CN109653775B - A buffer bracket and support method that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a buffer bracket capable of realizing three-dimensional yielding and a supporting method, wherein the bracket comprises a plurality of U-shaped steel brackets, the plurality of U-shaped steel brackets are arranged in parallel, and frame legs on the same side of two adjacent U-shaped steel brackets are connected through a cross beam; the U-shaped steel bracket comprises a semicircular top beam, two bracket legs and two energy absorbing devices, wherein two ends of the top beam are respectively connected with the upper ends of the two bracket legs; the energy absorbing device comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe, an energy absorbing pipe, a plurality of groups of steel balls and a spring seat; the inner pipe is arranged in the outer pipe; an energy-absorbing pipe is arranged between the outer pipe and the inner pipe, an inner hole of the energy-absorbing pipe is conical with a large upper part and a small lower part, a plurality of groups of steel balls are arranged between the inner hole of the energy-absorbing pipe and the inner pipe, and each group of steel balls are positioned in the same horizontal plane; the lower end of the inner tube is connected with the spring seat through a spring; the lower ends of the two frame legs are respectively connected with the upper ends of the inner tubes of the two energy absorbing devices. The invention has good effect when used in mining areas such as rock burst and the like, can prevent the rock burst hazard to ensure personnel safety to the maximum extent, can greatly reduce supporting cost, strengthen the whole supporting effect, can effectively prevent the rock burst and ensure the long-term stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway.

Description

A buffer bracket and support method that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of coal mine tunnel engineering deformation and tunnel surrounding rock control, and particularly relates to a buffer bracket and a support method that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief for underground mining impact ground pressure and rock bursts.

Background technique

In recent years, due to the continuous increase in mining depth and the increasingly complex mining environment, the number of mines and the degree of damage caused by rockburst disasters have shown an obvious upward trend. Therefore, the problem of rockburst will become more serious, more prominent and more common. Earth-burst disasters not only bring great hidden dangers to the safe production of mines, but also seriously threaten the lives of mine personnel. Therefore, as the geoburst disaster becomes more and more prominent, how to ensure the safety of underground personnel and equipment, ensure the safe production of mines, accurately and timely predict the geoburst and effectively manage and control the occurrence of geoburst has become an important issue in deep mining in my country. One of the safety production problems faced by the industry and must be overcome. In addition, because the rigid bracket has no buffering force and the deformation range of the bracket is small, it cannot effectively release the elastic energy accumulated on the coal mass around the tunnel, and it is difficult to alleviate the impact of ground pressure. Therefore, a new tunnel bracket support system needs to be designed.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a buffer bracket and a support method that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief and have high support strength, large support area, low cost, good overall stability, and scalability. The surrounding rock support effect is good, and it can absorb energy and pressure through the expansion and contraction of its own device, which reduces production costs and ensures the long-term stability of the supporting structure and tunnel surrounding rock.

The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief, including a plurality of U-shaped steel brackets, the plurality of U-shaped steel brackets are arranged in parallel, and the brackets on the same side of two adjacent U-shaped steel brackets are The legs are connected by cross beams; the U-shaped steel bracket includes a semicircular top beam, two legs and two energy-absorbing devices. The two ends of the top beam are connected to the upper ends of the two legs respectively, forming an n A bracket with a shaped structure; the energy-absorbing device includes an inner tube, an outer tube, an energy-absorbing tube, multiple sets of steel balls and a spring seat; the inner tube is placed inside the outer tube; an energy-absorbing tube is provided between the outer tube and the inner tube. The inner hole of the energy-absorbing tube is tapered with a larger top and a smaller bottom. There are multiple sets of steel balls between the inner hole of the energy-absorbing tube and the inner tube. Each set of steel balls is located in the same horizontal plane; the lower end of the inner tube is connected to the spring seat through a spring. ; The lower ends of the two frame legs are respectively connected to the upper ends of the inner tubes of the two energy-absorbing devices.

In the above-mentioned buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief, the cross beam includes two connecting rods and a telescopic tie rod. The opposite ends of the two connecting rods are respectively connected to the legs of the two adjacent U-shaped steel brackets on the same side; The opposite ends of the two connecting rods are respectively connected with the two ends of the telescopic pull rod.

In the above-mentioned buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief, the retractable pull rod includes a spring, a buckle, a soft leather cover and two pull rods; the two ends of the spring are connected to the opposite ends of the two pull rods through buckles respectively; The outside of the spring is wrapped with a soft leather cover, and both ends of the soft leather cover are fixed with buckles.

In the above-mentioned buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief, the upper end of the outer tube is provided with a sand-proof cover, and the energy-absorbing tube is made of aluminum soft metal.

A support method using the above-mentioned buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief includes the following steps:

(1) Lay the anchor net on the surface of the newly excavated tunnel, set up the U-shaped steel bracket, and install and fix the frame legs and top beam through the U-shaped steel cable clamp according to the assembly requirements;

(2) Determine the number of anchor rods required, and then use an anchor drill to drill the anchor rod holes so that the anchor rod drilling holes correspond to the anchor rod installation holes left on the U-shaped steel bracket;

(3) Weld the upper end of the inner tube of the energy-absorbing device to the frame leg, fix the U-shaped rigid bracket, and add a sand-proof cover to the upper end of the outer tube of the energy-absorbing device to prevent the steel balls from falling and the dust layer from entering; then All buffer brackets that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief are installed and placed on a section of the tunnel, and anchored through anchor rods;

(4) Install a set of buffer brackets that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief at intervals in the tunnel. The legs of two adjacent buffer brackets that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief are connected together by cross beams on the same side. Until the support installation between the entire tunnel sections is completed.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The buffer bracket of the present invention that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief has an energy-absorbing device that can absorb pressure and has a good buffering effect; a) When the inner cylindrical steel pipe is pressed downward, the steel balls squeeze against the wall of the cylindrical steel pipe. The pressure becomes tight, and at the same time the spring at the bottom of the device contracts, which can effectively absorb energy; b) When the inner cylindrical steel pipe is pulled upward, the steel balls and the wall of the cylindrical steel pipe play a supporting role; c) The steel balls are easy to recycle, and the device is simple and practical. Easy to disassemble; d) It has a good overall pressure-absorbing effect, which increases the stability of the bracket system and enables the bracket system to achieve retractability along the three-dimensional axis of the tunnel, which greatly strengthens the support of the tunnel's surrounding rocks. protective effect.

2. The buffer bracket of the present invention is used to realize three-dimensional pressure relief. Since the steel balls consume little and are easy to recycle, the production cost is low and the production cost is greatly saved.

3. The buffer bracket of the present invention, which can realize three-dimensional pressure relief, realizes the telescopic function along the tunnel axis, and the support system is more complete; the present invention has many advantages when used in mining areas with impact ground pressure, rock bursts and other environments. With good effect, it can prevent the hazards of ground pressure impact to maximize personnel safety, greatly reduce support costs, strengthen the overall support effect, effectively prevent ground pressure impact, and ensure the long-term stability of the surrounding rocks of such tunnels.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a buffer bracket capable of realizing three-dimensional pressure relief according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional bracket system of the buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief according to the present invention.

3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the energy-absorbing device of the buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of the energy absorbing device of the buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the retractable tie rod of the buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief according to the present invention.

Among them: 1-top beam, 2-leg, 3-inner tube, 4-outer tube, 5-steel ball, 6-energy-absorbing tube, 7-anchor, 8-sand-proof cover, 9-pallet, 10-energy-absorbing Device, 11-anchor mounting hole, 12-bolt, 13-nut, 14-U-shaped steel clamp, 15-spring, 16-buckle, 17-soft leather case, 18-tie rod, 19-beam, 191-can Telescopic tie rod, 20-spring seat.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the buffer bracket of the present invention that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief includes multiple U-shaped steel brackets. The multiple U-shaped steel brackets are arranged in parallel. The legs of two adjacent U-shaped steel brackets on the same side pass between them. Crossbeam 19 connection. As shown in Figures 1 and 5, the cross beam includes two connecting rods and a telescopic tie rod. The opposite ends of the two connecting rods are respectively connected to the legs 2 on the same side of the two adjacent U-shaped steel brackets. The opposite ends of the two connecting rods are respectively connected with the two ends of the telescopic pull rod. The retractable pull rod includes a spring 15, a buckle 16, a soft leather cover 17 and two pull rods 18; the two ends of the spring 15 are connected to the opposite ends of the two pull rods 18 through buckles 16 respectively. The outside of the spring 15 is wrapped with a soft leather cover 17, and both ends of the soft leather cover 17 are fixed by buckles 16.

The U-shaped steel bracket includes a semicircular top beam 1, two legs 2 and two energy-absorbing devices 10. The two ends of the top beam 1 are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two legs 2 through U-shaped steel clamps 14. , forming an n-shaped structure of the bracket. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the energy absorbing device 10 includes an inner tube 3, an outer tube 4, an energy absorbing tube 6, multiple sets of steel balls 5 and a spring seat 20. The inner tube 3 is placed inside the outer tube 4; an energy-absorbing tube 6 is provided between the outer tube 4 and the inner tube 3. The inner hole of the energy-absorbing tube 6 is tapered with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part. There are multiple groups of steel balls 5 between the inner tubes, and each group of steel balls is located in the same horizontal plane. The lower end of the inner tube 3 is connected to the spring seat 20 through a spring 15; the outer tube 4 and the spring seat 20 are connected through bolts 12. The lower ends of the two legs 2 are respectively connected to the upper ends of the inner tubes 3 of the two energy-absorbing devices. The upper ends of the outer tubes 4 are provided with sand-proof covers 8. The sand-proof covers 8 prevent the steel balls 5 from falling and prevent dust. Enter, the energy-absorbing tube 6 is made of aluminum soft metal.

When pressure is applied, the inner tube 3 of the energy absorbing device 10 is compressed downward, driving the steel balls 5 to squeeze the energy absorbing tube 6 made of aluminum soft metal, thereby achieving an energy absorbing effect. Moreover, the inner tube 3 presses the spring 15 downward, and the spring 15 contracts to bear a certain pressure, thereby achieving a good pressure relief effect. Two adjacent U-shaped steel brackets are connected by a cross beam 19, and a telescopic tie rod 191 is provided on the cross beam 19, thereby achieving axial telescopicity when pressed axially.

A buffer bracket and support method that utilizes the above-mentioned three-dimensional pressure relief method includes the following steps:

(1) Spread the anchor net on the surface of the newly dug tunnel, set up the U-shaped steel bracket, and install and fix the frame legs and top beam through the U-shaped steel clamping cable 14 according to the assembly requirements.

(2) Determine the number of anchor rods 7 required, and then use an anchor drill to drill anchor holes so that the anchor holes correspond to the anchor mounting holes 11 left on the U-shaped steel bracket.

(3) Weld the upper end of the inner tube 3 of the energy absorbing device 10 to the frame leg 2, fix the U-shaped rigid bracket, and add a sand-proof cover 8 to the upper end of the outer tube 4 of the energy absorbing device 10 to prevent the steel balls 5 from falling. And prevent dust from entering. Then all the buffer brackets that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief are installed and placed on a section of the tunnel, and anchored through anchor rods.

(4) Install a set of bracket systems at intervals. The adjacent legs 2 of the same side of the adjacent buffer brackets that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief are connected together through cross beams 19 until the support of the entire tunnel section is completed. Install.

Claims (5)

1. A buffer bracket that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief, including multiple U-shaped steel brackets. The multiple U-shaped steel brackets are arranged in parallel. The characteristic is: the legs of the two adjacent U-shaped steel brackets on the same side are connected by a cross beam. Connection; the U-shaped steel bracket includes a semicircular top beam, two legs and two energy-absorbing devices. The two ends of the top beam are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two legs to form an n-shaped bracket; The energy-absorbing device includes an inner tube, an outer tube, an energy-absorbing tube, multiple sets of steel balls and a spring seat; the inner tube is placed inside the outer tube; an energy-absorbing tube is arranged between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner hole of the energy-absorbing tube It is tapered with a large top and a small bottom. There are multiple sets of steel balls between the inner hole and the inner tube of the energy-absorbing tube. Each set of steel balls is located in the same horizontal plane; the lower end of the inner tube is connected to the spring seat through a spring; the two legs The lower ends are respectively connected to the upper ends of the inner tubes of the two energy-absorbing devices. 2. The buffer bracket capable of realizing three-dimensional pressure relief according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross beam includes two connecting rods and a telescopic pull rod, and the opposite ends of the two connecting rods are respectively connected with the two adjacent ones. The legs on the same side of the U-shaped steel bracket are connected; the opposite ends of the two connecting rods are connected to the two ends of the telescopic pull rod respectively. 3. The buffer bracket capable of realizing three-dimensional pressure relief according to claim 2, characterized in that: the retractable pull rod includes a spring, a buckle, a soft leather cover and two pull rods; the two ends of the spring pass through The buckles are connected to the opposite ends of the two pull rods; the outside of the spring is wrapped with a soft leather cover, and the two ends of the soft leather cover are fixed by the buckles. 4. The buffer bracket capable of realizing three-dimensional pressure relief according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper end of the outer tube is provided with a sand-proof cover. 5. A support method utilizing the buffer bracket capable of realizing three-dimensional pressure relief according to any one of claims 1-4, including the following steps: (1) Lay the anchor net on the surface of the newly excavated tunnel, set up the U-shaped steel bracket, and install and fix the frame legs and top beam through the U-shaped steel cable clamp according to the assembly requirements; (2) Determine the number of anchor rods required, and then use an anchor drill to drill the anchor rod holes so that the anchor rod drilling holes correspond to the anchor rod installation holes left on the U-shaped steel bracket; (3) Weld the upper end of the inner tube of the energy-absorbing device to the frame leg, fix the U-shaped rigid bracket, and add a sand-proof cover to the upper end of the outer tube of the energy-absorbing device to prevent the steel balls from falling and the dust layer from entering; then All buffer brackets that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief are installed and placed on a section of the tunnel, and anchored through anchor rods; (4) Install a set of buffer brackets that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief at intervals in the tunnel. The legs on the same side of the two adjacent buffer brackets that can realize three-dimensional pressure relief are connected together through cross beams until it is completed. Support installation between entire tunnel sections.