CN109650373B - Copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN109650373B
CN109650373B CN201910085371.7A CN201910085371A CN109650373B CN 109650373 B CN109650373 B CN 109650373B CN 201910085371 A CN201910085371 A CN 201910085371A CN 109650373 B CN109650373 B CN 109650373B
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sodium alginate
copper
aerogel
carbon aerogel
solution
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CN109650373A (en
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翟作昭
刘振法
张利辉
许跃龙
任斌
王莎莎
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Energy Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
    • B22F2009/245—Reduction reaction in an Ionic Liquid [IL]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The invention relates to a copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel and a preparation method and application thereof.

Description

Copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of preparation of carbon aerogel materials.
Background
The carbon aerogel is a novel light porous material, and has the characteristics of good stability, high porosity, large specific surface area, high conductivity, more substances and electron transmission pore passages, so that the carbon aerogel can be widely used as a catalyst carrier, a hydrogen storage material, an adsorption material, an electrode material of a super capacitor or a lithium ion battery and the like.
Sodium alginate is a natural high molecular polysaccharide polymer widely existing in nature and extracted from brown algae. A technical scheme for preparing a nitrogen-doped metal carbon aerogel composite material by taking sodium alginate and graphene as raw materials and introducing a metal precursor is disclosed in a sodium alginate-based carbon aerogel material.
At present, no relevant report on the preparation and application research of copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel, and also provides a preparation method with simple and convenient operation and application thereof in the aspect of electrode materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
subject of the technology 1
The invention provides a copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel, which has a specific surface area of 150-300 m2The specific capacitance can reach 200-500F/g.
Further, it is specifically prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-3% and a copper salt solution with the mass fraction of 2-8%;
(2) pouring the copper salt solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1-2 hours, and washing with deionized water;
(3) freezing and drying the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) to obtain aerogel;
(4) and (4) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon aerogel.
Subject matter two
The invention provides a preparation method of copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel as described in the technical subject I, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-3% and a copper salt solution with the mass fraction of 2-8%;
(2) pouring the copper salt solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1-2 hours, and washing with deionized water;
(3) freezing and drying the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) to obtain aerogel;
(4) and (4) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon aerogel.
Further, the copper salt solution in the step (1) is selected from copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper chloride or copper acetate.
Further, the mass percentage of the sodium alginate solution in the step (1) is 1%, and the copper salt solution in the step (1) is a copper nitrate solution, and the mass fraction is 2.5%.
Further, the mass ratio of the sodium alginate solution to the copper salt solution in the step (1) is 1: 1-3.
Further, the freeze drying time in the step (3) is 48-72 hours, and the temperature is-50 to-80 ℃.
Further, the protective atmosphere in the step (4) is one or a combination of two or more selected from helium, neon, argon and nitrogen.
Further, the carbonization in the step (4) is specifically carried out under the condition of vacuum pumping, inert gas is continuously introduced in the carbonization process, the temperature is increased to 100 ℃ from the room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min and is kept for 60min, then the temperature is increased to 900 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min and is kept for 2 hours, and then the temperature is slowly reduced to the room temperature, so that the carbon aerogel is prepared.
Subject three
The invention provides an application of copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel as described in the technical subject I as an electrode material, in particular an application of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel as an electrode material of a super capacitor.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel provided by the invention has a high specific surface area and a high specific capacitance by utilizing the porosity of the carbon aerogel and the uniform loading of a copper simple substance, and the specific surface area is 150-300 m2The specific capacitance can reach 200-500F/g.
According to the invention, copper ions can be uniformly dispersed in sodium alginate by utilizing the chelation effect of sodium alginate and copper ions, and simultaneously, the copper ions are changed into metal copper simple substances in a high-temperature environment, and the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel is obtained by utilizing the porosity of the carbon aerogel and the uniform loading of the copper simple substances.
The copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel provided by the invention has a hierarchical pore structure, and copper simple substances are uniformly embedded in the carbon aerogel, so that the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel has high specific capacitance and good cycle performance, and can be used for preparing an electrode material of a super capacitor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a carbon aerogel prepared according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of a carbon aerogel prepared according to example 1;
FIG. 3 is an XRD pattern of the carbon aerogel prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a charge-discharge curve diagram of the carbon aerogel prepared in example 1 with a current density of 0.1-1.0A/g;
FIG. 5 is a cyclic voltammetry curve for a carbon aerogel prepared in example 1;
FIG. 6 is an impedance curve of the carbon aerogel prepared in example 1;
fig. 7 is a graph of the number of cycles of the carbon aerogel prepared in example 1 versus the specific capacitance value.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail and fully with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1% and a copper nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 2.5%, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper nitrate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 230.4 m2The specific capacitance can reach 414.4F/g at a scanning speed of 0.3 mV/s.
The morphology of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel prepared in the embodiment is shown in the attached drawings 1 and 2, and the XRD chart is shown in the attached drawing 3, which indicates that copper is loaded. The electrical properties are shown in FIGS. 4-7, which show that: the material has small resistance, little attenuation after 1000 times of cyclic use, and stability, and is suitable for being applied to a super capacitor as an electrode material.
Example 2
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% and a copper nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 2%, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper nitrate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 2 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 72 hours at the temperature of minus 50 to minus 60 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 900 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 189.3 m2The specific capacitance can reach 384.6F/g at a scanning speed of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 3
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 3% and a copper nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 8%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper nitrate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 2 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 60 hours at the temperature of minus 60 to minus 70 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 700 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 160.6m2The specific capacitance can reach 330.7F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 4
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% and a copper nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 8%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper nitrate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: specific surface area of 151.6m2The specific capacitance can reach 299.7F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 5
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 3% and a copper nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 2%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate solution to the copper nitrate solution is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 179.2 m2The specific capacitance can reach 349.2F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 6
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1% and a copper sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 2.5%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper sulfate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 201.9 m2The specific capacitance can reach 397.2F/g at a scanning speed of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 7
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% and a copper sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 2%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper sulfate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 198.5 m2The specific capacitance can reach 388.2F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 8
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 3% and a copper sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 8%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper sulfate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 156.6 m2The specific capacitance can reach 328.8F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 9
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1% and a copper chloride solution with the mass fraction of 2.5%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper chloride is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: specific surface area of 222.9 m2The specific capacitance can reach 410.6F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 10
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% and a copper chloride solution with the mass fraction of 8%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper chloride is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 176.3 m2The specific capacitance can reach 341.2F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 11
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 3% and a copper chloride solution with the mass fraction of 8%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper chloride is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 161.4 m2The specific capacitance can reach 330.1F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 12
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1% and a copper acetate solution with the mass fraction of 2.5%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper acetate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 220.6 m2The specific capacitance can reach 408.7F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 13
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% and a copper acetate solution with the mass fraction of 2%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper acetate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 180.9 m2The specific capacitance can reach 346.5F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Example 14
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 3% and a copper acetate solution with the mass fraction of 8%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper acetate is 1: 2.5.
(2) Pouring the copper nitrate solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water;
(3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain aerogel;
(4) and (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 160.2 m2The specific capacitance can reach 321.6F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1% and a copper nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 2.5%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper nitrate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the sodium alginate solution into the copper nitrate solution to obtain the sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5 hours, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: the specific surface area is 130.4 m2The specific capacitance can reach 314.4F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 1% and a copper nitrate solution with the mass fraction of 2.5%; the mass ratio of the sodium alginate to the copper nitrate is 1: 2.5.
(2) And pouring the sodium alginate solution into the copper nitrate solution, stirring for 1.5h to obtain sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1.5h, and washing with deionized water.
(3) And (3) putting the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) into a freeze drying box, and freeze drying for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 70 to minus 80 ℃ to obtain the aerogel.
(4) And (3) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) under a vacuum-pumping condition, continuously introducing nitrogen in the carbonization process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
The parameters of the prepared copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel are as follows: specific surface area of 176.2 m2The specific capacitance can reach 316.5F/g at a scanning rate of 0.3 mV/s.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel is characterized in that the specific surface area of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel is 150-300 m2The specific capacitance can reach 200-500F/g;
the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-3% and a copper salt solution with the mass fraction of 2-8%;
(2) pouring the copper salt solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1-2 hours, and washing with deionized water;
(3) freezing and drying the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) to obtain aerogel;
(4) and (4) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon aerogel.
2. The preparation method of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5-3% and a copper salt solution with the mass fraction of 2-8%;
(2) pouring the copper salt solution into the sodium alginate solution to obtain sodium alginate hydrogel, standing for 1-2 hours, and washing with deionized water;
(3) freezing and drying the sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (2) to obtain aerogel;
(4) and (4) carbonizing the aerogel obtained in the step (3) in a protective atmosphere to obtain the carbon aerogel.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the copper salt solution in the step (1) is selected from copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper chloride or copper acetate.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mass fraction of the sodium alginate solution in the step (1) is 1%, and the mass fraction of the copper salt solution in the step (1) is 2.5%.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the sodium alginate solution to the copper salt solution is 1:2 to 3.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: the freeze drying time in the step (3) is 48-72 hours, and the temperature is-50 to-80 ℃.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein: and (4) carbonizing under a vacuum pumping condition, continuously introducing inert gas protective gas in the carbonizing process, heating to 100 ℃ from room temperature at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping for 60min, heating to 900 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 2 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon aerogel.
8. Use of the copper-loaded sodium alginate carbon aerogel of claim 1 as an electrode material.
9. Use according to claim 8, wherein the electrode material is an electrode material of a supercapacitor.
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