CN109655161B - Target infrared integral radiation intensity testing method and device based on thermal infrared imager - Google Patents
Target infrared integral radiation intensity testing method and device based on thermal infrared imager Download PDFInfo
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a target infrared integral radiation intensity testing method and device based on a thermal infrared imager, wherein the device comprises the thermal infrared imager, an infrared filter, a laser range finder and a data acquisition computer; selecting an infrared filter and installing the infrared filter on a thermal infrared imager according to the requirement of a test waveband of target integral radiation intensity; adjusting the distance between the thermal infrared imager and the measured target; adjusting the focal length of a lens of the thermal infrared imager, setting target emissivity parameters, selecting a target area in a thermal infrared imager observation window, determining a pixel range occupied by a target, and collecting apparent temperature distribution of the measured target through a computer; measuring the distance between the target and the thermal infrared imager; calculating the atmospheric transmittance at the measuring distance; and calculating the infrared integral radiation intensity of the measured target. The invention ensures that the measurement of the infrared integral radiation intensity is not limited by integral radiation measuring instruments such as an infrared radiometer and the like, and has the characteristics of low measurement cost, high test precision, wide application prospect and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared radiation testing, in particular to a target infrared integral radiation intensity testing method and device based on a thermal infrared imager.
Background
With the continuous progress of scientific technology, infrared testing technology is being widely applied to the fields of military technology, national production and the like. In the military aspect, the infrared detection and guidance weapon detects, tracks and identifies various military targets according to the received infrared radiation characteristics; in the civil field, infrared temperature measurement is widely applied to industrial production and daily life as a non-contact temperature measurement method. There are many physical quantities that characterize the infrared radiation of the target, such as spectral radiance, integrated radiant intensity, irradiance, and the like. Among these physical quantities, the integrated radiation intensity is an important radiation characteristic physical quantity, and its physical meaning is the energy of the target radiated into a unit solid angle of space in unit time, and the unit is W/sr. The infrared integral radiation intensity of the target is often used as an index of infrared stealth performance of various weaponry and is also an input parameter for various infrared seeker designs. Therefore, it is important to obtain the infrared integrated radiation intensity of the target.
The study of the characteristics of the target infrared radiation has been the subject of research attention by researchers. At present, the approaches for obtaining the infrared integrated radiation intensity of the target mainly include two approaches, namely numerical simulation and experimental measurement. In view of cost saving, the approach of obtaining the target infrared integral radiation intensity is mainly numerical simulation means. In recent years, researchers have developed a series of numerical methods for calculating the integrated infrared radiation intensity of a target, such as discrete transfer, inverse monte carlo ray tracing, thermal flow, and the like. The literature ' talk about peace, summer new forest, Li Lin, Bao also makes, and others ' is used for solving unsteady composite heat exchange of radiation and heat conduction in a three-dimensional cylinder semitransparent medium by using a DT method, and computing physics, 1995,12(2):241-247 ' expresses a computing idea of computing target radiation characteristics by using a discrete transfer method, namely n rays are emitted to a hemispherical space from each boundary grid node of a target, the whole hemispherical space is divided into n solid angles, each ray passes through the semitransparent medium from an extraction point to reach another boundary, a radiation transmission equation is solved along each ray, the radiation intensity is integrated in the n solid angles, and then the infrared integral radiation intensity of the target is computed. Document "zhufuxiu. radiation and heat conduction composite calculation of three-dimensional cylindrical translucent medium, harbin: the energy science and engineering college of Harbin university of industry, 1993, introduces the idea of calculating the infrared radiation characteristics of a target by the Monte Carlo method, i.e. decomposing the radiation transmission process of the target into a series of independent sub-processes of emission, transmission, reflection, absorption and scattering, etc., and treating the sub-processes as random problems to establish a probability model of each sub-process; and enabling each control body to emit a certain amount of rays, tracking and counting the homing of each ray to obtain a statistical result of the radiation energy distribution of the control body, and further calculating to obtain the infrared integral radiation intensity of the target. Due to the complexity of the targeted radiation delivery, these numerical methods inevitably introduce some simplifying models and assumptions. The result obtained by adopting the methods can reflect the general infrared radiation characteristics of the target, but needs to be used as the index of the infrared stealth performance of the weapon equipment or the design input of an infrared seeker, and needs to be further verified by experiments.
The instrument that measures the infrared integrated radiation intensity of the target is typically an infrared radiometer. The document "the method for measuring the infrared spectrum radiation intensity in an exhaust system by using an FTIR spectrometer, the aeronautical dynamics report, 2007,22(9): 1423-. However, at present, no company for designing and producing infrared radiometers exists in China; in addition, only a few European and American companies such as FLIR, ABB, Telops and the like can design and produce the infrared radiometer abroad, and the infrared radiometer exported to China is limited to a certain extent. Therefore, the quantity of the infrared radiometers imported domestically is small, the working wave band range is narrow, and the unit price is very high. The lack of the target infrared integral radiation intensity measuring equipment and the measuring method greatly restricts the research of China in the field of target infrared radiation characteristics.
The thermal infrared imager is a non-contact temperature measuring device for obtaining target temperature distribution according to infrared energy radiated by a target, and is widely applied to industrial production and daily life. Research on thermal infrared imagers has focused mainly on temperature measurement techniques. For example, patent application CN103528694A relates to a method for measuring the temperature of a target object using a thermal infrared imager, which uses a standard black body to calibrate the thermal infrared imager, to obtain a temperature-gray scale curve, calculates the moving adjustment parameters of the infrared image by using the gray values of the images obtained at different shutter temperatures and black body temperatures of the thermal infrared imager, corrects the infrared image of the target object, and determines the temperature value of the target object according to the gray values of the pixels of the corrected infrared image and the temperature-gray scale curve. The patent application CN105628208A relates to a temperature measurement method based on an infrared imaging system, which utilizes a temperature calibration parameter and a method of dynamic interpolation according to focal plane temperature to make a thermal infrared imager adapt to the change of ambient temperature, thereby improving the adaptability of thermal infrared imager to temperature measurement. Patent application CN105466567A relates to a rocket engine infrared thermal imaging temperature measurement system and a method thereof, and through the improvement of eliminating the influence of environmental factors on the engine temperature and measuring the emissivity of the engine surface, the thermal infrared imager can accurately and rapidly measure the temperature distribution of the rocket engine. From published documents and patents, thermal infrared imagers are applied to non-contact temperature measurement, and no precedent is given for applying thermal infrared imagers to measuring the integrated infrared radiation intensity of a target.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a target infrared integral radiation intensity testing method and device based on a thermal infrared imager, which are suitable for solid and gas radiation and are used for measuring the target infrared integral radiation intensity by the thermal infrared imager.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a target infrared integral radiation intensity testing method based on a thermal infrared imager, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting the wave band lambda according to the test wave band requirement of the target integral radiation intensity1～λ2The infrared filter is arranged in the range and is arranged on the thermal infrared imager;
s2, adjusting the distance between the thermal infrared imager and the target to be measured, and imaging the target to be measured on an observation window of the thermal infrared imager;
s3, selecting a target area in an observation window of the thermal infrared imager, determining a pixel area occupied by the measured target, and collecting the apparent temperature distribution of the measured target in the pixel area through a data collection computer;
s4, measuring the distance between the measured target and the thermal infrared imager by using a laser range finder;
S5calculating the atmospheric pair lambda between the measured target and the thermal infrared imager1～λ2Transmittance of radiant energy within the band;
s6, calculating the integral radiation intensity of the measured object to obtain the lambda of the measured object1～λ2Integrated radiation intensity over a range of wavelengths.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes: the infrared filter is arranged on a lens of the thermal infrared imager; the working waveband of the thermal infrared imager covers the testing waveband lambda required by the target integral radiation intensity1～λ2A range of wavelengths.
Preferably, the step S2 further includes: and adjusting the focal length of a lens of the thermal infrared imager to enable the measured target to be clearly imaged in the center of an observation window of the thermal infrared imager.
Preferably, the step S3 further includes: the emissivity of a detected target is set to be epsilon in a thermal infrared imager setting panel, so that the detected target and a background are clearly distinguished; when a target area is selected in an observation window of the thermal infrared imager, determining that the range of a measured target in a field of view is the pixel area of the m-n th row and the x-y th row, and acquiring the apparent temperature distribution T of the measured target in the pixel area by a data acquisition computerij(m≤i≤n，x≤j≤y)。
Preferably, the step S6 further includes: by inquiring the parameters of the thermal infrared imager, the focal length f of the lens and the focal plane pixel pitch a of the detector are obtained, the integral radiation intensity of the detected target can be calculated according to the following formula, and the lambda of the detected target is obtained1～λ2Integrated radiation intensity I in the wavelength range, as follows:
in the formula, c1Is a first radiation constant; c. C2Is a second radiation constant; gamma is the infrared filter at lambda1～λ2Transmittance in the wavelength range; tau is measured target 1 and thermal infrared imagerBetween the atmosphere pair lambda1～λ2Transmittance of radiant energy within the band; epsilon is the emissivity of a measured target arranged in the thermal infrared imager setting panel; and L is the distance between the measured target and the thermal infrared imager.
Preferably, the laser range finder is installed at the entrance pupil of the lens of the thermal infrared imager and aligned with the target to be measured.
Preferably, the data acquisition computer is connected with the thermal infrared imager, is provided with thermal infrared imager data acquisition software, displays the temperature distribution of the measured target and acquires the apparent temperature value of the observation window.
The invention also discloses a testing device adopting the method for testing the target infrared integral radiation intensity based on the thermal infrared imager, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a thermal infrared imager, an infrared filter, a laser range finder and a data acquisition computer; the infrared filter is arranged on the thermal infrared imager; the laser range finder is arranged at the entrance pupil of a lens of the thermal infrared imager so as to be aligned to a target to be measured; and the data acquisition computer is connected with the thermal infrared imager, is provided with thermal infrared imager data acquisition software, displays the temperature distribution of the measured target and acquires the apparent temperature value of the observation window.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the method is used for measuring the infrared integral radiation intensity of the target, an infrared radiometer which is an expensive and rare measuring device is not needed, and only simple and common devices such as a thermal infrared imager, an optical filter, a laser range finder and the like are needed, so that the limitation of the testing device is greatly reduced, and the experiment cost is reduced. In addition, the method can be used for measuring the infrared integral radiation intensity of the solid target and the infrared integral radiation intensity of the gas or gas-solid mixed target, and has high measurement precision and wide application prospect.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of integrated infrared radiation intensity of a target using a thermal infrared imager according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a target infrared integral radiation intensity testing method and equipment based on a thermal infrared imager, and in order to make the invention more obvious and understandable, the invention is further explained by combining drawings and a specific embodiment mode.
The invention takes the example of measuring the infrared integral radiation intensity of an exhaust system of a turbofan engine by using an infrared thermal imager. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses an infrared integrated radiation intensity test apparatus, comprising: the system comprises a thermal infrared imager 4, an infrared filter 3, a laser range finder 2 and a data acquisition computer 5.
Wherein, the object 1 to be measured is set as a turbofan engine exhaust system, and the infrared integral radiation intensity of the exhaust system tail jet flow core area in the wavelength range of 3.7-4.95 μm needs to be measured.
The thermal infrared imager used for measurement in this embodiment is a TEL-1000-MW-MCT thermal imager of Telops, canada, and the thermal imager has a working band of 3 μm to 5 μm and a resolution of 640 × 512 pixels.
The method for measuring the infrared integral radiation intensity of the target by using the thermal infrared imager comprises the following steps:
s1, according to the test wave band requirement (lambda) of the target integrated radiation intensity1～λ2Wavelength range) of the wavelength band, selecting an infrared filter 3 in this band, the infrared filter being at λ1～λ2And the transmittance gamma in the wavelength range is obtained by installing the infrared filter on the lens of the thermal infrared imager 4.
Wherein the infrared filter is selected according to the test waveband requirement of the target integrated radiation intensity, namely the transmission wavelength range of the filter is equal to the test wavelength range (lambda) required by the target1～λ2A wavelength range). The infrared filter 3 is arranged on the lens of the thermal infrared imager 4 and can play a role in filtering. Obtaining the position of the infrared filter at lambda by inquiring the parameters of the filter1～λ2Transmittance γ in the wavelength range.
And S2, adjusting the distance between the thermal infrared imager and the target 1 to be detected, and adjusting the focal length of the lens of the thermal infrared imager so that the target can be clearly imaged in the center of an observation window of the thermal infrared imager.
S3, setting the emissivity of the detected target 1 as epsilon in the thermal infrared imager setting panel, so that the detected target 1 and the background have stronger contrast, and the target and the background can be clearly distinguished; selecting a target area in an observation window of the thermal imager, determining the range of the measured target 1 in a field of view as the pixel area of the m-n row and the x-y column, and acquiring the apparent temperature distribution T of the measured target 1 in the area by a data acquisition computer 5ij(m is not less than i and not more than n, x is not less than j and not more than y). Wherein, the data acquisition computer 5 is provided with thermal infrared imager data acquisition software, displays the temperature distribution of the measured object 1 after being connected with the thermal infrared imager 4, and acquires an apparent temperature value in a certain range of the observation window.
And S4, measuring the distance L between the measured object 1 and the thermal infrared imager by using the laser range finder 2. The laser range finder 2 is arranged at the lens entrance pupil of the thermal infrared imager 4 and is aligned to the measured target 1.
S5, calculating the atmospheric pair lambda between the measured object 1 and the thermal infrared imager according to the local atmospheric condition and the measured distance1～λ2A transmittance τ of radiant energy within the band.
S6, inquiring the parameters of the thermal infrared imager to obtain the focal length f of the lens and the focal plane pixel pitch a of the detector, and calculating the integral radiation intensity of the detected target 1 according to the following formula to further obtain the lambda of the detected target 11～λ2Integrated radiation intensity I in the wavelength range, as follows:
in the formula, c1Is a first radiation constant, e.g. c1＝3.7415×108W·μm4/m2；c2Is a second radiation constant, e.g. c2＝1.4388×104μm·K。
As an embodiment of the invention, the specific implementation process is as follows:
1. according to the test requirements, selecting an infrared filter which can transmit radiant energy in the wavelength range of 3.7-4.95 microns, wherein the radiant transmittance of the infrared filter in the wavelength range is 0.92, and mounting the infrared filter on a lens of a thermal infrared imager.
2. According to the testing requirements, arranging the relative positions of the thermal infrared imager and the turbofan engine exhaust system, placing the thermal infrared imager in the direction perpendicular to the jet flow, adjusting the distance between the thermal infrared imager and the turbofan engine exhaust system, and adjusting the focal length of a lens of the thermal infrared imager so that the target can be clearly imaged in the center of an observation window of the thermal infrared imager.
3. The emissivity of a tail jet flow core area is set to be 0.7 in a thermal infrared imager setting panel, so that a target and a background have stronger contrast, and tail jet flow can be clearly identified in an observation window; selecting a tail jet flow core area in a thermal imager observation window, and determining the area range occupied by the tail jet flow core area in a field of view as 185-341 th row and 29-492 th row pixel areas; and acquiring the apparent temperature distribution of the measured object in the region through a computer.
4. And measuring the distance between the exhaust system of the turbofan engine and the thermal infrared imager to be 0.76m by using a laser distance meter.
5. And calculating the transmittance of the atmosphere between the exhaust system of the turbofan engine and the thermal infrared imager to the radiation energy in the wave band of 3.7-4.95 microns to be 0.87 according to the local atmospheric condition and the measurement distance.
6. Inquiring parameters of a thermal infrared imager, wherein the focal length of a lens of the thermal infrared imager is 25mm, and the pixel pitch of a focal plane of a detector is 16 mu m, so that the integral radiation intensity of a tail jet flow core area of an exhaust system of a turbofan engine in a wave band of 3.7 mu m-4.95 mu m is calculated to be 11.36W/sr according to the following formula; the integrated radiation intensity I can be obtained:
in summary, the thermal infrared imager is used for measuring the temperature distribution of the target, and the infrared integral radiation intensity of the target is obtained by a certain method based on the measured temperature distribution. The invention provides a new measuring method for measuring the target infrared integral radiation intensity, so that the measurement of the infrared integral radiation intensity is not limited by an infrared radiometer any more, and the method has the characteristics of low measurement cost, high measurement precision, wide application prospect and the like.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and enhancements can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and enhancements are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A target infrared integral radiation intensity testing method based on a thermal infrared imager is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting the wave band lambda according to the test wave band requirement of the target integral radiation intensity1～λ2The infrared filter (3) is arranged in the range, and the infrared filter (3) is arranged on the thermal infrared imager (4);
s2, adjusting the distance between the thermal infrared imager (4) and the object (1) to be detected, and imaging the object (1) to be detected on an observation window of the thermal infrared imager (4);
s3, selecting a target area in an observation window of the thermal infrared imager (4), determining a pixel area occupied by the detected target (1), and acquiring the apparent temperature distribution of the detected target (1) in the pixel area through a data acquisition computer (5);
s4, measuring the distance between the measured target (1) and the thermal infrared imager (4) by using a laser range finder (2);
s5, calculating the atmospheric air pair lambda between the measured object (1) and the thermal infrared imager (4)1～λ2Transmittance of radiant energy within the band;
s6, calculating the integral radiation intensity of the measured object (1) to obtain the lambda of the measured object (1)1～λ2Integrated radiation intensity over a range of wavelengths;
the step S6 further includes:
by inquiring the parameters of the thermal infrared imager, the focal length f of the lens and the focal plane pixel pitch a of the detector are obtained, the integral radiation intensity of the detected target (1) can be calculated according to the following formula, and the lambda of the detected target (1) at the lambda position is obtained1～λ2Integrated radiation intensity I in the wavelength range, as follows:
in the formula, c1Is a first radiation constant; c. C2Is a second radiation constant; gamma is the infrared filter at lambda1～λ2Transmittance in the wavelength range; tau is the atmospheric air pair lambda between the measured target 1 and the thermal infrared imager1～λ2Transmittance of radiant energy within the band; epsilon is the emissivity of a measured target arranged in the thermal infrared imager setting panel; l is the distance between the measured target and the thermal infrared imager; t isijIs an apparent temperature distribution.
2. The thermal infrared imager-based target infrared integrated radiant intensity testing method of claim 1,
the step S1 further includes:
the infrared filter (3) is arranged on a lens of the thermal infrared imager (4);
the working waveband of the thermal infrared imager (4) covers the test waveband lambda required by the target integral radiation intensity1～λ2A range of wavelengths.
3. The thermography-based target infrared integrated radiant intensity testing method of claim 1 or 2,
the step S2 further includes:
and adjusting the focal length of a lens of the thermal infrared imager (4) to enable the measured target (1) to be clearly imaged in the center of an observation window of the thermal infrared imager (4).
4. The thermography-based target infrared integrated radiant intensity testing method of claim 1 or 2,
the step S3 further includes:
the emissivity of the detected target (1) is set to be epsilon in a panel set by the thermal infrared imager (4), so that the detected target (1) and the background are clearly distinguished;
when a target area is selected in an observation window of the thermal infrared imager (4), the occupied range of the measured target (1) in a field of view is determined to be the pixel area of the m-n th row and the x-y th column, and the apparent temperature distribution T of the measured target (1) in the pixel area is collected through a data collecting computer (5)ij(m≤i≤n，x≤j≤y)。
5. The thermal infrared imager-based target infrared integrated radiant intensity testing method of claim 1,
the laser range finder (2) is arranged at the lens entrance pupil of the thermal infrared imager (4) and is aligned to the target (1).
6. The thermal infrared imager-based target infrared integrated radiant intensity testing method of claim 1,
and the data acquisition computer (5) is connected with the thermal infrared imager (4), is provided with thermal infrared imager data acquisition software, displays the temperature distribution of the detected target (1), and acquires the apparent temperature value of the observation window.
7. A testing device adopting the method for testing the target infrared integrated radiation intensity based on the thermal infrared imager according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the testing device comprises: the system comprises a thermal infrared imager (4), an infrared filter (3), a laser range finder (2) and a data acquisition computer (5); the infrared filter (3) is arranged on the thermal infrared imager (4); the laser range finder (2) is arranged at the lens entrance pupil of the thermal infrared imager (4) to be aligned with the target to be measured (1); and the data acquisition computer (5) is connected with the thermal infrared imager (4), is provided with thermal infrared imager data acquisition software, displays the temperature distribution of the detected target (1), and acquires the apparent temperature value of the observation window.
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