sphere combined cavity are arranged according to M1→M2→M3→M1Multiple reflections are performed. Three cavity mirrors M1、M2、M3The geometric centers of the two adjacent cavity mirrors are positioned on the same plane, and the included angle formed by the connecting line between the geometric centers of the two adjacent cavity mirrors and the tangent line at the geometric center of the cavity mirror is 60 degrees. Incident laser line and cavity mirror M1The included angle between the normal lines at the geometric center of the cavity mirror M is 30 degrees, and the straight line where the incident laser is positioned and the cavity mirror M2Is also 30 deg. between normals at the geometric centre.
In the embodiment, the three cavity mirrors are all plano-concave lenses, the reflectivity is greater than 0.9999, and the curvature radius is 100 cm. The length of a straight line L between the geometric centers of two adjacent cavity mirrors is 18.3 cm. The coating material on the inner wall of the gold-plated integrating sphere is gold, and the radius of the integrating sphere is 10.5 cm. The reverse reflector M4And the endoscope M3The emergent laser is vertical and is arranged in a distance cavity mirror M33cm position. The sealing chamber is filled with nitrogen, the pressure in the sealing chamber is one atmospheric pressure, and one side surface of the sealing chamber is provided with a wedge-shaped fused quartz window.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, a circular hole with a radius of 3.5cm is formed in each of the three cavity mirrors, and a circular hole with a radius of 0.6cm is formed at the top of the gold-plated integrating sphere for gas to enter and exit.
In order to measure the enhancement effect of the combined enhancement cavity on laser, a power sampling plate and a laser power meter are arranged in front of the combined enhancement cavity, and a laser power meter is arranged behind the combined enhancement cavity. When laser is emitted into the combined enhanced cavity by a laser, the laser power measured by a laser power meter in front of the cavity is 2.45mW, and the reflectivity of the power sampling plate is 10 percent, so that the laser power emitted into the combined enhanced cavity is 22.05 mW. When the laser power measured after the cavity was 63 μ W, the laser power in the cavity was enhanced by 1890mW, and the enhancement factor of the laser power was calculated to be about 85.7 times.
While the best mode for carrying out the invention has been described in detail and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and any changes or modifications which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention should be construed as broadly described herein.
Claims (9)
1. A triangular resonant cavity/integrating sphere combined enhancement cavity for detecting converter transformer gas is characterized in that: comprises three cavity mirrors M with high reflectivity1、M2、M3Gold-plated integrating sphere, retroreflective mirror M having high reflectivity4And a sealed chamber, three cavity mirrors M with high reflectivity1、M2、M3A retroreflector M embedded in three corresponding holes on the gold-plated integrating sphere and having high reflectivity4Is arranged outside the gold-plated integrating sphere and is arranged outside the cavity mirror M3Rear position, and a retroreflective mirror M4Is arranged in the sealed chamber;
the three cavity mirrors M1、M2、M3The lasers which are arranged in a regular triangle from the space view are incident to the triangular resonant cavity/integrating sphere combined enhanced cavity according to M1→M2→M3→M1The light path of the light source is reflected for multiple times;
retro-reflector M4Will be composed of cavity mirror M3Escape triangleLaser of combined enhanced cavity of resonant cavity/integrating sphere according to M3→M2→M1→M3The light path of the light source is reflected for multiple times and then reflected back to the triangular resonant cavity/integrating sphere combined enhanced cavity, and the original incident laser light is reflected by a reverse reflector M4The reflected laser reflected back to the combined enhancement cavity always generates constructive interference in the triangular resonant cavity/integrating sphere combined enhancement cavity, and the constructive interference is respectively enhanced.
2. The triangular resonator/integrating sphere joint enhancement cavity of claim 1, wherein: three cavity mirrors M1、M2、M3The geometric centers of the two adjacent cavity mirrors are all positioned on the same plane, the included angle formed by the connecting line between the geometric centers of the two adjacent cavity mirrors and the tangent line at the geometric center of the cavity mirror is 60 degrees, and the straight line of the incident laser and the cavity mirror M are positioned1The included angle between the normal lines at the geometric center of the cavity mirror M is 30 degrees, and the straight line where the incident laser is positioned and the cavity mirror M2Is also 30 deg. between normals at the geometric centre.
3. The triangular resonator/integrating sphere joint enhancement cavity of claim 1, wherein: the three cavity mirrors are plano-concave lenses, the reflectivity is greater than 0.9999, and the curvature radius is 100 cm.
4. The triangular resonator/integrating sphere joint enhancement cavity of claim 1, wherein: the length of a straight line L between the geometric centers of two adjacent cavity mirrors is 18.3 cm.
5. The triangular resonator/integrating sphere joint enhancement cavity of claim 1, wherein: the coating material on the inner wall of the gold-plated integrating sphere is gold, and the radius of the integrating sphere is 10.5 cm.
6. The triangular resonator/integrating sphere joint enhancement cavity of claim 1, wherein: three cavity mirrors M with high reflectivity are arranged on the gold-plated integrating sphere1、M2、M3The three cavity mirrors are respectively provided with a round hole with the radius of 3.5cm and three cavity mirrors M in corresponding positions1、M2、M3Are respectively arranged on the three round holes, and the top of the gold-plated integrating sphere is also provided with a round hole with the radius of 0.6 cm.
7. The triangular resonator/integrating sphere joint enhancement cavity of claim 1, wherein: the reverse reflector M4And the endoscope M3The emergent laser is vertical and is arranged in a distance cavity mirror M33cm position.
8. The triangular cavity resonator/integrating sphere combined enhancement cavity of claim 1, wherein: the reverse reflector M4And a PZT piezoelectric sensor is arranged at the base.
9. The triangular resonator/integrating sphere joint enhancement cavity of claim 1, wherein: the sealing chamber is filled with nitrogen, the pressure in the sealing chamber is one atmospheric pressure, and one side surface of the sealing chamber is provided with a wedge-shaped fused quartz window.
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| CN110596005A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-20 | 安徽理工大学 | Novel annular flat concave mirror optical multi-pass absorption pool |
| CN113161862B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-10-04 | 浙江法拉第激光科技有限公司 | Optical resonant cavity based on integrating sphere and implementation method thereof |
| CN113295669B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2023-10-24 | 重庆大学 | Folding type multi-reflecting cavity for enhancing gas Raman signal |
| US20230389777A1 (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-12-07 | Karl Storz Imaging, Inc. | Sterile Calibrating Cap and Methods for Using the Same on an Endoscope |
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